CN113888950A - Village historic building fire induces building group fire simulation experiment device under effect of environmental wind - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a simulation experiment device for inducing a building group fire by a village historic building fire under the action of environmental wind, which is mainly used for researching an evolution behavior that a flame overflows from an opening and develops outwards after the village historic building fires, and an evolution rule and behavior characteristics of the building group fire occurrence, development and propagation under the action of external environmental wind. The invention comprises an air supply system, a building group model, a fire source system, a quality monitoring system and a matched measurement monitoring system. The device can simulate the village historic building group fire spreading evolution law under the action of different environmental winds, and researches and represents the related parameter change of the evolution mechanism. The experimental device model for simulating the open fire overflow behavior of the village historic building group is established for the first time, the building group fire spreading and smoke diffusion behaviors caused by the open fire overflow of the village historic building group under the action of the environmental wind can be simulated more truly, and the method has important reference significance and value for formulating effective methods for preventing and controlling the village historic building fire, controlling the smoke and reducing the smoke.

Description

Village historic building fire induces building group fire simulation experiment device under effect of environmental wind

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a simulation experiment device for inducing a village ancient building fire to generate a building group fire under the action of environmental wind, which is used for researching the action of inducing the building group fire spreading and smoke transportation by opening fire overflow of the village ancient building under the action of the environmental wind.

Background

The traditional village integrates folk history and ancient building art and is an important treasury of the historical culture and the ancient building of China. The civil buildings in villages are adjacent and connected, the building space is small, once a fire disaster happens in a certain room in villages, flames can easily overflow from a window opening to form building opening fire overflow, the overflowing flames can easily ignite adjacent external buildings, and particularly, when environmental wind exists outside, the wind helps the fire, and large-scale fire spreading and smoke diffusion outside are formed. In 2013, in 3 months, in the scenic spot of Lijiang ancient city, a fire occurs, and buildings among 13 households and 103 are burned; 1 month in 2014, 300 old houses are burnt out when a fire suddenly breaks out in the ancient city of Duke zong; in 2021, 14 months and 2, the old village known as the last original tribe of China suffered from fire and was almost destroyed. The fire spread of these village historic building groups can be described basically as: the indoor small fire gradually evolves from the fuel control combustion from the insufficient air supply and oxygen supply to the ventilation control combustion and forms external open flame to overflow, the overflowed flame diffuses to the periphery under the action of external environment wind, and adjacent buildings are ignited, so that the fire scale is further expanded, and the large-scale fire spread and smoke diffusion of village building groups are formed. The large-scale fire spreading behavior of the ancient village buildings affected by external environmental wind is very complex, the difficulty in carrying out full-scale real fire experiments is high, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the extraction of precious experiment characteristic parameters is also very difficult.

Village ancient building open fire overflow under the effect of environmental wind induces building group fire spreading and mainly relates to two interrelated fire scenes: (1) when an indoor fire disaster occurs, external environment wind acts on a village building group, a complex turbulent flow field structure is formed in the building group, the complex turbulent flow field structure directly or indirectly acts on the indoor fire disaster, and when open flame overflow occurs due to insufficient oxygen supply in the indoor fire disaster, the environment wind forms a complex turbulent flow field in the building group and acts on overflow flame, so that the overflow flame is transmitted along the wind direction downstream; (2) the overflowed flame can ignite adjacent buildings under the action of external environment wind, so that the fire scale is further enlarged, and the village building group fire is formed. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars assume building community fire spreading under the action of ambient wind to be a complex diffusion combustion process (simulating a single building through wood) of solid combustible materials (wood, wall decoration materials and the like) fire through a decoupling thought, and do not consider a continuous complete process for inducing the building community fire spreading due to internal fire of the building. Therefore, a small-size experimental model closer to the actual situation is set up, so that the method is a good choice for researching the fire spread and smoke diffusion rule of the building group, and is beneficial to researching the fire spread behavior of the building group, thereby effectively predicting and preventing the fire spread and smoke diffusion.

