CN106165659A - A kind of Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106165659A CN106165659A CN201610454619.9A CN201610454619A CN106165659A CN 106165659 A CN106165659 A CN 106165659A CN 201610454619 A CN201610454619 A CN 201610454619A CN 106165659 A CN106165659 A CN 106165659A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method.It includes the sport technique segments such as the implantation of parent's accelerating, artificial induced spawning, fertilization and hatching, larvae cultivation, zooxanthellae, settlement and metamorphosis, juvenile mollusk cultivation.The present invention is different from conventional shellfish seed breeding: (1) only throws something and feeds Micro Algae in larval phase, and foot face adds zooxanthellae later, once forms juvenile mollusk, and juvenile mollusk utilizes the zooxanthellae of symbiosis to obtain source of nutrition, Micro Algae of no longer throwing something and feeding；(2) water purification is collected seedling, and in order to improve distortion ratio, makes metastable abnormal environment, employ first do not change water, do not inflate, the means of not bait throwing in complete larval metamorphosis.The present invention, with squama Concha Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa as embodiment, achieves the artificial breeding of Concha Tridacna squamosa first in China, repairs for Concha Tridacna squamosa resource, makes reef Gu Jiao for coral reef and safeguard that its ecosystem diversity provides reliable guarantee.The present invention has practical, it is easy to the advantages such as operation popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shellfish in Marine agriculture and breed cultural technique field, be specifically related to a kind of Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding side
Method.
Background technology:
Concha Tridacna squamosa is the general designation that Mollusca lamellibranchiata Tridacnidae is biological, has 2 genus 10 kinds, is distributed widely in from Western Pacific
To Indian Ocean East Coast of Africa Tropical Ocean Area (Lucas, 1988；Othman,et al,2010；Zhang Suping, 2008).In China
Have distribution and relatively conventional Concha Tridacna squamosa have 6 kinds, they be respectively Concha Tridacna squamosa belong to big Concha Tridacna squamosa Tridacan gigas, without squama Concha Tridacna squamosa
Tridacna derasa, squama Concha Tridacna squamosa Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding). Tridacna maxima, sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa
The Che oyster Hippopus hippopus that Tridacna crocea and Che oyster belong to.The lake of China's South Sea coral reef, barrier reef, island
The reef dish of reef is all original distribution marine site of Concha Tridacna squamosa, due to Concha Tridacna squamosa set live in the torrid zone the transparent marine site of shallow-layer habit make its pole
Easily being fished for, especially begin from the seventies and eighties in 20th century, universal along with diving apparatus and power ship, Concha Tridacna squamosa resource is by tight
Heavily destroy, even disappeared in some kind of many marine sites.
As can be seen here, carry out Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding, establish complete Concha Tridacna squamosa seed rearing and oxygen-increasing reagent system gesture
Must go.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method.The present invention is the artificial breeding cultivation of Concha Tridacna squamosa, increases
Growing releases etc. provides reliable technical guarantee.
The Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method of the present invention, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, parent's accelerating: in Concha Tridacna squamosa breeding season, select healthy lossless individuality as parent, use micro-inflation+miniflow water
Form carries out artificial ripening, and depending on the accelerating time is according to parent's gonad development degree, gonad development is the most ripe, and the time is the shortest, instead
It, lengthen；
B, artificial induced spawning: use physics or chemical method to carry out artificial induced spawning, it is thus achieved that the ripe gamete of Concha Tridacna squamosa；
C, fertilization and hatching: collecting essence ovum respectively, a diameter of 100 μm of ovum, its time-to-live is in 60min；Sperm head
Relatively big, its time-to-live is in 30min；The time of fertilization compares the ratio of=50～100:1 according to essence ovum quantity and sperm adds ovum liquid
In, it being gently agitated for, carry out artificial insemination, triploidy rate controls within 30/ml；After fertilization pours germ cell liquid into hatching
Pond, hatching density controls within 15/ml, and hatching obtains D-shaped larva；
D, larvae cultivation: D type larva (shell length × shell height=150 μ m 120 μm) is positioned over the training filling pure and fresh sea water
Using micro-aeration to cultivate in supporting container, density domination is within 5/ml, and along with larval growth, density is gradually lowered
To 0.5/ml, changing water every day once, quantity of exchanged water controls at the 60-90% cultivating water body volume, and chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume exists
