CN110441467A - A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect - Google Patents
A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN110441467A CN110441467A CN201910794992.2A CN201910794992A CN110441467A CN 110441467 A CN110441467 A CN 110441467A CN 201910794992 A CN201910794992 A CN 201910794992A CN 110441467 A CN110441467 A CN 110441467A
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- solid fuel
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- wind
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ambient winds to act on lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision, including varied angle solid fuel experimental bench, air feed system and data acquisition processing system.Varied angle solid fuel experimental bench can convert experimental material size according to requirement of experiment, and experimental bench side connects angle adjustment disk can be with any rotation, the ambient wind of Binding experiment platform different from wind-tunnel disposing way analog different directions and size；Experimental bench back thermocouple frame is combined type rectangular structure, and cooperation front packaged type thermocouple frame can complete the measurement of experiment relevant parameter in conjunction with heat-flow measurement system and camera system with the temperature of measurement experiment material any position.The present invention establishes a set of research coupling ambient wind and tilt angle acts on lower construction material fire spread imitative experimental appliance, air feed system is safely, conveniently, accurately, experimental provision has complete parameter measurement system, can study the complete procedure that construction material under the conditions of varying environment lights sprawling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fire hazard safety, are in particular to design a kind of lower solid fuel change of ambient wind effect
Angle fire spread experimental provision, the solid fuel ignition and fire under acting on for the forced convection to different wind speed, wind direction are climing
Prolong the research of behavior.
Background technique
As modern architecture develops to large space, multi-functional direction, the type for the combustible material that building interior uses and
Quantity also gradually increases, and easily induction fire, rate of propagation are exceedingly fast, produce to building safety and greatly threaten.Construction material
Burning be solid fire spread one kind, due to its constituent complexity, it is on fire after fire spread trend be difficult to control.Therefore solid
The research of surface flame spread has biggish practical significance for the prevention and treatment of building fire.
In actual fire scenario, the tilt angle of ambient wind and material is that influence solid fuel ignition rate and fire are climing
An important factor for prolonging speed.Ambient wind acts on lower coupling of the construction material burning surface by buoyancy and forced convection, makes
It obtains solid material heat transfer and combustion product transport process and extraneous calm situation is different；And different inclination angle
Meeting is spent so that the relative position of flame and material changes, to change the heat transfer situation that material surface is subject to.
The research of forefathers is directed to ambient wind and material tilt angle to solid fuel ignition characteristic and fire spread row respectively
For influence inquired into.The influence of ambient wind: Loh et al. has studied ambient wind to horizontal hot thicker PMMA fire spread behavior
Influence, it was found that linear relationship is presented in ambient wind and flame spread rates；It is wide that Zhao Luyao discloses heat thickness material under tailwind conditions
Spend to the influencing mechanism of flame structure and flame spread rates, based on amendment Spalding number, establish based on flame stay separation from
Flame spread rates model；Wu et al. passes through wind speed pair in the case of the adverse current fire spread of the technique study of experiment and numerical simulation
The influence of PMMA fireclay weld, discovery flow velocity increase will lead to PMMA ignition delay, and fireclay weld reduces；Chao et al. is ground
Fair current fire spread rule under external air flow flow velocity and oxygen concentration coupling is studied carefully, has been reflected by the length of flame, flame temperature
Influence size of the air velocity to spread process；Ajay V.Singh et al. has studied ambient wind to horizontal solid fuel ignition
The influence of burn rate；Fang Jun et al. has studied non-char-forming material PMMA ignition time and surface temperature rise with wind speed and external radiation
The Evolvement of hot-fluid.The influence of material tilt angle: Chen Xiao et al. have studied material tilt angle to material combustion rate and
The influence of flame forms；M.J.Gollner et al. has studied the flame spread rates changing rule of PMMA under differing tilt angles, hair
The flame spread rates of existing material increase with the increase of tilt angle；H.Ohtani et al. has studied material under different angle degree
The variation relation of burn rate and heat transfer coefficient；Nakamura et al. has studied slim PMMA being pyrolyzed under different angle of heat
Fire and spread process, find when material angle is between -90 °~30 °, material positive ignition time with angle increase and
Increase.
