CN101219512A - Ultrasonic executing agency and processing method for plane ultrasonic surface rolling - Google Patents
Ultrasonic executing agency and processing method for plane ultrasonic surface rolling Download PDFInfo
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- CN101219512A CN101219512A CNA2008100521978A CN200810052197A CN101219512A CN 101219512 A CN101219512 A CN 101219512A CN A2008100521978 A CNA2008100521978 A CN A2008100521978A CN 200810052197 A CN200810052197 A CN 200810052197A CN 101219512 A CN101219512 A CN 101219512A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic executive mechanism used for planar ultrasonic burnishing processing and a processing method thereof. The ultrasonic executive mechanism comprises a shell, an energy converter in the shell, a force application component at the rear part of the energy converter and an amplitude variable rod which is connected with the front end of the energy converter and provided with a rolling column working head. The ultrasonic executive mechanism comprises full-wave amplitude and semi-wave amplitude, the axial cross section of the amplitude variable rod takes the shape of a frustum, steps or a combination shape of the frustum and the steps. The processing method of the invention comprises the steps that the column working head of the ultrasonic executive mechanism is placed on the surface of a working piece to be processed, and is driven to move relatively to the surface of the working piece transversely and horizontally, the reciprocating feed rate of the working piece is 1-15m/min, the feed amount of the executive mechanism is 0.1-2mm/min, the static pressure thereof is 50-500N and the amplitude of the column working head output end is 5-25 micron meters. The method by adopting the reciprocating working with the combination of impact energy and static burnishing can easily have the desired surface of the working piece to be smooth, have wide application, and a few limitations.
Description
[technical field]: the invention belongs to field of metal surface treatment technology, relate to a kind of plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method.
[background technology]: as a kind of surface modification new method, ultrasonic surface rolling processing is designed to rotatable spheroid or cylinder with processing head, the nanometer layer structure that the nature transition is arranged at rotary type component of machine surface preparation one deck and matrix, and obtain the nanoscale surface smoothness simultaneously, thereby improve its antifatigue, wearing and tearing and decay resistance, guarantee that mechanized equipment moves reliable and securely, prolong its effective service life, prevent its premature failure.
Because the own characteristic of ultrasonic surface rolling processing, present processing object only limits to rotary structure and parts, and application is severely limited.Planar structure is one of modal structure in all frame for movements and the parts, and planar structure is arrived in the application of ultrasonic surface rolling processing method, has important economy and practical value, and broad prospect of application is arranged.
[summary of the invention]: the objective of the invention is to solve that existing ultrasonic surface rolling process technology is only applicable to revolving body and the problem that is not suitable for the planar structure parts, provide a kind of plane ultrasonic rolling and processing with ultrasonic executing and processing method.
Plane ultrasonic rolling and processing ultrasonic executing provided by the invention, comprise a housing, transducer is installed in the housing, is provided with force application part between transducer rear portion and the housing, the transducer front end connects the luffing bar that rotatable cylinder working head is installed on it.
Described executing agency comprises the microscler formula of all-wave, and promptly half-wavelength luffing bar adds half-wavelength transducer and half-wavelength form, and promptly 1/4 wavelength luffing bar adds 1/4 wavelength transducer.
The axial cross section of luffing bar is taper type, stairstepping or the combination shape of the two.
Transducer is flexible transducer of magnetic hysteresis or piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
Described force application part is spring or compressed air.
A kind of plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method that adopts above-mentioned ultrasonic executing, the step that it is characterized in that this method is: the cylinder working head of ultrasonic executing is placed pending surface of the work, make and carry out horizontal and vertical relatively moving between the two, operating condition is: workpiece reciprocating feed speed should be located in the scope of 1～15m/min, executing agency's amount of feeding is located in the scope of 0.1～2mm/min, processing comes and goes number of times 1～15 time, executing agency's static pressure is 50～500N, the cylinder working head output amplitude of ultrasonic executing is in 5～25 microns scope.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
Clamping and the aspect factor such as feeding of the inventive method by changing executing agency's mode of action and test specimen, make this method can be used in the processing of planar structure, more alternative expensive processing methods and some are difficult to obtain the method for satisfied surface quality, give full play to the effect of this technology aspect frame for movement and component surface processing.