5000-10000/ml d-1；
E, zooxanthellae are implanted: after larval growth forms sufficient veliger (shell length × shell height=190 μ m 160 μm),
Foot veliger is positioned in the zooxanthellae solution of ten thousand/ml of 40-60, foot veliger density domination at 30-40/ml,
Soak time controls within 2h；From the beginning of the 6th day, every day will change sufficient veliger concentration all use zooxanthellae immersions that water goes out
Bubble, it is ensured that have more than 3 zooxanthellaes in foot veliger digestive gland；
F, settlement and metamorphosis: after foot veliger enters period of metamorphosis, be mainly characterized by larva and carry out formula motion of crawling, for a moment
Swim, creep for a moment；Abnormal specification is shell length × shell height=200 μ m 170 μm；During this period, do not change water, do not inflate process 7-
10d allows larva complete metamorphosis；
G, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: after larva completes metamorphosis, start miniflow water+micro-inflation and raise, abnormal successfully larva, terminate
Swim life, creep with foot, the gill, secondary shell occur, establish complete zooxanthellae system；Through the cultivation of 1 month, juvenile mollusk could
To grow to about 400-500 μm, forming double water pipe juvenile mollusk, motion mode is still for creeping；Trained through about 1.5-2.0 month
Educate, formed 1-2mm young shellfish, the most the same with adult Concha Tridacna squamosa, stand up, utilize byssus be attached to vessel bottom wall or
On person's adherance, fully utilized zooxanthellae nutrition.
Preferably, in described parent's accelerating, the parent chosen is the bigger the better, and for squama Concha Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., shell length exists
More than 30cm；For sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa, shell length is at more than 10cm；During accelerating, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-9000lux；
Preferably, in described artificial induced spawning, physical method refers to that Exposure to Sunlight+dry in the shade+stimulation by running water+property product induces it to discharge
Essence ovum；Chemical method refers to utilize odinagogue to promote parent to discharge essence ovum, odinagogue such as serotonin, H2O2Deng chemical reagent；
Preferably, described fertilization and hatching, sperm quantity must be noted, quantity too much can cause polyspermy, and embryo sends out
Educating deformity, it is also noted that motility of sperm, the poorest meeting of vigor causes rate of fertilization low and abnormal rate is high；
Preferably, described larvae cultivation, is to treat after fertilization about 40h, utilizes 260 mesh sieve tulles, then carries out D type larva
Selection-breeding (shell length × shell height=150 μ m 120 μm), preferred larva uses micro-in being positioned over the culture vessel filling pure and fresh sea water
Aeration is cultivated, and the bait of use is chrysophyceae, uses fresh bait as far as possible, prevents from utilizing aging bait；The sea water used
Through dual sand filtration or 2 μm sucking filtration；Temperature between 28-30 DEG C, salinity between 28-35ppt, pH between 8.0-8.3,
Intensity of illumination controls at 0-1000lux；
Preferably, described zooxanthellae is implanted, and zooxanthellae can use and derive from outer embrane and squeeze, it is also possible to derive from Concha Tridacna squamosa
Fresh excreta filters, and between different Concha Tridacna squamosa species, zooxanthellae can be general；
Preferably, described settlement and metamorphosis, use water purification to carry out abnormal process, keep stable environment, promote larva complete
Become metamorphosis, form juvenile mollusk；During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 2000-3000lux；
Preferably, in juvenile mollusk cultivating process, aufwuch on container, various algae etc. are cultivated in periodic cleaning；At miniflow water water
Adding the ammonium nitrate of 3-5mg/L at source, carry out miniflow water raising, ammonium nitrate promotes zooxanthellae propagation in juvenile mollusk, accelerates juvenile mollusk raw
Long；During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-5000lux, and never light is too strong.
The present invention is different from conventional shellfish seed breeding: (1) only throws something and feeds Micro Algae in larval phase, and foot face adds later
Zooxanthellae, once forms juvenile mollusk, and juvenile mollusk utilizes the zooxanthellae of symbiosis to obtain source of nutrition, Micro Algae of no longer throwing something and feeding；(2) water purification
Method is collected seedling, in order to improve distortion ratio, make metastable abnormal environment, employ first do not change water, do not inflate, not bait throwing in
Means complete larval metamorphosis.The present invention, with squama Concha Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa as embodiment, achieves Concha Tridacna squamosa in China first
Artificial breeding, for Concha Tridacna squamosa resource repair, make reef Gu Jiao for coral reef and safeguard that its ecosystem diversity provides reliably
Ensure.The present invention has practical, it is easy to the advantages such as operation popularization.
