CN106258422A

CN106258422A - A kind of organic cultivation method of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation

Info

Publication number: CN106258422A
Application number: CN201610675291.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖光辉
Original assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Current assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Priority date: 2016-08-16
Filing date: 2016-08-16
Publication date: 2017-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation, relate to rotation cropping technical field.Comprise the following steps: (1) sets up organic farming production base；(2) the applicable local cultivation including miscellaneous No. 6 of Hunan, miscellaneous No. 9 of Hunan, Zhejiang eggplant No. 1 and the Mid-late ripening Eggplant Varieties of the market demand are selected；(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: more summer Fructus Solani melongenae vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years；(4) rotation cropping of organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic vegetable broad bean, organic early rice and organic Corm Eleocharitis is carried out according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.This rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method has good society, economy and ecological benefits, and its practicality, with workable, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

Description

A kind of organic cultivation method of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to the organic farming side of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation Method.

Background technology

First organic agriculture was proposed by European countries the twenties in 20th century, through practice and the development of decades, progressively Paid attention to by national governments.Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", There is wide market prospect.Organic farm products is pure natural, pollution-free, the food of safe nutrition, also referred to as " ecological food Product ", it is to produce according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and passes through Organic Food Attestation The agricultural product of agency qualification.Organic farming must produce according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, To ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.In recent years, organic agriculture is raw owing to having complied with improvement agricultural State environment, the world trends of the production pollution-free Organic food of high-quality, so Organic Farming is rapid, organic farming is increasingly subject to Paying attention to, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging rising industry, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.Development high-quality The production of the agricultural product such as organic Fructus Solani melongenae, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can be that consumer's physical and mental health carries For ensureing.

Fructus Solani melongenae (Solanum melongena L.) is Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, and the torrid zone is planted for perennial shrub Thing.Fructus Solani melongenae originates in Tropical Asian, originates in India, Christian era 4～5th century incoming China the earliest.Fructus Solani melongenae is edible with young tender fruit, is Homely vegetable the most common on dining table, cultivates one of widest vegetable for various places, China north and south, is the main of summer and autumn Vegetable.Fructus Solani melongenae nutritious, becomes containing the multiple nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and calcium, phosphorus, ferrum Point.Containing abundant vitamin E and Citrin in the epidermis of purple skin Fructus Solani melongenae, protection cardiovascular, delaying human body caducity had weight Act on.Citrin can make blood vessel wall keep elastic and physiological function, preventing hardening and ruptures, helping so often eating Fructus Solani melongenae In preventing and treating hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and purpura hemorrhagica.Fructus Solani melongenae contains solanine, can suppress digestive system tumor Propagation, has certain effect for preventing and treating gastric cancer.Additionally, Fructus Solani melongenae is also prevented and treated vitamin C deficiency and promotes effect of wound healing.Fructus Solani melongenae Belong to the food of cold and cool character, eat summer and contribute to clearing away summer-heat.Fructus Solani melongenae is long at China's cultivation history, whole nation Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation Area about more than 300 ten thousand mu, has highly important status, so Fructus Solani melongenae is in China's vegetable basket project in vegetable production and supply Construction plays an important role.Fructus Solani melongenae is warm season vegetable, is weak to frost, and its growth promoter requires warm weather, stronger Illumination and good ventilation condition, its strong adaptability, trophophase is long, and the supply phase of gathering is long, and yield is high, profitable, in the Changjiang river Interval sowing, the cultivation of mating protection ground are passed through in Lower Reaches, can carry out annually cultivating supply.But Fructus Solani melongenae happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness Fertile, be afraid of flood, the low temperature overcast and rainy day widow in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring easily causes fallen flowers according to weather, and the best fruiting period, rich water was under-supply or meet Also being susceptible to fallen flowers phenomenon when high temperature and drought, rainy wet weather, trophophase requires repeatedly to topdress to ensure that fruiting period is long And high yield, and pest and disease damage harm is serious under the conditions of unfavourable weather, so it is more to generally use chemical fertilizer, pesticide during cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae And be unable to reach the requirement of organic farming, therefore the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae is little at present.Fructus Solani melongenae organise cultivation technique (Hu Haijiao, Bag high come, Mao Weihai, etc. Shanghai vegetable, 2016 (2): 24-25) contribution be, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae；It lacks Be trapped in, be not set up rational rotation system, and Fructus Solani melongenae be weak to continuous cropping, organic cultivation when carrying out organic farming, must be initially set up Training production base, if plant Fructus Solani melongenae in same plot year after year, on the one hand can cause pathogen to accumulate, and causes the soil such as bacterial wilt to pass Sexually transmitted disease (STD) evil is serious；On the other hand absorbing identical nutrient substance in close soil layer due to root system, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack Some element weary and make soil physical and chemical property deteriorate, is susceptible to continuous cropping obstacle.Typically require due to Fructus Solani melongenae to carry out 2～3 years with On crop rotation or rice field-upland field rotation, above-mentioned Fructus Solani melongenae organic cultivation method is difficult to apply in actual production or be difficult to be truly realized organic Cultivation.Therefore, the rotation plan fertilizing soil that must formulate science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming and the disease pest reduced in soil are carried out Evil radix, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle.

