CN106319028B - 用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒 - Google Patents

用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒 Download PDF

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CN106319028B
CN106319028B CN201611004328.6A CN201611004328A CN106319028B CN 106319028 B CN106319028 B CN 106319028B CN 201611004328 A CN201611004328 A CN 201611004328A CN 106319028 B CN106319028 B CN 106319028B
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王则宇
杨红云
杨森
刘志磊
秦磊
杨静
孙武举
付光宇
吴学伟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒,包括四种检测试剂:检测脯氨酸氨基肽酶活性用的酶底物为色原与L‑脯氨酸的结合物;检测亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性用的酶底物为色原与L‑亮氨酸的结合物;检测α‑葡萄糖苷酶活性用的酶底物为色原与α‑D‑葡萄糖苷的结合物;检测神经氨酸酶活性用的酶底物为色原与神经氨酸的结合物;色原为苯胺、萘胺、萘酚、吲哚酚及其衍生物。本发明通过干化学酶法检测支原体在生长过程中自身合成的酶或刺激寄主细胞产生的酶,达到检测鉴别解脲支原体和人型支原体的目的,具有快速,简便,准确等优点。

Description

用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒
技术领域
本发明涉及生物检测领域,尤其是涉及一种用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒。
背景技术
支原体是目前发现的最小、最简单的类似细菌但不具有细胞壁的原核微生物,是引起人类非淋病性尿道炎(NGU)、宫颈炎、盆腔炎、睾丸炎、附睾炎等疾患的主要病原菌之一,并可导致男女不孕不育,这些病原体能侵袭破坏泌尿生殖道粘膜上皮细胞,更容易引起其它继发性疾病感染。临床上引起性病的支原体主要为解脲支原体(UU)和人型支原体(MH)。近年来的调查统计表明,性病的发病率一直呈上升趋势,耐药性也随着抗生素的滥用日趋增加,严重危害着人类的健康。治疗及防止支原体传播的关键是快速有效的诊断。目前实验室检测支原体的主要方法为培养法和PCR法。1、培养法:支原体在生长过程中分解尿素或精氨酸,产生氨,培养基PH升高使其中的酚红指示剂由黄色变成清亮的玫瑰红色,从而可以通过颜色变化来判断是否感染支原体。但是由于支原体是介于细菌和病毒之间的一种微生物,生长条件苛刻,生长周期长,因此培养法检测需要24h-48h后才能判读结果,给患者带来很大不便,甚至耽误病情。另外,培养法需要将标本混入培养液后再加入药敏板,操作比较复杂。2、PCR法:用一对解脲支原体特异性引物和一条解脲支原体特异性荧光探针,配以PCR反应液、耐热DNA聚合酶、四种核苷酸单体等成分,用PCR体外扩增法定量检测解脲支原体DNA。PCR法是目前比较先进的技术,但由于PCR法样本需要洗涤,高温提取DNA等复杂过程,其对操作环境,操作人员的要求较高,并且需要大型仪器PCR仪,因此目前临床上不易实现。因此研发一种快速,简便,准确检测鉴定解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒是目前临床上亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种方便、准确的用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒。
为实现上述目的,本发明可采取下述技术方案:
本发明所述的用于检测解脲支原体和人型支原体的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、神经氨酸酶四种检测试剂,其中
检测脯氨酸氨基肽酶活性用的酶底物为色原与L-脯氨酸的结合物,所述脯氨酸氨基肽酶的反应体系pH为8.0-9.0;
检测亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性用的酶底物为色原与L-亮氨酸的结合物,所述亮氨酸氨基肽酶的反应体系pH为6.0-7.0;
检测α-葡萄糖苷酶活性用的酶底物为色原与α-D-葡萄糖苷的结合物,所述α-葡萄糖苷酶的反应体系pH为4.0-5.5;
检测神经氨酸酶活性用的酶底物为色原与神经氨酸的结合物,所述神经氨酸酶的反应体系pH为3.8-5.5;
所述的色原为苯胺、萘胺、萘酚、吲哚酚及其衍生物,如可以用对硝基苯胺、5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚、4-甲氧基-β-萘胺、α-萘酚、β-萘酚、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸、6-羟基-2-萘甲酸、1-萘酚-3,6-二磺酸、6-溴-2-萘酚、6-羟基-2-萘基二硫化物或4-羟基-1-萘磺酸等具有类似功能的基团。
所述试剂盒还包括支原体处理液和支原体终止液;支原体处理液为盐水、超纯水或pH6.5~7.5的缓冲液等,是一种用于将标本从试子、玻片等采集工具上涮洗下来并保证标本的主要成分不受破坏的溶液;支原体终止液为显色剂,与检测试剂的底物色原进行反应并呈现出一定颜色,如可以是固蓝B盐、肉桂醛、碘化铋钾等。
所述脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、神经氨酸酶四种检测试剂依次固定在固体载体上形成支原体鉴定卡,该鉴定卡可以是长方形、正方形等形状,在所述试剂盒内设置有支原体比色卡。所用的固体载体为棉浆纸、滤纸、玻璃纤维或塑料。
本发明通过干化学酶法检测支原体在生长过程中自身合成的酶或刺激寄主细胞产生的酶,达到检测鉴别解脲支原体和人型支原体的目的,具有快速,简便,准确等优点。本试剂盒检测支原体的灵敏度和特异性均较高,与现有同类检测试剂性能相近,可完全满足临床检测需要。同时与现有检测方法相比,采用本发明试剂盒可将检测时间从24~48h缩短到15~20min,且该方法操作极为简便,不需要特殊设备,免去了患者再次入院看结果的不便。由于对操作人员水平要求不高,不需要长时间的经验积累,易于推广普及。
具体实施方式
一、本发明试剂盒的制备。
1、支原体鉴定卡的制备
称量L-脯氨酸对硝基苯胺,用0.4M Tris-柠檬酸缓冲液(pH8.5)溶解,使其浓度达到1.5mg/ml,混合均匀,得到脯氨酸氨基肽酶检测试剂。将液体试剂按5ul/片加到6.0mm直径的圆纸片上,干燥过夜,即得脯氨酸氨基肽酶固载检测试纸。
称量L-亮氨酸对硝基苯胺,用0.2M NaH2PO4- Na2HPO4缓冲液(pH6.6)溶解,使其浓度达到2.0mg/ml,混合均匀,得到亮氨酸氨基肽酶检测试剂。将液体试剂按5ul/片加到6.0mm直径的圆纸片上,干燥过夜,即得亮氨酸氨基肽酶固载检测试纸。
称量5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚-α-D-葡萄糖苷,用含有0.6mg/ml固蓝B盐的0.4M Na2HPO4-柠檬酸缓冲液(pH4.2)溶解,使其浓度达到0.4mg/ml,混合均匀,得到α-葡萄糖苷酶检测试剂。将液体试剂按5ul/片加到6.0mm直径的圆纸片上,干燥过夜,即得α-葡萄糖苷酶固载检测试纸。
称量5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚-N-神经氨酸,用含有0.6mg/ml固蓝B盐的0.05M柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)等比例混合,使其浓度达到0.4mg/ml,混合均匀,得到神经氨酸酶检测试剂。将液体试剂按5ul/片加到6.0mm直径的圆纸片上,干燥过夜,即得神经氨酸酶固载检测试纸。
将以上四种检测试纸依次固定在扁壳形检测卡中,卡盖上对应四个检测试纸位置处开设四个加样孔,即可得到支原体鉴定卡。
2、称量8.5g氯化钠溶于1000ml超纯水中,混合均匀,即得支原体处理液。
3、称量30mg固蓝B溶于100ml超纯水中,混合均匀,即得支原体终止液。
4、支原体比色卡:根据临床研究数据,经过统计分析确定的用于比对确定检测标本阴性或阳性的标准卡片,卡片的材质可以为纸质,塑料。
二、本发明试剂盒的检测
将生殖道分泌物标本用处理液稀释后,分别取一滴(25~50ul)加在检测脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和神经氨酸酶的纸片上, 37℃条件下持续15分钟,在脯氨酸氨基肽酶纸片和亮氨酸氨基肽酶纸片上分别加入一滴(25-40ul)终止液,1~3min内对比比色卡读取各酶活性结果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
结论:当α-葡萄糖苷酶和脯氨酸氨基肽酶为阳性或α-葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶为阳性,则表明解脲支原体感染;
当神经氨酸酶阳性,则表明人型支原体感染。
三、临床检测统计
采集1000例标本(通过扩阴器,用无菌拭子采患者生殖道分泌物:郑州市妇幼保健院白带拭子,河南省人民医院宫颈拭子以及郑州大学第三附属医院尿道拭子),用处理液稀释后分别用培养法和本发明试剂盒检测解脲支原体和人型支原体,并留样进行PCR验证,人型支原体检测以培养法为金标准;解脲支原体检测结果与培养法对比,培养法和本发明检测方法检测结果不一致时通过PCR法进行鉴定。
检测结果:本发明试剂盒检测鉴别解脲支原体的灵敏度为84.5%,特异性为89%,检测鉴别人型支原体的灵敏度为85%,特异性为93%,证明本发明试剂盒完全可以满足临床检测需要。

