CN106228890A - Skyscraper solid fire behavior analogue experiment installation under a kind of ambient wind effect - Google Patents
Skyscraper solid fire behavior analogue experiment installation under a kind of ambient wind effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses skyscraper solid fire behavior analogue experiment installation under a kind of ambient wind effect.This device includes model of high-rise building, rotation platform, direction-adjustable wind-tunnel, three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame, burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog.Described model of high-rise building is cube shelly, is divided into four chambers, and wherein igniting experiments chamber is provided with burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog and adjustable-size building window model；Connecting rotation platform bottom model of high-rise building coordinates the adjustable wind-tunnel of outside direction can simulate the ambient wind of any direction and wind speed；Three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame is combined type rectangular structure, can realize the parameter measurement function of outside wall surface optional position.The present invention establishes skyscraper solid fire spread analogue experiment installation under a set of research environment wind effect first, wind direction regulation security of system, convenient, accurate, experimental provision has complete parameter measurement system, can study skyscraper and spill into from fire, flame and finally spread to build upper strata, the complete procedure of adjacent side.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire hazard safety, be specifically related to skyscraper solid fire behavior under a kind of ambient wind effect
Analogue experiment installation, it is the differentiation that there is the skyscraper solid fire behavior under complex environment wind effect with flame characteristic parameter
The experiment of rule and research equipment.
Background technology
Along with China's city development, nervous for alleviating land used, increasing skyscraper gradually rises, and height is more
Coming the highest, structure becomes increasingly complex, and function is more and more diversified, and the thing followed is prominent fire of high-rise building problem, and
Become worse.There is a lot of heavy construction event of fire in recent years, be respectively formed by chamber fire climing to outside wall surface fire
Prolong again to " three-dimensional fire spread " behavior being ignited inside superstructure, bigger than traditional outside wall surface fire spread harm, cause
Mass casualties and property loss, cause the thinking that society is extensive and deep.
Jiangzhou road, Jing'an, Shanghai in 2010 teacher's apartment and flats, owing to electric welder is without card violation operation, cause combustibles around
Ignited by welding slag, cause scaffold burst big fire.Final wrecked number 58 people, injured more than 70 people.The Chinese Central Television (CCTV) in 2009
(CCTV) big fire occurs in new address BeiPeiLou building site, and the intensity of a fire has 80 meters high to 100 meters, and fire causes 1 people dead altogether and 7 people are injured.
Similar case also has the 012 13rd floors house breaking out of fires in recovery mansion, recovery road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, at restricted clearance, fire occurs
After calamity, flame is overflowed to the window of facade by window, and superstructure causes the biggest destruction.
It addition, fire is usually associated with extraneous wind action, skyscraper will with the increase wind speed of vertically height
Constantly increasing, in city, Hong Kong, on height above sea level 32m height, wind speed is about 3-8m/s, and maximum wind velocity can be more than 40m/s.When wind speed model
When enclosing for 5-20m/s, wind speed acts on the blast of building and is up to 15-240Pa, and the pressure reduction that general flame produces is only 5Pa.
Certainly, the thermodynamic behavior of fire dynamics, fire and smoke spread and spilling flame will be produced significantly by external environment condition wind
Impact, causes the research that fire development feature is different under traditional calm condition.
Under strong external environment wind effect, can aggravate to overflow the process of flame " in entering outward ", promote skyscraper
The development of three-dimensional fire spread behavior, thus cause serious fire spread accident.Simultaneously as the wind direction complexity of ambient wind is many
Flame is blowed to adjacent bed and causes even more serious spreading by change, easily generation lateral wind.The most domestic for skyscraper solid fire
Spread (overflowing flame interior by entering outward) behavioral study less, in particular for the three-dimensional fire spread behavior under complex environment wind effect
Research be nearly at blank, scientific research personnel lacks relevant understanding to this, puts out a fire to save life and property and adjust with emergent in engineering staff and scene of fire
Degree is badly in need of corresponding forecast model as aid decision support.Therefore, skyscraper solid fire spread behavior is studied, especially at ring
Under the wind effect of border, its three-dimensional fire spread behavior has very important significance.
