CN109859561B - Platform and method for meeting natural ventilation of front chamber in different directions under fire working condition - Google Patents
Platform and method for meeting natural ventilation of front chamber in different directions under fire working condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a platform and a method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of a front room in different directions under a fire working condition, and mainly solves the problems that in the prior art, means and schemes for researching the reliability of the ventilation effect of the front room of a smoke-proof stairwell in different directions of a natural ventilation opening under the fire working condition are not available. The platform comprises a stairwell body, a front chamber connected with the stairwell body, a firing chamber communicated with the front chamber, a flat-open window arranged on a wall body of the front chamber, an air curtain system arranged outside the front chamber, a collection instrument group arranged in the stairwell body, the front chamber and the firing chamber and used for collecting temperature, smoke density and wind speed, a data collector connected with the collection instrument group through signals, and a PC (personal computer) connected with the data collector through a data line and used for displaying and counting collected data. Through the scheme, the invention achieves the purpose of testing the ventilation effect of the natural ventilation openings with different directions, and has high practical value and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire protection, and particularly relates to a platform and a method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of a front room in different directions under a fire working condition.
Background
The front room is an excessive space before people flow enters the fire elevator, the smoke-proof stairway or the closed stairwell without natural ventilation, is generally a small room arranged at the entrance of the fire elevator for people to pass through or evacuate, or is arranged at the entrance of the smoke-proof stairwell to prevent smoke from entering the small room of the smoke-proof stairwell, and smoke-proof measures generally comprise natural smoke prevention and mechanical smoke prevention.
3.1.3 of building smoke-proof and smoke-exhausting system technical standard GB51251-2017 (8.5.1 of building design fire-proof standard GB50016-2014 are similar and are strong), public buildings and industrial buildings with building heights less than or equal to 50m, and residential buildings with building heights less than or equal to 100m adopt natural ventilation systems for smoke-proof stairwells, independent front chambers, shared front chambers and fire-fighting elevator front chambers; when the natural ventilation system cannot be arranged, a mechanical pressurizing air supply system is adopted.
The smoke protection system is selected so that the stairwell may not be provided with the smoke protection system when the independent or the pre-use compartment satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) Adopts an open balcony or concave corridor, (2) is provided with two or more openable external windows with different orientations, and the areas of the two external windows of the independent front chamber are respectively not less than 2.0m 2 The two external window areas of the shared front chamber are respectively not smaller than 3.0m 2 。
The "front chamber or the front chamber with openable outer windows in different directions" in the strip has no definition of different directions in related specifications and standards, and no provision is made for the distance between the outer windows in different directions, and when the design is performed, the condition that the specification requirements are met but the natural smoke discharging effect cannot be ensured may occur. Therefore, designing a full-size platform specially used for researching the reliability of natural ventilation of smoke-proof stairwell front chambers in different directions under fire working conditions is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a platform and a method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of different directions of a front room under a fire working condition, and mainly solves the problems that in the prior art, means and schemes for researching the reliability of the ventilation effect of the front room of a smoke-proof stairwell in different directions of a natural ventilation opening under the fire working condition are not available.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a satisfy different orientation natural draft's of antechamber platform under the conflagration operating mode, including the stairwell body, the antechamber of being connected through preventing fire with the stairwell body, through door opening and antechamber intercommunication and be used for simulating the firing chamber that fires, a plurality of flat-open windows of seting up on the different walls of antechamber, set up in the antechamber outside and carry out the air curtain system of adjusting to the amount of wind and the wind direction of external environment wind, install the collection instrument group that is arranged in stairwell body, antechamber and firing chamber and is arranged in gathering temperature, smoke density and wind speed, pass through signal connection's data acquisition ware with collection instrument group, and be connected and be used for showing and statistics acquisition data's PC through data line and data acquisition ware.
Further, the collection instrument group comprises a first collection instrument group, a second collection instrument group and a third collection instrument group which are respectively arranged on the wall bodies of the stairwell body, the front chamber and the firebox and are connected with the data collector in a signal mode.
