CN109822291A - A method of the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology - Google Patents
A method of the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, it include: the rotation system output end that metal sample is installed on to numerically controlled lathe, ultrasonic burnishing device is installed on to the auto feed system clamping end of numerically controlled lathe, so that the work ball of ultrasonic burnishing device and metal sample centering；Ultrasonic wave is converted into the superaudible mechanical oscillation of work ball by the supersonic generator of starting ultrasonic burnishing device；Rotate metal sample, and the work ball of vibration is made to press radially into metal sample surface layer with static pressure, ball is worked at the same time to feed along metal sample axis direction, so that work ball and metal sample relative rolling, to form the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or submicron order on metal sample.The method that the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology of the invention, can the surface layer of metal rod-like samples formed the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or submicron order and also to the surface abrasion of sample it is smaller.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing of metal material, relate more specifically to that a kind of based on ultrasonic burnishing technology to prepare metal heterogeneous
The method of multi-layer sheet structure.
Background technique
Metal material promotes people to metal material in science and technology, military, in economic and daily life extensive use
The requirement of energy is continuously improved.Wherein mechanical property is the performance of major requirement in metal material actual application.Material is main
Mechanical property is flexible, intensity, plasticity, hardness, toughness, fatigue properties and wearability etc..Under normal conditions, mechanical property
It is very sensitive to the microstructure of material.It therefore, can be by changing the microstructure of metal material to improve it
Mechanical property.In the 1950s, researcher proposes Hall-Petch relationship, i.e. metal can be improved in reduction crystallite dimension
Intensity (the Hall E O.The Deformation and Ageing of Mild Steel:III Discussion of material
of Results[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society Section B,1951,64(9):747；
Petch N J.The cleavage strength of polycrystals[J].Journal of the Iron and
Steel Institute,1953,174(12):25-28).According to Hall-Petch relationship, preparing grain size is nanoscale
Or the homogeneous micro-structure tissue of submicron order scale is to obtain high-intensitive metal material.Although this homogeneous nano or Asia
The intensity of micron metal is greatly improved, but their plasticity also greatly reduces (Nieman G W, et
al.Mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals[J].NanoStructured Materials,
1992,1(2):185-190；Pachla W,et al.M.Nanocrystalline titanium produced by
hydrostatic extrusion[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,205
(3):173-182)。
In order to obtain the metal material for having both high-intensitive and good plasticity, researcher continuously attempts to prepare new microcosmic
Structure organization.In recent years, the appearance of the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanometer or submicron-scale was so that this problem had new progress.
Such as Li et al. in 2012 prepares the pure Ti of ultrafine grain metal using Differential speed rolling technology (ASR) and finds after annealing, annealing temperature
Degree 100~200 DEG C at when, heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure Ti yield strength ratio coarse-grain it is 1 times high, also add uniform elongation (Li Z,
et al.Effects of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of
nano-grained titanium produced by combination of asymmetric and symmetric
rolling[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,558(4):309-318).Liu in 2013
Two-dimensional nano multi-layer sheet structure (i.e. heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure) is obtained Deng pure nickel sample is processed by surface mechanical milling techniques (SMGT),
Preferable thermal stability (Liu X C, et al.Formation of nano- is also maintained while optimizing intensity
laminated structure in nickel by means of surface mechanical grinding
treatment[J].Acta Mater,2015).Wu in 2015 etc. obtains the pure titanium of heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure by ASR, by low
Warm short-cycle annealing processing forms soft-hard microcell tissue, and quasi-static tensile test shows that " soft-hard " microcell multi-layer sheet structure obtains
Very high yield strength and Uniform Tension elongation (Wu X, et al.Heterogeneous lamella structure
unites ultrafine-grain strength with coarse-grain ductility[J].PNAS,2015).It is aobvious
So, by preparing, the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of Ultra-fine Grained scale and nanoscale is available to have both high-intensitive and good plasticity gold
Belong to material.
