CN1061652A - 单位重量轻的压力流体容器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

单位重量轻的压力流体容器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1061652A
CN1061652A CN91110784A CN91110784A CN1061652A CN 1061652 A CN1061652 A CN 1061652A CN 91110784 A CN91110784 A CN 91110784A CN 91110784 A CN91110784 A CN 91110784A CN 1061652 A CN1061652 A CN 1061652A
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China
Prior art keywords
container
resin
base
inner sheath
cylindrical zone
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CN91110784A
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CN1032083C (zh
Inventor
米歇尔·于维
雅克·谢隆
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/24—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/8008—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations specially adapted for winding and joining
    • B29C53/805—Applying axial reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
    • B29D22/003—Containers for packaging, storing or transporting, e.g. bottles, jars, cans, barrels, tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
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    • B29L2016/00—Articles with corrugations or pleats
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Abstract

本发明描述贮存处于压力下流体用的容器和其 制造方法。
容器包括由一波形圆柱区(2)分隔的两底座(3， 4)，按圆周方向加强的波形圆柱区和放置在容器的整 个外部结构上的纵向加强件(7)，纵向加强件一方面 加强底座效能，另一方面可减低底座厚度和减轻容器 重量。
本发明描述按圆周方向和纵向加强的容器制造 方法。

Description

本发明涉及贮存压力流体的单位重量轻的耐高压容器和其制造方法。
该容器必须具有的主要特性是众所周知的，即具有重量轻和足够的强度以耐受容器内含流体所施加的压力。
众所周知，为运装例如丁烷气、液化丙烷等压缩气体或处于压力下液体需采用耐压密封罐。这些罐往往是由钢制成的，而且容器（罐）的重量最低限度是被输送流体的重量当量。由此可知，空罐的装卸几乎与满装罐的一样困难，经使用后的空罐装卸费与因运输满罐而导致的装卸费具有相同数量级。
这里提出的技术问题是不显眼的，因为重量轻和耐压特性往往是两者不能溶合成一体的。
现有技术描述了重量轻的容器，但不能耐受较高压力或这些装置必须使用极昂贵的材料。
当使用价格合理的材料，为在广泛的公用事业领域中发展该项装置时，例如，用热塑性基料的单向复合材料以制造罐，罐的结构往往有一种由金属材料构成的内护套的介入。内护套起加强底座效能的主作用和密封的辅助作用。因此，其厚度成为整体重量的大部分。