The existing related patents generally study the overflow behavior of open fire in a single room under windless conditions, such as patent publication nos. CN104730198A (a simulation experiment device for fire-proof structure and performance of building exterior wall), CN101696888A (simulation experiment device for fire on exterior wall of city building), CN102052936A (fire experiment device for heat-insulating system of exterior wall of building), and CN106645552A (fire-proof performance test device for exterior wall of building), which are all studies related to fire of city building, and the invention relates to building room (combustion chamber) and exterior wall of building (simulation exterior wall of building); patents with publication numbers CN104730198A and CN106645552A focus on studying fire-resistant structures and properties of buildings; the key point of patent publication No. CN101696888A is to study the fire characteristics of the outer wall of the building; CN102052936A focuses on researching the fire rule of the heat-insulating system of the outer wall of the building and the fire prevention test of the building. In addition, for example, patent publication nos. CN106875822A (a building facade fire simulation apparatus), CN103761919A (a chamber fire simulation experiment apparatus under the action of outside wind), CN108806457A (a simulation apparatus for studying fire overflow in wind environment spreading in a narrow and long limited space), and CN106228890A (a high-rise building three-dimensional fire behavior simulation experiment apparatus under the action of environment wind) mainly study the influence of environment wind on urban building fire, and simulate environment wind directly acting on building facade fire. The above patents are all for studying the fire on the outer facade of the urban building under the action of no wind and environmental wind, and the influence of the environmental wind on the fire spread and smoke diffusion of the building group is not involved.

Through to relevant patent retrieval, do not have yet related to the research to village ancient building crowd conflagration under the effect of environmental wind, consequently, can establish relevant fire simulation experimental apparatus, research village ancient building open fire overflow under the effect of environmental wind induces building crowd fire spreading and flue gas diffusion action. In order to more fully research the complex boundary conditions formed by the environmental wind and the village building groups, the invention designs a set of rotatable building village group experiment platform, rotates the village experiment platform and sets different incoming flow environmental wind directions, thereby researching the influence mechanism of the external complex environmental wind on the fire spread and the smoke diffusion behavior of the building groups.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to develop related experimental research on building group fire spreading and smoke diffusion processes under the action of environmental wind closer to actual conditions, the invention aims to provide a simulation experimental device for village ancient building fire induced building group fire under the action of environmental wind.

The technical solution of the invention for realizing the above purpose is as follows: a simulation experiment device for inducing a village ancient building fire to generate a building group fire under the action of environmental wind comprises a wind supply system, a building group model, a single combustion chamber, a fire source system, a quality monitoring system and a matched measurement monitoring system. Wherein:

the air supply system is used for simulating external environment wind conditions, comprises a fan, a rectifier tube and an air supply outlet, has a wind speed range of 0-10m/s, and is used for providing an external wind field required by a village building group under the action of simulated environment wind.

The building group model is used for simulating a real village building group scene and comprises a plurality of monomer combustion chambers with the same size. The schematic drawing is a building group model with the scale of 5 multiplied by 5, the number of the single combustion chambers can be expanded or reduced according to the actual situation, and the number and the size of the combustion chambers can be arranged according to the actual requirement.

The monomer combustion chamber is the square structure, use first steel sheet as the frame welding, inside lining has the PLASTIC LAMINATED, one side of cavity is provided with window opening door plant, can simulate the window opening of equidimension not through changing the door plant, the side-mounting of cavity has quartz glass, the welding of cavity below has the support, the terminal welding of support has universal gyro wheel, can rotate the cavity wantonly and fix its position, the top of cavity and side equidistance department are equipped with thermocouple drill way and heat flow meter drill way and are used for measuring the inside temperature of cavity and heat current flow relevant parameter. And a fire source system is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber. Optionally, the fire-proof plate is made of calcium silicate.

The fire source system is used for providing a fire source in a fire simulation experiment.

The window openings comprise three window openings, one is a window opening and is not shielded; the other is a casement window design, a rotating shaft is fixed at the side edge of a window opening, the rotating shaft is connected with a glass plate with the size consistent with that of the window opening, and the glass door plate is rotated along the rotating shaft so as to design included angles between different windows and the outer vertical surface of a building.