Further, the first collection instrument group comprises four first thermocouples which are distributed on the wall body of the stairwell body and are in signal connection with the data collector.
Further, the second collection instrument group comprises five second thermocouples which are distributed on the wall body of the front room and are connected with the data collector in a signal mode, four anemometers which are distributed on the wall body of the front room and are connected with the data collector in a signal mode, and a smoke density meter which is used for monitoring smoke density.
Specifically, the third collection instrument group comprises three third thermocouples which are distributed on the wall body of the firing chamber and are in signal connection with the data collector, wherein the first thermocouples, the second thermocouples and the third thermocouples have the same structure.
The method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of the front chamber in different directions under the fire working condition comprises the following steps:
(S1) constructing the platform according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and igniting the fire source in the firing chamber;
(S2) judging whether to open the casement window and the fireproof door according to different experimental working conditions;
(S3) respectively acquiring relevant parameter information in the stairwell body, the front chamber and the firing chamber through the first acquisition instrument set, the second acquisition instrument set and the third acquisition instrument set, and transmitting the acquired parameters to a PC (personal computer) for display and storage through a signal transmission mode;
(S4) moving an air curtain system and setting the air quantity and the air direction of the environmental air in the platform according to experimental requirements;
(S5) displaying and storing the related parameter information acquired by the first acquisition instrument group, the second acquisition instrument group and the third acquisition instrument group through a PC;
and (S6) after the experiment is finished, analyzing, judging and arranging the monitoring information stored in the PC.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The platform is specially used for researching and experimentally verifying the reliability of the ventilation effect of the smoke-proof stair front chamber with different directions of the natural ventilation opening and related safety strengthening measures under the fire working condition, and fills the research blank in the field in the industry; by applying the invention to the platform under the fire working condition, the obtained research result can provide firm technical support for the revision of the current fire control standard, so that the design and the construction and the examination of the natural smoke outlet of the front chamber of the smoke-proof stairwell are both legal and can be circulated; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenient use, accurate data measured by the acquisition instrument group and strong representativeness.
(2) The position of the casement window of the natural smoke outlet and the power of the fire source can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that different fire scenes can be reflected more truly and accurately; meanwhile, the platform is high in automation degree, the air curtain system can adjust the air quantity and the air direction, and data acquired by the thermocouple, the smoke density meter and the anemometer can be transmitted to a computer for display and storage in real time through the data acquisition device.
(3) According to the invention, on the arrangement of the thermocouple, the smoke density meter and the anemometer, not only is the integral key position considered, but also the middle parts of the ignition room, the front room and the stairwell are provided with the acquisition points, and the natural openings of the front room are also provided with the acquisition points, so that the representativeness and the authenticity of the acquired data are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a first collection apparatus set according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a second collection apparatus set according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a third collection apparatus set according to the present invention.
In the above figures, the reference numerals correspond to the component names as follows:
the device comprises a 1-stairwell body, a 2-front chamber, a 3-firing chamber, a 4-flat-open window, a 5-air curtain system, a 6-data acquisition unit, a 7-PC, an 8-first thermocouple, a 9-second thermocouple, a 10-anemometer, an 11-smoke density meter, a 12-third thermocouple and a 13-fire source.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, embodiments of which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the platform and the method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of the front room under fire conditions in different directions comprise a stairwell body 1, a front room 2 connected with the stairwell body 1 through a fireproof door, a fire-starting room 3 communicated with the front room 2 through a door opening and used for simulating fire, a plurality of flat-open windows 4 arranged on different walls of the front room 2, an air curtain system 5 arranged on the outer side of the front room 2 and used for adjusting the air quantity and the air direction of external environment air, an acquisition instrument group arranged in the stairwell body 1, the front room 2 and the fire-starting room 3 and used for acquiring temperature, smoke density and air speed, a data acquisition unit 6 connected with the acquisition instrument group through signals, and a PC 7 connected with the data acquisition unit 6 through a data wire and used for displaying and counting acquisition data.