Detailed description of the invention:
Following example are to further illustrate the present invention rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A, parent's accelerating: in mid-March, 2016, have purchased in Qionghai 15 energetic, healthy lossless big
Body squama Concha Tridacna squamosa, shell length is at 30-40cm, and fresh weight is 3-5kg/, and parent weighs 60kg altogether, according to 15kg/m3The density of water body is placed
2 2m in Hainan Tropical marine biological laboratory station, South Sea institute of oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences3Fiberglass tank in.Use micro-inflation
+ miniflow water form carries out artificial ripening, and streamflow is 12m3/ d cylinder, through 4 weeks acceleratings, Concha Tridacna squamosa gonad maturity, ovum diameter
Being 100 μm, sperm is the most active；During accelerating, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, and ocean temperature is 26.3-28.7 DEG C,
Salinity is 30-32ppt, and intensity of illumination controls at 3000-9000lux；
B, artificial induced spawning: on April 18th, 2016, choose 6 squama Concha Tridacna squamosas, clean up laggard row artificial induced spawning, uses
The 0.8mg/ml serotonin odinagogue of 2ml is squeezed into sufficient base portion from byssal foramen by injection, is positioned over that to fill 20L fresh afterwards
In the Plastic Drum of sea water, after putting into 5-10min, parent starts to discharge sperm, about continue for 10min, retains this barrel of seminal fluid；
Proceeded in the Plastic Drum that another one fills 20L fresh seawater afterwards, through 8min, find to start to discharge ovum, now,
It is transferred to rapidly to fill in the white bucket of 50L fresh seawater, recovery of ova；Another one individuality also does and processes equally, so,
We collect the ovum of 6 barrels of squama Concha Tridacna squamosas and 4 barrels of sperms；
C, fertilization and hatching: through checking, have 3 barrels of ovum qualities higher, utilize these ovums to be positioned over glass according to 30/ml
In glass cylinder bucket, check motility of sperm prefecundation, select the sperm that vigor is good, utilize blood counting chamber that its sperm concentration is carried out fixed
Amount, afterwards according to 50 sperms: the smart ovum ratio of 1 ovum is fertilized, uses and is fertilized between allosome, and triploidy rate controls
Within 30/ml；Start to the time of fertilization to control within 60min from collecting essence ovum；After fertilization, is gently agitated for germ cell,
Fertilization 1h after, pour germ cell liquid into hatchery and hatch, use micro-aeration to hatch, hatching density control 15/
Within ml, it is ensured that higher incubation rate；
D, larvae cultivation: on April 20th, 2016, treat after fertilization about 40h, utilize 260 mesh sieve tulles, carry out D type larva
Selection-breeding (shell length × shell height=150 μ m 120 μm), hatches D-shaped larva 4,000,000 altogether；The larva selected is positioned over 1
(2m in the individual fiberglass tank filling pure and fresh sea water3Volume) use micro-aeration to cultivate, density domination 5/ml with
In；To after fertilization the 6th day, larval density was adjusted to 0.5/ml, and removing death has worm, also 4 fiberglass tank (2m3) training
Educate D-shaped larva；During this period, changing water every day once, quantity of exchanged water controls at the 60-90% cultivating water body volume, and chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding is thrown
Amount of feeding is at 5000-10000/ml d-1；During larvae cultivation, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, and ocean temperature is
27.0-29.2 DEG C, salinity be 32-33ppt, pH between 8.0-8.3, intensity of illumination controls at 0-1000lux；
E, zooxanthellae were implanted: when larval growth to after fertilization the 6th day, formed foot veliger (shell length × shell height=190 μm
× 160 μm) concentrate larva afterwards, larva is positioned in the zooxanthellae solution of ten thousand/ml of 40-60, larval density controls at 30-40
Individual/ml, within soak time is 2h；From the beginning of the 6th day, every day will change larva concentration all use zooxanthellae immersion bubbles that water goes out,