The method for preparing the metal material of small scale crystal grain is roughly divided into two classes.The method that the first kind is " from bottom to top ",
The atom of metal material or elementide are synthesized to by the method for physics or chemistry the crystal grain of small scale.Such methods
There are some defects.For example, it is low so as to cause the consistency of sample to be readily incorporated stomata, impurity etc. during the preparation process, preparation
Sample macro-size it is small the problems such as.The method that second class method is " from top to bottom " passes through various plastic deformation technologies, example
Such as Differential speed rolling technology (ASR), surface mechanical disruption (SMGT) technology, ultrasonic burnishing technology (UADR), surface mechanical attrition skill
Coarse grain initial in metal material, is broken into the crystal grain of small scale by art (SMAT) etc..Such methods preparation process is simple,
The sample size of preparation is larger, and having a wide range of application, (Liu little Chun, it is steady that surface mechanical disruption handles the Evolution Microstructure of pure nickel, heat
Qualitative and mechanical property research [D], Shenyang: university, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015).
The existing plastic deformation technology that heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure is prepared in metal material mainly has Differential speed rolling technology
(ASR) and surface mechanical disruption (SMGT) technology both technologies.However both techniques all have some limitations, example
Such as, ASR technology is only applicable to process the plane of plate or disk, can not process rodlike or curved workpiece；
SMGT technology wears workpiece surface more serious and smaller in the surface plasticity layer depth that workpiece surface is formed.
Summary of the invention
Rodlike or curved workpiece can not be processed and SMGT skill to solve above-mentioned ASR technology of the existing technology
The problems such as art is to workpiece surface serious wear, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of, based on ultrasonic burnishing technology (UADR) to prepare metal different
The method of matter multi-layer sheet structure.
The method of the present invention that the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, comprising steps of S1, it will
Metal sample is installed on the rotation system output end of numerically controlled lathe, and ultrasonic burnishing device is installed on to the auto-feed of numerically controlled lathe
System clamping end, so that the work ball of ultrasonic burnishing device and metal sample centering；S2 starts the ultrasound of ultrasonic burnishing device
Ultrasonic wave is converted into the superaudible mechanical oscillation of work ball by wave producer；S3 revolves the metal sample on numerically controlled lathe
Turn, and the work ball of vibration is made to press radially into metal sample surface layer with static pressure, works at the same time ball along metal sample axis
Direction feeding, so that work ball and metal sample relative rolling, to form nanoscale or sub-micro on metal sample
The heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of meter level.
In the step S1, metal sample is installed on the rotatable main shaft of numerically controlled lathe to be turned by main shaft
Move the rotation to drive metal sample, work ball be installed in numerically controlled lathe can on the feed shaft of axial feed with by into
The axial feed of work ball is driven to the movement of axis.
In the step S3, work ball applies the different static pressures of radial increase to metal sample.
Static pressure is 100-200N.Preferably, static pressure is followed successively by 120N, 135N, 150N, 165N, 180N.It is excellent at one
In the embodiment of choosing, since 120N, every kind of static pressure is from one end of metal sample to other end repeat rolling 3 times, then applies
The same repeat rolling of the power of 135N 3 times, and so on, until 180N.
The ball that works rolls metal sample 20-40 times.
The revolving speed of metal sample is 240-260r/min.Preferably, the revolving speed of metal sample is 250r/min.
The feed speed of feed shaft is 5-15mm/min.Preferably, the feed speed of feed shaft is 10mm/min.
The amplitude of the superaudible mechanical oscillation of work ball is 12-14 μm.
The vibration frequency of work ball is 17.5-18.8kHz.
Metal sample is nickel, titanium, aluminium, iron, copper or their alloy.
Metal sample is metal rod-like samples.
Before metal sample is installed on numerically controlled lathe, crystal grain, which homogenizes, to be treated with heat such that metal sample.
