CN106645552B - A test device for fire performance of building facades - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof performance test device for building facades, which comprises a simulated main wall with a window at the lower part, a combustion chamber arranged beside the simulated main wall and having an opening communicating with the window, and a burner placed in the combustion chamber Components, the simulated wing walls arranged on both sides of the simulated main wall, the grid frame set in the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls, the heat flow sensor and the The thermocouple sensor holes for temperature measurement, and the ambient air supply device located directly in front of the two simulated wing walls. The invention is a simulation test device for the fire performance of building facade components in different high-rise and super high-rise building facade forms and different environmental wind speed environments. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can target the building facade forms It provides an important test model for the coupling effect of the wind speed of the external environment on the flame characteristics of the opening overflow and its effect on the fire performance of the facade, filling the gap in the industry.

Description

A test device for fire performance of building facades

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire protection engineering, in particular to a test device for the fire performance of building facades.

Background technique

With the continuous development of my country's economy, high-rise/super high-rise buildings continue to emerge, and their fire safety issues are also increasingly valued. After a fire breaks out in a high-rise/ultra-high-rise building, the incompletely combusted components of the fuel form overflow flames through the vertical openings of the external wall such as windows, which is likely to ignite the combustible thermal insulation materials on the external wall, or cause the upper glass curtain wall to rupture, thus causing multiple accidents. Floor fire spread. Many fire accidents at home and abroad in recent years have shown that it is difficult to put out fires in high-rise buildings, and it is difficult to quickly control the fire, which can easily lead to heavy property losses and casualties. Cases in recent years have found that the facade has become an important way for the rapid spread of fire in high-rise buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior characteristics of fire spillage from openings under different external environmental winds and different facade forms and its impact on the fire protection of building facades. The influence of performance has very important practical significance for the fire safety of high-rise buildings.

At present, my country's "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (GB50016-2006) and "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" (GB50045-952005) have no relevant provisions aimed at preventing fires caused by external wall insulation materials, and the regulations also contain There is no specific content for the design of the fireproof structure of the building's exterior wall. Even the latest "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (GB50016-2014) only puts forward requirements on the combustion performance of the insulation of the exterior wall of civil buildings and the insulation materials used for its decoration. .

In addition, the external wall where the building windows and openings are located may form an L-shaped external facade with another adjacent single-wing wall, which may aggravate the vertical spread of overflow flames. Actual fire cases show that when there is another wing wall near the opening of the outer wall, the thermal hazard of the flame overflow on the outer wall surface may be more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of external structural forms of different types of building facades, fixed structures such as windows, and external environmental wind speed on building overflow flame behavior, so as to provide theoretical support and reference for fire protection design of high-rise building facades.

In view of the complexity and variability of fire phenomena, the fire performance of building facades is mainly studied through scale-down experiments, focusing on the effects of building facade form, window area size, and ambient wind speed on building overflow flame behavior.

Although similar design studies have been proposed in the prior art, none of them can meet the requirements of the fire performance simulation test device for building facades. For example, the patent document with the patent application number 201510133068.1 discloses a simulation experiment device for the fireproof structure and performance of building exterior walls, which focuses on the study of building exterior wall fire protection through the design of building exterior wall horizontal baffles and vertical baffles. Structures such as horizontal baffles, vertical baffles, and fire barriers on the fire performance and influence mechanism of the flame behavior of the facade, as well as the fire performance of building exterior wall insulation materials and fire protection under the conditions of a variety of complex building exterior fireproof structures Performance research cannot be used to simulate the simulation experiment of the change of the distance between the side walls of the building facade, the change of the window size, and the determination of the heat release rate of the fire source. For example, the patent document with the patent application number of 200910184963.0 discloses a fire simulation experiment device for the outer wall of urban buildings. Through the design of the slope plate, it focuses on the impact of indoor overflow fire on the outer wall of the building, and the condition of the adjacent slope is limited. The experimental and research equipment of the flame behavior, the focus of the research is the influence of the external slope of the building on the building, which cannot be used to simulate the influence of structural forms such as building facades on the overflow flame behavior. For example, the patent application number is 201010580927.9, which also discloses a fire experiment device for building exterior wall insulation system. This device studies the fire spread law and fire spread suppression measures of building exterior wall insulation materials themselves. The research focus is on the influence of building exterior wall structure. However, it cannot simulate the flame behavior test under the situation of double flank walls.