Semen Viciae fabae (Vicia faba) be again HUDOU, Buddhist bean etc., is a kind of high starch, low fat, high protein crop, containing rich Rich vitamin B₂And the several amino acids of mineral calcium, phosphorus, ferrum and needed by human, especially contain regulation brain and nerve Important component calcium, zinc, manganese, phospholipid and the abundant choline of tissue, has the brain strengthening function of hypermnesis, can promote skeleton Growth promoter, moreover it is possible to treatment hypertension and edema, there is antitumaous effect.So Semen Viciae fabae vegetable, grain that to be China important, raising Material and green manure dual-purpose crop.Semen Viciae fabae all can be planted in national most of provinces, and the Yangtze river basin and the Changjiang river areas to the south are with the autumn sowing winter It is main for planting, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang etc. save as Main Cultivation area.Vegetable broad bean refers to haricot of gathering The big grain type Semen Viciae fabae that stripping grain eats as vegetable, vegetable broad bean is as a kind of delicious vegetables in season in spring, and it is rich in vitamin, Liked by more and more people, have been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people, enrich the dining table of people, so vegetable broad bean Wide market.Semen Viciae fabae has stronger tolerance to cold, is the elite crop of development winter kind production, and Semen Viciae fabae root has root nodule bacteria solid Nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, easily become thoroughly decomposed, be important green manure, Semen Viciae fabae gather haricot listing eat raw as vegetable, not only economic benefit Good, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early.Green manure is made in the Semen Viciae fabae straw green manuring after haricot of gathering, and is High-quality fertilizer, beneficially fertilizing soil, increase soil fertility.Semen Viciae fabae planted in fall Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, sick Insect pest occurs few, and cultivation management is the easiest, low cost, and planting benefit is good.But Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria are suitably at neutral or micro-alkali Property soil in movable, if planted for many years on plot continuously, the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity Increase the weight of, affect the breeding activity of root nodule bacteria and soil microorganism, if Semen Viciae fabae carries out efficent rotation with Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L. etc., then have There are good economy, society and ecological benefits.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryza sativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also to carry out floods and droughts with vegetables such as Fructus Solani melongenaes Crop rotation and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of organic rice has multiple at present (see: Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63；A kind of high yield has The production method of machine rice, CN 103733929 B；The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN 103250606 B), but mostly because of Do not use scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer the most in various degree is not enough and long potential difference, yield poorly, The problem of Pest organism harm weight.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent Preventing and treating, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, passes through rice field despite the use of The methods such as duck culturing, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fish control the generation of field insect pest, have employed Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, plant insecticide prevention The multiple method such as spray and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage cannot The problem controlled, thus cause Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary implementation section Learn rational crop rotation, particularly carry out rice field-upland field rotation.Fructus Solani melongenae carries out rice field-upland field rotation with Oryza sativa L., not only contributes to improve the soil in rice field Earth physicochemical character, increases fertility of land and fertilizer efficiency, and can effectively suppress the diseases such as Fructus Solani melongenae bacterial wilt, anthrax, epidemic disease, reduces disease pest Crop smothering occurs, moreover it is possible to improves rice yield and significantly improves economic benefit, having significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharis dulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belongs to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, is shallow Aqueous perennial root herbaceous plant, makees fruit or vegetable with underground bulb and eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or Make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has a good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing heat from blood Removing toxic substances, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, and persons many to diabetic urine have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, Corm Eleocharitis In " puchiin " have blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, in measles, popular Property meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is universal, with river in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province It is more that Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. save cultivation.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, and meat is pure white, and matter is crisp Taste is sweet, and how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing albumen Matter, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., have underground pear from ancient times Good reputation, northerner regard as south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivate the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, how in Oryza sativa L. Field crop rotation Corm Eleocharitis, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Solani melongenae carry out rice field-upland field rotation, the most economical Benefit is preferable, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduces agriculture chemical use Amount, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation, by more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, Vegetable broad bean carries out scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, except improving with field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis Outside economic benefit, it is often more important that can reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce the generation of pest and disease damage Degree, improves soil fertility structure, the reparation of promotion soil environment；At the later stage interplanting vegetable broad bean of gathering of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, adopt Receiving haricot, to make vegetable the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early, by Semen Viciae fabae straw As green manure plough under in soil can fertilizing soil, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or also field is also on the spot Can fertilizing soil, preferably achieve organic matter recovery, improve soil fertility, the optimum of crop cultivation can be formed and follow Ring, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reaches the purpose of organic farming.Rice field-upland field rotation of the present invention " Organic food technical specification " (HJ/T80-2001) that organic cultivation method is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration is carried out Cultivation, in same organic farming production base in addition to can cultivating organic Fructus Solani melongenae, it is also possible to cultivate organic vegetable broad bean, early rice And Corm Eleocharitis.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation, comprises the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) select suitable Eggplant Varieties: select thermostability including miscellaneous No. 6 of Hunan, miscellaneous No. 9 of Hunan, Zhejiang eggplant No. 1 strong, Can normally bear fruit under high temperature, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, wide adaptability, collection period, length, high yield, of fine quality, was suitable for locality cultivation and city The middle-late ripening variety of field demand, will select the seed processed without banned substance, prohibit the use of transgenic seed；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: more summer Fructus Solani melongenae vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice water chestnut Shepherd's purse, 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years；

(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic vegetable broad bean, have Machine early rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, life State condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have can The agricultural producing areas of continuous production ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator Artificial chemistry synthetic, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, many with the balance and biology maintaining farmland ecosystem Sample；

Application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer soil as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Earth, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal excreta Just and outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can make With through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, from whole farmland production environment Ecosystem sets out, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creates and is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies Environmental condition, reduces the loss that disease pest and weed causes, and based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, The pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, may utilize the mineral allowing to use or plants Thing medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and diatom with limitation Soil, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, often Plant residue will be cleared up in time after stubble crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, Making the agricultural Organic substances such as straw all be integrated into utilizing, the garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

Organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch and get over the summer after shining soil Fructus Solani melongenae, including: select adapted varieties, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Described cultivation is anosis, and strong sprout is: in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use booth or nurse young plants in hothouses, use nutrition Nursery is broadcasted sowing in the seedling culture hole plate nursery of hole, alms bowl/50 or employing seedbed, uses seedbed to treat that seedling grows 2～3 true leaves when broadcasting sowing nursery In time, heeled on seedbed or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then notice that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, treats seedling When growing 2～3 true leaves by between seedling to square at a distance of 10cm between Miao Yumiao；Strengthen during nursery temperature and water management with Ensure that growth of seedling is healthy and strong；The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 15～ 22cm, has 8～9 true leaves, and the seedling of 50%～60% starts to budding.

Described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: uses zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects anosis strong sprout fixed in covering with ground sheeting mid-April Planting, every mu of field planting 1500～2500 strain, early June starts to gather, and strengthens rich water quality management, can gather by the end of October always.

