CN113888950B - Fire simulation experiment device for village ancient building fire induction building group under effect of environmental wind - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire simulation experiment device for a village and old building fire induced building group under the action of environmental wind, which is mainly used for researching the evolution behavior of flame overflowing from an opening and developing outwards after the village and old building fire occurs and the evolution rule and behavior characteristics of building group fire occurrence-development-spread under the action of external environmental wind. The invention comprises an air supply system, a building group model, a fire source system, a quality monitoring system and a matched measurement monitoring system. The device can simulate the fire spreading evolution law of village ancient building groups under the action of different environmental winds, and research and characterize the relevant parameter change of the evolution mechanism. The invention establishes the experimental device model for simulating the fire overflow behavior of the village ancient building group fire disaster opening for the first time, can simulate the fire spread and smoke diffusion behavior of the village ancient building group induced by the village ancient building group fire overflow under the action of environmental wind more truly, and has important reference significance and value for formulating effective village ancient building fire prevention and control, smoke control and reduction methods.

Description

Fire simulation experiment device for village ancient building fire induction building group under effect of environmental wind

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a device for simulating and testing fire of a village and old building fire-induced building group under the action of environmental wind, which is used for researching fire spread and smoke transportation behaviors of the village and old building open fire overflow-induced building group under the action of the environmental wind.

Background

The traditional village is integrated with folk history and ancient architecture art, and is an important treasury of the history culture and the ancient architecture of China. The residential buildings in villages are adjacently connected, the building space is smaller, once a fire disaster occurs in a certain room in the villages, flames are extremely easy to overflow from window openings to form building opening fire overflow, and the overflowed flames are extremely easy to ignite adjacent external buildings, especially when the external environment wind acts, wind-assisted fire is generated, and external large-scale fire spread and smoke diffusion are formed. 3 months 2013, fire disaster occurs in the ancient city scenic spot of Lijiang, and 13 buildings among 103 buildings are burned; in 1 month 2014, strong fire is suddenly generated in Duke Zong ancient city, and more than 300 old houses are burnt; weng Dingcun old village, known as "the final original clan in China", has suffered from a fire nearly destroyed by 2021, 2 and 14 days. The spread of fire in these village ancient building groups can be basically described as: the indoor small fire gradually develops from the fuel control combustion to the ventilation control combustion from the deficiency of air supplementing and oxygen supplying and forms external opening flame overflow, the overflowed flame diffuses to the periphery under the action of external environment wind, and the adjacent buildings are ignited, so that the fire scale is further enlarged, and the large-scale fire spread and smoke diffusion of village building groups are formed. The village ancient architecture large-scale fire spreading behavior influenced by external environmental wind is very complex, the difficulty of developing full-scale real fire experiment is high, a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are required to be consumed, and precious experimental characteristic parameters are also very difficult to extract.

The fire overflow of the openings of the ancient village buildings under the action of environmental wind induces the fire spread of building groups to mainly relate to two interrelated fire scenes: (1) When the indoor fire breaks out, the ambient wind forms a complex turbulence flow field structure in the building group and directly or indirectly acts on the indoor fire, and when the indoor fire overflows with open flame due to insufficient oxygen supply, the ambient wind forms a complex turbulence flow field in the building group and acts on the overflowed flame, so that the overflowed flame propagates downstream in the wind direction; (2) The overflowing flame ignites adjacent buildings under the action of external environmental wind, so that the fire scale is further enlarged, and the village building group fire is formed. In recent years, students at home and abroad use decoupling ideas to assume the fire spread of a building community under the action of environmental wind as a complex fire spread combustion process of solid combustible matters (wood, wall surface decorative materials and the like) (single building is simulated by wood), and a continuous complete process of fire spread of the building community induced by fire inside the building is not considered. Therefore, a small-size experimental model which is closer to the actual situation is built, is a good choice for researching the fire spread and smoke diffusion rule of the building group, and is beneficial to researching the fire spread behavior of the building group, so that the fire spread and smoke diffusion are effectively predicted and prevented.