The fire source system comprises three fuels, namely solid fuel, liquid fuel and gas fuel, a square porous gas burner is placed at the center of the bottom of the chamber and welded by steel plates, glass beads are uniformly paved in the square porous gas burner for uniformly mixing the gas, the lower part of the burner is connected with a steel pipe, and the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle (such as propane, methane and the like); solid fuel (e.g., wood chips, PMMA, etc.) is placed inside the chamber at a designated location, which is ignited by a gas burner; liquid combustion then pours fuel into the oil pan, places it in a chamber, and ignites it by an igniter.

The quality monitoring system is used for measuring the burning quality loss rate of a building group (solid and liquid) in real time, the building group is placed on a cavity supporting plate, the cavity supporting plate is placed on the quality monitoring system, a turntable is arranged below the cavity supporting plate, and the angle of the turntable can be adjusted by a computer terminal control system.

The temperature measuring system is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support, and a thermocouple is mounted on the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support and used for measuring the temperature distribution of a three-dimensional space outside a building. The three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is a detachable support, the cylindrical screw rod is connected with the support rod through the conversion head, and the cylindrical screw rod is fixed at any position through screws, so that the temperature distribution of the three-dimensional space outside the building is measured.

The measurement monitoring system comprises a chamber group side digital camera, a chamber group rear digital camera, a chamber group front laser source film light device, an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system above the chamber group and a computer terminal control system; the chamber group side digital camera is used for shooting the whole process of the overflow propagation and spread of the flame of the side chamber; the laser source sheet light device in front of the cavity group is used for observing the flow and diffusion behavior of the smoke; the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system above the cavity group controls the camera shooting visual angle and range through the computer terminal control system, and shoots the whole process of fire spreading and spreading from the single combustion cavity to the surrounding building group from top to bottom; the shooting video and the image shooting are controlled by the computer terminal control system and transmitted to the computer terminal control system in real time through wireless.

Furthermore, the fan is communicated with the rectifying tube and the air supply outlet in sequence, and outside air is blown in through the fan and reaches the air supply outlet through the rectifying tube.

Furthermore, the monomer combustion chamber is of a cubic structure, the outer part of the monomer combustion chamber is welded and supported by a first steel plate, the lining heat-insulating material is a fireproof plate, and the lining heat-insulating material is connected and fixed with the first steel plate through screws; the side is equipped with the opening door plant, and adjacent side is provided with the glass window, and the cavity bottom is provided with porous gas burner, and the side of cavity is provided with the thermocouple drill way, and top and lower part are provided with the heat flow meter drill way respectively, and the welding of cavity below has the cavity support, and there is the gyro wheel support below the support.

Furthermore, the opening door plate is formed by splicing a second steel plate and a fireproof plate, the door plate fixing outer frame is embedded into the opening door plate, and is screwed in fixing screws to be fixed on the side surface of the monomer combustion chamber, and the opening door plate can be changed into different sizes and opening forms; preferably, the opening forms are a casement window and a top-hung window, and different window opening angles can be realized through the rotating shaft.

Further, among the measurement monitoring system, cavity crowd side digital camera places in building crowd model one side, and computer terminal control system places beside the air feed system, has placed cavity crowd rear digital camera at the building crowd model back, and cavity crowd the place ahead has placed cavity crowd the place ahead laser source film light ware, and cavity crowd top unmanned aerial vehicle system of taking photo by plane carries out the regulation of position through computer terminal control system, moves in building crowd model top.

Further, the chamber group side digital camera, the chamber group rear digital camera and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system are connected to the computer terminal control system in a wireless mode, and the computer terminal control system controls the chamber group side digital camera, the chamber group rear digital camera and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographing system to start and stop shooting respectively.

Further, the turntable can rotate according to the scale lines of the edge chassis.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is supported by a support rod and a lead screw, the tail end of the support rod is of a threaded structure and is fixed with a support base, a support roller is welded on the support base, a conversion head is installed on the support rod and can freely slide, the side surface of the conversion head is fixed through a screwing-in fixing screw, a screw hole is formed in the side surface of the conversion head, the screwing-in lead screw is connected with another lead screw through the conversion head and is used for fixing a ceramic tube through the conversion head, and the ceramic tube is used for installing and fixing a thermocouple.

The invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) regarding the simulation of the fire in the single village room, a single combustion chamber is placed on a quality monitoring system, window opening door plates in different forms are replaced, such as window openings, casement windows or top-hung windows, and are fixed by bolts, wherein the angle of the window opening is adjustable at will, so that the overflow condition of the indoor fire from inside to outside under different window opening forms is realized, and the development law of the indoor fire can be observed through window glass on the side surface of the chamber; starting a fan, rotating a turntable to set angles of different environmental winds and the normal direction of the opening of the cavity, and simulating the development and evolution law of the indoor fire under the conditions of different environmental wind directions and wind speeds;

(2) regarding fire simulation in a building group, designing corresponding building number and arrangement mode (generally, the buildings can be arranged in an array) to simulate village building forms in real scenes, generally setting one chamber as a firing room (used for igniting adjacent buildings), starting a fan, controlling the angle between ambient wind and the normal direction of the opening of the chamber through a computer terminal control system, and simulating the fire spreading and development evolution law of the building group under the conditions of different ambient wind directions and wind speeds;

(3) in order to simulate the fire of a building group more truly, the outer surface of the chamber can be wrapped with combustible materials, the fan is started, and the whole process that overflowed flame spreads to adjacent buildings, especially the fire spread among the whole building group, is observed; meanwhile, the condition that the whole village building room is ignited can be simulated, namely, each combustion chamber supplies gas fuel for combustion, and the large-scale fire and the spreading condition of the building community under the action of environmental wind are simulated;

(4) the experiment can adopt wide fuels, and can adopt three fuels of solid, liquid and gas to simulate the combustion conditions of different indoor combustible substances. Wherein the liquid fuel can be arranged at the bottom of the room and simulates an oil pool to burn; the solid fuel simulates the fire spread of indoor furniture by using wood cribs, PMMA and the like; the gas combustion is characterized in that a porous burner is arranged at the bottom of a room, so that the full mixing of fuel can be realized, the fuel can be fixed through a relevant device, the supply of the fuel can be accurately controlled through a pressure reducing valve and a flow meter, and meanwhile, different fire source powers in the room can be simulated;

(5) regarding the measurement aspect of relevant parameters in the experiment, a chamber group side digital camera, a chamber group rear digital camera, a chamber group front laser source sheet light device and an unmanned aerial vehicle above the chamber group are adopted in the experiment to shoot the flame characteristic dimension and the spreading condition of fire smoke in a building group, a thermocouple and a heat flow meter are arranged inside the chamber through an orifice, the temperature distribution at different heights can be measured in real time through the thermocouple, and the three-dimensional plume and the flame temperature field outside the building are measured through a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support outside the building.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single combustion chamber structure and a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber; (a) - (b) a schematic view of the structure of the monobloc combustion chamber; (c) a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an architectural opening door panel; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of (a) a door panel installation for architectural openings, (b) an open casement window design and (c) a top hung window design;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pedestal rotation platform;

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array mount; (a) a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support overall schematic diagram, and (b) a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support partial enlarged diagram.

