CN106683557A - Simulating device for fire spread in channel type limited space - Google Patents
Simulating device for fire spread in channel type limited space Download PDFInfo
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- CN106683557A CN106683557A CN201710163199.3A CN201710163199A CN106683557A CN 106683557 A CN106683557 A CN 106683557A CN 201710163199 A CN201710163199 A CN 201710163199A CN 106683557 A CN106683557 A CN 106683557A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulating device for fire spread in a channel type limited space. The simulating device can be used for simulating the smoke spread condition in a laboratory after the fire occurs in the channel type limited space and can be used for researching the influences of different channel widths, fire source power, opening size of the fired room and the fired room structure on the smoke spread characteristics in the limited space. The device mainly comprises a simulating experiment device main body, an external retaining wall, a side wall and a supporting monitoring system. The simulating experiment device main body is designed at the ratio of 1:5 according to a typical curtain wall building structure; the size of the external window of the fired room, the channel width and the fire source power all are adjustable; and the simulating device is arranged as an experiment device special for comprehensively and systemically researching the flow characteristics of fire smoke, temperature distribution, speed distribution, radiation thermal flow distribution and window overflowing characteristics in the channel type limited space. The simulating device is simple in structure and convenient in operation and is a basis for researching the smoke spread characteristics and control technology in the channel type limited space.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire hazard safety, and in particular to the simulation of fire fire and smoke spread in channel-style restricted clearance
Experimental provision is research restricted clearance internal channel width, fire source power, room opening size on fire, room unit on fire to fire
The analogue experiment installation that calamity fire and smoke spread characteristic affects.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's economy, the quantity of Development of High-rise Buildings is gradually increasing, and incident high level is built
Building fire safety evaluating problem also causes people more and more widely to pay close attention to and worry, particularly 2009 CCTV's new address BeiPeiLou fire
Several especially big fire incidents such as calamity, the Jiangzhou road teacher apartment of Shanghai in 2010 fire are struck again for the fire safety evaluating of skyscraper
Alarm bell is rung.
During high-rise building with fire disaster, the level that its fire spread mainly has spreads and longitudinal direction spreads two kinds and spreads mode, right
The investigation and analysis of fire of high-rise building accident in the past show that the longitudinal direction of fire is spread causes fire of high-rise building last out of control
Main cause.If in traditional skyscraper the longitudinal direction of fire spread exterior window by outside vertical surface of building and opening hole,
What internal Zhongting and various pipe shafts was carried out.It is double-deck as the quantity of curtain buildingses increases in modern high-rise building
Passage between curtain wall becomes the new way of fire spread again.Curtain wall passage belongs to restricted clearance, inquires into channel-style restricted clearance
The diffusion property of endogenous fire overflow is the basis that can fire creep up in the such building of research.
Good architectural fire-protection methods are the bases of fire safety in high-rise buildings.Past is vertically spread to fire of high-rise building
Research be mainly based upon window fire overflow thermal power characteristic research, the result of study is being to judge that can fire climing upwards
The basis prolonged.Yokio, Ashton, Harmathy, Oleszkiewicz, Tanaka etc. are crept up to fire by exterior window
Carried out full-scale or scale model size experimentation, discuss window shape and size, the shape in room on fire etc. because
Impact of the element to window fire overflow flow behavior, and the effectiveness of the measure for preventing fire spread such as window still wall, fire prevention are corniced
Inquired into.But the studies above is both for free-diffusing characteristics of the fiery overflow in space outerpace, and the result of study is not
Suitable for flowing of the fiery overflow in the restricted clearances such as curtain wall.Though spreading for fire smoke falls within cigarette in restricted clearance in vertical shaft
Gas spreads, but due to vertical shaft and the greatest differences of curtain wall construction, the result of study of vertical shaft class fire and smoke spread is also not used to class
It is similar to the flat restricted clearance of curtain wall passage.For the research for spreading characteristic of curtain wall passage class restricted clearance endogenous fire overflow, state
The mostly numerical simulation study of inside and outside development.Due to the imperfection of combustion model, turbulence model in numerical simulation, boundary condition sets
The fixed uncertainty for waiting, the correctness of numerical simulation result must have the inspection of experimental result.Full-scale combustion experiment is research
One of optimal laboratory facilities of curtain wall endogenous fire turbulent behavior, but because full-scale combustion experiment expends big, it is dangerous, and test
Condition is difficult to control to, and the proportion of carrying out model experiment based on the theory of similarity just becomes the best of curtain wall endogenous fire turbulent behavior research
Selection, design flue gas diffusion simulations device in a set of applicable channel-style restricted clearance just become research curtain wall endogenous fire overflow
The basis of flow behavior.
