CN115612814A - Method for preparing gradient structure biphase stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization - Google Patents
Method for preparing gradient structure biphase stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization Download PDFInfo
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- CN115612814A CN115612814A CN202211237670.6A CN202211237670A CN115612814A CN 115612814 A CN115612814 A CN 115612814A CN 202211237670 A CN202211237670 A CN 202211237670A CN 115612814 A CN115612814 A CN 115612814A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization, which comprises the following steps: firstly fixing and surface treating the duplex stainless steel, then manufacturing a corresponding tool head according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel, fixing the tool head into a processing device, opening a protective gas, then controlling the tool head to be inserted into the duplex stainless steel at a certain rotating speed and a rolling speed, and processing the duplex stainless steel along a certain path at a certain speed under the action of thermal coupling until the processing is finished. The method realizes the in-situ rapid preparation of the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on different recrystallization leading mechanisms under the action of thermal coupling, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, low production cost, simple process, strong controllability and easy industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a method for preparing gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization.
Background
The duplex stainless steel has excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength, high corrosion resistance and good processability, so that the duplex stainless steel is widely applied to the fields of nuclear power, petroleum, ships and the like. Researches show that the strength of the duplex stainless steel can be improved by adopting the traditional approaches of deformation strengthening, precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening and the like, but the plastic deformation capability of the duplex stainless steel is inevitably weakened, so that the duplex stainless steel is strengthened and simultaneously the plasticity is reduced. The high matching strength plasticity of the metal material has important significance for guaranteeing the service reliability of the bearing structure, and the relation of strength and plasticity 'this trade-off' obviously exists in various metals including duplex stainless steel, thereby greatly limiting the wide application of the metals. How to break through the limitation, and realizing the cooperative optimization of the strength and the plasticity is always a very challenging research subject in the field of materials.
The discovery of the gradient structure provides new suggestions for the high performance of the metal. Different from the traditional uniform structure, the gradient structure means that the grain size, chemical composition, phase distribution and the like of the material are in gradient change in space, the heterogeneity and multi-scale structure characteristics are proved, and the mutual toggle between the strength and the plasticity is effectively broken through the synergistic effect between deformation mechanisms corresponding to all scales. How to prepare the metal material with the gradient structure is the key for pushing the gradient structure to application from theory and realizing the cooperative optimization of strength and plasticity. Patent document CN112845587A discloses a method for preparing a metal material with a gradient structure by increment-accumulation pack rolling, which realizes the preparation of aluminum alloy and copper alloy plates with a grain size gradient structure by carrying out heat treatment and repeated pack rolling on the plates; patent document CN112210735A discloses a method for preparing magnesium alloy sheet with gradient structure, which comprises adding 1 to 10% of mn element to regulate alloy components, and combining with some series of processes such as solution treatment, quenching, machining, extrusion deformation, etc., to prepare magnesium alloy with gradient distribution of grain size. Although the two approaches can obtain gradient structure materials, certain technical limitations still exist. Firstly, the metal material has excellent thermal conductivity, and the preparation of the gradient structure is difficult to realize quantitative and accurate control due to the characteristic of poor controllability of the heat treatment process; secondly, patent documents CN112845587A and CN112210735A both relate to multiple processing processes, which results in complex process flow, long production period, numerous influencing factors, and difficulty in obtaining a gradient structure material with stable performance.
The existing method has many technical limitations for preparing a single-phase tissue gradient structure, and the difficulty for obtaining the gradient structure is higher for a two-phase tissue with more complex tissue evolution, such as two-phase stainless steel. At present, a method for preparing gradient structure duplex stainless steel with simple process, high efficiency and controllability is urgently sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for preparing gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization. The method for preparing the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization has simple process, high efficiency and stable gradient structure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for preparing the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on the thermal coupling recrystallization comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the duplex stainless steel on a workbench, and performing surface treatment on the upper surface of the duplex stainless steel plate;
s2, preparing a tool head according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel and the data of the tool head;
s3, fixing the tool \30107madein the step S2 on a main shaft of the friction stir equipment, and setting operation parameters and a path of a tool head;
s4, arranging an argon gun beside the tool head, opening an argon holder, and protecting the thermal coupling process;
and S5, inserting the tool head into the duplex stainless steel at a certain rotating speed and a certain rolling speed to reach a certain depth, and then moving the tool head along a set path at a certain speed to process the duplex stainless steel under the action of thermal coupling.