Wherein, 1-an air supply system, 2-a fan, 3-a rectifier tube, 4-an air supply outlet, 5-a laser source light sheet device in front of a cavity group, 6-an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system above the cavity group, 7-a building group model, 8-a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket, 9-a digital camera behind the cavity group, 10-a rotating chassis, 11-a monomer combustion cavity, 12-a cavity supporting plate, 13-a digital camera on the side of the cavity group, 14-a quality monitoring system, 15-a computer terminal control system, 16-a glass window, 17-a gas burner, 18-a cavity bracket, 19-a roller, 20-an opening door plate, 21-a fireproof plate, 22-a first steel plate, 23-a lining heat insulation material, 24-solid fuel, 25-thermocouple orifice, 26-heat flow meter orifice, 27-glass bead, 28-second steel plate, 29-window opening, 30-door plate fixing outer frame, 31-fixing screw, 32-casement window, 33-rotating shaft, 34-top-hung window, 35-base gear, 36-circular track, 37-chassis scale mark, 38-support roller, 39-support base, 40-support rod, 41-first scale mark, 42-screw, 43-conversion head, 44-screw rod and 45-ceramic tube.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the invention, and the experimental device for simulating the village ancient building fire induced building group fire under the action of environmental wind mainly comprises a wind supply system 1, a building group model 7, a quality monitoring system 14, a rotary chassis 10 and a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support 8. The air supply system 1 is used for providing an external wind field required by a village building group under the action of simulated environmental wind. The air supply system 1 is composed of a fan 2, a rectifying tube 3 and an air supply outlet 4, and the fan 2 is sequentially communicated with the rectifying tube 3 and the air supply outlet 4. The rectifying tubes 3 are arranged in rows and columns. The outside air is blown in through the fan 2, reaches the air supply outlet 4 through the rectifying tube 3, and has the air speed range of 0-10m/s, and is used for providing an outside wind field required by the village building group under the action of simulated environment wind. The outlet position of the air supply outlet 4 is opposite to the building group model 7. The building group model 7 is composed of a plurality of single combustion chambers 11 (the building group model 7 is used for simulating a real building village scene and comprises a plurality of single combustion chambers 11 with the same size, the building group model with the size of 5 multiplied by 5 is schematically shown, the number of the single combustion chambers 11 can be expanded or reduced according to actual conditions, and the number and the size of the combustion chambers can be arranged according to actual requirements). The building group model 7 is placed on the chamber supporting plate 12, the chamber supporting plate 12 is placed on the quality monitoring system 14, and the quality monitoring system 14 is placed on the rotating chassis 10, which are all separate devices, and do not need to be fixed, and can be directly placed on the above devices. The chamber support plate 12 is a fire-proof plate. The chamber group side digital camera 13 is arranged on one side of the building group model and is used for shooting the whole process of side chamber flame overflow-spread; the computer terminal control system 15 is placed beside the air supply system 1 and far away from the building group model 7 as far as possible, the chamber group side digital camera 13 is placed on the side surface of the building group model 7, and the chamber group rear digital camera 9 is placed on the back surface of the building group model 7. Two cavity crowd the place ahead laser source film light ware 5 have been placed to building crowd model 7 dead ahead, and cavity crowd top unmanned aerial vehicle system 6 of taking photo by plane carries out the regulation of position through computer terminal control system 15, moves in building crowd model 7 top, shoots visual angle and scope through computer terminal control system control camera, and top-down shoots the whole process that the conflagration is spread to the surrounding building crowd by monomer burning cavity 11. The video and image shooting is controlled by the computer terminal control system and transmitted to the computer terminal control system in real time through wireless. The chamber group side digital camera 13, the chamber group rear digital camera 9 and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system 6 are respectively connected to the computer terminal control system 15 through wireless connection, and the computer terminal control system 15 respectively controls the chamber group side digital camera 13, the chamber group rear digital camera 9 and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system 6 to start and stop shooting. In the present invention, the face of the building group model 7 facing the air supply outlet 4 is regarded as the front face, and the face opposite to the front face is regarded as the back face. The direction from the front of the building group model 7 to the air supply outlet 4 is regarded as the front of the building group model 7.

The laser source light sheet 5 in front of the chamber group is mainly used for observing the smoke flowing and the smoke diffusion behavior in the early stage of fire (the early stage of fire refers to the fuel control combustion stage).