Guarantee that foot veliger digestive gland has more than 3 zooxanthellaes；Zooxanthellae comes from adult Concha Tridacna squamosa outer embrane, through outer embrane
The technological means such as clip, pulverizing are squeezed the juice, double filtration, removal filtrate obtain；
F, settlement and metamorphosis: within the 7th day, starting when foot veliger enters after fertilization, larvapod is overhanging, can swim for a moment, one
Can creep, carry out formula motion of crawling；Abnormal specification is shell length × shell height=200 μ m 170 μm；During this period, water purification is used
Process 7-10d larva and complete metamorphosis, do not change water, do not inflate process, it is ensured that salinity is less than 28-30 DEG C in 30-35ppt, water temperature
Between, pH between 8.0-8.3, daylight maintains 2000-3000lux；
G, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: after larva completes metamorphosis, start miniflow water+micro-inflation and raise, abnormal successfully larva, terminate
Swim life, creep with foot, the gill, secondary shell occur, establish complete zooxanthellae system；Through the cultivation of 1 month, juvenile mollusk could
To grow to about 400-500 μm, forming double water pipe juvenile mollusk, motion mode is still for creeping；Through cultivation in about 1.5 months, shape
Become the young shellfish of 1-2mm, the most the same with adult Concha Tridacna squamosa, stand up, utilize byssus to be attached to vessel bottom wall or attached
On base, fully utilized zooxanthellae nutrition.In juvenile mollusk cultivating process, aufwuch on container, various algaes are cultivated in periodic cleaning
Class etc.；Addition ammonium salt can be worked as at miniflow water water source, carry out miniflow water raising, promote zooxanthellae propagation in juvenile mollusk, accelerate
Juvenile mollusk grows；During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-5000lux, and never light is too strong.
By the technological means of the present embodiment, through the cultivation of 1.5 months, we successfully breed out squama Concha Tridacna squamosa juvenile mollusk
26357.
Embodiment 2:
A, parent's accelerating: in mid-March, 2016, have purchased in Qionghai 20 energetic, healthy lossless big
Body Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., shell length is at 30-40cm, and fresh weight is 2.5-3.5kg/, and parent weighs 60kg altogether, according to 15kg/m3The density of water body
It is positioned over 2 2m at Hainan Tropical marine biological laboratory station, South Sea institute of oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences3Fiberglass tank in.Use micro-
Inflation+miniflow water form carries out artificial ripening, and streamflow is 10m3/ d cylinder, through 3 weeks acceleratings, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding). gonad maturity, ovum
A diameter of 100 μm of son, sperm is the most active；During accelerating, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, and ocean temperature is 26.2-
28.5 DEG C, salinity is 30-33ppt, and intensity of illumination controls at 3000-9000lux；
B, artificial induced spawning: on April 10th, 2016, choose two Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding).s, clean up laggard row artificial induced spawning, uses
The 0.8mg/ml serotonin odinagogue of 2ml is squeezed into sufficient base portion from byssal foramen by injection, is positioned over that to fill 20L fresh afterwards
In the blue bucket of sea water, after putting into 5-6min, parent starts to discharge sperm, about continue for 8min, retains this barrel of seminal fluid；It
After proceeded in the blue bucket that another one fills 20L fresh seawater, through 10min, find to start to discharge ovum, now, fast
Speed is transferred to fill in the white bucket of 50L fresh seawater, recovery of ova；Another one individuality also does and processes equally, so, and I
Have collected the ovum of two barrels of Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding).s and two barrels of sperms；
C, fertilization and hatching: be positioned in glass jar bucket according to 30/ml by the ovum gathered, check that sperm is lived prefecundation
