CN210574425U - Multi-drive type controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device - Google Patents
Multi-drive type controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a controllable fire whirlwind of many driving formula experiment simulation presentation device belongs to conflagration safety technical field, and in particular to nature induces and forces to induce the simulation presentation device of fire whirlwind under complex environment, and controllable parameter is more. Comprises a base plate, a rotary hollow disc, an outer layer cylinder, an inner layer cylinder, a trapezoidal screw rod, a sliding block, a fuel supply device, a mechanical iris blade, a driving device and a measuring device; the outer layer cylinder and the inner layer cylinder are positioned above the rotating hollow disc to form a double-layer cylinder; the trapezoidal screw rod and the sliding block are fixed below the rotating hollow disc and are connected with the cylinder; the fuel supply device is positioned above the rotating hollow disc; the mechanical iris blade is positioned at the upper part of the fuel supply device and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the blade; the measuring device is positioned on one side of the rotating hollow disc to realize horizontal and vertical movement; the driving device is positioned between the lower part of the rotating hollow disk and the base plate and provides driving force for driving the rotating hollow disk to rotate.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a controllable fire whirlwind of many driving formula experiment simulation presentation device belongs to conflagration safety technical field, and in particular to nature induces and forces the simulation presentation device that induces the fire whirlwind at different sources of a fire yardstick, different width, different device height and different rotating ring volume of admitting air.
Background
Fire whirlwind is a special fire behavior induced by mutual coupling of fire plumes and surrounding rotating circular quantities, has the characteristics of high combustion rate, violent combustion, high flame temperature and the like, and is commonly seen in forest and grassland fires and some urban building fires. In an actual fire, the fire whirlwind is hard to extinguish due to strong combustion of the fire whirlwind, and the wind head and the heat flow direction of the fire whirlwind are suddenly changed and difficult to predict, so that the safety of a fire fighter is seriously threatened. The strong entrainment effect of fire whirlwind can adsorb surrounding combustible substances for burning, and a large amount of carried combustible substances can be scattered to a farther place outside a fire area to form a new fire source to induce flying fire, so that the spread of the fire is accelerated, and more casualties and property loss are caused.
The research on the fire cyclone phenomenon mainly adopts methods such as experimental simulation, numerical simulation and the like, and certain achievements are obtained at present. The numerical simulation model is simple and can only assist in verification of experimental results, so that the model experiment is an important method for researching fire whirlwind, and many experts and scholars design various devices for forming the fire whirlwind, and the method mainly comprises the steps of adopting heat-driven natural induced fire whirlwind and adopting mechanical-driven forced induced fire whirlwind. The devices are generally independent, and the same device cannot simultaneously demonstrate the fire whirlwind under two inducing conditions and effectively compare and research the fire whirlwind of different inducing mechanisms.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a controllable fire whirlwind of many driving formulas experiment simulation presentation device to above-mentioned weak point, can simulate the fire whirlwind under two kinds of drive methods of hot-drive formula and mechanical drive formula, and can control and adjust parameters such as fire source yardstick, device height, air inlet width, rotating ring volume, conveniently carry out fire whirlwind contrast research.
A multi-drive type controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a multi-drive type fire-controllable cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device comprises a base plate, a rotary hollow disc, an outer layer cylinder, an inner layer cylinder, a trapezoidal screw rod, a sliding block, a fuel supply device, mechanical iris blades, a drive device and a measuring device; the above components are combined to form an integral system;
the outer layer cylinder and the inner layer cylinder are arranged above the rotating hollow disc to form a double-layer cylinder;
the trapezoidal screw rod and the sliding block are fixed below the rotating hollow disc and are connected with the outer-layer cylinder and the inner-layer cylinder;
the fuel supply device is arranged above the rotating hollow disc;
the mechanical iris blade is arranged at the upper part of the fuel supply device and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the blade;
the measuring device is arranged on one side of the rotating hollow disc, and the measuring equipment can move in the horizontal and vertical directions;
the driving device is arranged between the lower part of the rotating hollow disk and the base plate and provides driving force for driving the rotating hollow disk to rotate.
The driving device comprises an external tooth type rotary bearing, a servo motor, a motor speed regulator and a coupler.
The outer tooth type slewing bearing utilizes four supporting screw rods to fix the inner ring part of the bearing as a support, the inner ring part of the outer tooth type slewing bearing and the outer ring part of the outer tooth type slewing bearing are both provided with screw holes and have certain bearing capacity, the inner ring does not rotate when the outer tooth type slewing bearing rotates, and the outer ring rotates.