This method is compared with other plane process technology (ultrasonic shot peening, grinding etc.), has following advantage:
(1) this method adopts the reciprocating mode that impact energy and static load roll extrusion combine, and is characterized in that active force is divergent shape at material surface, can be radiated the tissue of all directions.This makes degree of grain refinement apart from the same degree of depth of top layer immediate area than other surperficial intense plastic strain (S
2PD) mode is even more serious and even, and obtains desirable surface smoothness level easily.
(2) after the plane ultrasonic rolling and processing, sample surfaces can form the amorphous nano crystal layer of about hundred micron thickness.Compare with traditional material, the amorphous nano crystal layer has high strength, high rigidity, high ductibility and toughness and excellent performances such as wear-resisting and corrosion resistance, and this amorphous nano crystal layer with study at present that amorphous nanocrystalline coating is (different according to the preparation method widely, thickness is several microns to hundreds of microns) compare, do not have obvious boundary with matrix, can not produce stripping layer or separate and have more practicality.
(3) the material for test cementation zone is darker, introduces bigger compressive residual stress value and darker compressive residual stress influence layer simultaneously, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of test specimen to a greater extent.
(4), can select high-power, ladder-frustum-notch cuttype plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method for the test specimen of high strength material; For small space or specific position, can select half-wavelength plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method for use.This method is applied widely, and is limited few.
[description of drawings]:
Flat part work stereogram is handled in the roll extrusion of Fig. 1 plane ultrasonic;
Flat part work schematic diagram (piezoelectric ceramic type transducer) is handled in the roll extrusion of Fig. 2 plane ultrasonic;
Small box body inwall work schematic diagram is handled in the roll extrusion of Fig. 3 half-wavelength plane ultrasonic;
Long or the ultrasonic rolling and processing of the half-wavelength high-power planar executing agency of Fig. 4 all-wave;
Long or the half-wavelength ladder-frustum-notch cuttype plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency of Fig. 5 all-wave;
Fig. 6 plane ultrasonic rolling and processing local detail schematic diagram;
Dull and stereotyped top layer TEM bright field image of Fig. 7 plane ultrasonic rolling and processing 40Cr and SEAD style;
The metallograph of Fig. 8 plane ultrasonic rolling and processing 40Cr planar surface plastic flow layer.
Above institute drawings attached all is example with the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and wherein each form all can be changed to the flexible transducer of corresponding magnetic hysteresis.
Wherein, 1 represents workpiece to be machined, 2 represent plane ultrasonic rolling and processing ultrasonic executing, 3 representatives flat board to be processed, 4 represent rolling cylinder working head, 5 represent half-wavelength luffing bar, 6 represent the half-wavelength piezoelectric ceramic transducer, 7 represent spring or static pressure that compressed air is executed, and 8 represent supersonic generator, and 9 represent spring or static pressure that compressed air is executed, 10 represent 1/4 wavelength piezoelectric ceramic transducer, 11 represent 1/4 wavelength luffing bar, and 12 represent the cylinder working head, and 13 represent the small box body inwall, 14 represent spring or static pressure that compressed air is executed, 15 represent high-power half wavelength or 1/4 wavelength transducer, and 16 represent high-power half wavelength or 1/4 wavelength luffing bar, and 17 represent the cylinder working head, 18 represent spring or static pressure that compressed air is executed, 19 represent half-wavelength or 1/4 wavelength transducer, and 20 represent half-wavelength or 1/4 wavelength ladder-frustum-ladder luffing bar, and 21 represent the cylinder working head.
[specific embodiment]:
As Figure 1-3, plane ultrasonic rolling and processing treating apparatus is made up of processing power source (being supersonic generator) and ultrasonic executing two parts provided by the invention.Wherein the design of working head is an original creation part of the present invention.
