CN210863655U - Solid fuel variable-angle fire spread experimental device under action of ambient wind - Google Patents
Solid fuel variable-angle fire spread experimental device under action of ambient wind Download PDFInfo
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- CN210863655U CN210863655U CN201921400193.4U CN201921400193U CN210863655U CN 210863655 U CN210863655 U CN 210863655U CN 201921400193 U CN201921400193 U CN 201921400193U CN 210863655 U CN210863655 U CN 210863655U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a solid fuel becomes angle conflagration and spreads experimental apparatus under environment wind effect, including becoming angle solid fuel laboratory bench, air feed system and data acquisition processing system. The variable-angle solid fuel experiment table can change the size of an experiment material according to experiment requirements, the side edge of the experiment table is connected with an angle adjusting disc which can rotate at any angle, and the environment wind with different directions and sizes can be simulated by combining different placing modes of the experiment table and a wind tunnel; the thermocouple frame on the back of the experiment table is of a combined rectangular structure, the temperature of any position of an experiment material can be measured by matching with the thermocouple frame with the movable front, and the measurement of relevant parameters of the experiment is completed by combining a heat flow measurement system and a camera system. The utility model discloses set up one set of research coupling environment wind and building material fire spreading simulation experiment device under the inclination effect, air feed system safety, convenient, accurate has complete parameter measurement system, can study building material under the different environmental conditions and ignite the complete process of stretching.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a conflagration safety technical field, more specifically the solid fuel becomes angle conflagration and spreads experimental apparatus under the effect of environment wind that says so designs for solid fuel burning and the research of fire spreading action under the effect of the forced convection to different wind speeds, wind direction.
Background
With the development of modern buildings in large space and multiple functions, the types and the quantity of combustible materials used in the buildings are gradually increased, so that fire is easily induced, the spreading speed is extremely high, and the building safety is greatly threatened. The combustion of building materials is one of the solid fire spreads, and the fire spread tendency after the fire is started is difficult to control due to the complex composition of the building materials. Therefore, the research on the fire spread on the solid surface has great practical significance for the prevention and treatment of building fire.
In a practical fire scenario, the angle of inclination of the ambient wind and material are important factors affecting the solid fuel burn rate and the fire spread rate. The combustion surface of the building material is subjected to the coupling effect of buoyancy and forced convection under the action of ambient wind, so that the heat transfer of the solid material and the dredging process of combustion products are different from the condition of no wind outside; and the different inclination angles can change the relative positions of the flame and the material, thereby changing the heat transfer condition on the surface of the material.
The previous studies have conducted studies on the influence of ambient wind and the material inclination angle on the combustion characteristics of solid fuels and the fire spreading behavior. Influence of ambient wind: loh et al studied the effect of ambient wind on the fire spreading behavior of horizontal hot-thick PMMA and found that ambient wind and fire spreading speed exhibit a linear relationship; zhao Luo Yuan reveals the influence mechanism of the width of the hot thick material on the flame structure and the fire spreading speed under the downwind condition, and establishes a fire spreading speed model based on the flame staying distance based on the correction Spalding number; wu et al have studied the influence of wind speed on the PMMA fire spreading rate under the condition of counter-current fire spreading through the method of experiment and numerical simulation, and have found that the PMMA ignition delay is caused by the increase of the flow rate, and the fire spreading rate is reduced; chao et al have studied the downstream fire spreading law under the coupling effect of external air flow velocity and oxygen concentration, reflect the magnitude of influence of air velocity on the fire spreading process through flame length, flame temperature; ajay v.singh et al studied the effect of ambient wind on the combustion rate of horizontal solid fuels; the evolution relationship of the ignition time and the surface temperature rise of the non-carbonized material PMMA along with the wind speed and the external radiation heat flow is researched by the Fangjun et al. Influence of the tilt angle of the material: the influence of the inclination angle of the material on the burning rate and the flame form of the material is researched by old, natural and other people; M.J. Gollner et al studied the change law of the fire spreading rate of PMMA at different inclination angles, and found that the fire spreading rate of the material increases with the increase of the inclination angle; ohtani et al studied the relationship between the rate of combustion of a material and the coefficient of heat transfer at different angles of inclination; nakamura et al studied the pyrolysis ignition and fire propagation process of the thermal thin PMMA at different inclination angles and found that the ignition time of the front surface of the material increases with increasing angle when the angle of the material is between-90 ° and 30 °.