The inner circle of the rotating hollow disc and the outer ring part of the outer tooth type rotary bearing are connected and fixed by screws penetrating through screw holes, an outer gear of the outer tooth type rotary bearing is meshed with a straight gear, the straight gear is connected with a transmission shaft of a servo motor through a coupler, and the servo motor is vertically fixed on a base plate through a support; a transmission shaft of the servo motor and a straight gear rotate coaxially, so that the straight gear is meshed with an outer gear of the outer tooth type slewing bearing and drives the outer gear to rotate, and the rotating hollow disc can rotate around the center of the outer tooth type slewing bearing stably.
The trapezoidal screw rod is fixed at the bottom of the rotary hollow disc through two screw rod supports, a bearing is arranged in each screw rod support, a jackscrew is arranged beside each bearing, and the trapezoidal screw rod is clamped by the jackscrew of the bearing and is connected with the bearing of each screw rod support; the trapezoidal screw rod has self-locking capacity, and can keep the sliding block still when no external force is applied; the sliding block is tightly attached to the bottom of the rotating cylinder, so that the sliding block is prevented from rotating; the trapezoidal screw rod is connected with the servo motor through the coupler, the servo motor can drive the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate, and the trapezoidal screw rod can enable the sliding block to stably move along the trapezoidal screw rod in the horizontal direction through rotation.
The inner layer cylinder is matched and fixed with the outer layer cylinder through a through hole arranged on the side surface, and the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are coaxial. The outer layer cylinder and the inner layer cylinder are both organic glass cylinders.
Furthermore, at least five through holes are formed in the side face of the inner-layer cylinder, and the inner-layer cylinder and the outer-layer cylinder can be matched through the through holes in different positions, so that the total height of the inner-layer cylinder and the outer-layer cylinder can be adjusted.
The outer-layer cylinder consists of two symmetrical cylinders, the two cylinders are both in a semi-cylinder shape, the upper parts of the two cylinders are provided with openings, and the bottom parts of the two cylinders are provided with semi-circular sealing bottoms, so that the stability of the structure of the outer-layer cylinder is enhanced conveniently; the two cylinders of the outer layer cylinder are arranged in a staggered mode to form an opening gap, air can enter the cylinder from the gap under the action of thermal drive or mechanical drive, the opening gap enables the air to form a rotating ring volume after entering the cylinder, and a fire cyclone phenomenon is generated under the coupling effect of the rotating ring volume and the rising motion of a thermal plume caused by combustion.
Furthermore, two grooves are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the outer-layer cylinder, and are connected with the sliding blocks on the trapezoidal screw rods through screws for the grooves, at least 3 screws for connection are used, so that the outer-layer cylinder is ensured not to rotate randomly; the servo motor drives the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate; the slide block moves along the horizontal direction due to the rotation of the trapezoidal screw rod, the two cylinders of the outer cylinder are respectively connected with the slide block, and the two cylinders of the outer cylinder can be driven to move through the movement of the slide block, so that the width of an opening gap between the two cylinders of the outer cylinder is adjusted.
The fuel supply device comprises a fuel device and a fuel pipe; the fuel device is fixed on the inner ring of the external tooth type slewing bearing through the four supporting screw rods, the height of the supporting screw rods can be adjusted to ensure that the fuel box is not in direct contact with the bottom sealing part of the cylinder, and organic glass is prevented from being melted by the fuel box at high temperature; the bottom of the fuel device is connected with the fuel pipe through an interface, so that the liquid fuel in the fuel device can be increased or decreased conveniently through the fuel pipe.
Further, the fuel device comprises a base and a combustion box; the fuel box is arranged on the base, the upper part of the combustion box is provided with an opening, and when the fuel box is used, fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber.
Furthermore, a mechanical iris blade is relatively fixed above the fuel box, the mechanical iris blade structure comprises a blade base, blades, a rocker, a drive plate and a deflector rod, the drive plate and the blade base are both in a circular ring shape, oblique rocker sliding grooves are uniformly distributed between the inner circle and the outer circle of the drive plate, and the deflector rod is fixedly arranged on one side of the drive plate; a rocker is movably connected between the outer circle and the inner circle of the blade base through a screw, independent fan-shaped blades are fixed on the rocker to be connected, and the fan-shaped blades are distributed in the inner circle of the blade base in a staggered mode to form a blade inner hole; when the fuel cartridge is used, the rocker is driven by shifting the shifting rod and the driving plate, and the rocker drives the blades to slide in the rocker sliding groove, so that the staggered positions of the blades are changed, the size of an inner hole of the blades is changed, the size of an opening of the fuel cartridge is further adjusted, and the purpose of controlling the size of a fire source is achieved. For the safety protection of the equipment, an annular cover plate is also arranged on the drive plate.
The servo motor is matched with an outer ring of the outer tooth type slewing bearing through a support and serves as driving power.
The motor speed regulator is connected with the servo motor; the motor speed regulator is provided with a switch and a rotating speed regulating button, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated by rotating the rotating speed regulating button, so that the stepless speed change of the rotating part of the device is realized.