It can be seen that forefathers by the investigation and analysis to prior art and single shadow had focused largely on to the research of solid fuel
Under conditions of the factor of sound, the fire spread and combustion characteristics of research environment wind or the lower material of tilt angle effect can not measure ring
The characteristic parameter of material combustion, larger with actual fire scenario gap under border wind and tilt angle coupling.And it is existing
The data that experimental method measures are more single, have no related special Experimental Study System.Therefore urgent need, which researches and develops one kind, to have
The combustible Spread Characteristics reality that effect control simulates solid fuel fire scenario in actual environment, is capable of fine measurement experiment parameter
Experiment device.
For this purpose, present invention design and having developed the fire simulation experiment system of solid fuel ignition and sprawling a kind of, realize
Can simulate under varying environment wind speed, wind direction, scantling and material tilt angle coupling solid fuel ignition and
The experimental provision of sprawling, for features ginsengs such as Temperature Distribution, heat flux distribution and flame forms during research solid fuel ignition
Number development law provides a whole set of solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ambient winds to act on the lower simulator for becoming inclination angle solid fuel ignition, in order to
Burning behavior and Spread Characteristics of the enough research environment wind abundant in the case where testing scale to differing tilt angles solid fuel.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect, the device include the combustion of varied angle solid
Expect experimental bench, air feed system and data acquisition processing system；Wherein:
The main body of the varied angle solid fuel experimental bench includes: bottom support frame, angle adjustment device, materials for support
The fixed device of plate, materials for support frame, material, flame extension plate and measuring system composition.The bottom support frame, flame prolong
Long slab and materials for support frame are using aluminum profile as material；The angle adjustment device, materials for support plate, material fixed strip are with stainless
Steel is material.
The angle adjustment device is made of angular adjustment disk and angle fixing bolt.Angular adjustment disk and bottom support frame
It is connected by bolt, angle fixing bolt is connected with materials for support frame.By angle fixing bolt by materials for support frame
It is fixed on specified angle, the angle of regulation range of materials for support frame and horizontal plane is 0~180 degree.
The solid fuel is placed on materials for support plate center, is fixed by left and right sides material fixed strip.The two sides of material
While being sealed by material fixed strip.
The flame extension plate is connected with materials for support plate by bolt, length can according to experiment Flame length into
Row elongation is shunk.
The data acquisition processing system includes temperature measurement system, heat-flow measurement system, wind velocity measurement system and camera shooting
System, in which: the temperature measurement system includes two parts, a part be placed inside solid fuel more from top to bottom
The thermocouple of arrangement, for measuring material internal Temperature Distribution, another part is the thermocouple on the 2-D guide rail of fuel side, is led to
It crosses the position of computer control 2-D guide rail and then measures flame and gas temperature distribution above material；The heat-flow measurement system packet
The multiple heat-flow meters from top to bottom placed inside solid fuel are included, the flame heat flux distribution received for measuring solid；
The wind velocity measurement system includes that the measuring wind speed dress being vertically distributed is placed between varied angle solid fuel experimental bench and blower
It sets；The camera system is to set up a high-speed camera in varied angle solid fuel experimental bench side, solid for real-time monitoring
Fluid fuel spreads behavior.
The air feed system, including be arranged in testing stand side small-sized wind tunnel, blower side is fixed with the more array current stabilizations of one side
Pipe, it is uniformly distinguished and admirable for providing；The blower setting speed regulation valve, wind speed is adjustable；Air feed system four sides is by light-permeable glass enclosure
At the experimental situation that formation is unidirectionally divulged information can provide uniform and stable ambient wind.
Wherein, by being bolted between the experimental bench different component, component is detachable.To study different size solids
Fuel combustion characteristics design the materials for support plate of multiple and different sizes and measurement position.