Adopt half word or totally digitilized supersonic generator, its effect is that industrial-frequency alternating current is converted to the supersonic frequency vibration, to supply with executing agency's energy; Executing agency comprises two kinds of forms of long (half-wavelength luffing bar+half-wavelength transducer) and the half-wavelength (1/4 wavelength luffing bar+1/4 wavelength transducer) of all-wave.Adopt flexible transducer of half-wavelength (or 1/4 wavelength) magnetic hysteresis or half-wavelength (or 1/4 wavelength) piezoelectric ceramic transducer, its effect is to convert the high-frequency electrical oscillator signal to mechanical oscillation; The effect of half-wavelength (or 1/4 wavelength) luffing bar is to amplify the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration that transducer obtained, to satisfy the needs of Ultrasonic machining; Most importantly designed rotatable cylinder working head, the end cylinder has been selected the unlike material making respectively for use, and designed a series of different diameters, can select according to factors such as test specimen soft or hard degree to be processed, working position size, surface quality requirement and production efficiencys.In addition, provide static pressure at available spring in the bottom of executing agency or compressed air for process, compressed air can also play the effect of cooling device.
Except that the standard executing agency shown in Fig. 1～3, the present invention has also designed numerous embodiments: 1) long, the half-wavelength plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency of high-power all-wave; 2) long, the half-wavelength plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency of ladder-frustum-notch cuttype all-wave.
Be that example specifies with piezoelectric ceramic transducer plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency below, magnetostrictive transducer plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency is similar to its principle, does not exist together and will illustrate separately for principle.
1) long, the half-wavelength plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency of high-power all-wave.
The piezoelectric ceramic piece of transducer portion is made of the even number sheet, and therefore the sheet number of pottery can effectively improve power output 50%～300% from 2 to 12, and executing agency's overall weight only increases by 10%～30%.See Fig. 4 for details.For magnetostrictive transducer executing agency, the raising of its power output realizes by the mode that increase driving magnetic field intensity promptly increases drive current.
2) long, the half-wavelength plane ultrasonic rolling and processing executing agency of ladder-frustum-notch cuttype all-wave.
Single tapering shape luffing bar exists shortcomings such as the relatively little or form factor of amplification coefficient is little, and single horn,stepped is concentrated owing to the stress that the interface exists sudden change to cause, self also can produce a series of problems such as fatigue during use, therefore this programme has designed brand-new luffing bar, adopt ladder-frustum-notch cuttype transition, effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon that the interface sudden change causes, guaranteed bigger amplification coefficient simultaneously.Concrete form is seen Fig. 5.
Use plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method to come the corresponding technological parameter of comprehensive selection and working head material and size according to the factors such as material, surface quality requirement and production efficiency of material to be processed.For the component of machine that guarantees after processing, can obtain to have the sufficient size precision, also need when roughing, consider to reserve certain extruding allowance.In addition, should reduce the friction between working head and the workpiece to be machined according to the lubricating fluid of the different choice correspondence of rapidoprint.Ultrasonic executing of the present invention is installed on the operation when handling workpiece planarization on the lathe:
1) workpiece reciprocating feed speed should be located in the scope of 1～15m/min, and lower reciprocating feed speed obtains surface quality preferably easily;
2) executing agency's lateral feed is located in the scope about 0.1～2mm/min, and lower traverse feed obtains surface quality preferably easily;
3) the round number of times of processing is generally 1～15 time, repeats to add trade union and deepens nano surface layer depth and degree of grain refinement, but process surface quality and the working (machining) efficiency that number of times too much can influence workpiece;
4) executing agency's static pressure is 50～500N, and bigger static pressure can be deepened nano surface layer depth and degree of grain refinement, but static pressure is crossed the surface quality that conference influences workpiece;
5) a plane ultrasonic rolling and processing work of treatment output amplitude is generally in 5～25 microns the scope.