The content of the invention
Object of the present invention is to provide fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance, the device is one
The analogue experiment installation of fire fire and smoke spread in channel-style restricted clearance is planted, cigarette in different channel widths can be in an experiment simulated
Gas spreads situation, and the rule that spreads of channel-style restricted clearance endogenous fire overflow studied.
The technical solution used in the present invention is fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance, and the device includes
Main body laboratory table 1, outer barricade 2, side wall 3, burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14 and TT＆C system.Outer barricade 2 is arranged on the outside of main body laboratory table 1, outward
Side wall 3 is provided between barricade 2 and main body laboratory table 1, the limited sky of channel-style is formed between main body laboratory table 1, outer barricade 2, side wall 3
Between structure；TT＆C system is distributed in main body laboratory table 1 and in channel-style restricted clearance；Burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14 is arranged on main body laboratory table
In 1 room.
The main body laboratory table 1 is Highrise building knot that is identical with actual curtain wall construction and building by a certain percentage
Structure, main body laboratory table 1 is formed using galvanized steel plain sheet welded seal, and the indoor wall of main body laboratory table 1, front alien invasion post anti-
Pyroxylin 6.The front facade both sides of main body laboratory table 1 posteriorly bending 0.5m, is each provided with up and down side wall slot 4, for side wall 3
Insertion.The side of main body laboratory table 1 is provided with window slot 7, and window slot 7 is to assemble the window of each shape size, window
Connect with channel-style restricted clearance；The window of the bottom of main body laboratory table 1 is provided with room wind-supplying mouth 8 on fire.
The outer barricade 2 is made up of the anti-Pyroxylin 6 of galvanized steel plain sheet external application, and outer barricade 2 is supported by outer barricade support 10, outer barricade
Four corners of support 10 are provided with truckle 9；The left and right sides posteriorly bending 0.5m, up and down place be provided with side wall slot 4, use
In the insertion of side wall 3.The centre position of outer barricade 1 is provided with glass window 5 to observe flue gas in channel-style restricted clearance
Mobility status.
The TT＆C system, including temperature measurement system, fuel mass measure of the change system, measuring system of picture and radiation
Thermal flow measurement system.The temperature measurement system is several thermocouples 13, and each thermocouple 13 is arranged in the place of burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14
Simulate in room on fire and the window of main body laboratory table 1 other floors at.The fuel mass measure of the change system includes fuel
Food tray, cake, support, electronic balance and its device for signalling, burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14 is placed in fuel food tray, and fuel food tray is arranged on
On electronic balance, electronic balance is arranged on support, and electronic balance is connected with device for signalling, and device for signalling is to remember
The Expenditure Levels of record burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14.Cake is erected at fuel food tray top；Described image measuring system includes the flame to burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14
Two video cameras that form is recorded, two video cameras are arranged in the room on fire in main body laboratory table 1.The radiant heat
Flow Measuring System includes two radiation heatflowmeters 12 and data acquisition processing device, and a radiation heatflowmeter 12 is arranged in simulation
At the exterior window in room top on fire room, another radiation heatflowmeter 12 is arranged on outer barricade 2, two radiation heatflowmeters 12 with
Data acquisition processing device connects, and data acquisition processing device records the heat radiation situation of radiation heatflowmeter 12.
The fuel of burning things which may cause a fire disaster 14 uses the pollution-free clean energy resource such as normal heptane or methanol, and can simulate the combustion of various fire source powers
Burning situation.
Room on fire in main body laboratory table 1 is assembled using room prefabricated windows pattern block 11 on fire, and room on fire is pre-
Window pattern block 11 processed is U-shaped structure, can adjust the window size in room on fire.