The fertilization principle of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is repeatedly to topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adheres to thin fertile diligent Execute, light rear weight before dose；Execute decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or person poultry muck 3000 of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu ～4000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg make base manure, after ploughing deeply, before whole ground, apply furrow face；Delay in field planting Executing 10%～20% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 200～300kg after Seedling as carrying seed manure, door eggplant executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably, the most often Gathering 2 times, combining waters topdresses 1 time, and the fruit growth after bearing fruit imposes 20%～30% collection period and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, Each 300～600kg, result is contained the phase and also to be spreaded manuer in holes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and waters the most in right amount.

The water management of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: water field planting water after field planting immediately, suitably controls to water after slow Seedling, Promote root control seedling；Phase of yielding positive results often keeps furrow face to moisten, and door eggplant keeps uniform moisture supply after occupying stably, and makes soil see and dry sees Wet, particularly autumn in summer hot-dry season rich water to be ensured stable market supply, and pour water and should carry out sooner or later；Rainy season is carried out out Ditch water discharge.

Organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (4) is: gathering the later stage of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, mid-October at Fructus Solani melongenae Original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting vegetable broad bean (program request 1 in the middle of every two strain Fructus Solani melongenaes of often row Fructus Solani melongenae is retained on cultivating bed Cave vegetable broad bean, every drill seeding kind 2 row vegetable broad bean), clean rural area after gathering end to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October in time, and strengthen dish use The management of Semen Viciae fabae, in time training promotees precocity, and in mid or late April next year, end of gathering as early as possible allows stubble to haricot, haricot of gathering After straw plough under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

Above-mentioned vegetable broad bean kind is that Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain be the fullest, fresh and tender, high yield, Cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of high-quality, period of duration local climate condition shorter, suitable, including: large broad bean, Folium Isatidis are flat, eastern The big grain in side, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face silkworm No. 5, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Select the seed processed without banned substance, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic vegetable broad bean uses bunch planting, every bunch planting kind 3～4 seeds, it is ensured that every mu of seedling 5000 strain is left The right side, during sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000 with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg ～1500kg makees lid seed manure.

Above-mentioned timely training promotees precocity and is: in stem 5～7 leaf phase, pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, the side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin wither time each side shoot stop 5～7 joint spend after pinch in time, To control to nourish and grow, concentrate the growth of nutrient supply soybean pod.

Rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: after previous crops vegetable broad bean is gathered, is ploughed under by Semen Viciae fabae straw in soil and trains Fertile soil, in conjunction with cultivating 1 batch of early rice after ploughing soil basal dressing；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in 3 below the moon Ten days～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae Fertilizing soil.

Above-mentioned organic early rice planting and selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitably work as Ground ecological environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification mechanism The organic paddy rice seed of certification；Using water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu to execute prior to seeding for 3～5 days to be filled The high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg is divided to make base manure；General at late March～4 The first tenday period of a month moon are sowed, and the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

Above-mentioned organic morning, rice growing carried out the rational application of fertilizer, in conjunction with ploughing soil according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle The farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as every mu of barnyard manure executing fully to become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg do Base manure；After transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg makees tillering fertilizer, shine After the rehydration of field, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (4) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, April Early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

Above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated, and the kind of selection is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, It is suitable for the high yield of locality cultivation, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller divide Strain field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm makees seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, individual big the most uniform, Terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have the bulb of this varietal characteristic, use stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two Stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: April early and middle ten days select wind sheltering to Sun, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm, plants shepherd's purse and use Clean clear water soaks 18～24 hours, takes out in neatly coming seedbed after draining open fire and carries out upland nursery, holding of periodically watering Ground moistening is to lifting, and early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants extremely when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm Rice seedling bed carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, After using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May carrying out in the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed Rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, and base manure to be used sufficient, in conjunction with turning over The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck 1000～2000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed are executed in every mu of soil Or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately adding ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure, acid heavier soil is when ploughing Quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on potash fertilizer, topdress after field planting 7 for the 1st time ～10 days, transplanting combines the 1st intertillage every mu and executes the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, and the 2nd Secondary topdress every 10～15 days, execute in conjunction with weeding every mu and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotes envelope row, the 3rd Secondary topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Solani melongenae is a kind of solanaceous vegetables avoiding continuous cropping, and the requirement to rich water is higher, And pest species is many, harm weight, due to the reason such as accumulation of pathogen, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt during continuous cropping Ratio is more serious, is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Solani melongenae continuous cropping, and chemical fertilizer, the usage amount of pesticide Increasing year by year and to can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer, pesticide the most in a large number, also there will be showing of the underproduction year by year As, so Fructus Solani melongenae common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming to be carried out must initially set up Scientific and reasonable rotation system.Semen Viciae fabae is vegetable, grain, feedstuff and the green manure dual-purpose crop that China is important, is also development winter kind The elite crop produced, but the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and affects root nodule bacteria and the micro-life of soil The breeding activity of thing, so Semen Viciae fabae avoids continuous cropping, preferably carries out rice field-upland field rotation.Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Solani melongenae carry out water Drought ring makees not only better economic benefit, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage.Water Although rice is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density.This Bright employing more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, vegetable broad bean carry out scientific and reasonable wheel with field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis etc. Make, in addition to can increasing yield per unit area and raising product quality, increasing economic efficiency, it is often more important that taken turns by floods and droughts Making to form distinct floods and droughts ecological environment, be possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce The occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, but also soil fertility structure can be improved, form the change of the mutual supplement with each other's advantages such as soil physical and chemical property, Promote the reparation of soil environment；More summer Fructus Solani melongenae is gathered later stage no-tillage direct sowing interplanting vegetable broad bean, silkworm on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed Bean haricot listing of gathering is eaten raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the life of stubble, beneficially succession crop early Long, after haricot of gathering, straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure, then cultivation early rice can not only reach province's fertilizer, high yield Purpose, still prevent the accumulation of the organic acid that Semen Viciae fabae causes root nodule bacteria to secrete because of continuous cropping, beneficially Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria is numerous Grow the activity with beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms；Meanwhile, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back on the spot Field fertilizing soil, preferably achieves the recovery of organic matter, adds soil with organic matter content, improve soil fertility, can Form the benign cycle of crop cultivation, maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, it is ensured that agricultural production can be held Supervention exhibition, thus reach the purpose of organic farming.The present invention advises in strict accordance with prescription and the production technology of organic farm products Model is cultivated, and does not use the artificial synthetic such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone to cultivate in whole production process, By selecting the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base, select suitable kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, Use various feasible field management comprehensive technical measure, make full use of the resources such as light, heat, water, gas, fertilizer, create and be conducive to eggplant Son and rotation crop vegetable broad bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis growth promoter and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, together One organic farming production base is in addition to can cultivating organic Fructus Solani melongenae, moreover it is possible to cultivate organic vegetable broad bean, organic early rice and organic Corm Eleocharitis.Within 1 period of crop-rotation, the yield of 1 batch of organic Fructus Solani melongenae of Long summer cultivation is 4500～5500kg/ mus, and silkworm used by 1 batch of organic dish The haricot yield of bean is 1200～1500kg/ mus, and the yield of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480～560kg/ mus, 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis Yield be 1500～2500kg/ mus.The Fructus Solani melongenae produced is excellent with rotation crop vegetable broad bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis not only quality, symbol Close the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, does not has notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation.This rice field-upland field rotation is organic The science of technology of cultural method are reasonable, and practicality, with workable, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, are a kind of high Effect ecological circulation agriculture cultivation model, has good society, economy and ecological benefits.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select suitable place to set up organic farming production base