The selection of working head type and corresponding size:
For hard metal material manufacturing mechanical components such as steel or titanium alloy and cast iron, nickel base superalloys, plane ultrasonic rolling and processing process should be selected the less relatively cylinder working head of diameter for use, and is general in the scope of 2～10mm.The processing head material generally should be carbide alloy, can use the higher material of hardness if wish to obtain better effect, as various potteries (comprising metallized ceramic), diamond, amorphous alloy etc., the easy more enforcement of the high more then nanometer processing processing procedure of working head hardness.
For the component of machine that aluminium, copper alloy, magnesium alloy etc. are made than softer metals, plane ultrasonic rolling and processing processing procedure should be selected the relatively large cylinder working head of diameter for use, and is general in the scope of 10～20mm.The processing head material generally should be tool steel or carbide alloy.
Concrete processing instance
Example 1
The quenched and tempered state 40Cr cabinet wall (thick 20mm) of 500mm * 500mm * 300mm carries out surface treatment with plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method to it, and important technological parameters is as follows:
Workpiece reciprocating feed speed is 2m/min; The working head lateral feed is 0.2mm/min; Static pressure 300N; Process 3 times; Select for use oil-in-water type coolant as lubricating fluid; Working head is selected Hardmetal materials for use, and the roller diameter is 10mm; Working head output ultrasonic amplitude is 10 microns.
Experimental result: as shown in Figure 7, after the plane ultrasonic rolling and processing, outermost surface crystal grain such as is at the axle shape, and average grain size is about 7nm, has compared grain refinement about 2000 times with original grain size (about 14 μ m); Handle back sample hardness and obviously increase, compare with the heart portion that microscopic structure does not change, case hardness improves about 1.7 times; Surface roughness Ra is 0.03, reduces about 100 times than handling the front surface roughness, and the surface forms the compressive residual stress of 815MPa.Wear-resisting contrast and experiment shows: compare with the polishing processed sample, the coefficient of friction that sample is handled in ultrasonic surface rolling nanometer processing obviously reduces, and wearing and tearing weight has only the former 1/6, and wear rate reduces by 100～500 times.
Example 2
The titanium alloy flat panel workpieces of 300mm * 200mm * 15mm is carried out surface treatment with plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method to it, and important technological parameters is as follows:
Workpiece reciprocating feed speed is 3m/min; The working head lateral feed is 0.2mm/min; Static pressure 500N; Process 3 times; Select for use oil-in-water type coolant as lubricating fluid; Working head is selected Hardmetal materials for use, and the roller diameter is 10mm; Working head output ultrasonic amplitude is 10 microns.
Experimental result: surface roughness Ra is 0.05; Produced the layer of residual compressive stress of about 1.5mm.
Example 3
400mm * 400mm * 30mm ZLD201A cast aluminium axle carries out surface treatment with plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method to it, and important technological parameters is as follows:
Workpiece reciprocating feed speed is 5m/min; The working head lateral feed is 0.5mm/min; Static pressure 50N; Process 2 times; Select for use oil-in-water type coolant as lubricating fluid; Working head is selected Hardmetal materials for use, and the roller diameter is 15mm; Working head output ultrasonic amplitude is 10 microns.
Experimental result: surface roughness Ra is 0.28; Produced the compressive stress layers of about 2.2mm.
Claims (6)
1. plane ultrasonic rolling and processing ultrasonic executing, it is characterized in that this ultrasonic executing comprises a housing, transducer is installed in the housing, be provided with force application part between transducer rear portion and the housing, the transducer front end connects the luffing bar that rotatable cylinder working head is installed on it.
2. ultrasonic executing according to claim 1 is characterized in that the axial cross section of luffing bar is taper type, stairstepping or the combination shape of the two.
3. ultrasonic executing according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described executing agency comprises the microscler formula of all-wave, and promptly half-wavelength luffing bar adds half-wavelength transducer and half-wavelength form, and promptly 1/4 wavelength luffing bar adds 1/4 wavelength transducer.
4. ultrasonic executing according to claim 3 is characterized in that described transducer is flexible transducer of magnetic hysteresis or piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
5. ultrasonic executing according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described force application part is spring or compressed air.