When the platform is built, in order to avoid the huge and heavy weight of the platform, the front chamber 2 is partially designed in a conventional full size, the stairwell body 1 and the firing chamber 3 are designed in a scale reduction proportion, and the platform can be truly reliable and compact in structure.
Early preparation: the fire source 13 is arranged in the middle of the firing chamber 3, three third thermocouples 12 are arranged right above the fire source 13 of the firing chamber 3 and are longitudinally distributed, and the position distribution of the third thermocouples is 0m, 0.5m and 1m from the ceiling (as shown in figure 4); the flat-open window 4 of the platform is arranged at all the positions of the front chamber 2, which can open the window, and the related requirements in the background technology are met, the specific opening condition of the flat-open window 4 is shown in fig. 1, the air curtain system 5 is positioned at one side of the wall body of the front chamber 2 (not at the side of the stairwell body 1 and the firebreak 3 connected with the front chamber 2), the equipment of the air curtain system 5 can move in the arrangement position, and the air outlet in the system can also adjust the wind speed and the wind direction according to the experimental requirements. The wind speed indicator 10 is distributed and installed in the middle of the front chamber 2, door openings and window positions, three wind speed indicators are respectively positioned on three wall bodies of the front chamber and can move to corresponding positions according to different window opening positions, the other wind speed indicator is positioned on a fireproof door at the joint of the front chamber 2 and the stairwell body 1 and in the front chamber 2, four of the five second thermocouples 9 are arranged in the front chamber 2 in the same manner as the wind speed indicator 10, the other wind speed indicator is arranged in the middle of the front chamber 2, and meanwhile, the smoke density indicator 11 is installed in the front chamber 2 (shown in figure 3), wherein the smoke density indicator 11 is preferably arranged in parallel with the door openings; four first thermocouples are longitudinally distributed in the stairwell body 1 and are arranged to simulate the height of a conventional house building, and the average interval height is 3m (as shown in fig. 2).
The test is as follows: the fire source 13 is ignited, whether the flat-open window 4 and the fireproof door are opened is judged according to different experimental conditions, the air curtain system 5 is connected to the power supply for preparation, after the fire source 13 burns, the front chamber 2 and the fire chamber 3 which are mutually communicated are heated and are full of smoke, at the moment, the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple which are arranged in the front chamber 2 and the fire chamber 3 transmit the acquired temperature information to the data acquisition device 6 in real time through a wired or wireless transmission mode, the information is displayed and stored in real time by the PC 7 which is connected with the data acquisition device 6 through a data line, meanwhile, the smoke density meter 11 which is arranged in the front chamber 2 feeds back the indoor smoke density information to the PC 7, the air curtain system 5 is moved at an untimely time along with the increase of the smoke density, the air quantity and the wind direction of environmental wind in a platform are set according to experimental requirements, so that the wind speed information acquired by the anemometer 10 is observed, the PC 7 observes the data change conditions of the collected by the anemometer 10, the smoke density meter 11 and the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple in real time under the condition of different wind directions, and the data change conditions of the data of the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple are simultaneously, and the data change of the data between the PC 1 and the front chamber 2 are connected with the fire sensor 2 through the data line, and the PC 7 are continuously monitored, and the data of the data can be continuously stored in the PC, and the invention is not monitored, and the data of the data is continuously stored in the invention, and the data is stored in the invention, and the data is stored in the invention, and the data has the data and the data.
The types of different experimental conditions are different according to whether a flat-open window is opened, the position of the flat-open window is opened, and whether a fireproof door is opened, for example, an experimental scene A is that a square window is opened on the west side and a square window is opened on the east side, a fireproof door of a stairwell body and a front room is closed, and an air curtain system is closed; experimental scenario B: opening a square window on the east side and a square window on the south side respectively, opening a fireproof door of the stairwell body and the front chamber, and closing an air curtain system; the experimental scene C is that a square window is opened on the west side and a square window on the south side respectively, a fireproof door of a stairwell body and a front room is closed, an air curtain system is opened, the wind direction is set to be west wind, the wind speed is set to be 2m/s and the like, azimuth words of the west side, the east side and the like are described according to the position relation in the figure 1, and the stairwell body is located on the north side of the front room in the default figure 1.