Select traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area (general requirement is at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological bar Part is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the polluter such as soot (pollution-free source within least 5 kilometers of periphery) with Traffic backbone, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity set up organic farming production base.Production base soil Earth environmental quality requirement is not less than the secondary standard in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), and requires ground Gesture is invigorating, the physicochemical property of soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, deep fertile, the effective soil layer of soil layer reaches more than 60cm, soil row Water venting capability is good, biological activity strong, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets " field irrigation water quality mark Accurate " regulation of (GB 5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012), it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should have Certain scale, general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with therebetween into The plot that row routine produces, but allow to there is organic conversion plot.Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, Reach in field that outside field, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, fill defecation profit.Organic production base with conventional produce plot intersection must have significantly every From band, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc..If plot, edge is likely polluted by neighbouring conventional plot and is affected, then must be organic And buffer strip or the physical barrier of about 10m are set between conventional plot, the most contaminated to ensure organic plot.In view of certain A little materials can remain the quite a long time in the environment, conventional production systems typically require 2 years to organic production conversion Transition period, after the agricultural product such as the Fructus Solani melongenae cultivated thereafter results could as organic products, the Fructus Solani melongenae of cultivation in i.e. the 3rd year and other Agricultural product are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Produce principle according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, use breeding to combine, follow The agricultural technology of a series of sustainable developments such as ring regeneration, the balance maintaining farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, Do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Semen Viciae fabae is important Vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, after vegetable broad bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can effectively improve Soil physical and chemical property, improves soil organic matter content, is enriched with and increases soil nutrient, being effectively improved soil fertility, after can being Stubble crop provides multiple available nutrient, reaches the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility and promoted the agriculture cultivation that organises, so 1 batch of dish of plantation is used Semen Viciae fabae is possible not only to obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, supplement nutrient for soil, improve Soil structure, Production for agricultural product such as organic Fructus Solani melongenaes is taken a firm foundation.Only allow green manure and the straw such as application of organic fertilizers and plantation legume Stalk also field fertilizing soil, will use fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed.The fertilizer such as chicken manure, pig manure Within 2 months, harmless treatment need to be carried out before administration, fertilizer be mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully become thoroughly decomposed.Before fertilizer Phase available nutrient discharges shortcoming slowly, it is possible to use allow use to have fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the root nodule bacteria of potassium decomposing effect, bud The microorganism fertilizers such as spore bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, the activity through probiotics is accelerated nutrients release, is promoted that crop is to supporting The effective utilization divided.Allow the fertilizer type used except animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure Outward, it be also possible to use the materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification And microbial manure.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, combine Close and use various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, create the environmental condition being unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies, reduce disease The loss that Cordyceps evil causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carries out chemical prevention.Cultural control mainly by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis Strong sprout, use various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create be conducive to crop growth and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.It is raw that biological and physical control is to try to protection Producing the ecological environment in base, maintain the ecological balance of nature, the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilize insect The intrinsic light that becomes, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type is killed Worm lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, it is possible to use allow some mineral and the plant used Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, And microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur, stone with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as ash, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so will be timely after every batch of crop harvesting Cleaning plant residue, thoroughly sweeps, cleans base, is all transported by plant invalid body and destroys or buried, to reduce disease outside base Insect pest radix.Heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making agricultural Organic substance all quilts such as straw Comprehensive utilization.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. work out scientific and reasonable rotation plan and carry out organic farming

Fructus Solani melongenae is weak to continuous cropping, and during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt occurs serious, and is susceptible to soil even Making obstacle, the most then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so must formulate the rotation plan of science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming, sets up and closes The rotation system of reason, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, grind Study carefully and with having summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River and getting over summer Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming rotation system be: more summer Fructus Solani melongenae vegetable broad bean the (the 1st Year) early rice Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years.1st year first cultivation 1 batch more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, adopting of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae Receive the later stage in about mid-October on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed no-tillage direct program request vegetable broad bean, to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October gather terminate after In time cleaning rural area strengthen the management of Semen Viciae fabae, vegetable broad bean after spring end next year gathers haricot immediately using straw as green Fertilizer ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, and every mu of Semen Viciae fabae can fix nitrogen 13kg, and after plantation Semen Viciae fabae, soil fertility can be obviously improved, so 1 batch of early rice of rear cultivation, ploughs under Caulis et Folium Oryzae Tanaka immediately after early rice harvesting and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivate 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis, Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated by above-mentioned rotation cropping pattern after gathering again.

