CN106268887A - 一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4及其制备方法和应用,属于光催化领域。本发明的复合光催化剂是通过络合沉淀法合成的纳米材料,由硫化镉(CdS)和磷酸镧(LaPO4)双组分构成。本发明通过水热法制得CdS,再通过柠檬酸络合法合成CdS/LaPO4复合材料。本发明制得的光催化剂,表现出比空白CdS更高的可见光催化CO2还原的活性,拓宽了复合材料的应用范围,其制备方法简单易行,有利于在可见光CO2还原中大规模推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型材料制备和光催化CO2还原的技术领域,具体涉及一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着能源危机和温室效应等环境问题的日益严重,人类社会的可持续发展面临巨大挑战,如何有效地利用太阳能来实现二氧化碳的固定及转化己引起世界各国的广泛关注。近年来,半导体光催化技术因在二氧化碳的固定及转化方面的重要应用前景,而受到众多领域科学工作者的广泛关注,但由于传统的TiO2基光催化剂存在量子效率低和太阳能利用率低等缺点,制约了光催化技术的实际应用,因而新型高效光催化剂的成功开发设计是利用太阳能实现二氧化碳固定及转化的关键技术之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4及其制备方法和应用,制备方法简单易行、不需要复杂昂贵的设备、合成条件温和,有利于推广;应用于可见光催化CO2还原,具有比CdS更高的催化性能,同时拓宽了LaPO4的光谱响应范围。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种复合光催化剂,由硫化镉和磷酸镧构成的复合材料CdS/LaPO4;其中硫化镉的摩尔百分数为:20~80%。
制备方法是采用两步法,具体步骤如下:
(1)水热法制备CdS
将作为镉源的化合物固体溶于溶剂中得到镉源溶液;将硫源的化合物溶于溶剂中制得硫源溶液;在镉源溶液中边搅拌边滴加硫源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌30~180分钟,再移入高压反应釜中90~240℃恒温12~24小时,所得沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到黄色的CdS粉末。
(2)络合沉淀法制备CdS/LaPO4
将镧盐配成镧源溶液;将磷酸或磷酸盐配成磷源溶液;将步骤(1)制得的CdS分散于去离子水中,搅拌下加入柠檬酸,水浴加热40-60℃,恒温下搅拌0.5~3 h,自然冷却至室温,加入镧源溶液,搅拌0.5~3 h,再逐滴加入磷源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌0.5~3 h,离心分离,沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃真空干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到CdS/LaPO4粉末。
步骤(1)中所述的镉源是硝酸镉、醋酸镉、氯化镉中的一种,所述的硫源是硫脲、硫代乙酰胺、硫化镉中的一种,所述的溶剂是水、乙二醇,乙二胺中的一种,所述的镉源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L,所述的硫源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L;步骤(2)中所述的镧源是硝酸镧、氯化镧中的一种,所述的磷源是磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钠中的一种,所述的镧源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L,所述的磷源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L,所述的柠檬酸用量为10-1000mg。
步骤(1)中所述的镉源与硫源的摩尔比为0.1~3∶1;步骤(2)所述的镧源与CdS的摩尔比为0.1~5∶1。
所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4应用于可见光催化CO2还原。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明提供的方法不用带压操作,不用高温焙烧,利用柠檬酸的络合性合成CdS纳米棒表面生长LaPO4三维球结构的复合物,节省了能耗、材料和装置的费用,还具有操作简便的优点,有利于大规模推广。
(2)本发明首次提供了一种CdS/LaPO4二元光催化剂,能将太阳能转换为化学能,能在可见光下实现高效CO2还原,具有电荷分离效率高、催化活性和稳定性好的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中CdS/LaPO4的X射线衍射图。
图2是本发明实施例1中CdS/LaPO4的扫描电镜图。
图3是本发明实施例1中CdS/LaPO4作为催化剂光催化CO2还原的活性图。
具体实施方式
本发明的光催化剂是CdS/LaPO4复合光催化剂,应用于可见光催化CO2还原。
该光催化剂的制备方法为两步法;
具体步骤如下:
水热法制CdS:镉盐溶于乙二胺中制得浓度为0.1~2mol/L的镉源溶液;硫盐溶于乙二胺中制得浓度为0.1~2 mol/L的硫源溶液;在镉源溶液中边搅拌边滴加硫源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌30~180分钟,再移入高压反应釜中90~240℃恒温12~24小时,所得沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到黄色的CdS粉末;所述的镉源与硫源的摩尔比为0.1~3∶1;所述的搅拌是磁力搅拌,搅拌速度为400~1000 rad/min。
络合沉淀法制备CdS/LaPO4:将镧盐溶于去离子水中制得浓度为0.1~2mol/L镧源溶液;将磷酸或磷酸盐溶于去离子水中制得浓度为0.1~2mol/L磷源溶液;将制得的CdS分散于去离子水中,搅拌下加入柠檬酸,水浴加热至40-60℃,恒温下搅拌0.5~3 h,自然冷却至室温,加入镧源溶液,搅拌0.5~3 h,再逐滴加入磷源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌0.5~3 h,离心分离,沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃真空干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到CdS/LaPO4粉末;所述的镧源与CdS的摩尔比为0.1~5∶1。
