CN106220591A - 一种3‑甲硫基‑γ‑内酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
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Abstract
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的3‑甲硫基‑γ‑内酯的制备方法:
Description
本发明涉及一种3-甲硫基-γ-内酯的制备方法。
多官能团硫醇类化合物具有香气阈值低和香气特征显著的特点,广泛存在于各种食品中,是许多食品重要的挥发性香成分。在多官能团硫醇类化合物中,很多含1,3-氧硫官能团的含硫香料具有热带水果、蔬菜的香气,因此1,3-氧硫官能团被称为这类香味的“生香团(olfacophore)”。近些年有很多文献报道了1,3-氧硫官能团的含硫香料天然存在、香气特性、制备方法等,如3-巯基-1-己醇及其衍生物、3-巯基-1-庚醇及其衍生物、3-巯基-2-甲基-1-戊醇、4-巯基-2-庚醇及其衍生物等。越来越多的1,3-氧硫官能团的含硫香料通过了FEMA组织的安全评价,进入到可以安全食用的香料列表中。含1,3-氧硫官能团含硫香料展现出良好的应用前景。
3-甲硫基-γ-内酯含有1,3-氧硫官能团的结构,表现出令人愉快的葱香、水果香味。关于3-甲硫基-γ-内酯制备的文献还很少见。有文献报道了以α,β-不饱和γ-内酯为原料,与甲硫醇钠通过1,4-共轭加成反应,得到相应的3-甲硫基-γ-内酯。该方法的主要缺陷是原料α,β-不饱和γ-内酯不容易获得。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的3-甲硫基-γ-内酯的制备方法。其特征是以脂肪醛和丙二酸为起始原料,通过Knoevenagel缩合得到(E)-3-烷烯酸,然后与草酰氯/二甲亚砜反应,得到3-甲硫基-γ-内酯。本发明的制备方法具有原料易得、操作简便和产率高的优点。反应式如下:
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的3-甲硫基-γ-内酯的制备方法:
其主要过程是:脂肪醛与丙二酸在二甲亚砜中在乙酸哌啶盐的催化作用下在100℃左右反应,得到(E)-3-烷烯酸,产率55-85%;在-78-10℃将二甲亚砜滴加到草酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液中,然后将(E)-3-烷烯酸加入,在-78-30℃反应,得到3-甲硫基-γ-内酯,产率60-82%。
本发明方法中制备的3-甲硫基-γ-内酯以及中间体的结构都通过核磁共振进行了确认。分析结果附在实施例后。
具体实施方式
(1)(E)-3-戊烯酸的制备
将丙二酸(104g,1.0mol)加入到装有温度计、磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶内,然后加入溶剂二甲亚砜(200mL)、哌啶(1mL)、乙酸(0.6mL,0.01mol)和丙醛(36.3mL,0.5mol),油浴加热,40℃下搅拌反应2h,然后升温至100℃反应约5h。冷却后,将反应液倒入至200mL冰水中,用乙醚萃取(50mL×4),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。旋蒸除去乙醚,将剩余物减压蒸馏,然后收集43-46℃/9Pa的馏分得(E)-3-戊烯酸34g,产率为68%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1.70(3H,d,J=4.8Hz),3.05(2H,d,J=6.0Hz),5.46-5.68(2H,m),11.86(1H,s)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ17.87,37.78,121.93,130.03,179.04。
(2)(E)-3-壬烯酸的制备
将丙二酸(41.6g,0.4mol)加入到装有温度计、磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶内,然后加入溶剂二甲亚砜(100mL)、哌啶(0.4mL)、乙酸(0.25mL,4mmol)和庚醛(27.8mL,0.2mol),油浴加热,40℃下搅拌反应2h,然后升温至100℃反应约5h。冷却后,将反应液倒入至200mL冰水中,用乙醚萃取(50mL×4),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。旋蒸除去乙醚,将剩余物减压蒸馏,然后收集94-95℃/400Pa的馏分,得(E)-3-壬烯酸25.5g,产率为82%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ0.87(3H,t,J=6.6Hz),1.20-1.41(6H,m),2.02(2H,q,J=6.3Hz),3.06(2H,d,J=6.6Hz),5.42-5.65(2H,m)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ13.89,22.39,28.67,31.24,32.32,37.75,120.56,135.40,178.87。
(3)(E)-3-十二烯酸的制备
将丙二酸(52g,0.5mol)加入到装有温度计、磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶内,然后加入溶剂二甲亚砜(100mL)、哌啶(1mL)、乙酸(0.6mL,10mmol)和癸醛(47mL,0.25mol),油浴加热,40℃下搅拌反应2h,然后升温至100℃反应约5h。冷却后,将反应液倒入至200mL冰水中,用乙醚萃取(50mL×4),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥。旋蒸除去乙醚,将剩余物减压蒸馏,然后收集113-119℃/14Pa的馏分,得(E)-3-壬烯酸37.1g,产率为75%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ0.88(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.18-1.44(12H,m),2.03(2H,q,J=6.6Hz),3.06(2H,d,J=6.0Hz),5.42-5.66(2H,m),10.00-12.00(1H,br)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ14.08,22.66.29.09,29.14,29.26,29.42,31.86,32.46,37.83,120.61,135.58,178.76。
(4)3-甲硫基-γ-戊内酯的制备