(1) summer Fructus Solani melongenae organic production is got over

1. adapted varieties is selected

In the case of current China has obtained organic eggplant seed of certification the most, should select to process without banned substance Seed, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Thermostability to be selected is strong, can normally bear fruit under high temperature, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, adapt to Property wide, collection period, length, high yield, of fine quality, was suitable for locality cultivation and the middle-late ripening variety of the market demand, such as Inst. of Vegetables, Hunan Prov. Miscellaneous No. 6 of the Hunan of selection-breeding, miscellaneous No. 9 of Hunan, the kind such as Zhejiang eggplant of academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province selection-breeding No. 1.

2. cultivate anosis strong sprout in good time

General use booth or greenhouse in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use the seedling culture hole plate nursery of hole, nutritive cube/50 or Seedbed is used to broadcast sowing nursery.When using seedbed to broadcast sowing nursery, carry out 1 time heeling in when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, can heel in On seedbed or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then must be noted that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, Seedling carries out 1 thinning when growing 2～3 true leaves, to square at a distance of 10cm between Miao Yumiao, a seedling gone out can be heeled in In the seedling culture hole plate of on seedbed or hole, nutritive cube/50.During nursery, temperature to be strengthened and water management are to ensure that growth of seedling is healthy and strong. The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 15～22cm, has 8～9 very Leaf, the seedling of 50%～60% starts to budding.

3. base manure, in good time field planting are used sufficient

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over early after gathering and shines in vain, uses sufficient base after ploughing deeply 1 time again before field planting Fertilizer, executes decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or become thoroughly decomposed person poultry muck 3000～4000kg, phosphorus for general every mu Breeze 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, can increase and decrease as one sees fit according to soil fertility.Acid heavier soil also wants every mu Execute quick lime 50～100kg.General basal dressing and the bedding of whole ground, furrow width (wrapping a gutter) 1.2～1.6m, furrow after ploughing deeply 1 time Ditch depth 20～30cm, and hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, accomplishes furrow ditch, waist ditch and encloses Gou Gougou and communicate in order to draining.Base manure is general all Furrow face, the most wholely, covering with plastic film is applied before whole ground.

In time field planting: the general covering with ground sheeting field planting land for growing field crops in about mid-April in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.Every furrow field planting 2 OK, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, every mu of field planting 1500～2500 strain.

4. field management

Root to be promoted, rush seedling before gathering after field planting, start to gather to seedling to be promoted in the best fruiting period, attack fruit, want after entering high temperature season Bao Genbao seedling, preventing from losing seedling and dead seedling, the result later stage to continue to strengthen management, increasing both production and income.

The rational application of fertilizer: the trophophase of Fructus Solani melongenae Long summer cultivation is long, fertilizer requirement is relatively big, and is that repeatedly result is repeatedly gathered, institute Must be in time with rich water supply.Also should repeatedly topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adhere to that thin fertile duty is executed, eaten the most more, fertilising The fertilization principle of light rear weight before amount, to meet the nutritional need that Fructus Solani melongenae is persistently yielded positive results, delays tree vigo(u)r old and feeble, after strengthening result Strength, so can strive early stage high yield, later stage volume increase, high yield of full phase.Typically after Seedling is delayed in field planting, execute 1 time 10%～20% people of becoming thoroughly decomposed Fecaluria or biogas slurry 200～300kg are as carrying seed manure；Door eggplant executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably, and the most often gathering about 2 times to combine to water chases after Fertile 1 time, within the most every 10～15 days, chasing after 1 fertilizer, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the fruit growth after bearing fruit typically may be used collection period Imposing 20%～30% to become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, each 300～600kg, result is contained the phase and also should be spreaded manuer in holes depending on plant growing way situation Become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 50～100kg, waters the most in right amount.

Water management: to water field planting water after field planting immediately, moisture is unsuitable excessive, then should suitably control to water, promote after slow Seedling Root control seedling；Often to keep furrow face to moisten in the phase of yielding positive results, door eggplant is uniform moisture supply to be kept after occupying stably, and makes soil see dry Seeing wet, particularly autumn in summer hot-dry season must assure that rich water stable market supply, and to prevent plant senilism, high temperature season is poured water should Carry out when sooner or later cooling；Rainy season must carry out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, and prevents flood stain to hinder root.

It addition, be also noted that and erase the following side shoot of an eggplant in time, to reduce nutrient consumption, make nutrient centralizedly supply fruit, Improve fruit-setting rate, promote growth of young.After the 1st, 2 layers of fruit harvest, base segments Huang leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf should be beaten, with Increase ventilation and penetrating light, reduce the generation of disease.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: follows the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", must the most early prevent pest and disease damage, should be with Integrated pest control in agriculture is main, (i.e. seed is put into seed weight by selecting Resistant kind and disease-free seed, employing temperature to scald seed soaking Measure in 55 DEG C of warm water of 3～4 times, be stirred continuously about 15 minutes, after water temperature is down to room temperature, continues seed soaking 4～5 hours, then urges Sowing or directly sowing after bud) kill pathogenic bacteria that the surface of the seed carries, carry out reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, execute the regulation acid of appropriate quick lime Basicity, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, use zanjon height plot of land film mulching and planting, rational close planting, reinforcement rich water quality management to make to plant Strain robust growth, prevent the cultivation management of the science such as field hydrops, create and be conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae growth promoter and be unfavorable for Pest organism The environmental condition that evil occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant；Check in time, find that diseased plant is pulled out immediately, burns or buried, Calx is spread fertilizer over the fields in cave；Cleaning rural area, removing field and periphery weeds, reduce disease pest propagating source etc..Next to that use biological with Physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa to prevent eliminating aphis；With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, yellow plate, backboard etc. Insect-killing trapping, carrys out insect-killing trapping as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01), or every mu is hung 30～40 pieces Specification is yellow plate and the backboard insect-killing trapping of 25cm × 40cm；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, with sweet-and-sour liquid, gyplure Trapping black cutworm, diamondback moth, Prodenia litura etc.；When pest and disease damage occurs heavier, the plant source such as soft soap, matrine can be used raw Thing insecticidal bactericide or local growing plants (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant carry out pest control, as Eliminate aphis and acarid, with Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and the generation of the pre-preventing disease and pest of Bulbus Allii leachate with the tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-； Also rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr can be used with limitation, and microorganism and preparation thereof As anti-eliminated aphis with Bt preparation, HD-l bacillus thuringiensis or nuclear polyhedrosis virus etc., the insect such as trialeurodes vaporariorum, (live with trichodermin 1.5 hundred million/g of spermatium) wettable powder 600～800 times of liquid prevent and treat gray mold, leaf mold etc., can also be used with Bordeaux mixture etc. anti- Cure the disease evil.Prevention and control of weeds typically utilizes covering with ground sheeting to suppress weed growth, uses artificial weeding if desired.