Summary of the invention
In order to study complex environment wind to fire of high-rise building solid fire spread behavior and the impact of flame characteristic parameter, basis
Invention offer is a set of can be with the fire simulation experimental apparatus of skyscraper solid fire spread behavior under research environment wind effect.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Skyscraper solid fire behavior analogue experiment installation under a kind of ambient wind effect, including model of high-rise building, burning things which may cause a fire disaster
Analog, rotation platform, three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame and direction-adjustable wind-tunnel, wherein:
Described model of high-rise building is cube shelly, and outer layer is steel construction, embedded ceramic fibre board as heat-barrier material,
Model of high-rise building is provided with four chambers altogether, and lower-left chamber is igniting experiments chamber, and its excess-three chamber is fire spread laboratory,
All chambers are equipped with opening simulant building window, and igniting experiments chamber opening is double-decker, and outer layer is prevented for moving up and down formula
Fire roller shutter, internal layer is the plug-type PLASTIC LAMINATED in left and right；Fire spread laboratory opening is provided with groove and equipped with common building glass；
Model of high-rise building side is provided with high temp glass observation window, and the igniting experiments chamber back side is provided with temperature survey hole, fire spread experiment
The chamber back side is provided with heat-flow measurement hole；
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is three-decker, and top cube formula framework is double-deck dislocation hole diffusion layer, lower taper
Filling fine sand stone and metal gauze in framework, burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is arranged on combustion chamber bottom center of lower floor position, with special
Trachea is connected to gas cylinder, and is provided with flow and Pneumatic controller；
Described rotation platform is discoid, is erected on circular ground rail, couples model of high-rise building above it, circular
Ground rail is spline-simulating, is provided with the gear being engaged with bottom rotation platform, and gear is driven by power transmission shaft and can realize around platform
The arbitrarily angled rotation at center, rotation platform is provided with angle dial in order to accurately regulation and wind direction angle；
Described three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame is combined long quadra, and its middle transverse rod is round outside but spuare inside shaped steel
Pipe, two ends couple screw fastener and are fixed on two heel posts, and screw fastener vertical position on column can arbitrarily regulate,
Middle transverse rod is provided with transversely movable earthenware support, and earthenware support is telescopic mounting, and length range is 0.6-
1.5m, thermocouple may be arranged at the outer optional position of opening and quantity is adjustable, and two heel posts and middle transverse rod are equipped with rule and use
Accurately to regulate thermocouple location；
Described direction-adjustable wind-tunnel is cuboid passage, and its cross section is square, including power section, rectification section, contraction
Section and experimental section, power is provided by the centrifugal speed-changing draught fan of 30kW, and adjusts FREQUENCY CONTROL wind speed by converter, and experimental section sets
Having wind direction regulating device and velocity-measuring system, wind direction regulating device is made up of a series of adjustable plates unifying to rotate upwardly and downwardly.