By applying the invention to the platform under the fire working condition, the obtained research result can provide firm technical support for the revision of the current fire control standard, so that the design and the construction and the examination of the natural smoke outlet of the front chamber of the smoke-proof stairwell are both legal and can be circulated; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenient use, accurate data measured by the acquisition instrument group and strong representativeness.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but all changes made by adopting the design principle of the present invention and performing non-creative work on the basis thereof shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for achieving natural ventilation of the front room in different directions under the fire working condition is characterized by comprising a platform for achieving natural ventilation of the front room in different directions under the fire working condition, the platform comprises a stairwell body (1), a front room (2) connected with the stairwell body (1) through a fireproof door, a fire room (3) communicated with the front room (2) through a door opening and used for simulating fire, a plurality of flat-open windows (4) arranged on different walls of the front room (2), an air curtain system (5) arranged outside the front room (2) and used for adjusting the wind quantity and wind direction of external environmental wind, a collection instrument group which is arranged in the stairwell body (1), the front room (2) and the fire room (3) and used for collecting temperature, smoke density and wind speed, a data collector (6) connected with the collection instrument group through signals, and a PC (7) connected with the data collector (6) through a data line and used for displaying and counting collection data; the air curtain system is not arranged on the side of the stairwell body and the firing chamber connected with the front chamber; the acquisition instrument sets comprise a first acquisition instrument set, a second acquisition instrument set and a third acquisition instrument set which are respectively arranged on the walls of the stairwell body (1), the front chamber (2) and the firearms (3) and are in signal connection with the data acquisition device (6);
the method comprises the following steps:
(S1) constructing platforms meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of different directions of a front chamber under the fire disaster working condition, and igniting a fire source in a fire chamber;
s2, judging the position of opening the casement window and whether the fireproof door is opened or not according to different experimental working conditions;
(S3) respectively acquiring relevant parameter information in the stairwell body, the front chamber and the firing chamber through the first acquisition instrument set, the second acquisition instrument set and the third acquisition instrument set, and transmitting the acquired parameters to a PC (personal computer) for display and storage through a signal transmission mode;
(S4) moving an air curtain system and setting the air quantity and the air direction of the environmental air in the platform according to experimental requirements;
(S5) displaying and storing the related parameter information acquired by the first acquisition instrument group, the second acquisition instrument group and the third acquisition instrument group through a PC;
and (S6) after the experiment is finished, analyzing, judging and arranging the monitoring information stored in the PC.
2. The method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of a front room under fire conditions in different directions according to claim 1, wherein the first collection instrument group comprises four first thermocouples (8) which are distributed on the wall of the stairwell body (1) and are in signal connection with the data collector (6).
3. The method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of different directions of a front room under fire conditions according to claim 2, wherein the second collection instrument group comprises five second thermocouples (9) which are distributed on the wall of the front room (2) and are in signal connection with the data collector (6), four anemometers (10) which are distributed on the wall of the front room (2) and are in signal connection with the data collector (6), and a smoke density meter (11) for monitoring smoke density.
4. A method for meeting the requirements of natural ventilation of a front room under different directions under fire conditions according to claim 3, wherein the third collection instrument group comprises three third thermocouples (12) which are distributed on the wall of the fire room (3) and are in signal connection with the data collector (6), and the first thermocouples (8), the second thermocouples (9) and the third thermocouples (12) have the same structure.
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112233484A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-15 | 北京格林美尔科技有限公司 | Smoke and fire special effect training device and system |
| CN114626121B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-06-18 | 上海品览数据科技有限公司 | Automatic arrangement method of pressurization system of overground part of building in heating and ventilation major |
| CN114622744B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-04-05 | 上海品览数据科技有限公司 | Automatic distinguishing method for smoke prevention measures of heating and ventilation professional stairwell and front room |
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