Gather the most in time

When Fructus Solani melongenae fruit is fully grown up, glossy, be connected with the fruit white rings band (being commonly called as eggplant eye) at position of sepal is opened When beginning inconspicuous, represent that fruit growth is relatively slow, be the commodity period of maturation of Fructus Solani melongenae.Should adopt in time when Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation Receiving, door eggplant and eggplant can be shifted to an earlier date 3～5 days gather, this both can improve the fruit-setting rate of the above fruit of an eggplant, increases early yield. Fructus Solani melongenae requires the most repeatedly to gather, in order to avoid affecting plant strain growth and affecting Fructus Solani melongenae quality and yield.Typically open in early June Beginning gathers, and strengthens rich water quality management, can gather by the end of October always.The Fructus Solani melongenae quality produced is excellent, yield is high, meets organic Fructus Solani melongenae Production requirement, general yield is 4500～5500kg/ mus.

Selecting miscellaneous No. 6 of Eggplant Varieties Hunan, (CK selects to use organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method The soil cultivation of solanaceous crops, every mu of sealing fertilizer 80kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 30kg was not planted in nearly 3 years Make base manure, sealing fertilizer 70kg or carbamide 40kg to topdress；Chemical agent is used to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 8 times) carry out Contrast test, the area of each process is 8m × 20m, if 3 times are repeated.Result of the test shows: rice field-upland field rotation of the present invention is organic The disease pest harm of cultural method the 1st～the 3rd period of crop-rotation is the lightest, and yield is the most more stable, and yield is higher, not Trend that is lower than CK, that be also gradually increased；Meanwhile, the product quality of organic farming alternating method of the present invention is more notable than CK carries Height, reaches the standard of organic products, but the product quality of CK can only achieve non-harmful standard (being shown in Table 1).

Miscellaneous No. 6 of table 1 Hunan uses organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK) to carry out Long summer cultivation Yield and quality and pest and disease damage a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) vegetable broad bean organic production

Vegetable broad bean is the rear work of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, and the later stage interplanting vegetable broad bean of gathering at more summer Fructus Solani melongenae has good warp Ji, society, ecological benefits.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Select that Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain be the fullest, fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration relatively Cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of local climate condition short, suitable, in the case of the most obtaining organic Broad Bean Seeds of certification, The seed processed without banned substance should be selected, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Optional large broad bean, Folium Isatidis are flat, Dong Fang great Grain, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face the kinds such as silkworm No. 5, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride.

Bask seeds before sowing 1～3 day, to improve activity and the water absorbing capacity of seed.Use temperature to scald seed soaking, seed is put into 55 DEG C warm water in seed soaking within 10～15 minutes, kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries, be stirred continuously to water temperature and be down to about 30 DEG C, then in room The lower seed soaking of temperature 1 day.For promoting formation and the growth of root nodule bacteria, improve nitrogen fixing capacity, nitragin can be used to dress seed, every 12kg kind Son mixes nitragin 100g, i.e. mixes and i.e. uses.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of vegetable broad bean is Fructus Solani melongenae, applies fertilizer more during due to cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae, also has more remaining fertilizer not have in soil It is finished, and the loosing soil cultivating Fructus Solani melongenae is breathed freely, can be with zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean, typically without basal dressing, only Lid seed manure is made with decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes.

General gathering the later stage at more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, retains original mulch film no-tillage in about mid-October on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed Directly program request 1 cave vegetable broad bean, every drill seeding kind 2 row vegetable broad bean in the middle of every two strain Fructus Solani melongenaes of often row Fructus Solani melongenae, use bunch planting, cave Deep 5cm, every bunch planting kind 3～4 seeds, it is ensured that about the strain of every mu of seedling 5000.During sowing every mu with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium Breeze 10～20kg mixes and stirs decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.Gather to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October Clean rural area after end in time, eggplant straw is collected heap after break process and makes fertilizer, and strengthen the pipe of vegetable broad bean Reason.

3. field management

Rich water quality management: be generally not required to topdress when cultivating the soil cultivation vegetable broad bean after getting over summer Fructus Solani melongenae, if table Existing fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit after emerging and execute 1 seed manure, every mu execute thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～ 800kg promotes growth of seedling healthy and strong and nodule formation, simultaneously facilitates proleptic branch.Also can suitably impose in early flowering season and fruiting period Flower, pod fertilizer.The rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, except the most typically need not pour water special year, as excessive rainfall should the fall of draining in time Stain, the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.