The prior related patents generally refer to the study of the overflow behavior of the opening fire of a single room under the windless condition, such as patent publication number CN104730198A (a simulation experiment device for the fireproof structure and the performance of the outer wall of a building), CN101696888A (a simulation experiment device for the fire disaster of the outer wall surface of a city building), CN102052936A (a fire disaster experiment device for the heat preservation system of the outer wall of a building) and CN106645552A (a fire resistance experiment device for the outer wall of a building), wherein the related study of the fire disaster of the city building is carried out, and the invention relates to the room (combustion chamber) of the building and the outer wall of the building (the simulation outer wall of the building); the publication numbers CN104730198A and CN106645552a focus on studying building fire protection structure and performance; the patent publication number is CN101696888A, which focuses on studying the fire disaster characteristics of the outer wall surface of the building; CN102052936a focuses on studying fire rules of external wall insulation systems of buildings and fire protection tests of buildings. In addition, as patent publication nos. CN106875822A (an external building fire simulator), CN103761919a (an external wind-operated chamber fire simulator), CN108806457a (an simulator for studying the spread of fire overflow in a long and narrow limited space), CN106228890a (an environmental wind-operated high-rise building three-dimensional fire behavior simulator), which mainly study the influence of environmental wind on urban building fires, simulate environmental wind directly acting on building external fire. The above patents are all for researching urban building facade fire under the action of no wind and environmental wind, and do not relate to the influence of the environmental wind on the fire spread and smoke diffusion of building groups.

By searching related patents, the research on the fire disaster of the village ancient building group under the action of environmental wind is not related, so that a related fire simulation experiment device can be established to research the fire disaster spreading and smoke diffusion behaviors of the building group caused by the overflow of the fire of the village ancient building under the action of the environmental wind. In order to more fully study the complex boundary conditions formed by the environmental wind and the village building group, the invention designs a set of rotatable building village group experiment platform, and the village experiment platform is rotated to set different incoming flow environmental wind directions, so that the influence mechanism of the external complex environmental wind on the fire spread and the smoke diffusion behavior of the building group is studied.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to develop the relevant experimental study of the fire spread of the building group and the smoke diffusion process under the effect of environmental wind which is more close to the actual condition, the invention aims to provide the experimental device for simulating the fire of the building group induced by the fire of the ancient building in villages under the effect of environmental wind.

The technical solution for achieving the above purpose of the present invention is as follows: the utility model provides a village ancient building conflagration induces building crowd conflagration simulation experiment device under environmental wind effect, includes air supply system, building crowd model, monomer combustion chamber, fire source system, quality monitoring system and supporting measurement monitored control system. Wherein:

the wind supply system is used for simulating external environment wind conditions, comprises a fan, a rectifying tube and a wind supply outlet, has a wind speed range of 0-10m/s and is used for providing external wind fields required by village building groups under the effect of simulated environment wind.

The building group model is used for simulating a real village building group scene and comprises a plurality of monomer combustion chambers with the same scale. The schematic drawing is a building group model with the scale of 5 multiplied by 5, the number of the single combustion chambers can be expanded or reduced according to actual conditions, and the number and the size of the combustion chambers can be arranged according to actual requirements.

The single combustion chamber is of a cube structure, a first steel plate is used as a frame for welding, a fireproof plate is lined in the single combustion chamber, a window opening door plate is arranged on one side of the chamber, window openings of different sizes can be simulated by replacing the door plate, a glass window is arranged on the side face of the chamber, a support is welded below the chamber, universal rollers are welded at the tail ends of the support, the chamber can be rotated at will and the position of the support can be fixed, and thermocouple orifices and heat flow meter orifices are arranged at equal distances from the top and the side face of the chamber and used for measuring the internal temperature and heat flow related parameters of the chamber. And a fire source system is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber. Optionally, the fireproof plate is made of calcium silicate.

The fire source system is used for providing a fire source in a fire simulation experiment.

The window openings comprise three window openings, one is a window opening without any shielding; a side-hung window is composed of a window with a side edge, a rotary axle fixed to the side edge of window, a glass plate with same size as window, and a rotary axle arranged on the top edge of window for rotating glass door plate along said rotary axle to design the included angle between different window and building.

The fire source system is divided into solid, liquid and gas fuels, a square porous gas burner is arranged at the center of the bottom of the chamber, the square porous gas burner is welded by a steel plate, glass beads are uniformly paved in the square porous gas burner for uniformly mixing gas, the lower part of the burner is connected with a steel pipe, and the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle (such as propane, methane and the like); solid fuel (e.g., wood stacks, PMMA, etc.) is placed at a designated location inside the chamber and ignited by a gas burner; the liquid burns and the fuel is poured into the oil pan and placed in the chamber, which is ignited by the igniter.