The method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology of the invention, can be in metal rod-like samples
Surface layer form the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or submicron order and smaller to the surface abrasion of sample, to overcome existing
ASR technology in cannot be to the limitation that curve surface of workpiece is processed, while solving in existing SMGT technology sample surfaces and wearing
Larger and surface layer the lesser defect of plasticity layer depth.When metal rod-like samples of the invention are processed by UADR technology, sample
Circumferential direction bears shearing force, the radial synergy for bearing ultrasonic activation and static pressure.Compared to SMGT technology, UADR technology is mentioned
The sample surface layer for having supplied additional supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation to promote processing is plastically deformed, therefore the plastic deformation on sample surface layer
Layer is deeper, such as the depth of ductile bed can achieve 340 μm.Moreover, the structure and technical principle of UADR technology of the invention make
Its feature applied widely with processed sample, not only can in the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of sample preparation of plate or disk,
But also rod-like samples can be processed, obtain heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow of the method according to the present invention that the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the optical microscope photograph using the cross section of the pure nickel stick after ultrasonic burnishing technical treatment；
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope photo using the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure in surface layer of the pure nickel stick after ultrasonic burnishing technical treatment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided, and is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the method according to the present invention that the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, first
Including providing heat-treated metal sample, homogenize crystal grain.Specifically, metal sample is carried out to heat more than its recrystallization temperature
Processing, brings it about perfect recrystallization process, to obtain the sample of crystal grain homogenization.Preferably, which is fault
The higher metal of energy, such as nickel, titanium, aluminium, iron, copper or their alloy, such as pure nickel stick.In a preferred embodiment
In, which is metal rod-like samples.In a preferred embodiment, pure nickel stacking fault energy is 130mJ/m2；Pure nickel is brilliant
Body structure is face-centered cubic (FCC)；Pure nickel crystallite dimension is 500 μm；Pure nickel stick diameter is 12mm；Pure nickel chemical component (weight
Percentage) it is as follows:
| Ni+Co | C | S | P | Cu | Fe | Si | Mn | Zn |
| ≥99.9 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.023 | < 0.001 |
The method according to the present invention for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, is next included in number
It controls and metal sample and ultrasonic burnishing device is installed on lathe, which includes supersonic generator and work ball.
Specifically, metal sample is installed in the rotation system output end of numerically controlled lathe, and ultrasonic burnishing device is installed in numerically controlled lathe
Auto feed system clamping end, work ball and metal sample centering.Preferably, metal sample is installed in numerically controlled lathe
On rotatable main shaft, to drive the rotation of metal sample by the rotation of main shaft, work ball is installed in numerical control lathe
Bed can be on the feed shaft of axial feed, to drive the axial feed of work ball by the movement of feed shaft.Preferably,
Before metal sample is mounted on main shaft, smart car processing is carried out to the surface to be treated of metal sample.
Next the method according to the present invention for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology includes starting
Ultrasonic wave is converted into the superaudible mechanical oscillation of work ball by supersonic generator, so as to pass through work ball to gold
Belong to sample and applies the different static pressures that radial gradient increases.Specifically, the amplitude and frequency of supersonic generator are adjusted, it can be with
Change the amplitude and frequency of the vibration of work ball.
The method according to the present invention that the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, be next included in
Under fixed technological parameter, the metal sample on numerically controlled lathe is rotated, and is pressed into the work ball of vibration with radial static pressure
Metal sample surface layer works at the same time ball and feeds along metal sample axis direction, so that work ball and metal-like condition
To rolling, to form the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or submicron order on metal sample.Its concrete operating principle includes:
The supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation for applying certain amplitude by work ball along metal sample surface normal direction, in centainly feeding condition
Under, static pressure and ultrasonic impact vibration are transmitted to the metal sample surface of rotation by work ball, are generated impact extrusion effect and are made gold
Belong to sample and generates significantly elastic-plastic deformation.Due to work ball nearly ultrasound suspending, work ball metal sample surface from
By the compound action rolled and dynamic impulsion contacts, nearly " no friction " impact for realizing work ball and metal sample surface is rolled
Pressure effect, reduces the scuffing to metal sample surface.
Preferably, work ball superaudible mechanical oscillation amplitude be 12-14 μm, the too low then plasticity layer depth of amplitude
Smaller, amplitude is excessively high, and sample surface layer is easy to be ground by work ball when ultrasonic burnishing is processed.
Preferably, the vibration frequency of ball of working is 17.5-18.8kHz, and ultrasound does not occur for the underfrequency ball that then works
Frequency mechanical oscillation, frequency is excessively high, and the supersonic frequency mechanical oscillation for the ball that works are unstable.
Preferably, the feed speed of feed shaft is 5-15mm/min.In a preferred embodiment, the feeding of feed shaft
Speed is 10mm/min.