Preferably, in the step S5, the rotation speed, the rolling speed and the moving speed of the tool head are respectively 200 to 1000rpm, 0.2 to 2mm/min and 50 to 300mm/min.
Preferably, in step S1, the surface treatment method is: mechanically polishing by an angle grinder, and scrubbing by an organic solvent.
Preferably, the organic solvent is acetone or alcohol.
Preferably, the tool head comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, and the shaft shoulder is connected with the stirring pin; and determining the length of the stirring pin according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel, determining the diameter of the stirring pin according to the length of the stirring pin, and determining the diameter of the shaft shoulder according to the diameter of the stirring pin to obtain the tool head.
Preferably, the lower end surface of the shaft shoulder is an inwardly concave curved surface.
Preferably, the tool head is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
Preferably, the operating parameters include a rotation speed, a rolling speed and a moving speed.
Preferably, the thickness of the duplex stainless steel is 0.2 to 30mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method for preparing the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on the thermal coupling recrystallization adopts the tool head to carry out stirring friction processing on the duplex stainless steel so as to realize the coupling action of mechanical stirring and friction heat, thereby exciting the behavior of tissue reversion and recrystallization, leading austenite and ferrite to recrystallize the difference of leading mechanisms under the thermal coupling action, realizing the in-situ rapid preparation of the gradient structure by one step, improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost, having simple method, easy operation and easy industrial production.
2. The method for preparing the gradient-structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization adopts the gradient structure prepared by the thermal coupling action to excite recrystallization behavior, and the gradient structure is spatially characterized by the layered distribution of coarse-grained ferrite-fine-grained austenite, and fine austenite structures and coarse ferrite structures respectively play the roles of hard particles and soft matrix, and a similar dispersion strengthening effect is superposed on the traditional gradient structure back stress strengthening basis, so that the duplex stainless steel has more excellent strength and plasticity, as shown in figure 4.
3. The traditional method for preparing the gradient structure by rolling and heat treatment processes is only suitable for the integral processing of metal materials and cannot realize the preparation of the gradient structure in a local area. The size of the processing area can be regulated and controlled by changing the size of the tool head; by designing the walking path of the tool head, the gradient structure can be prepared on the local part of the duplex stainless steel and the whole duplex stainless steel, and the process is simple and has strong controllability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram of the present invention for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization. In the figureFIn order to be the axial pressure force,ωthe angular velocity is represented by the angular velocity,vindicating the direction of travel
Fig. 2 is an original structure of the duplex stainless steel, in which fig. 2a is a reverse polarity diagram of austenite, fig. 2b is a reverse polarity diagram of ferrite, and fig. 2c is a phase distribution diagram of austenite and ferrite.
Fig. 3 is an IQ (Image Quality) diagram, fig. 3b is a phase distribution diagram of austenite and ferrite, fig. 3c is a reverse polarity diagram of fine austenite, and fig. 3d is a reverse polarity diagram of coarse ferrite of the duplex stainless steel with a gradient structure prepared by the method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a comparison of mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel according to the present invention in comparison with a conventional method, wherein fig. 4a is a hardness comparison and fig. 4b is a tensile property comparison.
Wherein, 1 is duplex stainless steel, 2 is a workbench, 3 is a tool head, 3-1 is a shaft shoulder, 3-2 is a stirring needle, and 4 is an argon gun.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The method for preparing the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on the thermal coupling recrystallization as shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the duplex stainless steel with the thickness of 0.2-30mm on a workbench, and carrying out surface treatment on the upper surface of the duplex stainless steel plate; the surface treatment mode is as follows: mechanically polishing by an angle grinder, and scrubbing by an organic solvent to expose a clean surface for later use. The organic solvent is acetone or alcohol.
S2, preparing a tool head according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel and the data of the tool head; specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the tool head comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, wherein the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin are integrally formed; and determining the length of the stirring pin according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel, determining the diameter of the stirring pin according to the length of the stirring pin, and determining the diameter of the shaft shoulder according to the diameter of the stirring pin to obtain the tool head. The tool head is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy so as to ensure the strength and ensure that the friction stir processing is effectively carried out. The lower end face of the shaft shoulder is provided with an inwards concave curved surface which can contain plasticized double-phase decay steel metal and reduce the generation of flash defects.