Power, selects the sperm that vigor is good, utilizes blood counting chamber to carry out its sperm concentration quantitatively, afterwards according to 100 sperms: 1
The smart ovum ratio of ovum is fertilized, and uses and is fertilized between allosome, from collect essence ovum start to the time of fertilization control 60min with
In；After fertilization, is gently agitated for germ cell, and triploidy rate controls within 30/ml；After fertilization 1h, germ cell liquid is fallen
Entering hatchery to hatch, use micro-aeration to hatch, it is 15/ml that hatching density controls, it is ensured that higher incubation rate；
D, larvae cultivation: on April 12nd, 2016, treat after fertilization about 40h, utilize 260 mesh sieve tulles, carry out D type larva
Selection-breeding (shell length × shell height=150 μ m 120 μm), hatches D-shaped larva 10,000,000 altogether；The D-shaped larva selected is put
It is placed in (2m in 1 fiberglass tank filling pure and fresh sea water3Volume) use micro-aeration to cultivate, density domination 5/
Within ml；To after fertilization the 6th day, larval density was adjusted to 0.5/ml, and removing death has worm, also 4 fiberglass tanks
(2m3) cultivate D-shaped larva；During this period, changing water every day once, quantity of exchanged water controls, at the 60-90% cultivating water body volume, to throw something and feed
Chrysophyceae, feeding volume is at 5000-10000/ml d-1；During larvae cultivation, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, sea water temperature
Degree is for 27.2-29.0 DEG C, and salinity is 33-35ppt, and pH is between 8.0-8.3, and intensity of illumination controls at 0-1000lux；
E, zooxanthellae were implanted: when larval growth to after fertilization the 6th day, formed foot veliger (shell length × shell height=190 μm
× 160 μm) concentrate larva afterwards, larva is positioned in the zooxanthellae solution of ten thousand/ml of 40-60, larval density control 30/
Ml, within soak time is 2h；From the beginning of the 6th day, every day will change larva concentration all use zooxanthellae immersion bubbles that water goes out, it is ensured that
Foot veliger digestive gland there are more than 3 zooxanthellaes；Zooxanthellae comes from adult Concha Tridacna squamosa feces, utilizes 500 mu of bolting silk net mistakes
After filter, leave filtrate, be zooxanthellae liquid；
F, settlement and metamorphosis: within the 7th day, starting when foot veliger enters after fertilization, larvapod is overhanging, can swim for a moment, one
Can creep, carry out formula motion of crawling；Abnormal specification is shell length × shell height=200 μ m 170 μm；During this period, water purification is used
Process 7-10d larva and complete metamorphosis, do not change water, do not inflate process, it is ensured that salinity is less than 28-30 DEG C in 32-35ppt, water temperature
Between, pH between 8.1-8.3, daylight maintains 2000-3000lux, and after 7-10d, larva completes metamorphosis；
G, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: after larva completes metamorphosis, start miniflow water+micro-inflation and raise, abnormal successfully larva, terminate
Swim life, creep with foot, the gill, secondary shell occur, establish complete zooxanthellae system；Through the cultivation of 1 month, juvenile mollusk could
To grow to about 400-500 μm, forming double water pipe juvenile mollusk, motion mode is still for creeping；Through cultivation in about 2 months, formed
The young shellfish of 1-2mm, the most the same with adult Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., stand up, utilize byssus to be attached to vessel bottom wall or attached
On base, fully utilized zooxanthellae nutrition.In juvenile mollusk cultivating process, aufwuch on container, various algaes are cultivated in periodic cleaning
Class etc.；At miniflow water water source, add ammonium salt, carry out miniflow water raising, promote zooxanthellae propagation in juvenile mollusk, accelerate juvenile mollusk growth；
During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-5000lux, and never light is too strong.
By the technological means of the present embodiment, through the cultivation of 2 months, we successfully breed out squama Concha Tridacna squamosa juvenile mollusk 3685
Individual.