In summary, how to develop a test device that considers the coupling of multiple factors to carry out research on the flame characteristics of facade openings under the action of different facade forms and ambient wind and the corresponding fire prevention and control technology has become an important issue. One of the technical problems urgently needed to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the present invention provides a test device for the fire performance of building facades, which can simulate and test the fire performance of the facades of typical building facades and different environmental wind speeds.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A test device for the fire performance of building facades, comprising a simulated main wall with a window at the lower part, a combustion chamber arranged next to the simulated main wall and having an opening communicating with the window, placed in the combustion chamber for combustion to produce The flame and the burner assembly overflowing from the opening are arranged on the simulated wing walls on both sides of the simulated main wall, and the grid frame is set in the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls. The heat flow sensor for real-time measurement of the heat flux density on the simulated main wall is arranged on the grid and close to the simulated main wall, and the thermocouple sensor hole position for measuring the temperature in the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls, And an ambient air supply device located directly in front of the two simulated wing walls for generating ambient wind and spraying it uniformly at a wind speed of 0-20m/s into the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls.

Specifically, the ambient wind supply device includes an ambient wind field simulation unit and a control system; the ambient wind field simulation unit includes a housing located directly in front of the two simulated wing walls, and arranged in the housing in sequence The variable speed fans, electric air valves, rectifying grilles and air supply ducts; the variable speed fans correspond to at least three electric air valves, and the rectification grilles and air supply ducts are the same in number as the electric air valves and One-to-one correspondence, and the end of each air supply duct is provided with a spherical nozzle, the spherical nozzle is facing the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls; the electric air valve is a single-axis rectangular air valve , the valve body can rotate freely within the range of 0°～90°; the number of spherical nozzles at the end of each air supply duct is not less than three, and they are evenly distributed, each nozzle can output 0~20m/s wind speed, The air supply angle can be adjusted manually or by an actuator within the range of plus or minus 30°; the control system is simultaneously connected with a variable speed fan, an electric air valve and a spherical nozzle.

Further, the number of the spherical nozzles is at least nine, and they are distributed in a grid shape.

Furthermore, the number of the environmental wind field simulation units is at least two, and they are connected in a way of tiling or stacking up and down. All the environmental wind field simulation units are supported by a bracket, and the bottom of the bracket is also equipped with ten thousand to the wheel.

Specifically, the adjustment mechanism includes vertical guide rails arranged in the combustion chamber and located on both sides of the opening, an upper movable plate slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails, and a lower movable plate slidingly connected with the two vertical guide rails at the same time. , the left moving plate that is slidably connected with the upper moving plate and the lower moving plate at the same time, and the right moving plate that is slidably connected with the upper moving plate and the lower moving plate at the same time.

Specifically, the burner assembly includes a support set in the combustion chamber, a high-precision weighing system placed on the support, a support chassis placed on the system, and a burner set on the support chassis.

Further, the present invention also includes a guide rail that is slidingly connected with two simulated wing walls at the same time, and is used to change the distance between the two simulated wing walls.

For the convenience of moving the ambient air supply device, universal wheels with brakes are provided around the bottom of the housing.

Specifically, the control system includes an anemometer, a control cabinet and a computer; the control cabinet is simultaneously connected with the variable speed fan, the electric damper and the spherical nozzle in the environmental wind field simulation unit; the anemometer is located at the spherical nozzle The front end is used to feed back the collected wind speed value to the computer, and the computer is connected to the control cabinet to control the speed of the variable speed fan, the opening degree of the electric air valve and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle through the control cabinet, so that each The air supply speed and wind direction of the air supply channel are stable at preset values.

Preferably, the hole diameter of the thermocouple sensor is 3mm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention is reasonable in design and easy to operate, and it simulates the environmental wind speed, high-rise and super high-rise buildings well The coupling effect of structural forms such as facades on overflow flame behavior fills a gap in the industry, and the test is flexible and repeatable, and the data accuracy is high. Therefore, the present invention has outstanding substantive features and significant progress.