Claims (3)

1.脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和神经氨酸酶的检测试剂在制备检测解脲支原体和人型支原体试剂盒中的应用,其特征在于:
检测脯氨酸氨基肽酶的检测试剂由色原与L-脯氨酸的结合物作为酶底物溶解于pH为8.0-9.0的缓冲液中制得;
检测亮氨酸氨基肽酶的检测试剂由色原与L-亮氨酸的结合物作为酶底物溶解于pH为6.0-7.0的缓冲液中制得;
检测α-葡萄糖苷酶的检测试剂由萘酚或吲哚酚与α-D-葡萄糖苷的结合物作为酶底物溶解于pH为4.0-5.5的含有固蓝B盐的缓冲液中制得;
检测神经氨酸酶的检测试剂由萘酚或吲哚酚与神经氨酸的结合物作为酶底物溶解于pH为3.8-5.5的含有固蓝B盐的缓冲液中制得;
所述的色原为苯胺或萘胺;
将脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和神经氨酸酶的四种检测试剂依次固定在固体载体上,干燥过夜,形成支原体鉴定卡;在所述试剂盒内设置有支原体比色卡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和神经氨酸酶的检测试剂在制备检测解脲支原体和人型支原体试剂盒中的应用,其特征在于:所述试剂盒还包括支原体处理液和支原体终止液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脯氨酸氨基肽酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和神经氨酸酶的检测试剂在制备检测解脲支原体和人型支原体试剂盒中的应用,其特征在于:所述支原体处理液为盐水、超纯水或pH 6.5~7.5的缓冲液;所述支原体终止液为显色剂。
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