In time training promotees precocity: Semen Viciae fabae bears pods mainly by side shoot, and training is to promote Semen Viciae fabae collateral generation, precocious, early go public, Volume increase and a Main Cultivation Measures of raising commodity, because training not only can improve field ventilation and penetrating light, alleviate disease pest The generation of evil, and the nutrient reasonable distribution of scalable plant, promote bear pods and do sth. in advance maturation.General in the stem 5～7 leaf phase (i.e. when the compound leaf being made up of 5～7 lobules occurs in half plant), pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, to extract 1 leaf 1 heart is degree, promotes side shoot early to send out, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stay 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, and before striving for the winter, individual plant reaches the healthy and strong side shoot of about 5 (effective branch).The side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin to wither time (first pod phase when having 1～3cm when the tender pod length of root) every Individual side shoot is stopped after 5～7 joints are spent and is pinched in time, extracts top 1 leaf 1 heart, to control to nourish and grow, concentrates nutrient supply soybean pod raw Long, thus promote that soybean pod growth promoter and Semen Viciae fabae are precocious.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly use cultural control, and pest and disease damage can be by selecting Resistant kind, selecting disease-free seed Begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting and in time training improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, use zanjon height bedding cultivation, open Good field irrigation and drainage ditch reduces field humidity, pulls out diseased plant, sick leaf and sick pod in time, removes field invalid body etc. in time and arrange after results Execute preventing and treating；Weed growth is prevented by plastic film mulching cultivation.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create favourable In the environmental condition of natural enemy existence, use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, cover Silver Grey Mulching Film or hang silver grey film Bar repellent aphid.Bacillus thuringiensis, muscardine, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, the preventing and treating of Avermectins antibiotic can be used if desired Pest and disease damage, reddish macules can spray the Bordeaux mixture of 12 100 at the initial stage of a disease, and aphid can prevent with 200 times of liquid of 5% rotenone emulsifiable solution Control, it is also possible to onion-skin is in 12 ratios to water soaking 24 hours, and after filtration, extracting juice adds suitable quantity of water dilution spraying preventing and treating.

4. timely collecting

Vegetable broad bean Post flowering 25～30 days, when soybean pod is full, seed is light green, hilum not yet turn black before suitable for gathering Phase, gather the most by stages.Typically start to gather in early April, it is desirable in mid or late April, end of gathering allows stubble as early as possible.Typically The haricot yield of vegetable broad bean is 1200～1500kg/ mus.Gather and immediately straw is ploughed under in soil as green manure after haricot Fertilizing soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

(3) early rice organic production

Cultivation early rice anosis strong sprout the most in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecology Environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification agency qualification Organic paddy rice seed.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, about 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill seed with 1% lime water The pathogenic microorganism on surface, carries out presoaking and germinating after cleaning with clear water according to a conventional method；Or kill the surface of the seed with the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature Pathogen, will put in 55 DEG C of warm water and soak seed 10～20 minutes by seed, and be stirred continuously, water temperature is down to after room temperature routinely Method carries out presoaking and germinating, and accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

General use water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed within 3～5 days, combine prior to seeding turn over every mu execute fully become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg make base manure.Typically broadcast at late March～early April Kind, after planting keep seedling bed to moisten, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing to 1.5 leaves；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills Horse race water, fine day takes off film ventilation seedling exercising the most afterwards, prevents rice shoot from burning, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, moves Plant first 3 days and all take off film；Within 5～7 days before transplanting, imposing dilute night soil or methane liquid in right amount, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: previous crops is vegetable broad bean, and Semen Viciae fabae straw ploughs under soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, and during cultivation early rice, base manure need not Too much, execute general with ploughing soil every mu the farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～ 150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg make base manure.After turning over keep 3～3.3cm water layers harrow a field, plough rake whole after prepare rice transplanting.

Rice transplanting in time: typically in mid or late April rice transplanting, uses and manually plants or transplanting.Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, is participated Basic Seedling 70,000～10 for every mu Ten thousand.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, suitably executes tillering fertilizer in the case of base manure abundance With take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.General after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～ 100kg makees tillering fertilizer, and after dry field rehydration, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as fringe Fertile.

Water management: should make full use of filling draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create suitable early rice growth field Between miniclimate.Water management accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, and the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field (i.e. reaches about 200,000/mu when Seedling number Time start dry field), to moisten after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after draining in 2～3 days Open field, to cultivate good root system, open field 2～after 3 days again answer shallow water, the later stage can not be dehydrated too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially use cultural control, by select disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strengthen seedling, rational close planting, enrich organic Fertile, remove the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time and improve field microclimate so that it is ventilate thoroughly Light is good, strengthens the resistance of plant self, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, subtract The place that few pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early envelope OK, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and using.Next to that use biology With physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, as when rice field moth Trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields Control the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, The insects such as non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest uses yellow card's trap.Can be selected for when pest and disease damage is more serious through Organic certification agency qualification Biological pesticide preparation prevent and treat, as with bacillus subtilis wettable powder preventing and treating rice blast and false smut, with Bt preparation, Chemical control striped rice borer, the rice leaf roller such as azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating rice such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations Plant hopper.

5. gather in the crops

Early rice is typically ripe in mid or late July, gathers in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying Unified sale.Average per mu yield 480～560kg.

(4) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding Ridge weeds and stubble.The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or corruption is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu Ripe person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure. Acid heavier soil quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layers, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud work, clay fertilizer, grass are clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut The improved seeds such as shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

Reserving seed for planting and plant shepherd's purse and select: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division are strong, without falling Volt, without disease pest endanger field make seed field.Profile rounding, epidermis is taken without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin when gathering Dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature are passed the winter, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering March in next year has dug direct nursery.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin preferably uses two-phase method nursery, i.e. one stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (seedling Tian Miao) two-phase method nursery, need to plant shepherd's purse 110～200 for every mu of land for growing field crops, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg.A. first stage nursery (drought Ground nursery): typically at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil is about 10cm, broken for thin for soil hoe hoe, is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm；Corm Eleocharitis digging after that preserve or field wintering preserve Middle reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, and individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have The bulb of this varietal characteristic, soaks 18～24 hours with clean clear water, takes out and drains open fire, according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5 ～8cm neatly comes in seedbed, making terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after the water of spray vola, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, fixed Phase waters holding ground moistening to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, after entering May Available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second-order Duan Yumiao.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): typically select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, often Mu is executed and is become thoroughly decomposed farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, Turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, lifting moves Plant, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, should not surpass the most deeply Crossing 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and preferably gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water Or dilute methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or dilute methane liquid 500 ～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, The field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is the highest, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay cladode high 30～35cm, or by the tip Head gives a discount and plants in water, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage Generation, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50 ～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, and base manure to be used sufficient, early stage of topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer is in good time Master, later stage are based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine the 1st intertillage every mu after turning green and execute and become thoroughly decomposed Night soil 400～500kg, to promote early tiller plant division；Topdress for 2nd time every 10～15 days, about in the August of plant vigorous growth In the middle ten days, execute become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotion envelope row in conjunction with weeding every mu；Topdress in JIUYUE for 3rd time Early and middle ten days, imposes balling according to full field growing state fertile, the center strain of cladode color burn, ramet the most on the ground in right amount Execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when starting pumping scape, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to work after field planting The root and stem of certain plants, keeps shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division, accelerates gradually to deepen to pour water along with plant strain growth later after turning green, vigorous period Keep water layer 6～9cm, want appropriateness draining dry field at the beginning of 9 months such as stem and leaf over growth by the end of August, to suppress too much plant division, promote to carry Early knot shepherd's purse, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October field start to cut off the water supply, keep shallow Water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out the 1st intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Every 10～15 days Topdress in conjunction with the 2nd time and carry out weeding in the 2nd time, find that the close ground of Seedling can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promote ventilation and penetrating light, Make strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as efficent rotation, selection Resistant kind, selects anosis field to stay Plant, select anosis kind of ball work kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen Cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, cladode was withered After residual for field stem dead leaf is all removed, focus on or retting compost, root out limit, field weeds, reduce first the invading of pest and disease damage in the coming year Dye source；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string filling, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce wet Degree, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface is hard, and the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after junction；Land for growing field crops plough is every when turning over Mu is executed quick lime 50～100kg and is carried out soil disinfection.Advocate and use biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, Utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant Trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., use yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field deep Bury, can prevent and treat with Bt preparation with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease if desired Insect pest.