The three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support is used for temperature measurement, is a detachable support, connects the cylindrical screw rod with the support rod through the conversion head, and is fixed at any position through screws, so that the temperature distribution of the three-dimensional space outside the building is measured.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single combustion chamber structure and a sectional view (c) of the chamber, wherein the single combustion chamber 11 is a cubic structure, the exterior of the single combustion chamber is welded and supported by a first steel plate 22, a lining thermal insulation material 23 is welded and supported by a fireproof plate 21, the lining thermal insulation material 23 plays a role in thermal insulation, and the lining thermal insulation material 23 is connected and fixed with the first steel plate 22 through screws; the side edge is provided with an opening door plate 20, and the adjacent side edge is provided with a glass window 16 made of quartz glass. The lining insulation 23 is located inside the monolithic combustion chamber 11 covering the inside and top inside surfaces of the monolithic combustion chamber 11 except for the open door panel 20 and the glass window 16. The bottom of the inner cavity of the monomer combustion cavity 11 is provided with a porous gas burner 17 to simulate an indoor fire source, glass beads 27 are uniformly laid in the burner for gas rectification (uniform mixing), the lower part of the burner is connected with a steel pipe, the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle (such as propane, methane and the like), in addition, solid fuel 24 (such as wood cribble, PMMA and the like) can be placed at a designated position in the monomer combustion cavity 11 and is ignited through the gas burner 17; liquid combustion then places the fuel in an oil pan into a chamber and is ignited by an igniter (note that if solid or liquid is used as the fuel, it is used by the quality monitoring system 14 to measure the building group (solid or liquid) combustion quality loss rate in real time). The side of the monomer combustion chamber 11 is provided with a thermocouple hole 25, the top and lower parts thereof are provided with heat flow meter holes 26, the thermocouple hole 25 is inserted with a thermocouple, the heat flow meter hole 26 is inserted with a heat flow meter, the thermocouple measures the indoor temperature, and the heat flow distribution is measured by the heat flow meter. A chamber bracket 18 is welded below the monomer combustion chamber 11, and rollers 19 are arranged below the bracket. For example, the top and lower portions are provided with heat flow meter orifices 26, respectively. Optionally, the thermocouple apertures 25 are equally spaced. Optionally, the heat flux meter orifices 26 are equally spaced. Alternatively, the gas burner 17 is a square porous gas burner.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an opening door panel of a building, which is mainly formed by embedding a door panel fixing outer frame 30 into an opening door panel 20 and fixing the opening door panel 20 by screwing in a fixing screw 31, wherein the opening door panel 20 is formed by splicing a second steel plate 28 and a fireproof plate 21 and is fixed by screws. Three opening forms are mainly designed, namely a window opening 29, namely a window without any blocking, and is completely opened (fig. 3(a)), a casement window 32 (fig. 3(b)) and a top-hung window 34 (fig. 3(c)), wherein a piece of glass is laterally arranged on the casement window 32 and rotates through a side edge rotating shaft 33, and the glass can freely rotate and be fixed along the rotating shaft 33 when the rotating shaft 33 is arranged on the upper edge of the opening of the top-hung window 34.

Fig. 4 shows a base rotary platform, a building group model cavity support plate 12 is placed on a quality monitoring system 14, the quality monitoring system 14 is placed on a rotary chassis 10, a base gear 35 is welded below the rotary chassis 10 and fixed in a circular track 36, wherein chassis scale marks 37 are carved on the edge of the rotary chassis 10. The building group model 7 is placed on the chamber support plate 12. The building complex model 7 is composed of a plurality of individual combustion chambers 11.

Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array holder 8, wherein the holders supported by a holder rod 40 and a lead screw 44 are round rods and are provided with first scale marks 41, the tail end of the holder rod 40 is provided with threads capable of being screwed into a holder base 39, the holder base 39 is welded with a holder roller 38, a conversion head 43 is mounted on the holder rod 40, can freely slide on the holder rod and is screwed and fixed by a screw 42 on the side surface, a screw hole is formed on the side surface of the conversion head 43 and is screwed into the lead screw 44, the lead screw 44 is connected with another lead screw 44 through the conversion head 43 and is fixed with a ceramic tube 45 through the conversion head 43, and the ceramic tube 45 is used for mounting and fixing a thermocouple.

Experiment 1: based on the technical background, the experimental device can be established in a fire scene (1), the monomer chamber combustion condition in a building group under the action of environmental wind is researched, the influence on the propagation and spread of overflowed flame is caused, a 5 x 5 square building group array is set, one combustion chamber (a central position chamber) uses a gas burner 17 as a fire source, other chambers are not provided with any combustible material, a mass flowmeter and a propane gas cylinder are connected for supplying gas, indoor combustion is simulated, a fan 2 is started, the combustion heat release rate of the indoor fire source is gradually increased, a heat flow meter and a thermocouple are inserted through a heat flow meter hole 26 at the top and the lower part of the chamber and a side thermocouple hole 25 to measure the heat flow and the temperature distribution of the side wall of the chamber, and simultaneously, a chamber group side digital camera 13, a chamber group rear digital camera 9, a chamber group front laser source sheet light device 5 and an unmanned aerial photography system 6 above the chamber group are opened, the method is characterized in that the height, the width and the length of flame, the size of entrainment vortex and the smoke spreading range are respectively measured to reveal the characteristic scale of the flame and the spreading rule of fire smoke under the action of external complex environment wind, meanwhile, a three-dimensional temperature field outside a building is measured, in an experiment, the interval between monomer combustion chambers 11 in a building group model 7 can be changed by moving chamber rollers, and the influence of the building interval on the monomer combustion chambers 11 in the building group is simulated.