The measuring device comprises a first motor, a second motor, a first trapezoidal screw rod, a second trapezoidal screw rod, a sliding block, a measuring device bracket, a thermocouple, an anemoscope and other measuring equipment; the first trapezoidal screw rod is driven by the first motor to rotate so as to adjust the height of the first sliding block on the measuring device bracket; a metal plate is fixed on the first sliding block, a second motor and a second trapezoidal screw rod are fixed on the metal plate, the second motor is connected with the second trapezoidal screw rod through a coupler, and the second trapezoidal screw rod is provided with a second sliding block; measuring equipment such as a thermocouple, an anemometer and the like is fixed on the second sliding block; the second motor drives the second trapezoidal screw rod to rotate so as to enable the second sliding block to horizontally move; the first motor drives the first trapezoidal screw rod to enable the first sliding block to move in the vertical direction, and temperature and wind speed data measurement at different heights is achieved; the second motor is fixed on the first sliding block and drives the second trapezoidal screw rod to enable the second sliding block to move in the horizontal direction, so that measurement of temperature and wind speed in the horizontal direction is achieved, and measurement of data such as temperature and wind speed at any point in a vertical plane can be achieved through mutual matching of the two.
The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device is used for carrying out hot-drive type natural induced fire cyclone simulation and mechanical drive type forced induced fire cyclone simulation.
The hot-driving type natural induced fire cyclone simulation refers to that after a fire source is ignited, a vortex is generated by utilizing the structure of the device, and the central fire source naturally induces fire cyclone.
The mechanical driving type forced induction fire cyclone simulation means that by utilizing the structure of the device, an external rotating ring quantity is forced to form a generated vortex, so that the environmental fluid has certain initial rotation when entering the device, and fire cyclone is formed under the coupling action of the rising motion of a thermal plume caused by combustion and the rotating ring quantity.
When the heat-driven natural ignition cyclone simulation is carried out, the specific process comprises the following steps:
1) starting a motor III to drive the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate; the slide block moves along the horizontal direction by the rotation of the trapezoidal screw rod, and the two cylinders of the outer cylinder are respectively connected with the slide block, so that the two cylinders of the outer cylinder can be driven to move by the movement of the slide block, and the width of an opening gap between the two cylinders of the outer cylinder can be adjusted;
2) igniting fuel in a fuel cartridge, which may be alcohol; along with the combustion, the air in the inner-layer cylinder is subjected to thermal expansion, the density is reduced, the air flows in the vertical direction to form a convection column, and a small pressure difference is formed between any point in the convection column and a certain point at the same height in the environment; ambient air moves towards the convection column through the opening gap formed in the step 1) to form lateral air entrainment, and under the complex interaction of the lateral air entrainment and the rising motion of the thermal plume, the common convection column disappears and is replaced by the cylindrical flame with high rotation to form fire whirlwind.
In the step 2), the through holes at different positions on the side surfaces of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are matched and fixed, the total heights of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are controlled, and the influence on the fire cyclone under the action of different device heights is researched.
In the step 2), the trapezoidal screw rod is driven to rotate by the motor III, and the width of the gap between the openings of the two cylinders of the outer cylinder is accurately adjusted, so that the air inflow of the entrainment air is adjusted, and the influence of different air inflow on the fire cyclone is further researched.
In the step 2), the mechanical iris blade deflector rod is pulled, so that the opening size of the fuel box can be adjusted, the fire source scale is controlled, and the influence of different fire source scales on fire cyclone is researched.
In the step 2), the dosage of the liquid fuel can be increased or decreased through the fuel pipe.
When the mechanically driven forced induction fire cyclone simulation is carried out, the specific process comprises the following steps:
1) the total heights of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are controlled by utilizing the matching and fixing of the through holes at different positions on the side surfaces of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder; starting a motor III, and driving the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate, so that the width of an opening gap between the two cylinders of the outer cylinder is adjusted;
2) igniting fuel in a fuel cartridge, which may be alcohol; and (2) starting a servo motor, driving the external tooth type rotary bearing to rotate by the servo motor through a matched gear, so that the cylinder rotates, enabling air fluid to form a forced external ring amount through the opening gap in the step 1) by the rotation of the cylinder, and enabling the common pool fire to be changed into fire cyclone combustion with a high spiral ascending degree under the interaction of the forced external ring amount and the ascending motion of the hot plume.
In the step 1), the total heights of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are controlled by utilizing the matching and fixing of the through holes at different positions on the side surfaces of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder, so that the influence on the fire cyclone under the action of different device heights is studied under the condition that the fire cyclone is forcibly induced by a mechanical driving type.