在美国专利US-4，589，562中所描述的发明述及由于复合材料绕组围绕容器的圆柱形壳体和底座的一部分而设计成能耐高压的容器结构。可是，绕组没有覆盖底座的全部和事实上未支承底座，因此，不可能减低底座厚度和减轻容器重量。
本发明描述的容器，被布置成一方面取得较轻重量，另一方面保持与传统容器相同的或超过的抗压强度。所提供的解决方法如下：容器的结构是由通过圆周方向和纵向加强的波状圆形圆柱区所分隔的两个半球形或椭圆形底座所构成的，这些底座通过纵向加强件加强管形部分的底座效能而被支承的。纵向加强件的存在一方面可减轻容器底座的厚度，另一方面使整个容器保持足够的抗压强度。
圆周方向加强的波形管制造方法是众所周知的，且在申请人的法国专利FR-2，553，860（US-4，811，761）中已有介绍。
如此构成的容器结构具有的优点是，一方面提供包括在1/2和1/6之间传统钢容器的单位重量，另一方面保持与传统技术制造的罐相同的抗压强度。
本发明还描述制造容器的方法，特别是贮存处于压力下的流体的容器。
通过容器形状、厚度和大小的配合和适当技术的应用以制取该容器或罐。
用于贮存处于压力下的流体的容器包括由壳体或波形圆柱区分隔的且与所述圆柱壳体接合的两底座所构成的内护套，所述底座至少配置一个孔和闭合装置或与外部连通的装置（所述装置可以是阀门或一塞头和一阀门），以及抗纵向拉力设施，其特征在于圆柱区内护套含有若干波纹度，所述圆柱区的波具有圆周状或小节距的螺旋形，所述内护套的波形外空腔（波纹度的外凹点）内填充一种含有增强纤维的组合物，以及其特征在于除了底座的孔以外，抗纵向拉力设施或纵向加强件被放置在容器的整个外部结构上。
纵向加强件可通过纤维的安放使纤维围绕罐的两极通过或极绕组而构成或由安放在容器外结构上的编织层所构成。
容器的制造方法包括下述几道工序：
（a）容器内护套的实现是通过两个半球形或椭圆形底座以及通过含有圆周波纹度的圆柱区所构成，
（b）将含有纤维增强的可稳定树脂的组合物填充在容器的显然是圆柱形波状内护套部的外空腔（外凹点）部分上，至少占其高度H的一部分，
（c）使如此加强的容器，至少在其长度的一部分上经受稳定处理，以便让可稳定组合物稳定化，
（d）除了底座的孔之外，将纵向加强件放置在按圆周方向如此加强的容器的整个外结构上。
工序（a）可通过两种方法实现。容器内护套或是通过可挤压材料在模具中的吹气挤压而成形的一道工序制得，而模具壁则由含有圆周波纹度和半球或椭圆形底座的圆柱区所构成;或是在一道制造工序过程中，由固定装置将两个半球形或椭圆形的有孔底座固定在波形圆柱区的两端。
按照优选实施方式，有些程式可同时履行：
可挤压材料可以是金属或热塑性树脂。
树脂是例如光交联树脂，工序（c）是使整个树脂经受产生紫外线辐射的光源的作用而实现的。
树脂是例如热交联树脂，在可形成交联条件下，让整个树脂保持在稳定化阶段。
树脂是例如热固性树脂，以及稳定作用是通过将所述全部树脂加热到可使树脂硬化的温度而实现的。
圆柱区的纵向加强件也确保底座的支撑，它是通过螺旋绕组或极绕组放置在容器的外结构上，和/或将编织层安放在容器的外结构上而构成的。
纵向加强件例如由浸渍有热塑弹性体的芳族聚酰胺芯所构成，芯的两端通过粘合而固定在容器的两端。
在工序（b）之后，可以放置例如对所述树脂基本上不渗透的材料构成的护套，以便在进行工序（d）之前，将其保持在显然是波形管的所述外空腔（凹陷）部分的位置上。按此方法，稳定化处理与卷绕作业是同时进行的。所放置的护套可能是塑性或弹性材料带的单一的螺旋形绕组，其厚度可以是薄的，因为该带在树脂硬化之后一般不再有作用待发挥了。
在前述制造方法的所有变体方案中，至少在容器的一端配置可与外部连通的装置或密封闭合装置。
由此获得的处于压力下的流体用容器可能在其外部配备一保护层，例如，在工序（d）之后，将热塑弹性体溶液喷射到容器外结构上。
为了加强对容器的保护，可将容器放置在例如由瓦楞纸板制的集装箱式保护壳内，保护壳和容器之间的空隙充满着以酚醛树脂为基的可膨胀组合物。
为深刻理解本发明，参阅仅作为实施例的示意图，本发明的其他目的、特性和优点将是显而易见的，同时具体说明了本发明的各种实施方式，其中：
图1描述通过本发明方法所获得的轻型结构或贮存流体的容器，