Experiment 2: based on technical background fire scene (2) (spill-over flame ignites adjacent buildings under the action of external environment wind, so that the fire scale is further enlarged, and village building group fire is formed), the experimental device can be established, the combustion condition of a plurality of monomer chambers (building group model 7) under the action of environment wind is researched, each combustion chamber in the experiment uses a gas burner 17 as a fire source, the gas burners are simultaneously ignited, the same fuel supply rate is set, and the air supply system 1 is started. Heat flow and temperature profiles from the chamber side walls were measured by inserting heat flow meters and thermocouples through heat flow meter ports 26 and side thermocouple ports 25 in the top and bottom of the chamber, respectively; starting the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system 6 above the chamber group through the computer terminal control system 15, shooting flames downwards from above the chamber group, and measuring the flame spread range; observing the flow characteristics of external smoke through a laser source optical sheet device 5 in front of the cavity group, and measuring the vortex scale; the chamber group side digital camera 13 and the chamber group top unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system 6 observe external flame morphological characteristics, and flame morphological characteristic parameters such as flame height, width, length and the like are obtained based on Matlab processing. Simulating the large-scale fire spreading and smoke diffusion conditions of the villages of the building group under the action of environmental wind, and adjusting the rotary disc to realize different environmental wind inflow directions.

The invention has not been described in detail and is part of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the preferred embodiments are not exhaustive and do not limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is to be covered by the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a village ancient building conflagration arouses building crowd fire simulation experiment device under environment wind effect which characterized in that: the system comprises an air supply system (1), a building group model (7), a single combustion chamber (11), a fire source system, a quality monitoring system (14), a temperature measuring system and a matched measuring and monitoring system;

the wind supply system (1) is used for simulating external environment wind conditions, comprises a fan (2), a rectifier tube (3) and a wind supply outlet (4), has a wind speed range of 0-10m/s, and is used for providing an external wind field required by village building group fire under the action of simulated environment wind;

the building group model (7) is used for simulating village building group scenes and comprises a plurality of single combustion chambers (11) with the same size;

the single-body combustion chamber (11) is provided with a thermocouple hole (25) and a heat flow meter hole (26), a thermocouple is arranged inside the chamber (11) through the thermocouple hole (25), a heat flow meter is arranged inside the chamber (11) through the heat flow meter hole (26) and is used for measuring the temperature and heat flow parameters inside the chamber (11), and a fire source system is installed at the bottom of the combustion chamber (11);

the fire source system is used for providing a fire source in a fire simulation experiment;

the quality monitoring system (14) is used for measuring the combustion quality loss rate of the building group model (7) in real time, the building group model (7) is placed on the chamber supporting plate (12), the chamber supporting plate is placed on the quality monitoring system (14), a turntable is arranged below the chamber supporting plate, and the angle of the turntable can be adjusted by the computer terminal control system;

the temperature measuring system is a three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support (8), and a thermocouple is installed on the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array support (8) and used for measuring the temperature distribution of a three-dimensional space outside a building;

the measurement monitoring system comprises a chamber group side digital camera (13), a chamber group rear digital camera (9), a chamber group front laser source photo-detector (5), a chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system (6) and a computer terminal control system (15); the chamber group side digital camera (13) and the chamber group rear digital camera (9) are used for shooting the whole process of chamber flame overflow-spread; the laser source light sheet device (5) in front of the cavity group is used for displaying and observing the flow and diffusion behaviors of the smoke; the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system (6) above the cavity group adjusts the camera shooting visual angle and range through the computer terminal control system (15), and shoots the whole process that the fire spreads from the single combustion cavity (11) to the surrounding building group from top to bottom; the shooting video and the image shooting are controlled by the computer terminal control system and transmitted to the computer terminal control system (15) in real time through wireless.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan (2) is connected with the rectifier tube (3) and the air supply outlet (4) in turn, and the outside air is blown in by the fan (2) and reaches the air supply outlet (4) through the rectifier tube (3).