The main body laboratory table 1 is by 1 with actual typical curtain wall construction:5 ratio is built, and is divided into multilamellar, is anti-
Only Architectural fringes produce impact on restricted clearance endogenous fire overflow flow behavior, and experimental provision main body front side facade is in height side upwards
Certain expansion is carried out to arranged on left and right sides width.All room windows, external door all can free open and close, during closing
Sealing and fire line can be ensured, the window size in room on fire can be adjusted as needed.Analogue experiment installation main body and outer gear
The all walls of wall paste fire resistant cotton, identical with actual building wall heat transfer situation.
Fire and smoke spread effect can utilize the flue gas particle simulation by tracing fire smoke effect that cake is produced, cake to be erected at
Food tray top certain distance, lights fuel during experiment, subsequently light cake, orders about cake by the heat floating life power of fuel combustion and produces
Raw flue gas spreads diffusion in laboratory table, subsequently can be by more clearly observing simulated fire in window and restricted clearance
Flue gas spreads process in facade.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：
(1), using pollution-free clean energy resource pond fire, energy burning is abundant, and fire source power is stable, without dirt for burning things which may cause a fire disaster of the invention
Dye, to experimenter without pessimal stimulation.
(2) fuel mass measure of the change of the present invention adopts and fuel is placed in food tray, and heat-insulated by thermal insulation board, can be very
Good protection electronic balance.
(3) present invention builds according to the theory of similarity, and fiery overflow that can be truly in analog channel type restricted clearance developed
Journey, it is possible to by video camera for the shape of fiery overflow is recorded.
(4) present invention has advanced complete TT＆C system, temperature measurement system, fuel mass measure of the change system, spoke
Penetrating heat-flow measurement system, image viewing system can be with real time record observation analysis by computer.
(5) present invention adopts small-scale model experimental provision, and economical height is repeatable strong, easy to operate.
(6) experimental provision main body of the present invention is the BUILDINGS MODELS of multilamellar, can carry out full side for fiery overflow develops upwards
Position is intuitively observed, and alien invasion has carried out a certain degree of extension in short transverse and length direction before main body, eliminates side
Bound pair fire overflow spreads the impact of characteristic.
(7) present invention can pass through channel width, the size in room on fire, the exterior window chi for adjusting channel-style restricted clearance
Very little, fire source power etc., simulates the flow performance of fire smoke in different affecting factors effect lower channel type restricted clearance, overcomes
Full-scale experiment is of a high price and the inaccurate feature of numerical simulation result, in turn ensure that the repeatable row and multiformity of experiment,
There is very big using value and directive significance for fire fire and smoke spread and control technology research in channel-style restricted clearance is carried out.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure that a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention spreads analogue experiment installation
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the agent structure that a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention spreads analogue experiment installation
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 spreads one layer of room on fire of analogue experiment installation for a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention
Between after wall construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the outer barricade knot that a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention spreads analogue experiment installation
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the prefabricated windows type that a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention spreads analogue experiment installation
Module diagram.
Fig. 6 spreads analogue experiment installation temperature and hot-fluid for a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention
The arrangement schematic diagram (side view) of measuring point.
Fig. 7 is that a kind of channel-style restricted clearance fire smoke of the present invention spreads analogue experiment installation temperature point
Arrangement schematic diagram (top view).
In figure：1- main body laboratory tables；The outer barricades of 2-；3- side walls；4- side wall slots；5- glass windows；The anti-Pyroxylin of 6-；7-
Window slot；8- mends air door in room on fire；9- truckles；The outer barricade supports of 10-；11- prefabricated windows pattern blocks in room on fire；12-
Radiation heatflowmeter；13- thermocouples；14- burning things which may cause a fire disaster.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further described by embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, the key component of analogue experiment installation includes analogue experiment installation main body and adjustable interval
Outer barricade composition, the closing space between analogue experiment installation main body and outer barricade in both sides by inserting mutually level side wall
Baffle plate is realized.Side wall baffle plate is thin galvanized steel plain sheet, and width is 0.9m, is highly 2.7m so that experimental provision main body and outer barricade
Between the width of passage can arbitrarily adjust between 0~0.6m.