Embodiment 3:
A, parent's accelerating: in mid-March, 2016, have purchased in Qionghai 200 energetic, healthy lossless sarranine
Concha Tridacna squamosa, shell length is at 10-15cm, and fresh weight is 0.1-0.2kg/, and parent weighs 15kg altogether, according to 15kg/m3The density of water body is placed
1 2m in Hainan Tropical marine biological laboratory station, South Sea institute of oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences3Fiberglass tank in.Use micro-inflation
+ miniflow water form carries out artificial ripening, and streamflow is 9m3/ d cylinder, through 8 weeks acceleratings, sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa gonad maturity, ovum was straight
Footpath is 100 μm, and sperm is the most active；During accelerating, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, and ocean temperature is 26.2-29.0
DEG C, salinity is 32-35ppt, and intensity of illumination controls at 3000-9000lux；
B, artificial induced spawning: on May 15th, 2016, choose 20 big individual sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosas, clean up laggard pedestrian's work
Hasten parturition, use injection that from byssal foramen, the 0.8mg/ml serotonin odinagogue of 0.5ml is squeezed into sufficient base portion, be positioned over afterwards
Filling in the red bucket of 2L fresh seawater, after putting into 2-3min, parent starts to discharge sperm, about continue for 5min, retains this
Bucket seminal fluid；Proceeded in the blue bucket that another one fills 2L fresh seawater afterwards, through 5min, find to start to discharge ovum,
Now, it is transferred to rapidly to fill in the blue bucket of 10L fresh seawater, recovery of ova；Other individualities also do same process, this
Sample, we have collected the ovum of 20 barrels and 20 barrels of sperms；
C, fertilization and hatching: being positioned in glass jar bucket according to 30/ml mixing by the ovum gathered, sperm liquid is blended in
Together, check motility of sperm prefecundation, select the sperm that vigor is good, utilize blood counting chamber its sperm concentration to be carried out quantitatively,
Afterwards according to 80 sperms: the smart ovum ratio of 1 ovum is fertilized, start to the time of fertilization to control from collecting essence ovum
Within 60min；After fertilization, is gently agitated for germ cell, and triploidy rate controls within 30/ml；After fertilization 1h, will fertilization
Ovum liquid is poured hatchery into and is hatched, and uses micro-aeration to hatch, and it is 15/ml that hatching density controls, it is ensured that higher hatching
Rate；
D, larvae cultivation: on May 17th, 2016, treat after fertilization about 40h, utilize 260 mesh sieve tulles, carry out D type larva
Selection-breeding (shell length × shell height=150 μ m 120 μm), hatches D-shaped larva 5,000,000 altogether；The D type larva selected is placed
(1m in 1 fiberglass tank filling pure and fresh sea water3Volume) use micro-aeration to cultivate, density domination is at 5/ml
Within；To after fertilization the 6th day, larval density was adjusted to 0.5/ml, and removing death has worm, also 2 fiberglass tank (2m3)
Cultivate foot veliger；During this period, changing water every day once, quantity of exchanged water controls at the 60-90% cultivating water body volume, gold of throwing something and feeding
Algae, feeding volume is at 5000-10000/ml d-1；During larvae cultivation, the sea water of use is all through dual sand coarse aggregate ratio, ocean temperature
For 27.8-30 DEG C, salinity be 28-30ppt, pH between 8.0-8.3, intensity of illumination controls at 0-1000lux；
E, zooxanthellae were implanted: when larval growth to after fertilization the 6th day, formed foot veliger (shell length × shell height=190 μm
× 160 μm) concentrate larva afterwards, larva is positioned in the zooxanthellae solution of 600,000/ml, larval density control 30/
Ml, within soak time is 2h；From the beginning of the 6th day, every day will change larva concentration all use zooxanthellae immersion bubbles that water goes out, it is ensured that
Foot veliger digestive gland there are more than 3 zooxanthellaes；Zooxanthellae comes from adult Concha Tridacna squamosa outer embrane, cuts through outer embrane
Take, pulverize squeeze the juice, double filtration, the technological means such as removal filtrate obtain；
F, settlement and metamorphosis: within the 7th day, starting when foot veliger enters after fertilization, larvapod is overhanging, can swim for a moment, one
Can creep, carry out formula motion of crawling；Abnormal specification is shell length × shell height=200 μ m 170 μm；During this period, water purification is used
Process 10d larva complete metamorphosis, do not change water, do not inflate process, it is ensured that salinity 32-35ppt, water temperature less than 28-30 DEG C it
Between, pH between 8.1-8.3, daylight maintains 2000-3000lux；
G, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: after larva completes metamorphosis, start miniflow water+micro-inflation and raise, abnormal successfully larva, terminate
Swim life, creep with foot, the gill, secondary shell occur, establish complete zooxanthellae system；Through the cultivation of 1 month, juvenile mollusk could
To grow to about 400-500 μm, form double water pipe juvenile mollusk, motion mode still for creeping, fully utilized zooxanthellae nutrition.Young
In shellfish cultivating process, aufwuch on container, various algae etc. are cultivated in periodic cleaning；At miniflow water water source, add ammonium salt, enter
Row miniflow water is raised, and promotes zooxanthellae propagation in juvenile mollusk, accelerates juvenile mollusk growth；During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-
5000lux, never light is too strong.