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the monomer combustion chamber (11) uses a first steel plate (22) as a frame for welding, a heat insulation material (21) is lined, a window opening door plate (20) is arranged on one side of the chamber, window openings with different sizes can be simulated by replacing the door plate, quartz glass (16) is installed on the side face of the chamber, a support (18) is welded below the chamber, universal rollers (19) are welded at the tail end of the support, and the chamber can be rotated at will and fixed in position.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the window opening, including three window opening forms, one is a window opening (29) without any shade; one is a casement window design (32), a rotating shaft (33) is fixed at the side edge of a window opening, the rotating shaft is connected with a glass plate with the same size as the window opening, and a glass door plate is rotated along the rotating shaft so as to design the included angles between different windows and the outer vertical surface of a building; one is a top hung window design (34) with the pivot located at the top edge of the opening.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the monomer combustion chamber (11) is of a cubic structure, the exterior of the monomer combustion chamber is welded and supported by a first steel plate (22), the lining heat-insulating material (23) is a fireproof plate, and the lining heat-insulating material is connected and fixed with the first steel plate through screws; the side is equipped with opening door plant (20), and adjacent side is provided with glass window (16), and the cavity bottom is provided with porous gas burner (17), and the side of cavity is provided with thermocouple orifice (25), and top and lower part are provided with heat flow meter orifice (26) respectively, and the welding of cavity below has cavity support (18), has gyro wheel (19) below the support.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the opening door plate (20) is formed by splicing a second steel plate (28) and a fireproof plate (21), a door plate fixing outer frame (30) is embedded into the opening door plate (20), a screw-in fixing screw (31) is fixed on the side surface of the single combustion chamber (11), and the opening door plate (20) can be replaced by different sizes and opening forms; preferably, the opening forms are a casement window (32) and a top-hung window (34), and different window opening angles can be achieved through the rotating shaft (33).

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire source system is solid, liquid or gas fuel, a porous gas burner (17) is placed at the center of the bottom of the chamber, and is welded by steel plates, glass beads (27) are laid inside the porous gas burner for uniform mixing of gas, a steel pipe is connected to the lower part of the burner, and the steel pipe is sequentially connected with a rubber pipe, a gas flow controller and a gas supply bottle; the solid fuel is placed at a designated position in the chamber and ignited by the gas burner; the liquid is burned and the fuel is poured into the oil pan and placed in the chamber and ignited by the igniter.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the measurement monitoring system, the chamber group side digital camera (13) is placed on one side of the building group model (7), the computer terminal control system (15) is placed beside the air supply system (1), the chamber group rear digital camera (9) is placed on the back of the building group model (7), the chamber group front laser source photo-detector (5) is placed right in front of the building group model (7), and the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system (6) above the chamber group performs position adjustment through the computer terminal control system (15) and moves above the building group model (7).

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the chamber group side digital camera (13), the chamber group rear digital camera (9) and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system (6) are connected to the computer terminal control system (15) through wireless connection, and the computer terminal control system respectively controls shooting start and stop of the chamber group side digital camera, the chamber group rear digital camera and the chamber group upper unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography system.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional movable thermocouple array bracket (8) is supported by a bracket rod (40) and a lead screw (44), the tail end of the bracket rod (40) is of a threaded structure and is fixed with a bracket base (39), a bracket roller (38) is welded on the bracket base (39), a conversion head (43) is installed on the bracket rod (40) and can freely slide, the side surface of the conversion head is fixed through a screw-in screw (42), a screw hole is formed in the side surface of the conversion head (43), the screw-in lead screw (44) is screwed in, the lead screw (44) is connected with another lead screw (44) through the conversion head (43), a ceramic tube (45) is fixed through the conversion head (43), and the ceramic tube (45) is used for installing and fixing a thermocouple.

Images