Present invention advantage compared with existing is:
The present invention establishes a set of research complex environment wind first to skyscraper solid fire spread behavior and flame characteristic
Parameter simulation experimental provision, wind direction, wind speed regulating system safe and convenient, numerical value are accurate, and experimental provision includes indoor and outdoor temperature, heat
The characteristic parameters such as flowmeter measure system, inside fire Phenomena Observation system.The Advantageous Effects of the present invention is embodied in following several
Individual aspect:
(1) skyscraper solid fire spread simulation aspect, model of high-rise building igniting experiments chamber opening is double-decker,
Wide high size is easy to adjust, can study the influencing mechanism of opening yardstick opposition body fire spread, and model of high-rise building side is provided with
High temp glass, can conveniently observe that lower floor igniting experiments layer fire increases, flame overflows and the igniting of upper strata fire spread experiment layer,
The three-dimensional fire spread complete procedure of fire contour level building；
(2) in terms of ambient wind simulation, the centrifugal adjustable engine of 30kW is used can to provide the ambient wind of steady and continuous, its
Fluctuations in wind speed is less than 2%, and experimental section is provided with wind direction regulating device, coordinates rotation platform, can be with the most square under simulating actual conditions
To, the complex environment wind of wind speed (0-15m/s), it is possible to truly building fire under simulation complex environment wind effect (inside fire,
Outside wall surface spreads, upper strata or adjacent bed on fire) complete procedure that develops, can be used for research environment wind to skyscraper solid fire
The influencing mechanism of behavior；
(3) in terms of burning things which may cause a fire disaster simulation, bilayer dislocation porous diffusion layer connect taper reducing pipe and constitute, in taper reducing pipe
Portion's filler metal silk screen and fine sand stone, can reduce fully gas flow rate and can make well gas be evenly distributed on burner put down
On face, it is achieved thereby that the internal phenomenon on fire of simulant building truly, its underpart is connected to fuel gas bottle by trachea, trachea connects
It is connected to Pressure gauge and volume control device, meets the demand of convenient regulation and safety experiment；
(4) in terms of flame characteristic parameter measurement, three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame makes thermocouple in three directions
The most mobile and its quantity can arbitrarily be arranged, and can measure and overflow flame in vertical, radial direction and the three-dimensional temperature in direction, opening both sides
Degree field, model of high-rise building is provided with multifunctional measuring hole, can measure indoor temperature, pressure distribution；Model of high-rise building upper strata
Opening surface is provided with Wall Radiation and heat-flow measurement device, and measurement apparatus position can arbitrarily be arranged, it is simple to research overflows flame to upper
The influencing mechanism of the three-dimensional fire spread of layer building.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is model of high-rise building structural representation；
Fig. 3 is simulant building hatch frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is rotating platform structure schematic diagram, and wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is overall schematic, and Fig. 4 (b) is partial enlarged drawing；
Fig. 5 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog structural representation, and wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is stereoscopic model, and Fig. 5 (b) is layering signal
Figure；
Fig. 6 is three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple shelf structure schematic diagram, and wherein, Fig. 6 (a) is overall schematic, and Fig. 6 (b) is
Partial enlarged drawing.
In figure, reference implication is: 1 is model of high-rise building, and 2 is rotation platform, and 3 is three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple
Frame, 4 is direction-adjustable wind-tunnel, and 5 is centrifugal fan, and 7 is wind direction regulating device, and 8 is igniting experiments chamber, and 9 is fire spread
Laboratory, 10 is windowpane, and 11 is fire resisting shutter, and 12 is PLASTIC LAMINATED, and 13 is groove, and 14 is building glass, and 15 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster mould
Intending device, 16 is temperature and pressure measxurement hole, and 17 is heat-flow measurement device, and 18 is circular ground rail, and 19 is gear, and 20 are
Power transmission shaft, 21 is angle dial, and 22 is double-deck dislocation hole diffusion layer, and 23 is conical diffuser, and 24 is metal gauze, and 25 is thin
Sandstone, 26 is round outside but spuare inside cross bar, and 27 is column, and 28 is rule, and 29 is screw fastener, and 30 is earthenware support.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Seeing Fig. 1, skyscraper solid fire spread analogue experiment installation includes model of high-rise building 1, rotation platform 2, three
Dimension packaged type thermocouple frame 3, direction-adjustable wind-tunnel 4.Direction-adjustable wind-tunnel 4 include power section, rectification section, telescopic section and
Experimental section, power section is provided with 30kW centrifugal fan 5, and blower fan can control power by regulating frequency and export, and rectification section is provided with many
Layer screens 6, experimental section is provided with the wind direction regulating device 7 that can unify to regulate direction.