图2表示波形圆柱区的一部分按容器纵向轴线的剖视图，
图3表示通过本发明方法和在其最终用途中而制得的轻型结构或贮存流体的容器。
图1表示容器1，其内护套包括波形圆柱区2、位于圆柱区两端的两底座3，4，所述底座配装位于容器两端的两阀门5，6，以及抗纵向拉力设施或纵向加强件7。
底座3，4具有椭圆或半球形状。
尽管底座3，4的密封护套可具有不同性质的材料制品，但是有利的是它可以具有与构成容器圆柱区2的波形护套一样性质的材料制品，使用与波形圆柱区相同性质的材料制品的底座护套可进行密封焊接，焊接的机械质量相当于一般长度的密封焊接。
除了底座与波形圆柱部分是通过单一作业而模制的情况外，当它们的制品是属于不同性质的情况下，底座3，4和容器2壳体之间的连接是通过粘合或钎焊而进行的。
底座3，4可通过模压、热成形、注射或其它传统方法而实现。
贮存罐的两端区配装阀门或塞头5，6，诸如按贮存液化气体或压缩气体所标准化的阀门或塞头。
除了底座的孔以外，纵向加强件7被放置在容器1的整个外结构上。
纵向加强件7可通过极绕组将纤维放置在结构上或通过将编织层安放在整个结构上而构成。
纵向加强件7以加强容器的圜柱形或管形部分的底座效能为目的。在底座3，4上的所述加强件的出现可减低底座3，4的厚度。
更正确地说，图2表示形成容器圆柱区的加强波形内护套部分的结构，如同申请人在法国专利EN90/05，507申请中所叙述的。
波形内护套的空腔（凹陷）部分2a，2b几乎在它们的全部高度H上充满具有用纤维增强的树脂8。从护套底部（相当于所述护套的外表面）起始直到护套的波纹度外区的曲率半径显然是恒定（按小于10%的变化）的区域为止，有必要充满空腔（凹陷）部分。
波形护套由连续圆11，13构成，这些圆部分从剖视图看来显然是成直线的，相当于从空间看来显然是有锥度的区域12所分隔或不分隔。
通过连续的空腔（凹陷）和隆起部分组成的形状，可构成连续环或采取螺旋形。
如果采用一种“折迭式”类型的构造将不会偏离本发明。在此情况下，空腔（凹陷）部分显然是在其整个高度上填充纤维增强的树脂。按相同的方式，波纹度可以是正弦波或近似的。
抗纵向拉力装置，例如纤维或编织层，是由图2标号7示意地表示的。
图3表示为在其最终用途中的贮存容器。
容器1被安放在用瓦楞纸板制成的集装箱9的内部。只有闭合装置或与外界连通的装置（例如，图中所示的阀5）是处于集装箱9的外部。位于集装箱壁和容器之间的空隙充满了一种在火灾情况下具有良好反应的材料10，诸如以酚醛树脂为基的可膨胀组合物，集装箱9和材料10整体构成了系统抗冲击和耐热的保护外壳。
此外，这种配置便于容器的运输和装配。
随后的描述，所谓圆周加强作业系指将含有增强纤维的组合物放置入容器波纹度的外空腔（凹点）内，所谓纵向加强作业系指放置抗纵向拉力设施。
按照第一种制造方式，使用一种含有圆周波纹度的圆柱区且呈现半球或椭圆形底座的模具。通过吹气挤压方法，实现由弱渗透性热塑材料（例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）制成罐。从而获得容器的内护套。
随后，在容器的两端配置一阀门和一塞头或两阀门。
圆周加强作业包含一道填充波形空腔工序，接着是一道使含有增强纤维组合物稳定化的处理工序。
当进行填充工序时，将如此构成的容器放置在纤维卷绕机上，借助于纤维卷绕机将预先用光交联组合物浸渍的玻璃纤维芯填充在圆柱形内护套部的外空腔（凹陷）部分。纤维的体积比约为50%。
如此获得的容器当时经受含有增强纤维的光交联组合物的稳定化处理。
在该制造法的特定情况下，稳定化处理持续约5分钟，这由产生紫外线辐射的光源作用所致，直到获得所述光交联组合物的交联为止。
此稳定化处理是当罐被置于卷绕机上而进行的。
纵向加强作业按下述方法进行。
将容器重新置于同一卷绕机上，借助于卷绕机沉积一层预先用苯乙烯-异丙烯-苯乙烯类型的局部氢化的热塑弹性体浸渍0.2毫米厚度的芳族聚酰胺（Kevlar凯夫拉尔，商名，美国制或Twaron），由此而沉积的纤维芯是通过添加几滴弹性体的溶剂而粘合在容器的两端。此溶剂是三氯乙烯。
所有其他可确保中止纤维芯沉积的可靠手段是可以采用的。
人们可能为添加辅助保护作用而将如此构成的容器放置在例如由瓦楞纸板构成的集装箱内，以及将在火灾情况下具有良好反应特性的泡沫塑料（例如，以酚醛树脂为基的组合物或所有其他能满足同样功能的材料）填充在集装箱和容器之间的空隙内。