In the step 2), the trapezoidal screw rod is driven by the three motors to rotate, and the width of the gap between the two cylinder openings of the outer cylinder is accurately adjusted, so that the air inflow is adjusted, and the influence of different air inflow on fire cyclone is studied under the condition that the mechanical driving type forced fire cyclone is induced.
In the step 2), the opening size of the fuel box can be adjusted by poking the mechanical iris blade poking rod, so that the fire source scale is controlled, and the influence of different fire source scales on fire cyclone is researched under the condition that the mechanical driving type forced fire cyclone is induced.
In the step 2), the speed regulating motor is arranged to enable the cylinder to rotate, and stepless speed change can be achieved in the rotating process, so that the size of the external ring amount is changed, and the influence of different external ring amounts on the fire cyclone is researched under the condition that the mechanical driving type forced induction fire cyclone is achieved.
In the step 2), the dosage of the liquid fuel can be increased or decreased through the fuel pipe.
Utility model advantage:
a multi-drive type controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device can control the following parameters, but is not limited to the control of the following parameters:
1) by rotating the trapezoidal screw rod, the width of the gap between the openings of the two cylinders of the outer cylinder can be accurately adjusted, and the air inflow is changed.
2) The stepless speed change rotation of the device can be realized through the motor speed regulator, and the magnitude of the forced external ring addition amount is changed.
3) The total height of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder can be adjusted by matching different through holes on the side surface of the inner layer cylinder.
4) By shifting the mechanical iris blade shifting lever, the aperture size can be accurately controlled, and the size of a fire source can be controlled.
5) By means of the fuel pipe, the increase and decrease of the liquid fuel dosage can be realized.
The device can simulate fire whirlwind under two different inducing conditions of a thermal driving type and a mechanical driving type, the mechanical iris blades are arranged to adjust the fire source size, the double-layer cylinder is adopted to adjust and control the total height of the cylinder, the rotary bearing is arranged to realize stepless speed change through the motor speed regulator, and the fire whirlwind characteristic and the formation mechanism comparison research are conveniently carried out.
Drawings
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front structure of a multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a mechanical iris blade of the multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a part of the mechanical iris blade of the multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the cover plate of the mechanical iris blade of the multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device.
In the figure: 1. an external tooth type slewing bearing; 2. rotating the hollow disc; 3. a trapezoidal screw rod; 4. a third motor; 5. a slider; 6. a fuel cartridge; 7. a fuel tube; 8. a mechanical iris blade; 9. an outer cylinder; 10. an inner layer cylinder; 11. a measuring device support; 12. a second motor; 13. a first motor; 14. a measuring instrument; 15. a first trapezoidal screw rod; 16. a second trapezoidal screw rod; 17. a spur gear; 18. a coupling; 19. a servo motor; 20. a substrate; 21. a screw rod support; 22. a first sliding block; 23. metal plates; 24. a second sliding block; 25. a blade base; 26. a deflector rod; 27. a blade; 28. a rocker; 29. a dial; 30. a rocker sliding groove; 31. and (7) a cover plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 to 3, the multi-drive type fire-controlled cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device comprises a base plate 20, a rotary hollow disc 2, an outer layer cylinder 9, an inner layer cylinder 10, a trapezoidal screw rod 3, a sliding block, a fuel supply device, a mechanical iris blade 8, a drive device and a measuring device part; the above components are combined to form an integrated system.
The rotating hollow disc 2 is an organic glass plate with the diameter of 400mm and the thickness of 8mm, 8 threaded holes with the diameter of 5mm, 4 through holes with the diameter of 6mm and 1 central circle with the diameter of 50mm are formed in the rotating hollow disc, 4 through holes with the diameter of 8mm are formed around the central circle, and 2 grooves with the length of 160mm and the width of 10mm are symmetrically formed at the distance of 113.75mm from the circle center and serve as tracks.
The outer layer cylinder 9 is a 2-half cylinder-shaped structure and is divided into a bottom sealing bottom and a cylinder body, wherein the inner diameter of the bottom sealing bottom is 296mm, the outer diameter is 360mm, the thickness is 6mm, an organic glass plate is additionally arranged at a position 50mm away from the circle center of the cylinder body, and 8 threaded holes with the diameter of 4mm are formed in the upper surface of the organic glass plate; the diameter of the cylinder body is 300mm, the height of the cylinder body is 300mm, the thickness of the cylinder body is 5mm, 6 through holes with the diameter of 6mm are formed in the side face of the cylinder body along the vertical direction, the distance between the first through hole and the bottom of the cylinder body is 16mm, and the rest intervals are 50 mm.
The inner layer cylinder 10 is relatively fixed in the outer layer cylinder 9 through screws, the outer wall of the inner layer cylinder 10 is superposed with the inner wall of the outer layer cylinder 9, and the position relation is coaxial. Through the through-hole and the outer drum cooperation of the different positions of inlayer drum side, can realize that regulation and control drum total height is 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm and different heights such as 500mm, and then research the influence of the organic glass drum of different heights to the fire whirlwind.