The quality monitoring system is used for measuring the burning quality loss rate of building groups (solid and liquid) in real time, the building groups are placed on the cavity supporting plate, the cavity supporting plate is placed on the quality monitoring system, the turntable is arranged below the cavity supporting plate, and the angle of the turntable can be adjusted by the computer terminal control system.

The temperature measurement system is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket, and thermocouples are arranged on the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket and used for measuring the temperature distribution of the three-dimensional space outside the building. The three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is a detachable support, the cylindrical screw rod is connected with the support rod through the conversion head, and the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is fixed at any position through screws, so that the three-dimensional space temperature distribution outside the building is measured.

The measuring and monitoring system comprises a cavity group side digital camera, a cavity group rear digital camera, a cavity group front laser source sheet optical device, a cavity group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system and a computer terminal control system; the cavity group side digital cameras are used for shooting the whole process of flame overflow, propagation and spread of the side cavity; the laser source light device in front of the cavity group is used for observing the flow and diffusion behaviors of the smoke; the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system above the cavity group controls the photographing visual angle and the photographing range of the camera through the computer terminal control system, and photographs the whole process of spreading and spreading the fire from the single combustion cavity to the surrounding building group from top to bottom; the shooting video and image shooting is controlled by a computer terminal control system and is transmitted to the computer terminal control system in real time through wireless.

Further, the fan is sequentially communicated with the rectifying tube and the air supply outlet, and external air is blown in through the fan and reaches the air supply outlet through the rectifying tube.

Further, the single combustion chamber is of a cube structure, the outside is welded and supported by the first steel plate, the lining heat insulation material is a fireproof plate, and the lining heat insulation material is connected and fixed with the first steel plate through screws; the side is equipped with the opening door plant, and adjacent side is provided with the glass window, and the cavity bottom is provided with porous gas burner, and the side of cavity is provided with thermocouple drill way, and top and lower part are provided with the heat flow meter drill way respectively, and the welding of cavity below has the cavity support, and there is the gyro wheel below the support.

Further, the opening door plate is formed by splicing a second steel plate and a fireproof plate, the door plate fixing outer frame is embedded into the opening door plate, and the opening door plate is screwed in a fixing screw to be fixed on the side surface of the single combustion chamber, so that the opening door plate can be replaced with different sizes and in an opening mode; preferably, the opening forms are a casement window and an upper hung window, and different window opening angles can be realized through the rotating shaft.

Furthermore, in the measurement monitoring system, the digital camera on the side face of the cavity group is arranged on one side of the building group model, the computer terminal control system is arranged beside the air supply system, the digital camera on the rear side of the cavity group is arranged on the back face of the building group model, the laser source photo-detector in front of the cavity group is arranged right in front of the building group model, and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system above the cavity group performs position adjustment through the computer terminal control system and moves above the building group model.

Further, the cavity group side digital camera, the cavity group rear digital camera and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system above the cavity group are connected to a computer terminal control system in a wireless mode, and the computer terminal control system controls photographing starting and stopping of the cavity group side digital camera, the cavity group rear digital camera and the unmanned aerial photographing system above the cavity group respectively.

Further, the turntable can rotate according to the edge chassis graduation marks.

Further, the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is supported by a support rod and a screw rod, the tail end of the support rod is of a threaded structure and is fixed with a support base, a support roller is welded on the support base, a conversion head is arranged on the support rod and can slide freely, the side face of the support base is fixed through a screw-in fixing screw, a screw hole is formed in the side face of the conversion head, the screw rod is screwed into the screw rod, the screw rod is connected with the other screw rod through the conversion head, and a ceramic tube is fixed through the conversion head and is used for installing and fixing a thermocouple.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Regarding the fire disaster simulation among rooms in a single village, a single combustion chamber is placed on a quality monitoring system, window opening door plates in different forms, such as window openings, casement windows or top-hung windows, are replaced, and are fixed by bolts, wherein the window opening angles are randomly adjustable, so that the condition that the indoor fire disasters overflow from inside to outside under different window opening forms is realized, and the development and evolution rules of the indoor fire disasters can be observed through window glass on the side surface of the chamber; starting a fan, rotating a turntable to set angles of different environmental wind and the normal direction of the opening of the cavity, and simulating the development and evolution rules of indoor fire under different environmental wind directions and wind speeds;