(2) The environmental wind blowing device provided by the present invention can simultaneously simulate the environmental wind field of different wind speeds and directions at multiple heights according to the changing law of the environmental wind field of a certain place with height, and more truly reflect the external elevation of high-rise and super high-rise buildings. The distribution characteristics of the surface environment wind field.

(3) The air supply end of the environmental air supply device of the present invention adopts the form of a spherical nozzle, which has the excellent characteristics of long air supply distance and slow speed attenuation. When carrying out fire tests, it can ensure that the environmental wind field simulation system is consistent with scale or full scale. Under the premise of keeping the safe distance between buildings on fire, an environmental wind field that meets the speed requirements is provided for the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings.

(4) Multiple environmental wind field simulation units in the present invention can be set up, and can be quickly combined and spliced by brackets, which is convenient for modularization and standardized production. At the same time, the air supply section can be combined into geometric shapes such as rectangle, triangle or trapezoid according to the needs, and can be applied to the opening forms of building facades with various complex geometric shapes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of some components in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the network frame in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the ambient wind blowing device in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical nozzle in the present invention.

Among them, the names of parts corresponding to the reference signs are:

1-Simulated main wall, 2-Simulated wing wall, 3-Combustion chamber, 4-Grid frame, 5-Thermocouple, heat flux sensor hole position, 6-Window, 7-Vertical guide rail, 8-Upper moving plate, 9 -Lower moving plate, 10-Left moving plate, 11-Right moving plate, 12-Guide rail, 13-Variable speed fan, 14-Electric air valve, 15-Rectification grille, 16-Air supply duct, 17-Spherical spout, 18-bracket, 19-universal wheel, 20-wind speed collector, 21-control cabinet, 22-computer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, and the mode of the present invention includes but not limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the present invention provides a simulation test device related to different environmental wind speeds, different high-rise and super high-rise building facade structural forms for fire performance testing, which includes a simulated main wall 1, a simulated wing wall 2, Combustion chamber 3, grid frame 5, regulating mechanism. A window 6 is opened at the lower part of the simulated main wall 1 , and the combustion chamber 3 is arranged beside the simulated main wall 1 , and an opening communicating with the window 6 is provided on it. The combustion chamber 2 is used for simulating combustion, so that a flame is generated and overflows to the simulated main wall 1 through the window 6 . Specifically, a burner assembly is provided in the combustion chamber 2, and the burner assembly includes a bracket arranged in the combustion chamber 3, a high-precision weighing system placed on the bracket, and a bracket chassis placed on the system , and the burner set on the chassis of the bracket; the high-precision weighing system can measure the mass change of the burner on the chassis of the bracket through the bracket. The adjustment mechanism is used to change the size of the opening on the combustion chamber so as to realize the simulation research on the influence of the building overflow flame. Vertical guide rail 7, the upper movable plate 8 that is slidably connected with two vertical guide rails simultaneously, the lower movable plate 9 that is slidably connected with two vertical guide rails simultaneously, the left movable plate that is slidably connected with upper movable plate 8 and lower movable plate 9 simultaneously Moving plate 10, and the right moving plate 11 that is slidably connected with upper moving plate 8 and lower moving plate 9 simultaneously. The size of the opening can be changed by adjusting the distance between the moving plate up and down or moving the plate left and right.

There are two simulated wing walls 2, which are located on both sides of the simulated main wall 1 and correspond horizontally. In this embodiment, two simulated wing walls slide with a guide rail 12 at the same time, so that the left and right movement of the two simulated wing walls can be realized, thereby changing the distance between the two simulated wing walls, and realizing the overflow flame behavior of the varying distance between the wing walls Research. At the same time, the simulated wing wall can be made of fireproof glass, so that the shape of the flame can be directly observed.

The grid frame 4 is arranged in the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls, on which a heat flow sensor is arranged, which can realize the real-time measurement of the heat flux density on the simulated main wall in the test, and the grid frame On the side near the simulated main wall 1, thermocouple sensor holes 5 (8mm in diameter) are evenly distributed, which can realize real-time measurement of the temperature in the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls in the test.