Seeing Fig. 2, model of high-rise building 1 is double-deck cube formula frame-like, and shell is formed by connecting by steel surface, embedded ceramic
Fibre board is heat-barrier material, is divided into igniting experiments chamber 8 and fire spread laboratory 9, and upper and lower two-layer is all provided with height in two sides
Temperature windowpane 10.Igniting experiments chamber simulant building opening is double-decker, and outer layer is provided with upper and lower Bidirectional mobile fire resisting shutter
11, internal layer be provided with left and right two-way can plug-type PLASTIC LAMINATED 12, can by adjust spacing control opening width high size, opening width height chi
Very little range of accommodation is 0-0.25m.Fire spread laboratory opening part is provided with groove 13, can install common building glass 14.
Seeing Fig. 3, igniting experiments cavity bottom center is provided with burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog 15, and the back side is provided with temperature and pressure
Measuring hole 16, the fire spread laboratory back side is provided with heat-flow measurement device 17.
Seeing Fig. 4, rotation platform is erected on circular ground rail 18, is provided with gear 19 and engages bottom it, gear by
Power transmission shaft 20 drives may be implemented in and rotates on circular ground rail, and angle of regulation range is 0-180 °, and rotation platform is provided with angle
Degree graduated disc 21.
Seeing Fig. 5, burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is gas burner, is provided with three layers of diffusion current stabilization layer, upper cubic framework altogether
For bilayer dislocation hole diffusion layer 22, bottom is conical diffuser 23, its internal filler metal silk screen 24 and fine sand stone 25, it is possible to decrease
Air velocity, and make gaseous fuel be evenly distributed on burner surface.
Seeing Fig. 6, three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame is made up of with two heel posts 27 some round outside but spuare inside cross bars 26, column
Be equipped with rule 28 on cross bar, cross bar is fixed on two heel posts by screw fastener 29, cross bar be provided with removable, can stretch
The earthenware support 30 of contracting.
Experiment 1, affects machine when being used as research complex environment wind to skyscraper solid fire spread and flame characteristic parameter
Time processed, first, indoor and outdoor temperature is measured system and arranges, and guarantee that three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame and Multi-functional indoor are surveyed
Metering-orifice works well.Burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is connected gas cylinder as experiment fire by trachea and pressure and volume control device
Source.A/F, highly is determined by regulation igniting laboratory ectonexine aperture pitch.Wood is placed at fire spread laboratory
Stamp as combustible.Open blower fan, progressively regulate to test frequency, and determine wind direction by wind direction regulating device.Preparatory work of experiment
Ready, Kindling paper is lighted and puts into combustor by opening, open rapidly gas cylinder, effusion meter control valve is lighted a fire.Igniting
While start to gather relevant experimental data, by regulation flow-control fire source power, it can be observed that inside fire increase and
The phenomenon of final three-dimensional fire spread, regulation blower fan frequency, Wind Control device coordinate rotation platform can study different wind direction, wind
Fire of high-rise building solid fire spread phenomenon under the ambient wind effect of speed.(opening size, ambient wind wind direction, wind under different operating modes
Speed) experiment need wait BUILDINGS MODELS cooling after, repeat preparation process.
Experiment 2, when external wall glass being ruptured influencing mechanism as research environment wind, first tests chamber in fire spread
Common building glass is installed at room simulation open recess, radiation and heat-flow device are arranged in three-dimensional packaged type thermoelectricity simultaneously
On even frame, in order to measure Wall Radiation and heat flow data.Install the empirically regulation of method described in 1 igniting experiments layer opening
Size, gas flow, ambient wind wind direction, wind speed, experimental arrangement is ready gets final product igniting experiments, starts simultaneously at collection related experiment number
According to.After the experiment of (opening size, ambient wind wind direction, wind speed) needs to wait BUILDINGS MODELS cooling under different operating modes, repeat standard
Standby step.