Referring to Fig. 2, the total a height of 2.8m of analogue experiment installation main body, width is 1.0m, and length is 5.0m.From one layer up three
Layer is provided with room, and 3 layers of level above only have alien invasion.If roomed story height 0.6m, wherein two, three layers per layer sets 4 rooms
Between, room-sized is 0.8m × 1.0m × 0.6m (length × width × height), and each room possesses one 0.4m × 0.3m of an exterior window
The exterior window of (wide × high), exterior window window is upper and lower to be provided with groove, for inserting flame resistant glass block (0.5m × 0.3m), as needed
The rupture of simulation room exterior window and non-ruptured operating mode.One layer has been set as fire bed, size and the upstairs rooms one in two rooms in left side
Cause, two, right side room is merged into a big room, for simulating scene on fire in large area office room.Room on fire
Back lower is provided with openable wicket, for mending wind if necessary.Burning things which may cause a fire disaster can as needed may be disposed at cubicle or big room
Interior, the exterior window in large and small room can be adjusted as needed on height and width, and regulation can pass through different slots
Exterior window module is realized.Facade both sides posteriorly bending 0.5m, is each provided with up and down groove before experimental provision main body, for side wall gear
The insertion of plate.
Referring to Fig. 3, outer barricade is highly identical with experimental provision main body with length, is mainly made up of pedestal and vertical baffle,
Pedestal is welded using angle steel.Vertical baffle main body pastes anti-Pyroxylin using 0.5mm thick galvanized steel plain sheet towards burning things which may cause a fire disaster side.Outward
Barricade bottom arranges transparent fire-resistant glass window, for observing the flowing of inside smoke when restricted clearance is closed.Base bottom is installed
There is wheel, for adjusting the spacing between outer barricade and apparatus main body, barricade both sides bending 0.5m backward, upper and lower setting groove,
For the insertion of side wall baffle plate.
What the present invention was not elaborated partly belongs to techniques well known.Although illustrative to the present invention concrete above
Embodiment is described, but the invention is not restricted to the scope of specific embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance, it is characterised in that：The device includes main body laboratory table
(1), outer barricade (2), side wall (3), burning things which may cause a fire disaster (14) and TT＆C system；Outer barricade (2) is arranged on the outside of main body laboratory table (1),
Side wall (3), shape between main body laboratory table (1), outer barricade (2), side wall (3) are provided between outer barricade (2) and main body laboratory table (1)
Into the structure of channel-style restricted clearance；TT＆C system is distributed in main body laboratory table (1) and in channel-style restricted clearance；Burning things which may cause a fire disaster
(14) it is arranged in the room of main body laboratory table (1).
2. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Main body laboratory table (1) is Highrise building structure that is identical with actual curtain wall construction and building by a certain percentage, main body reality
Test platform (1) to form using galvanized steel plain sheet welded seal, the indoor wall of main body laboratory table (1), front alien invasion post anti-Pyroxylin
(6)；The front facade both sides of main body laboratory table (1) posteriorly bending 0.5m, is each provided with up and down side wall slot (4), for side wall
(3) insertion；The side of main body laboratory table (1) is provided with window slot (7), and window slot (7) is to assemble each shape size
Window, window connects with channel-style restricted clearance；The window of main body laboratory table (1) bottom is provided with room wind-supplying mouth on fire
(8)。
3. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Outer barricade (2) is made up of the anti-Pyroxylin of galvanized steel plain sheet external application (6), and outer barricade (2) is supported by outer barricade support (10), outer barricade support
(10) four corners are provided with truckle (9)；The left and right sides posteriorly bending 0.5m, up and down place be provided with side wall slot (4),
For the insertion of side wall (3)；The centre position of outer barricade (2) is provided with glass window (5) to observe channel-style restricted clearance
The mobility status of interior flue gas.
4. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
TT＆C system, including temperature measurement system, fuel mass measure of the change system, measuring system of picture and radiant heat flux measurement system
System；The temperature measurement system is several thermocouples (13), and each thermocouple (13) is arranged in the simulation at burning things which may cause a fire disaster (14) place and rises
In fiery room and at the window of main body laboratory table (1) other floors；The fuel mass measure of the change system include fuel food tray,
Cake, support, electronic balance and its device for signalling, burning things which may cause a fire disaster (14) is placed in fuel food tray, and fuel food tray is arranged on electricity
On sub- balance, electronic balance is arranged on support, and electronic balance is connected with device for signalling, and device for signalling is to record
The Expenditure Levels of burning things which may cause a fire disaster (14)；Cake is erected at fuel food tray top；Described image measuring system includes the fire to burning things which may cause a fire disaster (14)
Two video cameras that flame form is recorded, two video cameras are arranged in the room on fire in main body laboratory table (1)；The spoke
Thermal flow measurement system is penetrated including two radiation heatflowmeters (12) and data acquisition processing device, radiation heatflowmeter (12) cloth
Put at the exterior window in simulation room top on fire room, another radiation heatflowmeter (12) is arranged on outer barricade (2), two spokes
Penetrate heat-flow meter (12) to be connected with data acquisition processing device, the heat radiation of data acquisition processing device record radiation heatflowmeter (12)
Situation.
5. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Burning things which may cause a fire disaster
(14) fuel uses normal heptane or methanol.
6. fire spread analog in a kind of channel-style restricted clearance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Main body
Room on fire in laboratory table (1) is assembled using room prefabricated windows pattern block (11) on fire, prefabricated windows pattern in room on fire
Block (11) is U-shaped structure, can adjust the window size in room on fire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710163199.3A CN106683557A (en) | 2017-03-19 | 2017-03-19 | Simulating device for fire spread in channel type limited space |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710163199.3A CN106683557A (en) | 2017-03-19 | 2017-03-19 | Simulating device for fire spread in channel type limited space |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106683557A true CN106683557A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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ID=58829045
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| CN201710163199.3A Pending CN106683557A (en) | 2017-03-19 | 2017-03-19 | Simulating device for fire spread in channel type limited space |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108169407A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of vertical combustion characteristics experimental provision of controllable gas environment, abutment wall structure |
| CN108648597A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-10-12 | 公安部上海消防研究所 | A kind of Room in Fire movement smoke controlling experiment simulator |
| CN108693077A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Multifunctional buildings plume dispersion experimental provision and its experimental method |
| CN108806457A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of simulator that research wind environment moderate heat overflow is spread in long-narrow confined space |
| CN109003501A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-14 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | A kind of fire simulation experimental apparatus and experimental method for studying building fire protection spacing |
| CN109342014A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江大学 | A kind of L-type gallery type double-layer curtain wall model in wind tunnel device of adjustable volume |
| CN109711081A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-03 | 广西科技大学 | Wood house controls fire spread Virtual Simulative Experiment method |
| CN111097562A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-05 | 西安交通大学 | Flat plate heating comprehensive experiment bench and method based on small reactor PAS system |
| CN112697954A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN114910603A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire comprehensive simulation experiment platform and method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108169407A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of vertical combustion characteristics experimental provision of controllable gas environment, abutment wall structure |
| CN108693077A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Multifunctional buildings plume dispersion experimental provision and its experimental method |
| CN108806457A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of simulator that research wind environment moderate heat overflow is spread in long-narrow confined space |
| CN108648597A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-10-12 | 公安部上海消防研究所 | A kind of Room in Fire movement smoke controlling experiment simulator |
| CN109003501B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-01-08 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire simulation experiment device and method for researching building fireproof space |
| CN109003501A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-14 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | A kind of fire simulation experimental apparatus and experimental method for studying building fire protection spacing |
| CN109342014A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江大学 | A kind of L-type gallery type double-layer curtain wall model in wind tunnel device of adjustable volume |
| CN109711081A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-03 | 广西科技大学 | Wood house controls fire spread Virtual Simulative Experiment method |
| CN111097562A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-05 | 西安交通大学 | Flat plate heating comprehensive experiment bench and method based on small reactor PAS system |
| CN111097562B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | Flat plate heating comprehensive experiment bench and method based on small reactor PAS system |
| CN112697954A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN112697954B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Experimental device for multi-functional large-scale facade fire spreading prevention and control separation |
| CN114910603A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire comprehensive simulation experiment platform and method |
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