向装有温度计、磁力搅拌子和恒压滴液漏斗的100mL四口烧瓶内,加入草酰氯1.7mL(0.02mol)和10mL无水二氯甲烷,搅拌,冰浴冷却至-78-10℃,滴加二甲亚砜(2.8mL,0.04mol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,控制温度在10℃以下。滴加完毕后,在-78-10℃左右继续搅拌1h。然后滴加(E)-3-戊烯酸(1.0g,10mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(10mL),控制温度在-78-30℃。滴加完毕后继续搅拌反应,GC-MS跟踪,反应约5h结束。反应混合物用冰浴冷却至0℃后,加入三乙胺(10mL,0.072mol)。反应混合物过滤,滤液依次用饱和氯化铵溶液、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷。剩余物经柱层析分离提纯,得到3-甲硫基-γ-戊内酯1.2g,产率约为80%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1.46(3H,d,J=6.3Hz),2.14(3H,s),2.54(1H,dd,J=17.7,8.4Hz),2.92(1H,dd,J=17.7,8.4Hz),3.06(1H,q,J=8.4Hz),4.40(1H,m)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ13.92,19.79,35.93,46.67,81.56,174.39。
(5)3-甲硫基-γ-壬内酯的制备
向装有温度计、磁力搅拌子和恒压滴液漏斗的100mL四口烧瓶内,加入草酰氯2.1mL(0.025mol)和10mL无水二氯甲烷,搅拌,冰浴冷却至-78-10℃,滴加二甲亚砜(3.6mL,0.05mol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,控制温度在10℃以下。滴加完毕后,在-78-10℃左右继续搅拌1h。然后滴加(E)-3-壬烯酸(1.56g,10mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(10mL),控制温度在-78-30℃。滴加完毕后继续搅拌反应,GC-MS跟踪,反应约5h结束。反应混合物用冰浴冷却至0℃后,加入三乙胺(10mL,0.072mol)。反应混合物过滤,滤液依次用饱和氯化铵溶液、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷。剩余物经柱层析分离提纯,得到3-甲硫基-γ-壬内酯1.4g,产率约为70%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.87(3H,t,J=6.6Hz),1.20-1.56(6H,m),1.56-1.82(2H,m),2.13(3H,s),2.53(1H,dd,J=17.7,8.1Hz),2.92(1H,dd,J=17.7,8.1Hz),3.11(1H,td,J=8.1,6.3Hz),4.27(1H,ddd,J=8.1,6.3,4.2Hz)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ13.85(甲硫基甲基碳与烷基末端甲基碳重叠),22.34,25.02,31.32,34.34,35.87,44.74,85.26,174.57。
(6)3-甲硫基-γ-十二内酯的制备
向装有温度计、磁力搅拌子和恒压滴液漏斗的100mL四口烧瓶内,加入草酰氯1.7mL(0.02mol)和10mL无水二氯甲烷,搅拌,冰浴冷却至-78-10℃,滴加二甲亚砜(2.8mL,0.04mol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,控制温度在10℃以下。滴加完毕后,在-78-10℃左右继续搅拌1h。然后滴加(E)-3-十二烯酸(0.52g,2.6mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(10mL),控制温度在-78-30℃。滴加完毕后继续搅拌反应,GC-MS跟踪,反应约5h结束。反应混合物用冰浴冷却至0℃后,加入三乙胺(5mL,0.036mol)。反应混合物过滤,滤液依次用饱和氯化铵溶液、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷。剩余物经柱层析分离提纯,得到3-甲硫基-γ-十二内酯1.46g,产率约为60%。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.86(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.16-1.56(12H,m),1.56-1.82(2H,m),2.13(3H,s),2.53(1H,dd,J=18.0,8.1Hz),2.92(1H,dd,J=18.0,8.1Hz),3.11(1H,td,J=8.1,6.6Hz),4.27(1H,ddd,J=8.1,6.6,4.2Hz)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ13.87,14.01,22.55,25.36,29.08,29.18,29.28,31.73,34.40,35.89,44.76,85.28,174.58。
Claims (1)
1.一种3-甲硫基-γ-内酯的制备方法,其特征是以脂肪醛和丙二酸为起始原料,通过Knoevenagel缩合得到(E)-3-烷烯酸,然后与草酰氯/二甲亚砜反应,得到3-甲硫基-γ-内酯,反应式如下,
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CN107353265A (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-17 | 北京工商大学 | 一种烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法 |
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CN113105416B (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-07-12 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种制备γ-内酯类化合物的方法 |
CN113754616A (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 北京工商大学 | 一种反式-3-苯硫基-γ-内酯的制备方法 |
CN113754613A (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 北京工商大学 | 一种3-烯醇的苯硫基环醚化方法 |
CN113754613B (zh) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-06-30 | 北京工商大学 | 一种4-烯醇的苯硫基环醚化方法 |
CN116143730A (zh) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-23 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种制备γ-十一内酯的方法 |
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