S3, fixing the tool assembly 30107made in the step S2 to a main shaft of the friction stir equipment, and setting operation parameters and a path of a tool head; the operating parameters include rotational speed, pull-down speed, and travel speed.
S4, arranging an argon gun beside the tool head, opening an argon holder, and protecting the thermal coupling process; in this embodiment, the argon guns are disposed in front of and behind the tool head to prevent the generation of oxides during the thermal coupling process of the tool head, so as to ensure the quality of the product.
And S5, inserting the tool head into the duplex stainless steel at a certain rotating speed and a certain rolling speed to reach a certain depth, and then moving the tool head along a set path at a certain speed to process the duplex stainless steel under the action of thermal coupling. Specifically, the rotation speed, the rolling speed and the moving speed of the tool head are respectively 400rpm, 1mm/min and 100mm/min.
The 2205 duplex stainless steel with the thickness of 2mm is processed by adopting the method, the original structure of the 2205 duplex stainless steel is shown in figure 2, the original structure consists of austenite and ferrite which are uniformly distributed, under the action of violent friction stirring of a tool head, the temperature of the duplex stainless steel structure is increased, meanwhile, the dislocation density is rapidly increased, the dislocation generates slippage, climbing, cross slippage, polygonization and the like under the action of thermal coupling, the local high-angle grain boundary is arched due to the plugging of the dislocation at the grain boundary and the phase boundary, so that the continuous dynamic recrystallization in the ferrite and the discontinuous recrystallization in the austenite are promoted, the crystal grains are refined, and a gradient structure with the layered distribution of 'coarse crystal ferrite-fine crystal austenite' is formed, as shown in figure 3. Based on the difference of recrystallization leading mechanisms of austenite and ferrite under the action of thermal coupling, the in-situ rapid preparation of the gradient structure is realized in one step, and the method has the advantages of high production efficiency, low production cost, simple process, easy operation and easy industrial production.
The hardness of the original structure of the duplex stainless steel prepared by the traditional method is about 265HV, while the hardness of the duplex stainless steel prepared by the invention is improved to about 340HV, as shown in figure 4; the tensile strength and the elongation of the duplex stainless steel prepared by the traditional method are 582MPa and 47 percent in sequence, while the tensile strength and the elongation of the duplex stainless steel prepared by the invention are respectively improved to 815MPa and 51 percent, thereby further proving the feasibility and the unique superiority of the invention in the aspect of preparing the duplex stainless steel with a high-strength high-plasticity gradient structure.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fixing the duplex stainless steel on a workbench, and performing surface treatment on the upper surface of the duplex stainless steel plate;
s2, preparing a tool bit according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel and the data of the tool bit;
s3, fixing the tool \30107madein the step S2 on a main shaft of the friction stir equipment, and setting operation parameters and a path of a tool head;
s4, arranging an argon gun beside the tool head, opening an argon holder, and protecting the thermal coupling process;
and S5, inserting the tool head into the duplex stainless steel at a certain rotating speed and a certain rolling speed to reach a certain depth, and then moving the tool head along a set path at a certain speed to process the duplex stainless steel under the action of thermal coupling.
2. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the rotating speed, the rolling speed and the moving speed of the tool head are respectively 200 to 1000rpm, 0.2 to 2mm/min and 50 to 300mm/min.
3. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on the thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the surface treatment is performed by: mechanically polishing by an angle grinder, and scrubbing by an organic solvent.
4. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 3, wherein the organic solvent is acetone or alcohol.
5. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein the tool head comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, and the shaft shoulder is connected with the stirring pin; and determining the length of the stirring pin according to the thickness of the duplex stainless steel, determining the diameter of the stirring pin according to the length of the stirring pin, and determining the diameter of the shaft shoulder according to the diameter of the stirring pin to obtain the tool head.
6. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein: the lower end face of the shaft shoulder is an inwards-concave curved surface.
7. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein the tool bit is prepared from a tungsten-rhenium alloy.
8. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein: the operating parameters include rotational speed, rolling speed, and travel speed.
9. The method for preparing a gradient structure duplex stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the duplex stainless steel is 0.2 to 30mm.
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