5. gather

About in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts the most withered and the most yellow and gradually withered lodging, bulb skin When color is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.General after mid-December, per day temperature Degree is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, and the sweet succulence of taste, for optimum period of gathering.Collection period is with February in late December to next year The first tenday period of a month are advisable.General yield is 1500～2500kg/ mus.

In sum, rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention produces Fructus Solani melongenae, vegetable broad bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis are not only Quality is excellent, meets the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, do not have notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；Plantation During pest and disease damage occur light, soil fertility to be effectively improved, use the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, overall effect Fruit performance is stable, and the yield of Fructus Solani melongenae has the trend being gradually increased.

Claims

1. the organic cultivation method getting over summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) suitable Eggplant Varieties is selected: selection thermostability including miscellaneous No. 6 of Hunan, miscellaneous No. 9 of Hunan, Zhejiang eggplant No. 1 is strong, high temperature Under can normally bear fruit, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, wide adaptability, length, high yield, of fine quality, was suitable for locality cultivation and market needed collection period The middle-late ripening variety asked, will select the seed processed without banned substance, prohibit the use of transgenic seed；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: more summer Fructus Solani melongenae vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, 1 The individual period of crop-rotation is 2 years；

(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic vegetable broad bean, You Jizao Rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) the organic farming production base described in is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, good away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition, nothing Heavy metal and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and there is sustainable production capacity Agricultural producing areas, soil environment quality require be not less than two in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995) Grade standard, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and ambient air quality is the lowest Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；The cultivated area of each organic farming production base Not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base has substantially with the conventional plot intersection that produces Isolation strip or buffer strip.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator is artificial Chemosynthesis material, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem；

Whole cultivation only allows application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, Fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed；Except using animal wastes And outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, could be used that Organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carry out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilize allow use mineral or plant medical agent prevent and treat disease pest Evil, moreover it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and include bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation Carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage in interior microorganism and preparation thereof, could be used that sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture are prevented and treated Pest and disease damage；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, at every batch of work Plant residue will be cleared up in time after thing results, heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making bag Including straw to be all integrated into utilizing at interior agriculture Organic substance, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all to reclaim And be used.

4. according to the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that Organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, bag after shining soil Include: select adapted varieties, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Cultivating anosis strong sprout is: in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use booth or nurse young plants in hothouses, use nursery cave, hole, nutritive cube/50 Nursery is broadcasted sowing in dish nursery or employing seedbed, uses seedbed to heel on seedbed when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves when broadcasting sowing nursery Or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then notice that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, treats that seedling grows 2～3 true leaves Time by between seedling to square at a distance of 10cm between Miao Yumiao；Temperature and water management is strengthened to ensure that growth of seedling is good for during nursery Strong；The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, and plant height 15～22cm has 8～9 True leaf, the seedling of 50%～60% starts to budding.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described The cultivation of organic Fructus Solani melongenae is: uses zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects anosis strong sprout in covering with ground sheeting field planting mid-April, every mu of field planting 1500 ～2500 strains, early June starts to gather, strengthens rich water quality management, can gather by the end of October always.

The organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described The fertilization principle of organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is repeatedly to topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adheres to that thin fertile duty is executed, light before dose after Weight；Execute decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or become thoroughly decomposed person poultry muck 3000～4000kg, ground phosphate rock for every mu 30～50kg, base manure made by potassium breeze 20～30kg, applies furrow face after ploughing deeply before whole ground；10%～20% is executed after Seedling is delayed in field planting Night soil or the biogas slurry 200～300kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed is as carrying seed manure, and door eggplant executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably, the most often gather 2 times to combine and water Topdressing 1 time, the fruit growth after bearing fruit imposes 20%～30% collection period and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, each 300～600kg, Result is contained the phase and also to be spreaded manuer in holes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed.

8. according to the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that Organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (4) is: gathering the later stage of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae, mid-October on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed Retain original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting vegetable broad bean, clean rural area in time after gathering end to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October, and add The management of strong vegetable broad bean, training in time promotees precocity, and in mid or late April next year, end of gathering as early as possible allows stubble to haricot, will gather Straw after haricot ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation as green manure.

9. according to the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that Rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: after previous crops vegetable broad bean is gathered, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, In conjunction with cultivating 1 batch of early rice after ploughing soil basal dressing；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment late March～April The first tenday period of a month seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under after early rice harvesting Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae and foster and apply fertilizer soil Earth.

10., according to the organic cultivation method of a kind of more summer Fructus Solani melongenae rice field-upland field rotation described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exists In, the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis described in step (4) is: Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae Fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, in early and middle ten days in April Beginning with two-phase method to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.