Claims (1)
1. skyscraper solid fire behavior analogue experiment installation under an ambient wind effect, it is characterised in that: include skyscraper
Model, burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog, rotation platform, three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame and direction-adjustable wind-tunnel, wherein:
Described model of high-rise building is cube shelly, and outer layer is steel construction, and embedded ceramic fibre board is as heat-barrier material, high-rise
BUILDINGS MODELS is provided with four chambers altogether, and lower-left chamber is igniting experiments chamber, and its excess-three chamber is fire spread laboratory, all
Chamber is equipped with opening simulant building window, and igniting experiments chamber opening is double-decker, and outer layer is for moving up and down formula fireproof rolling
Curtain, internal layer is the plug-type PLASTIC LAMINATED in left and right；Fire spread laboratory opening is provided with groove and equipped with common building glass；High-rise
BUILDINGS MODELS side is provided with high temp glass observation window, and the igniting experiments chamber back side is provided with temperature survey hole, fire spread laboratory
The back side is provided with heat-flow measurement hole；
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is three-decker, and top cube formula framework is double-deck dislocation hole diffusion layer, lower taper framework
Interior filling fine sand stone and metal gauze, burning things which may cause a fire disaster analog is arranged on combustion chamber bottom center of lower floor position, uses special trachea
It is connected to gas cylinder, and is provided with flow and Pneumatic controller；
Described rotation platform is discoid, is erected on circular ground rail, couples model of high-rise building, circular ground above it
Track is spline-simulating, is provided with the gear being engaged with bottom rotation platform, and gear is driven by power transmission shaft and can realize around Platform center
Arbitrarily angled rotation, rotation platform is provided with angle dial in order to accurately regulation and wind direction angle；
Described three-dimensional packaged type thermocouple frame is combined long quadra, and its middle transverse rod is round outside but spuare inside shape steel tube, two
End couples screw fastener and is fixed on two heel posts, and screw fastener vertical position on column can arbitrarily regulate, middle
Cross bar is provided with transversely movable earthenware support, and earthenware support is telescopic mounting, and length range is 0.6-1.5m, heat
Galvanic couple may be arranged at the outer optional position of opening and quantity is adjustable, and two heel posts and middle transverse rod are equipped with rule in order to accurately to adjust
Joint thermocouple location；
Described direction-adjustable wind-tunnel is cuboid passage, its cross section be square, including power section, rectification section, contraction section and
Experimental section, power is provided by the centrifugal speed-changing draught fan of 30kW, and adjusts FREQUENCY CONTROL wind speed by converter, and experimental section is provided with wind
To adjusting means and velocity-measuring system, wind direction regulating device is made up of a series of adjustable plates unifying to rotate upwardly and downwardly.
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| CN106526069A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-03-22 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | Environment wind field simulation unit and environment wind field simulation system applied to fireproof performance test of building exterior wall |
| CN106645552A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-10 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | Device for testing fireproof performance of external facade of building |
| CN107687930A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-02-13 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | A kind of combustion wind tunnel experimental system and experimental method |
| CN108320650A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of lower ship open top cabin fire test simulator of ambient wind effect |
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| CN108806457A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of simulator that research wind environment moderate heat overflow is spread in long-narrow confined space |
| CN108877455A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-23 | 公安部上海消防研究所 | A kind of modularization fire of high-rise building experiment simulator |
| CN109003501B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-01-08 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire simulation experiment device and method for researching building fireproof space |
| CN109003501A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-14 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | A kind of fire simulation experimental apparatus and experimental method for studying building fire protection spacing |
| CN109459257B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-09-03 | 重庆大学 | Pilot system is influenced on building structure under a kind of wind fire coupling |
| CN109459257A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-12 | 重庆大学 | Pilot system is influenced on building structure under a kind of wind fire coupling |
| CN110441467A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect |
| CN112100720A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-18 | 东南大学 | Artificial intelligence city design form layout method for improving wind environment |
| CN112100720B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-03-16 | 东南大学 | Artificial intelligence city design form layout method for improving wind environment |
| CN112697954A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN112697955A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Multifunctional large-scale internal-external interaction three-dimensional fire spreading experimental device |
| CN112697954B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN113109284A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-13 | 桂林理工大学 | Spectrum test platform for low-carbon chemical combustion products |
| CN113888950A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Village historic building fire induces building group fire simulation experiment device under effect of environmental wind |
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