6. plane ultrasonic rolling and processing method that adopts the described ultrasonic executing of claim 1, the step that it is characterized in that this method is: the cylinder working head of ultrasonic executing is placed pending surface of the work, make and carry out horizontal and vertical relatively moving between the two, operating condition is: workpiece reciprocating feed speed should be located in the scope of 1～15m/min, executing agency's amount of feeding is located in the scope of 0.1～2mm/min, processing comes and goes number of times 1～15 time, executing agency's static pressure is 50～500N, the cylinder working head output amplitude of ultrasonic executing is in 5～25 microns scope.
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| CN102049651A (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-11 | 严方 | Impact rolling technology |
| CN102500994A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 泰州职业技术学院 | Single-excitation two-dimensional composite vibrating ultrasound deep rolling machining device |
| CN103302466A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-18 | 赵显华 | Metal surface ultrasonic machining device |
| CN104190832A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Ultrasonic vibrating thread rolling enhancing device |
| CN104483262A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 华侨大学 | Fretting friction testing machine for micro displacement achieved through ultrasonic vibration |
| CN104897494A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-09-09 | 华侨大学 | Optical surface scratch resistance testing apparatus capable of simulating multiple working conditions and application method thereof |
| CN105112645A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 南通大学 | Spiral-pressure type ultrasonic surface nanocrystallization device |
| CN105171334A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-23 | 邯郸市海拓机械科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface machining equipment |
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| CN109909142A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 上海骄成机电设备有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave transfer unit |
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| CN102049651A (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-11 | 严方 | Impact rolling technology |
| CN102500994A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 泰州职业技术学院 | Single-excitation two-dimensional composite vibrating ultrasound deep rolling machining device |
| CN103302466A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-18 | 赵显华 | Metal surface ultrasonic machining device |
| CN104190832A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Ultrasonic vibrating thread rolling enhancing device |
| CN104483262A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 华侨大学 | Fretting friction testing machine for micro displacement achieved through ultrasonic vibration |
| CN104897494A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-09-09 | 华侨大学 | Optical surface scratch resistance testing apparatus capable of simulating multiple working conditions and application method thereof |
| CN105171334A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-23 | 邯郸市海拓机械科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface machining equipment |
| CN105112645A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 南通大学 | Spiral-pressure type ultrasonic surface nanocrystallization device |
| DE102015120871A1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Machining apparatus and method for machining metallic workpieces |
| WO2017107832A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 山东华云机电科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic machining method for improving abradability of wheel of locomotive, and applications |
| CN107282944A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-24 | 刘宣 | The equipment that a kind of bracelet processes sand streak |
| CN105855792A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-17 | 吉林大学 | Ultrasonic surface rolling and pressing device with controllable time-varying static pressure |
| CN106346192A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-01-25 | 华东理工大学 | Ultrasonic rolling technique |
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| CN109909142A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 上海骄成机电设备有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave transfer unit |
| CN109822291A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-05-31 | 华东理工大学 | A method of the heterogeneous multi-layer sheet structure of metal is prepared based on ultrasonic burnishing technology |
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| CN111118269B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-01-14 | 北京理工大学 | Method for regulating and controlling microstructure of ultrasonic rolling surface layer |
| CN111118269A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-08 | 北京理工大学 | Method for regulating and controlling microstructure of ultrasonic rolling surface layer |
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| CN112593058A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-02 | 青岛理工大学 | Shaft part surface strengthening device capable of realizing constant pressure self-balance and machine tool |
| CN113073183A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 福州大学 | Surface modification vertical device and method based on ultrasonic rolling technology |
| CN113736967A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 燕山大学 | Method for strengthening inner surface of pipe fitting by ultrasonic-assisted rolling |
| CN114645229A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-21 | 华东理工大学 | Ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening method for optimizing surface performance of nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy |
| CN114769431A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 河南科技大学 | Dynamic fixing device for ultrasonic rolling extrusion rolling head |
| CN114769431B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2024-03-29 | 河南科技大学 | Dynamic fixing device for ultrasonic rolling extrusion rolling head |
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