The screw rod support 21 is connected with 8 threaded holes with the diameter of 5mm of the rotary hollow disc 2 through flat head screws, the diameter of each trapezoidal screw rod 3 is 8mm, the length of each trapezoidal screw rod is 350mm, and the lead of each screw rod is 2 mm. The lead screw support 21 is internally provided with a bearing, a jackscrew is arranged beside the bearing, and the trapezoidal lead screw 3 can be fastened by the bearing jackscrew to be connected with the lead screw support bearing. The trapezoidal screw rod 3 has self-locking capacity, and can keep the slide block still when no external force is applied. A movable sliding block 5 is arranged on the trapezoidal screw rod 3, the sliding block 5 is provided with a threaded hole with the diameter of 4mm, and one surface with a hole on the sliding block 5 is attached to the bottom of the rotary hollow disc 2, so that the sliding block 5 cannot axially rotate. One end of the trapezoidal screw rod 3 is connected with a motor III 4 through a coupler, the motor III 4 can drive the trapezoidal screw rod 3 to rotate so that the sliding block 5 horizontally moves along the screw rod, and the sliding block 5 moves for 2mm when the sliding block rotates for one circle. 8 threaded holes of 4mm are formed in the bottom sealing part of the outer cylinder 9, flat head screws penetrate through the rails and are connected with the sliding blocks 5 on the lower trapezoidal lead screw 3 at the bottom of the rotary hollow disc 2, and the sliding blocks 5 can be moved by rotating the trapezoidal lead screws 3, so that the cylinder can move integrally, the opening width of two cylinder gaps of the outer cylinder 9 can be accurately adjusted, and the air input and the air speed can be controlled.
The inner diameter of the outer tooth type slewing bearing 1 is 65mm, the outer diameter is 135mm, the total height is 22mm, the modulus is 2, the number of teeth is 70, the inner ring part and the outer ring part are provided with threaded holes with the diameter of 8mm, 4 lead screws are connected with the inner ring part of the outer tooth type slewing bearing 1 to be used as a support, and the rotary hollow disc 2 is fixed on the outer ring of the outer tooth type slewing bearing 1 through 4 through holes with the diameter of 8mm by screws.
The servo motor 19 is vertically fixed through a support, the maximum idle speed of the motor is 2800r/min, the shaft diameter is 8mm, the motor is connected with a straight gear through a coupling by a connecting shaft with the diameter of 10mm, the inner diameter of the straight gear is 10mm, the modulus is 2, the number of teeth is 10, and the straight gear is matched with the external tooth type slewing bearing 1, so that the rotating speed ratio of the external tooth type slewing bearing 1 to the servo motor 19 is 1: 7. The servo motor 19 is connected with a power supply and is connected with a motor speed regulator to realize stepless speed change, so that the rotating speed of the external tooth type slewing bearing 1 and the rotating hollow disc 2 is controlled, the rotating speed of the cylinder is regulated and controlled, and the air inflow and the external ring amount are controlled.
The fuel supply device comprises a fuel device and a fuel pipe 7, wherein the fuel device comprises a base and a combustion box 6; the fuel box 6 is arranged on the base, the upper part of the combustion box 6 is provided with an opening, and when the fuel box is used, fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber; the fuel device is fixed on the inner ring of the external tooth type slewing bearing 1 through four supporting screw rods, the height of the supporting screw rods can be adjusted to ensure that the fuel box is not in direct contact with the bottom sealing part of the cylinder, and organic glass of the cylinder is prevented from being melted by the fuel box 6 at high temperature; the bottom of the fuel device is connected with a fuel pipe 7 through an interface, so that the liquid fuel in the fuel device can be increased or decreased through the fuel pipe 7.
The mechanical iris blade can be fixed at the opening of the fuel box by using a clamp, and the size of the opening of the fuel box 6 can be regulated and controlled by changing the diameter of the inner hole of the mechanical iris blade, so that the flame height, the size of a fire source dimension and the flame burning rate are controlled.
Referring to fig. 4-6, the mechanical iris blade 8 structure includes a blade base 25, a blade 27, a rocker 28, a driving plate 29 and a deflector rod 26, the driving plate 29 and the blade base 25 are circular, oblique rocker sliding grooves 30 are uniformly distributed between the inner circle and the outer circle of the driving plate 29, and the deflector rod 26 is fixedly arranged on one side of the driving plate 29; a rocker 28 is movably connected between the outer circle and the inner circle of the blade base 25 through a screw, independent fan-shaped blades 27 are fixed on the rocker 28 and connected with each other, and the fan-shaped blades 27 are distributed in the inner circle of the blade base 25 in a staggered manner to form a blade inner hole; when the fuel cartridge is used, the driving lever 26 and the driving plate 29 are pushed to drive the rocker 28, the rocker 28 drives the blades 27 to slide in the rocker sliding groove 30, so that the staggered positions of the blades 27 are changed, the size of the inner hole of each blade is changed, the size of the opening of the fuel cartridge 6 is further adjusted, and the purpose of controlling the size of a fire source is achieved. For safety protection of the device, an annular cover plate 31 is also provided on the dial.