(2) Regarding fire simulation in a building group, designing corresponding building quantity and placement modes (generally placing through an array) to simulate a village building form under a real scene, generally setting one of chambers as a firing room (used for igniting adjacent buildings), starting a fan, controlling the angle between ambient wind and the normal direction of an opening of the chamber through a computer terminal control system, and simulating the fire spreading and development evolution rules of the building group under different ambient wind directions and wind speeds;

(3) In order to simulate the fire disaster of the building group more truly, the outer surface of the chamber can be wrapped with combustible materials, the fan is started, and the whole process of spreading and spreading overflowing flame to adjacent buildings, especially the fire disaster spreading among the whole building groups, is observed; meanwhile, the condition that the rooms of the building in the whole village are ignited can be simulated, namely, each combustion chamber is supplied with gas fuel for combustion, and the large-scale fire disaster and the spreading condition of the building community under the action of environmental wind are simulated;

(4) The experiment can adopt wide fuel, and can adopt three fuels of solid, liquid and gas to simulate the combustion condition of different combustibles in a room. Wherein the liquid fuel can be combusted in an oil pan simulated oil pool arranged at the bottom of the room; the solid fuel is used for simulating the fire spread of indoor furniture by using wood piles, PMMA and the like; the porous burner is arranged at the bottom of the room for gas combustion, so that the fuel can be fully mixed and fixed through related devices, the supply of the fuel is accurately controlled through the pressure reducing valve and the flowmeter, and meanwhile, the power of different indoor fire sources can be simulated;

(5) Regarding the measurement aspect of relevant parameters in the experiment, the flame characteristic scale and the spreading condition of fire smoke in the building group are shot by adopting a cavity group side digital camera, a cavity group rear digital camera, a cavity group front laser source sheet optical device and an unmanned aerial vehicle above the cavity group in the experiment, thermocouples and heat flow meters are arranged inside the cavity through orifices, the temperature distribution at different heights can be measured in real time through the thermocouples, and the three-dimensional plume and flame temperature field outside the building are measured through a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unitary combustion chamber structure and a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber; schematic structural diagrams of the monomer combustion chamber; (c) a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a building opening door panel; FIG. 3 (a) schematic view of the installation of a building opening door panel, (b) an opening casement window and (c) an overhead window;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a base swivel platform;

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array holder; (a) A three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket overall schematic diagram, and (b) a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket partial enlarged diagram.