The research and analysis of the prior art can show that the research of the solid fuel by the predecessors mostly focuses on the condition of a single influence factor, the fire spread and the combustion characteristics of the material under the action of the ambient wind or the inclination angle can not be determined, the characteristic parameters of the material combustion under the coupling action of the ambient wind and the inclination angle can not be determined, and the difference from the actual fire scene is large. And the data measured by the existing experimental method is single, and a relevant special experimental research system is not seen. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a combustible fire spreading characteristic experimental device which can effectively control and simulate the solid fuel fire scene in the actual environment and can finely measure experimental parameters.
Therefore, the utility model designs and develops a fire simulation experiment system that solid fuel burns and spreads, has realized can simulate different environment wind speed, wind direction, material size and material inclination coupling effect under the experimental apparatus that solid fuel burns and spreads, provides a whole set of solution for studying characteristic parameter evolution laws such as temperature distribution, heat current distribution and flame form in the solid fuel combustion process.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a solid fuel becomes angle conflagration and spreads experimental apparatus under environment wind effect for can be under the experiment yardstick fully research environment wind to the burning behavior and the fire spreading characteristic of different inclination solid fuel.
The utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a solid fuel angle-variable fire spreading experimental device under the action of environmental wind comprises an angle-variable solid fuel experimental bench, an air supply system and a data acquisition and processing system; wherein:
the main body of the variable-angle solid fuel experiment table comprises: the device comprises a bottom support frame, an angle adjusting device, a material support plate, a material support frame, a material fixing device, a flame extension plate and a measuring system. The bottom support frame, the flame extension plate and the material support frame are made of aluminum profiles; the angle adjusting device, the material supporting plate and the material fixing strip are made of stainless steel.
The angle adjusting device is composed of an angle adjusting disc and an angle fixing bolt. The angle adjusting disc is connected with the bottom supporting frame through bolts, and the angle fixing bolts are connected with the material supporting frame. The material supporting frame is fixed at a specified angle through the angle fixing bolt, and the angle adjusting range of the material supporting frame and the horizontal plane is 0-180 degrees.
The solid fuel is placed in the center of the material supporting plate and is fixed by the left and right material fixing strips. The two sides of the material are sealed by the material fixing strips.
The flame extension plate is connected with the material support plate through bolts, and the length of the flame extension plate can be extended or contracted according to the length of flame in an experiment.
The data acquisition and processing system comprises a temperature measuring system, a heat flow measuring system, a wind speed measuring system and a camera system, wherein: the temperature measuring system comprises two parts, wherein one part is a plurality of thermocouples arranged from top to bottom and arranged in the solid fuel and used for measuring the temperature distribution in the material, and the other part is a thermocouple on a 2-D guide rail at the side of the fuel, and the temperature distribution of flame and gas above the material is measured by controlling the position of the 2-D guide rail through a computer; the heat flow measurement system comprises a plurality of top-to-bottom heat flow meters positioned inside the solid fuel for measuring the flame heat flow profile received by the solids; the wind speed measuring system comprises vertically distributed wind speed measuring devices arranged between the variable-angle solid fuel experiment table and the fan; the camera system is characterized in that a high-speed camera is erected on one side of the variable-angle solid fuel experiment table and used for monitoring the spreading behavior of the solid fuel in real time.
The air supply system comprises a small wind tunnel arranged on one side of the test bed, and a multi-array flow stabilizing pipe is fixed on one side of the fan and used for providing uniform wind flow; the fan is provided with a speed regulating valve, and the wind speed is adjustable; the air supply system is surrounded by the light-permeable glass on four sides, so that a unidirectional ventilation experiment environment is formed, and uniform and stable environmental wind can be provided.
Wherein, the different components of the experiment table are connected by bolts, and the components can be detached. In order to research the combustion characteristics of solid fuels with different sizes, a plurality of material supporting plates with different sizes and measuring positions are designed.
Wherein, the solid fuel is a combustible solid material, such as acrylic, a wood material, a building thermal insulation material XPS, a plywood and the like.