The ambient wind blowing device is used to simulate an outdoor wind field. Under the premise of combining the external environmental wind, the present invention can more realistically simulate the behavior of a certain facade overflow flame of a high-rise and super high-rise building, and then by The heat flux sensor and the thermocouple respectively measure the heat flux density and temperature on the simulated main wall in real time, so as to obtain real and accurate data. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, specifically, the ambient wind supply device includes an ambient wind field simulation unit and a control system; the ambient wind field simulation unit includes a housing located directly in front of two simulated wing walls , and the variable speed fan 13, the electric air valve 14, the rectification grille 15 and the air supply duct 16 arranged in sequence in the housing; the variable speed fan 13 corresponds to at least three electric air valves 14, and the rectification Grille 15 and air supply duct 16 all have the same number and one-to-one correspondence with electric air valve 14, and the end of each air supply duct 16 is all provided with spherical spout 17, and described spherical spout 17 faces the simulation main wall and The space formed by two simulated wing walls; the electric air valve 14 is a single-axis rectangular air valve, and the valve body can rotate freely within the range of 0°-90°.

In this embodiment, the number of spherical nozzles 17 at the end of each air supply duct 16 is not less than three, and they are evenly distributed. ° within the range by manual or actuator adjustment.

The control system is used to control the wind speed and wind direction, and it includes an anemometer 20 , a control cabinet 21 and a computer 22 . The control cabinet 21 is connected with the variable speed fan 13, the electric air valve 14 and the spherical nozzle 17 in the environmental wind field simulation unit at the same time; Computer 22, described computer 22 is connected with control cabinet 21, is used for controlling the rotating speed of variable speed fan 13, the opening degree of electric damper 14 and the air supply angle of spherical spout 17 through control cabinet 21, makes the air supply of each air supply channel The wind speed and wind direction are stable at preset values.

When the ambient air supply device is in use, start the speed-variable fan 13, and the wind speed acquisition instrument 20 positioned at the front end of the spherical nozzle 17 feeds back the wind speed value collected to the computer 22, and the computer 22 controls the speed of the variable-speed fan 13 through the control cabinet 21, and the electric air valve The opening degree of 14 and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle 17 make the air supply speed and wind direction of each air supply channel stable at preset values. When the present invention is used in a full-scale fire test to simulate the actual outdoor environment wind field of a fire floor, since the wind speed changes little in the vertical direction, all electric air valves 14 can be set to fully open, and the air supply volume of all variable speed fans Set to the same required air volume to provide an air supply surface with uniform wind speed. When the present invention is used in a scaled-down fire test to simulate the environmental wind field of the entire building facade, the air supply speeds at different heights can be set to the desired size by adjusting the opening of the electric air valves in each air supply channel .

In addition, in order to better simulate the fire performance simulation test of high-rise buildings, the number of environmental wind field simulation units is at least two, and they are connected in a tiled or up-and-down manner (for example, tiled or up-down stacked, as shown in Figure 5 Shown is the way of stacking up and down), all the environmental wind field simulation units are supported by a bracket 18, and the bottom of the bracket is also provided with universal wheels 19. In this way, different sizes of outdoor wind speeds can be set at multiple heights according to the change law of the ambient wind with height in a certain place (that is, different wind speed values are simulated at different heights at the same time), thereby simulating the exterior of real high-rise and super high-rise buildings. Wind field (because the position or height of each environmental wind supply device is different, the wind speed and wind field sent are also different, so it can just simulate the real external wind field of high-rise and super high-rise buildings).

