CN107353265B - 一种烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法:R=H,Ph,CmH2m+1,m=1‑5该方法步骤:在‑78℃先将二苯亚砜的二氯甲烷溶液滴加至草酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液中,再滴加原料烯酸,然后回至室温反应,得到相应的氯内酯化产物,3‑烯酸及4‑烯酸得到γ‑内酯产物,5‑烯酸则得到δ‑内酯产物,产率在50~90%。
Description
本发明涉及一种烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法。
氯内酯化反应指的是烯酸类化合物在含氯素试剂的作用下,发生分子内关环得到氯内酯类化合物。在这个反应过程中,涉及反应的烯键一步即产生两个新的碳杂(O-C-C-Cl)单键。对于同时产生两个手性中心的烯酸底物,氯内酯化反应表现出立体专一性。该反应自发现以来就在有机合成化学中占据着重要的地位,广泛应用于天然产物的全合成研究中,可以作为重要的医药中间体。
受合成方法的限制,对于氯内酯化反应的研究少于碘内酯化反应和溴内酯化反应,主要原因是氯内酯化反应用到的是氯气,属于剧毒,室温条件下是气体,不易操作。于是越来越多的研究在传统方法上进行改进,寻找可替代氯气的氯代试剂。目前主要的合成方法有以下三种:(1)烯酸在N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(NCS)及其类似物作用下的氯内酯化;(2)烯酸在氧化剂和金属氯化物作用下的氯内酯化;(3)烯酸在氯胺T(Chloramine-T)作用下的氯内酯化。这些改进方法为氯内酯化反应提供了丰富的安全的可选择途径,但存在不同的缺陷:试剂价格昂贵,产率不高,区域选择性不好。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法。其特征是以烯酸(3-烯酸,4-烯酸,5-烯酸)为原料,以二氯甲烷为溶剂,在二苯亚砜/草酰氯组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的氯内酯化产物。本发明的制备方法具有试剂价廉易得、操作简便、产率高、选择性好的优点。反应式如下:
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法:
其主要过程是:在-78℃先将二苯亚砜(1.5eq)的二氯甲烷溶液滴加至草酰氯(1.5eq)的二氯甲烷溶液中,再滴加原料烯酸,然后回室温反应,得到相应的氯内酯化产物,3-烯酸及4-烯酸得到γ-内酯产物,5-烯酸则得到δ-内酯产物,产率在50~90%。
本发明方法中制备的烯酸氯内酯化产物的结构都通过核磁共振进行了确认。分析结果附在实施例后。
具体实施方式
(1)(4R*,5S*)-4-氯-5-苯基-二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,加入草酰氯(7.5mmol,0.65mL,1.5eq)和无水二氯甲烷(10mL)。液氮-乙醇浴-78℃下,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加二苯亚砜(7.5mmol,1.52g,1.5eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,再滴加(E)-4-苯基-3-丁烯酸(5mmol,810mg,1.0eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,然后回室温反应2h。冰浴0℃下,加入30mL碳酸氢钠水溶液(5%),分液,取有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=15∶1),得到(4R*,5S*)-4-氯-5-苯基-二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮860mg,产率为88%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43-7.32(m,5H),5.54(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.42(ddd,J=7.2,5.6,4.4Hz,1H),3.13(dd,J=18.0,7.2Hz,1H),2.84(dd,J=18.0,5.7Hz,1H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ172.85,135.86,129.33,129.10,125.30,87.53,57.82,38.16。
(2)5-(氯甲基)-3,3-二甲基-二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,加入草酰氯(7.5mmol,0.65mL,1.5eq)和无水二氯甲烷(10mL)。液氮-乙醇浴-78℃下,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加二苯亚砜(7.5mmol,1.52g,1.5eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,再滴加2,2-二甲基-4-戊烯酸(5mmol,640mg,1.0eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,然后回室温反应2h。冰浴0℃下,加入30mL碳酸氢钠水溶液(5%),分液,取有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1),得到5-(氯甲基)-3,3-二甲基-二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮740mg,产率为91%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.67-4.58(m,1H),3.66(dd,J=11.7,5.4Hz,1H),3.65(dd,J=11.8,4.8Hz,1H),2.19(dd,J=12.9,6.3Hz,1H),1.95(dd,J=12.9,9.6Hz,1H),1.26(s,3H),1.24(s,3H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ180.98,75.02,45.64,40.38,40.30,24.91,24.85。
(3)6-(氯甲基)-四氢吡喃-2-酮的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,加入草酰氯(7.5mmol,0.65mL,1.5eq)和无水二氯甲烷(10mL)。液氮-乙醇浴-78℃下,用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加二苯亚砜(7.5mmol,1.52g,1.5eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,再滴加5-己烯酸(5mmol,570mg,1.0eq)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,-78℃下继续搅拌10min,加入碳酸钾(25mmol,3.45g,5.0eq)和18-冠醚-6(0.25mmol,66mg,0.05eq),然后回室温反应5h。抽滤,滤液中加入30mL蒸馏水,分液,取有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1),得到6-(氯甲基)-四氢吡喃-2-酮380mg,产率为51%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.55-4.50(m,1H),3.67(dd,J=11.4,4.8Hz,1H),3.63(dd,J=11.4,6.0Hz,1H),2.62(dddd,J=18.0,6.6,4.8,1.2Hz,1H),2.48(ddd,J=18.0,9.6,7.2Hz,1H),2.10-2.05(m,1H),1.99(ddq,J=13.8,7.2,4.8Hz,1H),1.92-1.83(m,1H),1.73(dtd,J=13.8,10.8,4.8Hz,1H)。13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ170.45,79.06,45.89,29.63,25.43,18.30。
Claims (1)
1.一种烯酸氯内酯化的制备方法,其特征是以3-烯酸,4-烯酸,5-烯酸为原料,以二氯甲烷为溶剂,在二苯亚砜/草酰氯组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的氯内酯化产物,在-78℃先将二苯亚砜的二氯甲烷溶液滴加至草酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液中,再滴加原料烯酸,然后回至室温反应,反应式如下:
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A Novel Method for the Chlorolactonization of Alkenoic Acids Using Diphenyl Sulfoxide/Oxalyl Chloride;Rui Ding等;《Synthesis》;20180424;第50卷;第2555-2566页 * |
Selenium-Catalyzed Halolactonization: Nucleophilic Activation of Electrophilic Halogenating Reagents;Shelli R. Mellegaard等;《J. Org. Chem.》;20041111;第69卷;第8979-8981页 * |
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