The number of blades depicted in the figures does not represent the optimum number for the design of the invention, but is merely a schematic representation. The excircle diameter of the mechanical iris blade is 82mm, the maximum inner hole diameter is 60mm, the thickness is 8mm, and in the embodiment, the number of the blades is 18. The greater the number of blades, the closer the inner hole is formed to a circle. The adjustable diameter of the mechanical iris blade is 4-60 mm.
The measuring device comprises a first motor 13, a second motor 12, a first trapezoidal screw rod 15, a second trapezoidal screw rod 16, a sliding block 5, a measuring device bracket 11, a thermocouple, an anemoscope and other measuring equipment; the measuring device support 11 is fixed on one side of the rotating hollow disc 2, the first motor 13 is fixed on the lower portion of the measuring device support 11, the first trapezoidal screw rod 15 is connected with the first motor 13 through a coupler, and the first motor 13 drives the first trapezoidal screw rod 15 to rotate so as to adjust the height of the first sliding block 22 on the measuring device support 11; a metal plate 23 is fixed on the first sliding block 22, a second motor 12 and a second trapezoidal screw rod 16 are fixed on the metal plate 23, the second motor 12 is connected with the second trapezoidal screw rod 16 through a coupler, and a second sliding block 24 is arranged on the second trapezoidal screw rod 16; measuring equipment such as a thermocouple, an anemometer and the like is fixed on the second sliding block 24; the second motor 12 drives the second trapezoidal screw rod 16 to rotate so as to enable the second sliding block 24 to horizontally move; the first motor 13 drives the first trapezoidal screw rod 15 to enable the first sliding block 22 to move in the vertical direction, and therefore temperature and wind speed data measurement at different heights is achieved; the second motor 12 is fixed on the first sliding block 22, the second motor 12 drives the second trapezoidal screw rod 16 to enable the second sliding block 24 to move in the horizontal direction, and temperature and wind speed measurement in the horizontal direction is achieved.
The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device is used for carrying out hot-drive type natural induced fire cyclone simulation and mechanical drive type forced induced fire cyclone simulation.
The hot-driving type natural induced fire cyclone simulation refers to that after a fire source is ignited, a vortex is generated by utilizing the structure of the device, and the central fire source naturally induces fire cyclone.
The mechanically-driven forced induced fire cyclone simulation means that by utilizing the structure of the device, a generated vortex is forcibly applied and formed, so that the environmental fluid has certain initial rotation when entering the device, and fire cyclone is formed under the coupling action of upward movement of high-temperature gas caused by combustion and rotating fluid.
The simulation process of the hot-driving type natural induced fire whirlwind comprises the following steps: the trapezoidal screw rod is driven by the motor three to rotate, so that the two divided outer cylinders are horizontally staggered to generate an opening gap, alcohol fuel in the fuel box is ignited, air in the organic glass cylinder is subjected to thermal expansion along with combustion, the density is reduced, the air flows in the vertical direction to form a convection cylinder, and a small pressure difference can be formed between any point in the convection cylinder and a certain point at the same height in the environment. Therefore, ambient air can move to the convection cylinder through the opening gap to form lateral air entrainment, and under the complex interaction of the lateral air entrainment and the rising movement of the thermal plume, the common convection cylinder disappears and is replaced by the highly-rotating cylindrical flame to form fire whirlwind.
The simulation process of the hot-driving type natural ignition cyclone relates to the following control parameters: the through-hole of accessible cooperation inside and outside layer drum side different positions when the fire whirlwind under the hot drive mode of simulation, control organic glass drum total height, the influence to fire whirlwind under the high effect of different devices of research. The trapezoidal lead screw is driven to rotate by the three motors, so that the width of an opening gap of the organic glass cylinder can be accurately adjusted, the air inflow of the entrainment air is adjusted, and the influence of different air inflow on the fire cyclone is researched. By shifting the mechanical iris blade shifting lever, the size of the opening of the fuel box can be adjusted, so that the fire source scale is controlled, and the influence of different fire source scales on fire cyclone is researched.