By the technological means of the present embodiment, through the cultivation of 1 month, we successfully breed out sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa juvenile mollusk 1274
Individual.
The main innovation point of the present invention is to cultivate Concha Tridacna squamosa seed in China first, for its resource reparation and safeguard coral
Coral reef system biological various offer practice ensures.
Claims (6)
1. a Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, parent's accelerating: in Concha Tridacna squamosa breeding season, select healthy lossless individuality as parent, use micro-inflation+miniflow water form
Carry out artificial ripening；
B, artificial induced spawning: use physics or chemical method to carry out artificial induced spawning, it is thus achieved that the ripe gamete of Concha Tridacna squamosa；
C, fertilization and hatching: collect essence ovum respectively, add in ovum liquid according to the essence ovum quantity ratio than=50～100:1 by sperm,
Agitation, carries out artificial insemination, and triploidy rate controls within 30/ml；After fertilization pours germ cell liquid into hatchery, hatching
Density domination is within 15/ml, and hatching obtains D-shaped larva；
D, larvae cultivation: in D type larva is positioned over the culture vessel filling pure and fresh sea water, use micro-aeration to cultivate, close
Degree controls, within 5/ml, to change water every day once, and quantity of exchanged water controls at the 60-90% cultivating water body volume, and chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding is thrown
Amount of feeding is at 5000-10000/ml d-1；
E, zooxanthellae are implanted: after larval growth forms foot veliger, foot veliger is positioned over ten thousand/ml of 40-60
Zooxanthellae solution in, foot veliger density domination is at 30-40/ml, and soak time controls within 2h；Opened from the 6th day
Beginning, every day will change sufficient veliger concentration all use zooxanthellae immersion bubbles that water goes out, it is ensured that has 3 in foot veliger digestive gland
Above zooxanthellae；
F, settlement and metamorphosis: after foot veliger enters period of metamorphosis, during this period, do not change water, do not inflate process and allow larva complete
Abnormal；
G, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: after larva completes metamorphosis, start miniflow water+micro-inflation and raise, abnormal successfully larva, terminate to swim
Life, creeps with foot, the gill, secondary shell occur, establishes complete zooxanthellae system；Through cultivating, form double water pipe juvenile mollusk, then
Form Concha Tridacna squamosa children shellfish.
Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described parent's accelerating, for squama
For Concha Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna (chamestrachea) maxima (R ding)., shell length is at more than 30cm；For sarranine Concha Tridacna squamosa, shell length is at more than 10cm；During accelerating, illumination
Strength control is at 3000-9000lux.
Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described artificial induced spawning, physics side
Method refers to that Exposure to Sunlight+dry in the shade+stimulation by running water+property product induces its discharge essence ovum；Chemical method refers to utilize odinagogue to promote parent
Discharge essence ovum, described odinagogue is serotonin or H2O2。
Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described larvae cultivation, is to wait to be fertilized
Rear 40h, utilizes 260 mesh sieve tulle selection-breeding D type larvas, and the D type larva of selection-breeding is positioned in the culture vessel filling pure and fresh sea water
Using micro-aeration to cultivate, the bait of use is chrysophyceae, and the sea water of use is through dual sand filtration or 2 μm sucking filtration；Temperature
Between 28-30 DEG C, salinity is between 28-35ppt, and pH is between 8.0-8.3, and intensity of illumination controls at 0-1000lux.
Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described settlement and metamorphosis, uses water purification
Method carries out abnormal process, keeps stable environment, promotes larva to complete metamorphosis, forms juvenile mollusk；During this period, intensity of illumination controls
At 2000-3000lux.
Concha Tridacna squamosa artificial breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in juvenile mollusk cultivating process, periodic cleaning
Cultivate aufwuch on container, various algae；At miniflow water water source, add the ammonium nitrate of 3-5mg/L, carry out miniflow water raising,
Promote zooxanthellae propagation in juvenile mollusk, accelerate juvenile mollusk growth；During this period, intensity of illumination controls at 3000-5000lux.
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| CN107581115A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-16 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of raising giant clam is from juvenile mollusk to the method for young shellfish stage survival rate |
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| CN114208736A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-22 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving artificial hatching rate of blood clam |
| CN114304011A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for cultivating young mollusks of fagopyrum |
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