Wherein, the solid fuel be Flammable Solid Class 4.1 material, as acrylic, wood materials, building thermal insulation material XPS,
Glued board etc..
The advantages of present invention is compared with existing is:
The present invention establishes a set of research coupling complex environment wind for the first time and material tilt angle acts on lower solid fuel fire
Sprawling behavior and flame characteristic Experiment Parameter device, wind direction, wind speed are adjustable, and system safe and convenient, numerical value are accurate.The present invention
Advantageous effects be embodied in the following aspects:
1. the present invention studies the fire-resistance behavior of a variety of Flammable Solid Class 4.1 materials, such as acrylic, wooden material in terms of experimental material
Material, building thermal insulation material XPS, glued board etc. can select corresponding experimental material type, size according to experiment purpose, be used for
Simulate the fire spread behavior of (wind speed, angle) material under varying environment.
It, can be according to experimental material and measurement request more 2. in terms of experimental bench, experimental bench all parts are dismountable structure
Conversion materials support plate.Material tilt angle is adjusted by angle fixed link, and angular adjustment disk shows the inclination of solid fuel
Angle, and then simulate the fire scenario of the solid fuel ignition of different angle.
3. ambient wind simulation aspect, can provide the ambient wind of steady and continuous, wind speed wave using centrifugal adjustable engine
It is dynamic that less than 2%, experimental bench direction can be put according to test requirements document, so that different ambient wind velocity and wind direction are simulated, from
And true simulation complex environment wind acts on lower construction material by lighting the complete procedure of sprawling, can be used for research environment wind pair
The influencing mechanism of construction material fire spread behavior；
4. in terms of experiment parameter measurement, the thermocouple on 2-D guide rail under computer can be any in the two-dimensional direction
Mobile and thermocouple quantity can be according to requiring to be configured, and then measures the two-dimension temperature of flame in the horizontal and vertical directions
, the material back side is equipped with array thermocouple frame, can measure material internal Temperature Distribution；Material internal is equipped with radiation and surveys with hot-fluid
Device is measured, convenient for studying different wind speed and inclination angle to the influencing mechanism of solid fuel fire spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the overall structure of solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision under a kind of ambient wind of the present invention acts on is shown
It is intended to；In figure: 1. brattices；2. rectifying tube；3. wind speed measuring device；4. high-speed camera；
Fig. 2 is the positive structure schematic of varied angle solid fuel fire spread experimental bench；In figure: 5. flame extension plates；6.
Fixing bolt；7.2-D guide rail cross bar；8. heat-flow meter；9.2-D guide rail vertical bar；10. material fixed strip；11. thermocouple；12. material
The horizontal frame of braced frame-；13. materials for support plate；14. materials for support frame-munnion；15. angular adjustment disk；16. angle fixed link；
17. bottom support bracket；
Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram of varied angle solid fuel fire spread experimental bench；In figure: 8. heat-flow meters；12. material
The horizontal frame of braced frame-；18. thermocouple frame；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of material fixed strip 10；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of thermocouple frame 18；In figure: 11. thermocouples；18. thermocouple frame；19. cutting ferrule spiral shell
Silk；
Fig. 6 is 2-D guide rail structure schematic diagram: in figure: 7.2-D guide rail cross bar；9.2-D guide rail vertical bar；11. thermocouple.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect in the present embodiment, including
Varied angle solid fuel fire spread experimental bench, air feed system and data collection system.Entire experimental simulation device such as schemes to place,
It is from left to right air feed system, wind speed measuring device 3, high-speed camera 4 and varied angle solid fuel fire spread experimental bench respectively.
High-speed camera 4 is placed on the left side of experimental bench, for shooting the form and other experimental phenomenas of record experimentation Flame.
Air feed system includes brattice 1 and rectifying tube 2, and brattice 1 includes total four sides, fences up solid fuel fire spread experimental bench to form list
To the space of ventilation.1 material of brattice is light-permeable glass.