The system comprises a 1-air supply system, a 2-fan, a 3-rectifying tube, a 4-air supply outlet, a 5-chamber group front laser source sheet optical device, a 6-chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system, a 7-building group model, an 8-three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support, a 9-chamber group rear digital camera, a 10-rotating chassis, a 11-single combustion chamber, a 12-chamber support plate, a 13-chamber group side digital camera, a 14-quality monitoring system, a 15-computer terminal control system, a 16-glass window, a 17-gas burner, a 18-chamber support, a 19-roller, a 20-opening door plate, a 21-fireproof plate, a 22-first steel plate, a 23-lining heat insulation material, a 24-solid fuel, a 25-thermocouple orifice, a 26-heat flow meter orifice, 27-glass beads, a 28-second steel plate, a 29-window opening, a 30-door plate fixing frame, a 31-fixing screw, a 32-flat opening window, a 33-rotating shaft, a 34-upper suspension window, a 35-base gear, a 36-circular track, a 37-scale line, a 38-base frame, a 39-bracket, a 40-bracket, a first bracket, a 40-bracket rod, a 45-bracket screws, a 43-43 and a screw, and a 43-screw.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, which is a fire simulation experiment device for a village and old building fire induced building group under the action of environmental wind, and mainly comprises an air supply system 1, a building group model 7, a quality monitoring system 14, a rotary chassis 10 and a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket 8. The air supply system 1 is used for providing an external wind field required by a village building group under the action of simulated environmental wind. The air supply system 1 is composed of a fan 2, a rectifying tube 3 and an air supply outlet 4, wherein the fan 2 is sequentially communicated with the rectifying tube 3 and the air supply outlet 4. The rectifying tubes 3 are arranged in rows and columns. Outside air is blown in by the fan 2 and reaches the air supply outlet 4 through the rectifying tube 3, the wind speed range is 0-10m/s, and the outside air is used for providing an outside wind field required by the village building group under the effect of simulated environmental wind. The outlet position of the air supply outlet 4 is opposite to the building group model 7. The building group model 7 is composed of a plurality of single combustion chambers 11 (the building group model 7 is used for simulating a real building village scene and comprises a plurality of single combustion chambers 11 with the same scale, the building group model with the scale of 5 x 5 is schematically shown, the number of the single combustion chambers 11 can be expanded or reduced according to actual conditions, and the number and the size of the combustion chambers can be arranged according to actual requirements). The building group model 7 is placed on the chamber support plate 12, the chamber support plate 12 is placed on the quality monitoring system 14, the quality monitoring system 14 is placed on the rotary chassis 10, and the above devices are all separated devices, and the building group model is directly placed on the rotary chassis without fixation. The chamber support plate 12 is a fireproof plate. The digital camera 13 on the side of the cavity group is arranged on one side of the building group model and is used for shooting the whole process of overflowing, spreading and spreading of the flame of the cavity on the side; the computer terminal control system 15 is arranged beside the air supply system 1 and is far away from the building group model 7 as far as possible, the cavity group side digital video camera 13 is arranged on the side of the building group model 7, and the cavity group rear digital video camera 9 is arranged on the back. Two laser source photo-devices 5 in front of the building group model 7 are arranged, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system 6 above the building group carries out position adjustment through the computer terminal control system 15, the building group model 7 moves, the camera shooting visual angle and range are controlled through the computer terminal control system, and the whole process that fire disasters spread and spread from the single combustion chamber 11 to surrounding building groups is shot from top to bottom. The video and image shooting is controlled by a computer terminal control system and is transmitted to the computer terminal control system in real time through wireless. The cavity group side digital camera 13, the cavity group rear digital camera 9 and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system 6 above the cavity group are respectively connected to the computer terminal control system 15 through wireless, and the computer terminal control system 15 respectively controls photographing start and stop of the cavity group side digital camera 13, the cavity group rear digital camera 9 and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system 6 above the cavity group. In the present invention, the surface of the building group model 7 facing the air supply outlet 4 is regarded as the front surface, and the surface opposite to the front surface is regarded as the back surface. The front of the group model 7 is considered to be the front of the group model 7 in the direction from the front of the group model 7 to the air supply outlet 4.

The laser source sheet light device 5 in front of the cavity group is mainly used for observing the smoke flow and smoke diffusion behavior in the early stage of fire (the early stage of fire refers to the fuel control combustion stage).

The three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is used for temperature measurement and is a detachable support, the cylindrical screw rod is connected with the support rod through the conversion head, and the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is fixed at any position through screws, so that the three-dimensional spatial temperature distribution outside a building is measured.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single combustion chamber and a cross-sectional view (c) of the chamber, wherein the single combustion chamber 11 is in a cubic structure, the outside is welded and supported by a first steel plate 22, a fireproof plate 21 is used for lining heat insulation materials 23 to play a role in heat insulation, and the lining heat insulation materials 23 are connected with the first steel plate 22 through screws; the side is provided with an open door panel 20 and the adjacent side is provided with a glass window 16 made of quartz glass. Inside the unit combustion chamber 11 is a lining insulating material 23 covering the inner side and top inner surface of the unit combustion chamber 11 except for the opening door plate 20 and the glass window 16. The bottom of the inner chamber of the single combustion chamber 11 is provided with a porous gas burner 17 for simulating an indoor fire source, glass beads 27 are uniformly paved in the burner for gas rectification (uniform mixing), the lower part of the burner is connected with a steel pipe, the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle (such as propane, methane and the like), in addition, solid fuel 24 (such as a wood pile, PMMA and the like) can be placed at a designated position in the single combustion chamber 11, and the solid fuel is ignited by the gas burner 17; liquid combustion is then carried out by pouring the fuel into the oil pan and placing it in the chamber and igniting it by means of an igniter (it is to be noted that if solid or liquid is the fuel, this is used by the quality monitoring system 14 for real-time measurement of the mass loss rate of combustion in the building complex (solid or liquid). The side of the single combustion chamber 11 is provided with thermocouple ports 25, the top and the lower part are provided with thermode ports 26, the thermocouple ports 25 are inserted into thermocouples, the thermode ports 26 are inserted into thermode, the thermocouples measure the indoor temperature, and the thermode measures the thermode distribution. A chamber bracket 18 is welded below the single combustion chamber 11, and a roller 19 is arranged below the bracket. For example, the top and bottom are provided with a heat flow meter orifice 26, respectively. Alternatively, thermocouple apertures 25 are equally spaced. Optionally, the heat flow meter orifices 26 are equally spaced. Alternatively, the gas burner 17 is a square porous gas burner.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an architectural opening door panel, in which an opening door panel 20 is mainly embedded by a door panel fixing outer frame 30, and is fixed by screwing in a fixing screw 31, and the opening door panel 20 is formed by splicing a second steel plate 28 and a fireproof plate 21 and is fixed by screws. Three opening forms are mainly designed, namely, the window opening 29, namely, the window is not shielded, the window is completely opened (fig. 3 (a)), the flat-open window 32 (fig. 3 (b)) and the upper-hung window 34 (fig. 3 (c)), a piece of glass is installed on the side surface of the flat-open window 32, the glass is rotated through a side edge rotating shaft 33, and the rotating shaft 33 of the upper-hung window 34 is arranged on the upper edge of the opening, and the glass can be freely rotated and fixed along the rotating shaft 33.