The utility model discloses advantage compared with current lies in:
the utility model discloses established one set of research coupling complex environment wind and material inclination effect solid fuel fire spreading action and flame characteristic parameter experimental apparatus down for the first time, wind direction, wind speed can be adjusted, and the system is safe convenient, numerical value is accurate. The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are embodied in the following aspects:
1. in the aspect of the experimental materials, the utility model discloses study multiple combustible solid material's conflagration action, like ya keli, wooden material, building insulation material XPS, plywood etc. can select corresponding experimental material kind, size according to the experiment purpose for the fire of material stretchs the action under the different environment of simulation (wind speed, angle).
2. In the aspect of the laboratory bench, each part of the laboratory bench is of a detachable structure, and the material supporting plate can be replaced according to experimental materials and measurement requirements. The inclination angle of the material is adjusted through the angle fixing rod, and the inclination angle of the solid fuel is displayed by the angle adjusting disc, so that the fire scene of solid fuel combustion at different angles is simulated.
3. In the aspect of environmental wind simulation, a centrifugal variable-speed engine is adopted to provide stable and continuous environmental wind, the wind speed fluctuation is less than 2%, the direction of a test table can be placed according to test requirements, so that different environmental wind speeds and wind directions are simulated, the complete process from ignition to spreading of the building material under the action of complex environmental wind is truly simulated, and the method can be used for researching the influence mechanism of the environmental wind on the fire spreading behavior of the building material;
4. in the aspect of experimental parameter measurement, thermocouples on the 2-D guide rail can be moved randomly in two-dimensional directions under the control of a computer, the number of the thermocouples can be set according to requirements, and then two-dimensional temperature fields of flame in the horizontal and vertical directions are measured, and an array type thermocouple frame is arranged on the back of the material and can measure the internal temperature distribution of the material; radiation and heat flow measuring devices are arranged in the material, so that the influence mechanism of different wind speeds and inclination angles on the spread of the solid fuel fire can be conveniently researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a solid fuel angle-variable fire spread experimental apparatus under the action of ambient wind; in the figure: 1. a wind wall; 2. a rectifier tube; 3. a wind speed measuring device; 4. a high-speed camera;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front structural view of a variable angle solid fuel fire spread experiment table; in the figure: 5. a flame extension plate; 6. fixing the bolt; 7.2-D guide rail cross bars; 8. a heat flow meter; 9.2-D rail vertical bars; 10. a material fixing strip; 11. a thermocouple; 12. material support frame-cross frame; 13. a material support plate; 14. material support frame-mullion; 15. an angle adjusting disk; 16. an angle fixing rod; 17. a bottom support bracket;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back side structure of a variable angle solid fuel fire spread experiment table; in the figure: 8. a heat flow meter; 12. material support frame-cross frame; 18. a thermocouple frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fastening strip of material 10;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the thermocouple frame 18; in the figure: 11. a thermocouple; 18. a thermocouple frame; 19. clamping a screw;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a 2-D guide rail structure: in the figure: 7.2-D guide rail cross bars; 9.2-D rail vertical bars; 11. and a thermocouple.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the solid fuel fire spread experimental apparatus with variable angle under the action of the ambient wind in the embodiment includes a solid fuel fire spread experimental bench with variable angle, an air supply system and a data acquisition system. The whole experimental simulation device is arranged as shown in the figure, and comprises an air supply system, a wind speed measuring device 3, a high-speed camera 4 and a variable-angle solid fuel fire spread experimental table from left to right. The high-speed camera 4 is arranged on the left side of the experiment table and used for shooting and recording the flame form and other experimental phenomena in the experiment process. The air supply system comprises an air wall 1 and a rectifying pipe 2, wherein the air wall 1 comprises four surfaces, and a solid fuel fire spreading experiment table is enclosed to form a one-way ventilation space. The material of the wind wall 1 is light-permeable glass.