Referring to fig. 2, material bottom support bracket 17 is T font aluminum alloy frame.Angular adjustment disk 15 and bottom support branch
Frame 17 is fixed by bolt.The center of circle of angular adjustment disk 15 is located at the center of 17 vertical bar of bottom support bracket, angle tune
Save the top flush of 15 top and bottom supporting support of disk, 17 vertical bar.Materials for support frame is by two materials for support frames-
Composition, materials for support frame-munnion 14 midpoint and bottom is bolted in horizontal frame 12 and two materials for support frame-munnions 14
Portion's supporting support 17, angular adjustment disk 15 are attached by the same bolt.There is a semi-arched hollow out on angular adjustment disk 15,
The semi-arched hollow out that angle fixed link 16 passes through angular adjustment disk 15 is fixed on materials for support frame-munnion 14 side, passes through
Materials for support frame is fixed on certain oblique angular position by bolt.Materials for support plate 13 is placed on materials for support frame,
Four angles are fixed by bolt and materials for support frame.Flame extension plate 5 is connected by fixing bolt 6 and materials for support plate 13
It connects, 5 length of flame extension plate can need to extend or shrink according to experiment.2-D guide rail is fixed on the right side of materials for support plate 13.
Thermocouple is fixed on 2-D guide rail, and controls its position by computer.Heat-flow meter 8 is arranged in the center of materials for support plate 13, from
Top to bottm is distributed according to identical spacing.Heat-flow meter 8 is rotated by threaded hole to materials for support plate 13 from 13 back of materials for support plate
Front distance to a declared goal, and be fixed by screw thread.Experimental material is placed in the center of materials for support plate 13, is fixed by material
Item 10 is fixed through bolt and materials for support plate 13.
Referring to Fig. 3, thermocouple frame 18 is arranged in the back side of materials for support plate 13 according to identical spacing from top to bottom, and leads to
Bolt is crossed to be fixed.Heat-flow meter 8 is rotated from 13 back side of materials for support plate to front by threaded hole.
Referring to fig. 4,10 cross section of material fixed strip is L-shaped, wherein relatively thin stainless steel strip is partially covered on experimental material
On, thicker stainless steel strip part is fixed by bolt with materials for support plate 13.The thickness of material fixed strip 10 is according to material
Material thickness is adjusted, and the side of material is closed.
Referring to Fig. 5, card sets of screws 19 are threadedly secured on thermocouple frame 18, and thermocouple 11 is from card sets of screws 19
Between pass through, and pass through card sets of screws and adjust fixed position.
Referring to Fig. 6,2-D guide rail is made of 2-D guide rail vertical bar 9 and 2-D guide rail cross bar 7.2-D guide rail vertical bar 9 and 2-D guide rail
Cross bar 7 is connected by cross bar track, and thermocouple 11 is fixed on 2-D guide rail vertical bar 9.It can control 2-D guide rail by computer
The progress of vertical bar 9 is moved in the horizontal direction along 2-D guide rail cross bar 7, and control 11 row of thermocouple move down along 2-D guide rail vertical bar
It is dynamic.
Experiment 1: influencing mechanism of the research complex environment wind to the fire spread of skyscraper solid and flame characteristic parameter.It is first
First, experimental bench is rotated to specified tilt angle, experimental bench front and back temperature measuring system and heat-flow measurement system arrangement
It is good, it is ensured that 2-D guide rail, heat-flow meter and thermocouple work well.Experimental material is fixed at experimental bench center, heat-flow meter and reality
Preset hole of the platform back thermocouple in experimental material is tested, experimental material two sides are wrapped up and be fixed on specified by material fixed strip
Position.Adjustment camera position simultaneously determines shooting ratio.Blower is opened, assigned frequency is gradually adjusted to, is adjusted by wind direction
Device determines wind direction.Preparatory work of experiment is ready, with the uniform ignition-material bottom of gas fire source.Start while igniting acquire hot-fluid with
Temperature data, high-speed camera record propagation of flame and evolution process.Adjust blower frequency, Wind Control device adapting device
Rotation can study different wind directions, the ambient wind of wind speed acts on lower skyscraper material fire solid fire spread phenomenon.Different works
After the experiment of (experimental bench tilt angle, ambient wind wind direction, wind speed) needs to wait experimental bench material cooling under condition, repeat to prepare
Step.