Preferably, the metal compared to the revolving speed of the 300r/min in SMGT technology, in UADR technology according to the present invention
The revolving speed of sample is 240-260r/min, and revolving speed is excessively high, and sample surface layer is easy to be ground by work ball, the too low then sample of revolving speed
Plastic Deformation of Surface Layer degree is lower, is not easy to form the multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or Ultra-fine Grained scale.It is preferred real at one
It applies in example, the revolving speed of metal sample is 250r/min.
Preferably, plastic deformation degree is adjusted by control depression depths compared in SMGT technology, it is according to the present invention
UADR technology adjusts plastic deformation degree by control static pressure, and preferred static pressure value range is 100-200N；Rolling
Pass is 20-40 times, and the too low then sample Plastic Deformation of Surface Layer degree of pass is lower, and the rolling excessively high then sample surface layer of pass is easy quilt
Work ball grinding.In a preferred embodiment, static pressure is followed successively by 120N, 135N, 150N, 165N, 180N.It is preferred that
Ground, since 120N, every kind of static pressure from one end of metal sample to other end repeat rolling 3 times, then apply 135N power it is same
Sample repeat rolling 3 times, and so on, until 180N.
Preferably, in ultrasonic burnishing treatment process, lubricating oil is added dropwise constantly to be cooled down and be lubricated.
The method according to the present invention for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, may additionally include optics
The plasticity layer depth on microscopically observation metal sample surface layer, metal sample surface layer is then observed under transmission electron microscope is
It is no to have heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure.If plasticity layer depth is lower than setting numerical value and/or does not form heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure, adjust
Technological parameter, the step of returning to work ball indentation metal sample surface layer and fed along metal sample axial direction.It is excellent at one
In the embodiment of choosing, one section of metal sample is cut with wire cutting method, observes the metallographic group of its cross section under an optical microscope
It knits, microscopic structure is as shown in Figure 2.The structure on surface layer is seriously refined, and plasticity layer depth is about 340 μm.In distance
In the region of the 40 μm of depths in surface layer, observation forms typical nano ply structure (i.e. heterogeneous synusia under transmission electron microscope
Structure), as shown in figure 3, the structure is typically characterised by the straight lamellar boundary being parallel to each other, synusia is elongated along shear direction.
It can be seen that the multi-layer sheet structure of Ultra-fine Grained grade, plasticity layer depth can be prepared on metal sample using ultrasonic burnishing technology
It is larger.
Above-described, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the range being not intended to limit the invention, of the invention is upper
Stating embodiment can also make a variety of changes.Made by i.e. all claims applied according to the present invention and description
Simply, equivalent changes and modifications fall within the claims of the invention patent.The not detailed description of the present invention is
Routine techniques content.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal based on ultrasonic burnishing technology, which is characterized in that this method includes step
It is rapid:
Metal sample, is installed on the rotation system output end of numerically controlled lathe by S1, and ultrasonic burnishing device is installed on numerically controlled lathe
Auto feed system clamping end so that the work ball of ultrasonic burnishing device and metal sample centering；
Ultrasonic wave is converted into the superaudible mechanical vibration of work ball by S2, the supersonic generator for starting ultrasonic burnishing device
It is dynamic；
S3 rotates the metal sample on numerically controlled lathe, and the work ball of vibration is made to press radially into metal sample with static pressure
Surface layer works at the same time ball and feeds along metal sample axis direction, so that work ball and metal sample relative rolling, from
And the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of nanoscale or submicron order is formed on metal sample.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, metal sample is installed in numerical control
The rotation of metal sample is driven on the rotatable main shaft of lathe by the rotation of main shaft, work ball is installed in numerical control
The axial feed that can drive work ball on the feed shaft of axial feed with the movement by feed shaft of lathe.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, work ball applies metal sample
Add the different static pressures of radial increase.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein static pressure is 100-200N.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the revolving speed of metal sample is 240-260r/min.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the feed speed of feed shaft is 5-15mm/min.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude of the superaudible mechanical oscillation of work ball is
12-14μm。
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein metal sample is nickel, titanium, aluminium, iron, copper or their conjunction
Gold.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein metal sample is metal rod-like samples.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein before metal sample is installed on numerically controlled lathe, to gold
Belong to sample and is treated with heat such that crystal grain homogenizes.
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