Referring to fig. 2, the material bottom support frame 17 is a T-shaped aluminum alloy frame. The angle adjusting plate 15 is fixed to the bottom support frame 17 by bolts. The circle center of the angle adjusting disc 15 is located at the center of the bottom support frame 17 vertical rod, and the top of the angle adjusting disc 15 is flush with the top of the bottom support frame 17 vertical rod. The material supporting frame is formed by connecting two material supporting frames, namely a transverse frame 12 and two material supporting frames, namely a vertical frame 14, through bolts, and the middle point of the material supporting frame, namely the vertical frame 14, is connected with a bottom supporting frame 17 and an angle adjusting plate 15 through the same bolt. The angle adjusting disc 15 is provided with a semi-arch hollow, the angle fixing rod 16 penetrates through the semi-arch hollow of the angle adjusting disc 15 to be fixed on the side surface of the material supporting frame-vertical frame 14, and the material supporting frame is fixed at a certain inclination angle position through a bolt. The material support plate 13 is placed on the material support frame, and four corners are fixed to the material support frame by bolts. The flame extension plate 5 is connected with the material support plate 13 through the fixing bolt 6, and the length of the flame extension plate 5 can be extended or contracted according to the experiment requirement. The 2-D guide rail is fixed to the right side of the material support plate 13. The thermocouple is fixed on the 2-D guide rail, and the position of the thermocouple is controlled by a computer. The heat flux meters 8 are arranged in the center of the material support plate 13, distributed at the same pitch from top to bottom. The heat flux meter 8 is rotated from the back of the material supporting plate 13 to the front of the material supporting plate 13 by a designated distance through a screw hole and is fixed by a screw. The experimental material is placed in the center of the material supporting plate 13 and fixed to the material supporting plate 13 by the material fixing strip 10 through bolts.
Referring to fig. 3, the thermocouple frames 18 are arranged at the same interval from top to bottom on the back surface of the material support plate 13 and fixed by bolts. The heat flux meter 8 is rotated from the back to the front of the material support plate 13 through the threaded hole.
Referring to fig. 4, the material fixing strip 10 is L-shaped in cross section, in which a thinner stainless steel strip portion is covered on the test material and a thicker stainless steel strip portion is fixed to the material supporting plate 13 by bolts. The thickness of the material fixing strip 10 is adjusted according to the thickness of the material, and the side surface of the material is closed.
Referring to fig. 5, a ferrule screw 19 is fixed to the thermocouple frame 18 by a screw, and the thermocouple 11 passes through the middle of the ferrule screw 19, and the fixing position is adjusted by the ferrule screw.
Referring to fig. 6, the 2-D guide rail is composed of a 2-D guide rail vertical rod 9 and a 2-D guide rail horizontal rod 7. The 2-D guide rail vertical rod 9 is connected with the 2-D guide rail cross rod 7 through a cross rod rail, and the thermocouple 11 is fixed on the 2-D guide rail vertical rod 9. The 2-D guide rail vertical rod 9 can be controlled by a computer to move in the horizontal direction along the 2-D guide rail cross rod 7, and the thermocouple 11 is controlled to move up and down along the 2-D guide rail vertical rod.
Experiment 1: the influence mechanism of the wind in the complex environment on the three-dimensional fire spread and the flame characteristic parameters of the high-rise building is researched. Firstly, the experiment table is rotated to a specified inclination angle, and the front and back temperature measuring systems and the heat flow measuring system of the experiment table are arranged well, so that the normal operation of the 2-D guide rail, the heat flow meter and the thermocouple is ensured. The experimental material is fixed at the center of the experiment table, the heat flowmeter and the thermocouple at the back of the experiment table penetrate through the preset hole in the experimental material, and the two sides of the experimental material are wrapped and fixed at the designated position by the material fixing strip. And adjusting the position of the camera and determining the shooting ratio. And starting the fan, gradually adjusting to the specified frequency, and determining the wind direction through the wind direction adjusting device. The experiment was ready and the bottom of the material was uniformly ignited with a gaseous flame source. And (3) starting to collect heat flow and temperature data while igniting, and recording flame spread and evolution processes by a high-speed camera. The three-dimensional fire spreading phenomenon of the high-rise building material under the action of environmental wind with different wind directions and wind speeds can be researched by adjusting the frequency of the fan and rotating the wind direction control device and the device. Experiments under different working conditions (the inclination angle of the experiment table, the environmental wind direction and the wind speed) need to wait for the cooling of the experiment table material, and then the preparation steps are repeated.