作为与现有技术的对比要素，如此构成的容器具的质量为0.7公斤，相当于具有相同容量且在破坏压强下仍然保持其相同耐久性的惯常容器质量（6公斤）的1/8左右。
在另一制造容器方法的实施方案中，按照前述法国专利申请EN-90/05，507描述的技术，使用预先加工成波形的不锈钢管，人们将相同材料的半球或椭圆形底座焊接在此波形管上，底座是位于由内护套的波形圆柱体部分构成的套环（管接头）两端。用于该方法的焊接装置是已知的，将不加以描述。底座的厚度约1毫米。
如上述说明相同的方式，圆周加强作业包含一道波纹度空腔（凹点）的填充工序，继之是一道含有增强纤维的组合物的稳定化处理工序。
为填充波纹度空腔（凹点），将如此构成的容器放置在一台卷绕机上，以便将可热固的玻璃纤维的环氧树脂按体积比率为50%/50%的预浸渍料填充在波形内护套的凹槽或外空腔内。
如此获得的容器将经受硬化处理。
在制造容器方法的明确条件下，硬化处理在于将此结构放置在温度为90℃的烘箱中达1小时之久，继之在温度为140℃下放置1小时。
纵向加强作业按下述方法展现。
将经冷却后的制品重新放置在前述卷绕机上。于是通过极绕组而放置芳族聚酰胺芯，换言之，使纵向加强件围绕容器两极而通过，从而确保能耐受起因于压力的纵向应力。
人们也可放置起纵向加强件作用的编织层。
作为与现有技术的对比要素，如此构成的容器具有2.1公斤的质量，相当于具有相同容量且在破坏压强下保持相同耐久性的传统容器质量（6公斤）的1/3左右。此容器的压碎压力大于0.6兆帕。
如同前述制造方法的方式，如此获得的容器可由瓦楞纸板制的集装箱和在火灾时具有良好反应性能的材料构成的附加保护装置所包围。
另一实现该贮存罐制造的方法，就是在圆周加强作业时，用2毫米宽和0.35毫米厚的浸渍有聚酰胺12的玻璃纤维带替代前述的玻璃纤维环氧树脂预浸渍料。
在上述情况下，含有增强纤维组合物的稳定化处理在于将如此获得的制品通过265℃温度下的热空气流，长度足以使树脂熔化深度约达0.01毫米。热空气流将轻轻触及原已放置在安放点上游的波形护套部的外空腔部分中的复合材料表面，以使已放置的复合材料表面被稍微熔化或十分接近于熔化温度。如此放置的纤维带将在已放置就位的安放处的熔合，且提供给加强件一种优良的内聚性能，然而，纤维带不能粘附在金属波形护套上，这是由于为粘附而所需热量不足够的原因，但却足以使树脂可与护套形状正确地贴合，由此，使对应于压力的局部应力恢复到平均应力值，使用处于液态的可硬化复合材料可自然地获得上述结果。
本发明不局限于使用特定的可热硬化树脂。人们可以例如将树脂和其硬化剂混合以浸渍用于填充波形管外空腔（凹陷）部分的长丝，继而将其加热。人们也可以用预先浸渍有加硫胶乳的长丝填充波形部分并实现硫化作用。
人们也可使用甲醛-苯酚树脂，三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂，脲-甲醛树脂，环氧树脂，聚酯树脂或乙烯基酯树脂或醇酸树脂，或将由增强纤维和热塑性可熔纤维混合物构成的纤维芯或将由充配有热塑性可熔树脂粉剂的增强纤维构成的纤维芯放置在波形管空腔（凹陷）部分内，接着，经卷绕后，进行热处理，以取得热塑性树脂的熔化，然而进行冷却以确保整体的硬化。
同样有可能借助于例如恰好处于安放点前面的吹管，重新加热含有增强纤维和可熔树脂的芯，以便在安置浸渍芯前，恰好使树脂熔化。随后的热处理那时是无用的。圆周加强朝容器的轴向是间断的，而且圆周加强与纵向加强是无关的，这一事实避免了微裂纹现象。
在所有前述方法中，使用热塑性基质的复合材料可具有在卷绕后省略补充稳定化作业的优点，这种稳定作用可通过在绕组本身进行过程中的冷却而实现。

Claims (16)

1、贮存处于压力下的流体用容器包括由波形圆柱区(2)分隔的、且与圆柱壳体接合的两底座(3，4)构成的内护套，所述底座至少配有一个孔和闭合装置或由例如位于所述底座上的一塞头或一阀门与外部连通的装置(5，6)，以及抗纵向拉力设施(7)，其特征在于所述圆柱区内护套含有若干波纹度，所述圆柱区的波具有圆周状或小节距的螺旋形，所述内护套的波形外空腔(波纹度的外凹点)(2a，2b)内填充一种含有增强纤维的组合物，以及其特征在于除了底座的孔之外，抗纵向拉力设施(7)被放置在容器的整个外部结构上。