Fig. 4 shows a base rotating platform, the building group model chamber supporting plate 12 is placed on the quality monitoring system 14, the quality monitoring system 14 is placed on the rotating base plate 10, a base gear 35 is welded below the rotating base plate 10 and is fixed in a circular track 36, and base graduation marks 37 are carved on the edge of the rotating base plate 10. The building group model 7 is placed on the chamber support plate 12. The building group model 7 is composed of a plurality of individual combustion chambers 11.

Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support 8, wherein the frames supported by a support rod 40 and a screw rod 44 are round rods and are provided with first scale marks 41, the tail end of the support rod 40 is provided with threads, the support rod can be screwed into a support base 39, the support base 39 is welded with a support roller 38, a conversion head 43 is arranged on the support rod 40 and can freely slide on the support rod, screws 42 are screwed into the side surfaces of the conversion head 43 for fixation, screw holes are formed in the side surfaces of the conversion head 43 and screw in the screw rod 44, the screw rod 44 is connected with the other screw rod 44 through the conversion head 43, a ceramic tube 45 is fixed through the conversion head 43, and the ceramic tube 45 is used for installing and fixing thermocouples.

Experiment 1: based on the technical background, the fire scene (1) can be used for establishing the experimental device, researching the influence of the combustion condition of the single cavity in the building group on the propagation and spreading of overflowing flame under the action of environmental wind, arranging a 5×5 square building group array, wherein one combustion cavity (a cavity at the central position) uses a gas burner 17 as a fire source, other cavities are not provided with any combustible substances, are connected with a mass flowmeter and a propane gas cylinder for gas supply, simulating indoor combustion, starting a fan 2, gradually increasing the combustion heat release rate of the indoor fire source, inserting a heat flow meter and a thermocouple through a heat flow meter orifice 26 and a side thermocouple orifice 25 at the top and the bottom of the cavity to measure the heat flow and the temperature distribution of the side wall of the cavity, simultaneously opening a digital camera 13 at the side face of the cavity group, a digital camera 9 at the rear of the cavity group, a laser source photo-optical device 5 at the front of the cavity group and an unmanned aerial vehicle photographing system 6 above the cavity group, respectively measuring the flame height, the width, the length, the scroll vortex size and the spreading range of the smoke, revealing the flame characteristic scale and the spreading range of the fire under the action of the external complex environmental wind, simultaneously measuring the three-dimensional temperature field outside the building, and simultaneously, and the influence of the fire on the single cavity combustion space 11 in the building group can be changed by moving the experimental roller 7 in the experimental group.

Experiment 2: based on the technical background of the fire scene (2) (the overflowing flame fires adjacent buildings under the action of external environmental wind, so that the fire scale is further enlarged to form village building group fire), the experimental device can be established, the combustion condition of a plurality of single chambers (building group models 7) under the action of the environmental wind is studied, each combustion chamber in the experiment uses a gas burner 17 as a fire source, and is simultaneously ignited, the same fuel supply rate is set, and the air supply system 1 is started. Measuring the chamber sidewall heat flow and temperature distribution by inserting a heat flow meter and thermocouple through the top and bottom chamber heat flow meter orifice 26 and side thermocouple orifice 25, respectively; starting an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system 6 above the cavity group through a computer terminal control system 15, performing nodding photographing on flames from the upper part of the cavity group, and measuring the flame spreading range; observing the flow characteristics of external smoke through a laser source sheet optical device 5 in front of the cavity group, and measuring the vortex scale; the digital cameras 13 on the side surfaces of the cavity group and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system 6 above the cavity group observe external flame morphological characteristics, and flame morphological characteristic parameters such as flame height, width and length are obtained based on Matlab processing. And simulating the large-scale fire spread and smoke diffusion conditions of the building group villages under the action of the environmental wind, and adjusting the rotary table to realize different environmental wind inflow directions.