Through reasonable structural design, the invention can realize the fire scene of indoor overflow fire and the fire prevention performance research under the situation of different building facades by using the opening on the combustion chamber and the window design on the simulated main wall. Through the design of the left and right, up and down movable plates of the window, the air supply speed and the size of the wind field of the ambient air supply device, the research on the influence of the ambient wind on the facade of different high-rise buildings and the window opening form on the overflow flame behavior can be realized. Through the movable installation of two simulated wing walls, and adjusting the distance between the two simulated wing walls, the research on the influence of simulated wing walls on the overflow flame behavior of building facades can be realized. It can be said that the present invention has well realized the multi-parameter coupling test simulation research on the influence of high-rise and super-high-rise external environment wind speed, the influence of building facade wing wall spacing on overflow flame behavior and the influence of window area change on overflow flame, and solves the problem of The existing problems of the existing technology are solved, and a reference is provided for the fire safety design of high-rise and super high-rise buildings.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modification or embellishment without substantive significance made on the main design concept and spirit of the present invention shall not be solved by it. If the technical problems are still consistent with the present invention, all should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A building facade fireproof performance test device is characterized in that, comprises the simulated main wall (1) that the bottom is provided with window (6), is arranged on this simulated main wall (1) and is provided with and communicates with window A combustion chamber (3) with an opening, a burner assembly placed in the combustion chamber for burning to generate flames and overflowing from the opening, the simulated wing walls (2) set on both sides of the simulated main wall (1), set in the simulated The grid (4) in the space formed by the main wall and the two simulated wing walls is arranged on the grid (4), and the heat flux sensor for real-time measurement of the heat flux density on the simulated main wall is arranged on the grid (4) On and close to the simulated main wall (1), the thermocouple sensor hole position (5) used to measure the temperature in the space formed by the simulated main wall and the two simulated wing walls, and located directly in front of the two simulated wing walls, with An ambient air supply device for generating ambient wind and spraying it uniformly into the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls at a wind speed of 0-20m/s; wherein, the simulated wing walls (2) are fireproof glass ; The ambient air supply device includes an ambient wind field simulation unit and a control system; the ambient wind field simulation unit includes a casing located directly in front of two simulated wing walls, and variable-speed fans arranged in sequence in the casing (13), electric air valve (14), rectification grid (15) and air supply duct (16); described variable speed blower fan (13) corresponds to three electric air valves (14) at least, and described rectification grid Grille (15) and air-supply duct (16) all have the same number and one-to-one correspondence with electric air valve (14), and the end of each air-supply duct (16) is all provided with spherical spout (17), described The spherical nozzle (17) faces the space formed by the simulated main wall and two simulated wing walls; the electric air valve (14) is a single-axis rectangular air valve, and the valve body can rotate freely within the range of 0° to 90°; The number of spherical nozzles (17) at the end of each air supply duct (16) is not less than three, and they are evenly distributed. Each nozzle can output a wind speed of 0-20m/s, and the air supply angle can be within plus or minus 30° Within the range, it is adjusted manually or by an actuator; the control system is simultaneously connected with the variable-speed fan (13), the electric air valve (14) and the spherical spout (17). 2. A building facade fire performance test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said spherical spouts (17) is at least nine and distributed in a grid shape. 3. A kind of building facade fire performance test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the number of the environmental wind field simulation units is at least two, and they are connected in a way of tiling or stacking up and down, all The environmental wind field simulation unit is supported by a bracket (18), and the bottom of the bracket is also provided with universal wheels (19). 4. A building facade fire performance test device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the size of the opening is also provided in the combustion chamber (3). 5. A kind of building facade fire performance test device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described adjustment mechanism comprises the vertical guide rail (7) that is arranged in combustion chamber (3) and is positioned at opening both sides, The upper movable plate (8) which is slidably connected with two vertical guide rails at the same time, and the lower movable plate (9) which is slidably connected with two vertical guide rails at the same time, slides with the upper movable plate (8) and the lower movable plate (9) at the same time The left moving plate (10) that is connected, and the right moving plate (11) that is slidably connected with the upper moving plate (8) and the lower moving plate (9) simultaneously. 6. A kind of building facade fire protection performance test device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described burner assembly comprises the support that is arranged in the combustion chamber (3), the high-precision scale that is placed on this support A heavy system, a rack chassis placed on the system, and a burner set on the rack chassis. 7. a kind of building facade fire performance test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the guide rail ( 12). 8. A kind of building facade fire protection performance testing device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described control system comprises wind speed collecting instrument (20), control cabinet (21) and computer (22); The cabinet (21) is connected with the variable-speed fan (13), the electric air valve (14) and the spherical nozzle (17) in the environmental wind field simulation unit at the same time; the wind speed collector (20) is located at the front end of the spherical nozzle (17), Feedback the collected wind speed value to the computer (22), the computer (22) is connected with the control cabinet (21), and is used to control the speed of the variable speed fan (13) and the electric damper (14) through the control cabinet (21). ) opening and the air supply angle of the spherical nozzle (17), so that the air supply speed and wind direction of each air supply channel are stabilized at preset values.

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