2、按照权利要求1的容器，其特征在于组合物是环氧树脂或热固性树脂或热交联树脂。
3、按照权利要求1的容器，其特征在于抗纵向拉力设施是按极性或长节距螺旋方式卷绕的纤维和/或被安放在容器外结构上的编织层。
4、贮存处于压力下的流体用容器的制造方法，其特征在于：
（a）容器内护套的实现是通过两个半球形或椭圆形底座以及通过含有若干圆周波纹度的圆柱区所构成。
（b）将含有纤维增强的可稳定树脂的组合物填充在容器的显然是圆柱形的波状内护套部的外空腔（外凹点）部分上，至少占其高度H的一部分。
（c）使如此加强的容器，至少其长度的一部分上经受处理，以便让可稳定组合物稳定化。
（d）除了底座的孔之外，将纵向加强件放置在按圆周方向如此加强的容器的整个外部结构上。
5、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于工序（a）可以通过可挤压材料在模具中的吹气挤压成形而进行，模具壁由含有若干圆周波和半球形或椭圆形底座的圆柱区所构成。
6、按照权利要求5的方法，其特征在于可挤压材料是热塑性材料。
7、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于工序（a）可通过固定装置将椭圆或半球形底座固定在波形圆柱区的两端，底座的两端各具有孔以限定容器的内护套。
8、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于树脂是光交联树脂，稳定化是使整个树脂经受产生紫外线辐射的光源的作用而实现的。
9、按照权利要求4的方法，其中树脂是热交联树脂，按照可形成交联的条件下，整个树脂是保持处于稳定阶段。
10、按照权利要求4的方法，其中树脂是热固性树脂，稳定化是通过将全部树脂加热到可使树脂硬化的温度。
11、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于纵向加强件是由浸渍有热塑弹性体的芳族聚酰胺芯构成，芯的两端通过粘合点而固定在容器的两极。
12、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于完成工序（d）后，喷射热塑弹性体溶液以构成一保护层。
13、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征在于当进行纵向加强作业前，将由所述树脂基本上不渗透入的材料所构成的护套覆盖在填充有纤维增强可硬化组合物的软管上，以便将此护套显然地保持在波形管的所述外空腔（凹陷）部分。
14、按照权利要求13的方法，其特征在于稳定化处理与卷绕是同时进行的。
15、按照权利要求4～14之一的方法，其中至少在容器的一端配置有可与外界连通的装置或密封闭合装置。
16、按照权利要求4～14之一的方法，其中容器被放置在一防护壳内。
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EP0487374A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
ES2074243T3 (es) 1995-09-01
CA2055808A1 (fr) 1992-05-20
EP0487374B1 (fr) 1995-04-26
US5375735A (en) 1994-12-27
BR9104992A (pt) 1992-06-23
DE69109244D1 (de) 1995-06-01
US5556601A (en) 1996-09-17
FR2669396A1 (fr) 1992-05-22
FR2669396B1 (fr) 1997-05-09
DE69109244T2 (de) 1995-08-31
DK0487374T3 (da) 1995-07-03
ATE121828T1 (de) 1995-05-15
JPH05164295A (ja) 1993-06-29
CN1032083C (zh) 1996-06-19

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