The present invention is not described in detail in part as being well known to those skilled in the art. The above examples are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are not exhaustive of all details, nor are they intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. Various modifications and improvements of the technical scheme of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention as defined in the claims without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a village ancient building conflagration induced building crowd conflagration simulation experiment device under environmental wind effect, its characterized in that: the system comprises an air supply system (1), a village ancient building group model (7), a single village building combustion chamber (11), a fire source system, a quality monitoring system (14), a temperature measuring system and a matched measuring and monitoring system;

the air supply system (1) is used for simulating external environment wind conditions and comprises a fan (2), a rectifying tube (3) and an air supply outlet (4), wherein the wind speed range is 0-10m/s and is used for providing an external wind field required by simulating a village building group fire disaster under the action of the environment wind;

the village ancient building group model (7) is used for simulating a village building group scene and consists of a plurality of single village building combustion chambers (11) with the same scale;

the single village building combustion chamber (11) is provided with a thermocouple orifice (25) and a heat flow meter orifice (26), wherein the thermocouple is arranged inside the single village building combustion chamber (11) through the thermocouple orifice (25), the heat flow meter is arranged inside the single village building combustion chamber (11) through the heat flow meter orifice (26) and is used for measuring the internal temperature of the single village building combustion chamber (11) and the heat flow parameters of the top and the lower part of the chamber, and a fire source system is arranged at the bottom of the single village building combustion chamber (11);

the fire source system is used for providing a fire source in a fire simulation experiment;

the quality monitoring system (14) is used for measuring the combustion quality loss rate of the village ancient building group model (7) in real time, the village ancient building group model (7) is placed on the chamber supporting plate (12), the chamber supporting plate (12) is placed on the quality monitoring system (14), the rotary chassis (10) is arranged below the chamber supporting plate, and the angle of the rotary chassis (10) can be adjusted by the computer terminal control system; a base gear (35) is welded below the rotary chassis (10) and is fixed in the circular track (36), wherein chassis scale marks (37) are carved on the edge of the rotary chassis (10);

the temperature measurement system is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket (8), and thermocouples are arranged on the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket (8) and are used for measuring the temperature distribution of the three-dimensional space outside the building;

the measuring and monitoring system comprises a cavity group side digital video camera (13), a cavity group rear digital video camera (9), a cavity group front laser source photo-detector (5), a cavity group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system (6) and a computer terminal control system (15); the cavity group side digital cameras (13) and the cavity group rear digital cameras (9) are used for shooting the whole process of cavity flame overflow-propagation; the laser source sheet light device (5) in front of the cavity group is used for displaying and observing the smoke flow and smoke diffusion behavior; the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system (6) above the chamber group is used for adjusting the photographing visual angle and the photographing range of a camera through the computer terminal control system (15), and photographing the whole process of spreading and spreading the fire from the single village building combustion chamber (11) to surrounding building groups from top to bottom; the shooting video and image shooting is controlled by a computer terminal control system and is transmitted to the computer terminal control system (15) in real time through wireless;

the fan (2) is sequentially connected with the rectifying tube (3) and the air supply outlet (4), and external air is blown in through the fan (2) and reaches the air supply outlet (4) through the rectifying tube (3);