Experiment 2: research environment wind extinguishes influencing mechanism to building kindling material.First by the arrangement of method described in experiment 1
And pilot scale study instrument.Preparatory work of experiment is ready, with the uniform ignition-material bottom of gas fire source.Start to acquire hot-fluid while igniting
With temperature data, high-speed camera records the process of propagation of flame and differentiation.Blower frequency is adjusted, adapting device placement angle is
Different wind directions can be studied, the ambient wind of wind speed acts on the experiment that lower skyscraper material fire is changed into extinguishing by spreading.Gradually
Increase experiment wind speed, until material extinguishes.(experimental bench tilt angle, ambient wind wind direction, wind speed) is tested for multiple groups, is needed
After material cooling, preparation process is repeated.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of ambient wind acts on lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision, it is characterised in that: the device includes becoming
Angle solid fuel experimental bench, air feed system and data acquisition processing system；Wherein:
The main body of the varied angle solid fuel experimental bench includes: bottom support frame, angle adjustment device, materials for support plate, material
Expect the fixed device of braced frame, material, flame extension plate and measuring system composition, the bottom support frame and materials for support frame
Frame is using aluminum profile as material；The fixed device of the angle adjustment device, materials for support plate, material is using stainless steel as material；
The angle adjustment device is made of angular adjustment disk and angle fixing bolt, and angular adjustment disk passes through with bottom support frame
It is bolted, angle fixing bolt is connected with materials for support frame, is fixed on materials for support frame by angle fixing bolt
The angle of regulation range of specified angle, materials for support frame and horizontal plane is 0~180 degree；
The solid fuel is placed on materials for support plate center, is fixed by left and right sides material fixed strip, the two sides of material by
Material fixed strip is sealed；
The flame extension plate is connected with materials for support plate, and length can be extended or be received according to experiment Flame length
Contracting；
The data acquisition processing system includes temperature measurement system, heat-flow measurement system, wind velocity measurement system and camera system,
Wherein: the temperature measurement system includes the thermocouple of the multi beam placed inside solid fuel from top to bottom, for measuring material
The thermocouple placed in material interior temperature distribution and fuel side 2-D guide rail, by computer control the position of 2-D guide rail into
And measure flame and air themperature distribution above material；The heat-flow measurement system include placed inside solid fuel it is multiple
Heat-flow meter from top to bottom, the flame heat flux distribution received for measuring solid；The wind velocity measurement system is in varied angle
A branch of wind speed measuring point is placed between solid fuel experimental bench and blower；The tangible varied angle solid fuel experimental bench of camera system
Side sets up a high-speed camera, for recording solid fuel fire-resistance behavior in real time；
The air feed system, including be arranged in testing stand side small-sized wind tunnel, blower side is fixed with the more array steady flow pipes of one side, uses
It is uniformly distinguished and admirable in providing；The blower setting speed regulation valve, wind speed is adjustable；Air feed system four sides is surrounded by light-permeable glass, shape
At the experimental situation unidirectionally divulged information, uniform and stable ambient wind can be provided.
2. a kind of ambient wind according to claim 1 acts on lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision, special
Sign is: by being bolted between experimental bench different component, component is detachable, special to study different size solid fuel combustions
Property, design the materials for support plate of multiple and different sizes and measurement position.
3. a kind of ambient wind according to claim 1 acts on lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision, special
Sign is: the solid fuel is Flammable Solid Class 4.1 material, specially acrylic, wood materials, building thermal insulation material XPS or glue
Plywood.
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| CN113092519A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院 | Wire rod combustion characteristic test device |
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| CN116678916A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-09-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Forest fire spreading monitoring system and method based on fuel bed |
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