Experiment 2: the mechanism of the influence of environmental wind on the extinguishing of building ignition materials is researched. The laboratory instruments were first arranged and set up as described in experiment 1. The experiment was ready and the bottom of the material was uniformly ignited with a gaseous flame source. And (3) starting to collect heat flow and temperature data while igniting, and recording the process of flame spread and evolution by a high-speed camera. The frequency of the fan is adjusted, and the experiment that the fire of the high-rise building material is changed from spreading to extinguishing under the action of environmental wind with different wind directions and wind speeds can be researched by matching the arrangement angle of the device. The experimental wind speed was gradually increased until the material extinguished. For multiple experiments (experiment table inclination angle, environmental wind direction and wind speed), the preparation steps are repeated after the material is cooled.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a solid fuel becomes angle conflagration and spreads experimental apparatus under environment wind effect which characterized in that: the device comprises a variable-angle solid fuel experiment table, an air supply system and a data acquisition and processing system; wherein:
the main body of the variable-angle solid fuel experiment table comprises: the device comprises a bottom support frame, an angle adjusting device, a material support plate, a material support frame, a material fixing device, a flame extension plate and a measuring system, wherein the bottom support frame and the material support frame are made of aluminum profiles; the angle adjusting device, the material supporting plate and the material fixing device are made of stainless steel;
the angle adjusting device is composed of an angle adjusting disc and an angle fixing bolt, the angle adjusting disc is connected with the bottom supporting frame through the bolt, the angle fixing bolt is connected with the material supporting frame, the material supporting frame is fixed at a specified angle through the angle fixing bolt, and the angle adjusting range of the material supporting frame and the horizontal plane is 0-180 degrees;
the solid fuel is placed in the center of the material supporting plate and is fixed by the material fixing strips at the left side and the right side, and the two side edges of the material are sealed by the material fixing strips;
the flame extension plate is connected with the material support plate, and the length of the flame extension plate can be extended or contracted according to the length of flame in an experiment;
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a temperature measuring system, a heat flow measuring system, a wind speed measuring system and a camera system, wherein: the temperature measuring system comprises a plurality of thermocouples which are arranged inside the solid fuel from top to bottom and are used for measuring the temperature distribution inside the material, and thermocouples arranged on a 2-D guide rail on one side of the fuel, wherein the 2-D guide rail is controlled by a computer to measure the temperature distribution of flame and air above the material; the heat flow measurement system comprises a plurality of top-to-bottom heat flow meters positioned inside the solid fuel for measuring the flame heat flow profile received by the solids; the wind speed measuring system is characterized in that a bundle of wind speed measuring points are arranged between the variable-angle solid fuel experiment table and the fan; one side of the camera system, which is actually a variable-angle solid fuel experiment table, is provided with a high-speed camera for recording the fire behavior of the solid fuel in real time;
the air supply system comprises a small wind tunnel arranged on one side of the test bed, and a multi-array flow stabilizing pipe is fixed on one side of the fan and used for providing uniform wind flow; the fan is provided with a speed regulating valve, and the wind speed is adjustable; the air supply system is surrounded by the light-permeable glass on four sides, so that a unidirectional ventilation experiment environment is formed, and uniform and stable environmental wind can be provided.
2. The solid fuel angle-variable fire spread experimental device under the action of the ambient wind as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: different components of the experiment table are connected through bolts, the components can be detached, and a plurality of material supporting plates with different sizes and measuring positions are designed for researching the combustion characteristics of solid fuels with different sizes.
3. The solid fuel angle-variable fire spread experimental device under the action of the ambient wind as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the solid fuel is a combustible solid material, in particular to acrylic, a wood material, a building heat-insulating material XPS or a plywood.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921400193.4U CN210863655U (en) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | Solid fuel variable-angle fire spread experimental device under action of ambient wind |
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| CN201921400193.4U CN210863655U (en) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | Solid fuel variable-angle fire spread experimental device under action of ambient wind |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110441467A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect |
| CN112857467A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Canyon tunnel group pollutant cross flow measuring system capable of adjusting wind temperature and humidity |
| CN114894957A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 南京工业大学 | Experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles |
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2019
- 2019-08-27 CN CN201921400193.4U patent/CN210863655U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110441467A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of lower solid fuel varied angle fire spread experimental provision of ambient wind effect |
| CN112857467A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Canyon tunnel group pollutant cross flow measuring system capable of adjusting wind temperature and humidity |
| CN112857467B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-04-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Canyon tunnel group pollutant cross flow measuring system capable of adjusting wind temperature and humidity |
| CN114894957A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 南京工业大学 | Experimental device for simulating ignition characteristics of high-temperature and high-speed particles |
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Address after: No.443 Huangshan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022 Patentee after: University of Science and Technology of China Address before: 230026 Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, No. 96 Patentee before: University of Science and Technology of China |