the single village building combustion chamber (11) is of a cube structure, the outside is welded and supported by a first steel plate (22), the lining heat insulation material (23) is a fireproof plate (21), and the lining heat insulation material (23) is connected and fixed with the first steel plate (22) through screws; the side is provided with an opening door plate (20), the adjacent side is provided with a glass window (16), a lining heat insulation material (23) is positioned in the single village building combustion chamber (11), the inner side surface and the top inner surface except the opening door plate (20) and the glass window (16) of the single village building combustion chamber (11) are covered, the bottom of the inner chamber of the single village building combustion chamber (11) is provided with a porous gas burner (17) for simulating an indoor fire source, glass beads (27) are uniformly paved in the porous gas burner (17) for uniformly mixing gas rectification, the lower part of the porous gas burner (17) is connected with a steel pipe, the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle, and solid fuel (24) can be placed in a designated position in the single village building combustion chamber (11) and ignited through the porous gas burner (17); the liquid combustion is carried out by pouring fuel into an oil pan and placing the fuel into a chamber, igniting the fuel through an igniter, if the solid fuel and the liquid fuel are used as the fuel, measuring the combustion mass loss rate of the solid fuel and the liquid fuel of a building group in real time through a mass monitoring system 14, arranging thermocouple orifices (25) on the side edge of a single village building combustion chamber (11), inserting the thermocouple orifices (25) into thermocouples, arranging heat flow meter orifices (26) on the top and the lower part respectively, inserting the heat flow meter orifices (26) into a heat flow meter, measuring the indoor temperature by the thermocouples, measuring the heat flow distribution by the heat flow meter, welding a chamber bracket (18) below the single village building combustion chamber (11), and arranging rollers (19) below the bracket; the porous gas burner (17) is a square porous gas burner, and the fireproof plate is made of calcium silicate;

the fire source system is solid, liquid or gas fuel, a porous gas burner (17) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the chamber, the porous gas burner is welded by a steel plate, glass beads (27) are paved inside the porous gas burner for uniformly mixing gas, the lower part of the burner is connected with a steel pipe, and the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle; the solid fuel is placed at a designated position in the chamber and is ignited by a gas burner; the liquid combustion is that the fuel is poured into the oil pan and placed in the chamber, and is ignited by the igniter;

the single village building combustion chamber (11) is welded by using a first steel plate (22) as a frame, a heat insulation material (23) is lined on one side of the chamber, window opening door plates (20) are arranged on the side of the chamber, window openings with different sizes can be simulated by replacing the door plates, glass windows (16) are arranged on the side face of the chamber, a bracket (18) is welded below the chamber, universal rollers (19) are welded at the tail ends of the bracket, and the chamber can be rotated at will and the position of the bracket can be fixed;

the window opening comprises three window opening forms, one is a window opening (29) without any shielding; one is the flat-open window (32), fixed spindle (33) at the side edge of the window opening, the spindle connects with a glass plate that is identical with window opening size, rotate the glass door plant along the spindle thus design different windows and included angles of the building facade; one is an upper hung window (34) with a pivot disposed at the upper edge of the opening.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the opening door plate (20) is formed by splicing a second steel plate (28) and a fireproof plate (21), the door plate fixing outer frame (30) is embedded into the opening door plate (20), the opening door plate (20) can be replaced by screwing in a fixing screw (31) to be fixed on the side face of the combustion chamber (11) of the single village building, and the opening door plate (20) can be replaced by different sizes and in an opening mode; the opening forms are a flat-open window (32) and an upper suspension window (34), and different window opening angles can be realized through the rotating shaft (33).

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein in the measurement monitoring system, a cavity group side digital camera (13) is placed at one side of a village ancient building group model (7), a computer terminal control system (15) is placed beside the air supply system (1), a cavity group rear digital camera (9) is placed at the back of the village ancient building group model (7), a cavity group front laser source film photo-device (5) is placed right in front of the village ancient building group model (7), and an unmanned aerial vehicle photographing system (6) above the cavity group performs position adjustment through the computer terminal control system (15) and moves above the village ancient building group model (7).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the cavity group side digital camera (13), the cavity group rear digital camera (9) and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system (6) above the cavity group are connected to the computer terminal control system (15) in a wireless mode, and the computer terminal control system controls the shooting start and stop of the cavity group side digital camera, the cavity group rear digital camera and the unmanned aerial photographing system above the cavity group respectively.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support (8) is supported by a support rod (40) and a screw rod (44), the tail end of the support rod (40) is of a threaded structure and is fixed with a support base (39), a support roller (38) is welded on the support base (39), a conversion head (43) is mounted on the support rod (40) and can freely slide, a screw hole is formed in the side face of the conversion head (43) and is fixed through a screw-in screw (42), the screw rod (44) is screwed in, the screw rod (44) is connected with another screw rod (44) through the conversion head (43), a ceramic tube (45) is fixed through the conversion head (43), and the ceramic tube (45) is used for mounting and fixing a thermocouple.

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