The simulation process of the mechanically-driven forced ignition cyclone comprises the following steps: the speed regulating motor is arranged to rotate the organic glass cylinder (the cylinder body consisting of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder), and the speed can be changed steplessly in the rotating process. The rotation of the plexiglass cylinder makes the air fluid form forced external circulation quantity through the opening gap, and under the interaction of the external circulation quantity and the rising movement of the hot plume, the common pool fire is changed into fire whirlwind combustion with spiral rising height.
Control parameters of the mechanically-driven forced ignition cyclone simulation process are as follows: the through-hole of accessible cooperation inside and outside layer drum side different positions when the fire whirlwind under the mechanical drive mode, control organic glass drum overall height, the influence to fire whirlwind under the high effect of different devices of research. Utilize three drive trapezoidal lead screws of motor to rotate, can the accurate adjustment organic glass cylinder opening gap width, because the organic glass cylinder is the rotating condition, the change of opening gap width can make the air input change to different air inputs are to the influence of fire whirlwind under the research mechanical drive formula. By shifting the mechanical iris blade shifting lever, the size of the opening of the fuel box can be adjusted, so that the fire source scale is controlled, and the influence of different fire source scales on the mechanical driving type fire whirlwind is researched. By adjusting the motor speed regulator, stepless speed change can be realized in the rotation process of the organic glass cylinder, and the rotation speed of the organic glass cylinder is changed, so that the size of the external circulation quantity is changed, and the influence of the external circulation quantity on the fire cyclone is further researched.
The utility model discloses a control drive arrangement can realize the fire whirlwind under the two kinds of drive methods of simulation heat-drive formula and mechanical drive formula, after in-service use, verifies the utilization the utility model discloses the device structure can control the fire source yardstick, device height, opening width, rotating ring volume isoparametric simulation fire whirlwind under the different operating modes, helps the further research to fire whirlwind.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a controllable fire whirlwind experiment simulation presentation device of many drive formulas which characterized in that: comprises a base plate, a rotary hollow disc, an outer layer cylinder, an inner layer cylinder, a trapezoidal screw rod, a sliding block, a fuel supply device, a mechanical iris blade, a driving device and a measuring device;
the outer layer cylinder and the inner layer cylinder are arranged above the rotating hollow disc to form a double-layer cylinder;
the trapezoidal screw rod and the sliding block are fixed below the rotating hollow disc and are connected with the outer-layer cylinder and the inner-layer cylinder;
the fuel supply device is arranged above the rotating hollow disc;
the mechanical iris blade is arranged at the upper part of the fuel supply device and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the blade;
the measuring device is arranged on one side of the rotating hollow disc, and the measuring equipment can move in the horizontal and vertical directions;
the driving device is arranged between the lower part of the rotating hollow disk and the base plate and provides driving force for driving the rotating hollow disk to rotate.
2. The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving device comprises an external tooth type rotary bearing, a servo motor, a motor speed regulator and a coupling;
the outer tooth type slewing bearing fixes the inner ring part of the bearing as a bracket by utilizing four support lead screws, the inner ring part of the outer tooth type slewing bearing and the outer ring part of the outer tooth type slewing bearing are both provided with screw holes and have bearing capacity, the inner ring does not rotate when the outer tooth type slewing bearing rotates, and the outer ring rotates;
the inner circle of the rotating hollow disc and the outer ring part of the outer tooth type rotary bearing are connected and fixed by screws penetrating through screw holes, an outer gear of the outer tooth type rotary bearing is meshed with a straight gear, the straight gear is connected with a transmission shaft of a servo motor through a coupler, and the servo motor is vertically fixed on a base plate through a support; a transmission shaft of the servo motor and a straight gear rotate coaxially, so that the straight gear is meshed with an outer gear of the outer tooth type slewing bearing and drives the outer gear to rotate, and the rotating hollow disc can rotate around the center of the outer tooth type slewing bearing stably;
the trapezoidal screw rod is fixed at the bottom of the rotary hollow disc through two screw rod supports, a bearing is arranged in each screw rod support, a jackscrew is arranged beside each bearing, and the trapezoidal screw rod is clamped by the jackscrew of the bearing and is connected with the bearing of each screw rod support; the trapezoidal screw rod has self-locking capacity, and can keep the sliding block still when no external force is applied; the sliding block is tightly attached to the bottom of the rotating cylinder, so that the sliding block is prevented from rotating; the trapezoidal screw rod is connected with the servo motor through the coupler, the servo motor drives the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate, and the trapezoidal screw rod can enable the sliding block to stably move along the trapezoidal screw rod in the horizontal direction through rotation;
the servo motor is matched with an outer ring of the outer tooth type slewing bearing through a bracket and is used as driving power;
the motor speed regulator is connected with the servo motor; the motor speed regulator is provided with a switch and a rotating speed regulating button, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated by rotating the rotating speed regulating button, so that the stepless speed change of the rotating part of the device is realized.