实施例1 复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的制备
分别称取2.78gCd(NO3)2·4H2O和2.05g硫脲溶于80mL乙二胺当中,搅拌30min,转移到100mL高压反应釜中200℃水热12h,冷却至室温,离心清洗,80 ℃真空干燥12 h,得到CdS;称取0.204 g CdS超声分散于100 mL水中,加入50mg柠檬酸,水浴加热到40℃保温2h,冷却至室温,边搅拌边加入0.1 mol/L La(NO3)3 溶液50 mL,继续搅拌2h,冷却至室温、离心洗涤,80℃干燥12h,得到CdS/LaPO4。
图1为本实施例制备材料的X射线衍射图,从图中可以看出,制备的CdS为六方晶型CdS(JCPDS:77-2306),制备的LaPO4为六方晶型LaPO4(JCPDS: 04-0635),CdS/LaPO4复合样品同时出现LaPO4和CdS的特征衍射峰。
图2是本发明中实施案例1制备CdS/LaPO4样品的扫描电镜图。从图中可看到直径约为20-30 nm的CdS纳米棒,以及均匀生长在CdS纳米棒表面的直径约为500nm的LaPO4三维球。
实施例2 复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4光催化CO2还原
将实施例1制得的CdS/LaPO4复合材料用作光催化剂还原CO2,反应是在一个常压密闭的体积为100 mL的圆柱形玻璃反应器进行的,采用300W氙灯作为光源(加420nm的滤光片),称取20 mg样品于反应器中,然后加入3 mL 水、2 mL乙腈、1 mL 三乙醇胺、15mg联吡啶钴,并通过磁力搅拌器搅拌均匀。用机械泵将体系抽真空,然后充入高纯CO2,吸附平衡30 min后开灯。反应产生的气相产物通过气体进样针手动打入色谱进样口,由气相色谱检测分析。
图3为本发明实施例1制备样品在实施例2体系中二氧化碳还原的活性图,在该体系下,LaPO4没有表现出光催化CO2还原活性,CdS和CdS/LaPO4复合样品能催化还原CO2,主要还原产物为CO和H2,经过3小时光照,CdS/LaPO4样品的CO和H2产量分别为96µmol和23µmol,其中CO产量约为空白CdS样品的2.2倍。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4,其特征在于:由硫化镉和磷酸镧双组分构成的复合材料CdS/LaPO4;其中硫化镉的摩尔百分数为:20~80%。
2.一种制备如权利要求1所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的方法,其特征在于:先采用水热法合成CdS纳米棒,再以络合沉淀法合成CdS/LaPO4复合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)水热法制备CdS纳米棒
将镉盐化合物溶于溶剂中得到镉源溶液;将硫源化合物溶于溶剂中制得硫源溶液;向镉源溶液中边搅拌边滴加硫源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌30~180分钟,再移入高压反应釜中90~240℃恒温12~24小时,所得沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到黄色的CdS粉末;
(2)络合沉淀法制备CdS/LaPO4
将镧盐配成镧源溶液;将磷酸或磷酸盐配成磷源溶液;将步骤(1)制得的CdS分散于去离子水中,搅拌下加入柠檬酸,再水浴加热至40-80℃,恒温下搅拌0.5~3 h,自然冷却至室温,加入镧源溶液,搅拌0.5~3 h,再逐滴加入磷源溶液,滴加完后继续搅拌0.5~3 h,离心分离,沉淀用水和乙醇离心洗涤,至总的离子浓度<10ppm,40~120℃真空干燥6~24小时,研磨,得到CdS/LaPO4粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的镉源是硝酸镉、醋酸镉、氯化镉中的一种,所述的硫源是硫脲、硫代乙酰胺、硫化镉中的一种,所述的溶剂是水、乙二醇,乙二胺中的一种,所述的镉源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L,所述的硫源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L;步骤(2)中所述的镧源是硝酸镧、氯化镧中的一种,所述的磷源是磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钠中的一种,所述的镧源溶液的浓度为0.1~2mol/L,所述的磷源溶液的浓度为0.1~2 mol/L,所述的柠檬酸用量为10-1000 mg。
5.根据权利要求3所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的镉源与硫源的摩尔比为0.1~3∶1;步骤(2)所述的镧源与CdS的摩尔比为0.1~5∶1。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4的应用,其特征在于:所述的复合光催化剂CdS/LaPO4应用于可见光催化CO2还原。
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CN110670075A (zh) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-10 | 莫林祥 | 一种La2O3-CdS光致阴极保护性能的光阳极复合材料 |
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CN113562760A (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-29 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种不同相态CdS纳米材料的相态可控制备方法及应用 |
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