3. The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the inner layer cylinder is matched and fixed with the outer layer cylinder through a through hole arranged on the side surface, and the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder are coaxial; the outer layer cylinder and the inner layer cylinder are both organic glass cylinders;
the outer-layer cylinder consists of two symmetrical cylinders, the two cylinders are both in a semi-cylinder shape, the upper parts of the two cylinders are provided with openings, and the bottom parts of the two cylinders are provided with semi-circular sealing bottoms, so that the stability of the structure of the outer-layer cylinder is enhanced conveniently; the two cylinders of the outer layer cylinder are arranged in a staggered mode to form an opening gap, air can enter the cylinder from the gap under the action of thermal drive or mechanical drive, the opening gap enables the air to form a rotating ring volume after entering the cylinder, and a fire cyclone phenomenon is generated under the coupling effect of the rotating ring volume and the rising motion of a thermal plume caused by combustion;
the bottom of the outer cylinder is symmetrically provided with two slots, the slots are connected with the sliding blocks on the trapezoidal screw rods through screws for the slots, at least 3 screws for connection are used, and the outer cylinder is ensured not to rotate randomly; the servo motor drives the trapezoidal screw rod to rotate; the slide block moves along the horizontal direction due to the rotation of the trapezoidal screw rod, the two cylinders of the outer cylinder are respectively connected with the slide block, and the two cylinders of the outer cylinder can be driven to move through the movement of the slide block, so that the width of an opening gap between the two cylinders of the outer cylinder is adjusted.
4. The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the through holes on the side surface of the inner layer cylinder are at least five and can be matched with the outer layer cylinder through the through holes at different positions, so that the total height of the inner layer cylinder and the outer layer cylinder can be adjusted.
5. The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fuel supply device comprises a fuel device and a fuel pipe; the fuel device is fixed on the inner ring of the external tooth type slewing bearing through the four supporting screw rods, the height of the supporting screw rods can be adjusted to ensure that the fuel box is not in direct contact with the bottom sealing part of the cylinder, and organic glass is prevented from being melted by the fuel box at high temperature; the bottom of the fuel device is connected with the fuel pipe through an interface, so that the liquid fuel in the fuel device can be increased or decreased conveniently through the fuel pipe; the fuel device comprises a base and a combustion box; the fuel box is arranged on the base, the upper part of the combustion box is provided with an opening, and when the fuel box is used, fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber; the mechanical iris blade is relatively fixed above the fuel box.
6. The multi-drive controllable fire cyclone experimental simulation demonstration device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the mechanical iris blade structure comprises a blade base, blades, a rocker, a driving plate and a driving lever, wherein the driving plate and the blade base are both in a circular shape, inclined rocker sliding grooves are uniformly distributed between the inner circle and the outer circle of the driving plate, and the driving lever is fixedly arranged on one side of the driving plate; a rocker is movably connected between the outer circle and the inner circle of the blade base through a screw, independent fan-shaped blades are fixed on the rocker to be connected, and the fan-shaped blades are distributed in the inner circle of the blade base in a staggered mode to form a blade inner hole; an annular cover plate is also arranged on the drive plate.
7. The multi-drive type controllable fire cyclone experiment simulation demonstration device as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein: the measuring device comprises a first motor, a second motor, a first trapezoidal screw rod, a second trapezoidal screw rod, a sliding block, a measuring device bracket, a thermocouple, an anemoscope and other measuring equipment; the first trapezoidal screw rod is driven by the first motor to rotate so as to adjust the height of the first sliding block on the measuring device bracket; a metal plate is fixed on the first sliding block, a second motor and a second trapezoidal screw rod are fixed on the metal plate, the second motor is connected with the second trapezoidal screw rod through a coupler, and the second trapezoidal screw rod is provided with a second sliding block; measuring equipment such as a thermocouple, an anemometer and the like is fixed on the second sliding block; the second motor drives the second trapezoidal screw rod to rotate so as to enable the second sliding block to horizontally move; the first motor drives the first trapezoidal screw rod to enable the first sliding block to move in the vertical direction, and temperature and wind speed data measurement at different heights is achieved; the second motor is fixed on the first sliding block and drives the second trapezoidal screw rod to enable the second sliding block to move in the horizontal direction, so that measurement of temperature and wind speed in the horizontal direction is achieved, and measurement of data such as temperature and wind speed at any point in a vertical plane can be achieved through mutual matching of the two.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110491238A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-22 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of controllable fire whirl experiment simulation demonstrating apparatus of multi-drive type |
| CN117428680A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-23 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | Missile wing mold processing |
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2019
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110491238A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-22 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of controllable fire whirl experiment simulation demonstrating apparatus of multi-drive type |
| CN117428680A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-23 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | Missile wing mold processing |
| CN117428680B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-06-04 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | Missile wing mold processing |
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