CN106163263A - Culture apparatus and cultural method - Google Patents

Culture apparatus and cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106163263A
CN106163263A CN201580016337.4A CN201580016337A CN106163263A CN 106163263 A CN106163263 A CN 106163263A CN 201580016337 A CN201580016337 A CN 201580016337A CN 106163263 A CN106163263 A CN 106163263A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
culture fluid
base portion
reservoir
culture
framework
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201580016337.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106163263B (en
Inventor
池口直树
马场将人
中井龙资
松尾圭郎
松尾圭一郎
深川大志
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Yanmar Green System Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Publication of CN106163263A publication Critical patent/CN106163263A/en
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Publication of CN106163263B publication Critical patent/CN106163263B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • A01G27/003—Controls for self-acting watering devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • A01G27/005—Reservoirs connected to flower-pots through conduits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • A01G27/02—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

The culture apparatus of the present invention comprises: be configured to keep the cultivation base portion of crop；With the culture fluid feed mechanism being configured to described cultivation base portion supply culture fluid, wherein said cultivation base portion is comprised the filler particles in framework, described framework and is supplied the region of described culture fluid by capillarity, and described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by described filler particles.

Description

Culture apparatus and cultural method
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture apparatus and cultural method.
Background technology
The soil cultivation of crop causes various problem, as the infringement caused by continuous cropping, caused by pan soil root elongation press down Undergrowth and the yield caused by insect or soil deterioration of the whole crop made and cause reduce.In recent years, as solution The cultural method of these problems, hydroponics has had been subjected to pay close attention to, and has had been developed for various system.
In general, hydroponics is by the case of not using any culture medium, is directly immersed by the root of plant Culture fluid is carried out.In order to avoid the root rot of plant, existing hydroponics needs by supplying substantial amounts of oxygen to root Carry out.Therefore, with oxygen supply structure such as diffuser or can along with culture fluid circulation conveying air culture fluid circulating pump To root for oxygen supply (seeing Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-9644 publication).
Prior art literature
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-9644 publication
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
But, existing culture apparatus is insufficient for oxygen supply, and also the shortcoming that the maintenance cost with such as system is high.
In the hydroponics that root immerses culture fluid, the glut of water causes the water content of the crop that will gather in the crops to increase Greatly, this may make taste deteriorate.In order to keep or promote the taste of crop, it is known that apply water stress such as drought stress or Osmotic stress thus improve pol.However, it is necessary to the culture apparatus of suitable water stress can more stably be applied.
It addition, existing soil cultivation needs substantial amounts of soil.Therefore, the soil of the biggest quality is used.This hinders Such as set up farmland on cultivating stand (enough).When farmland has differing heights, level land and need big workload and recruit Cause high cost.
In these cases, the present invention is completed.It is an object of the invention to provide and crop stably can be applied suitably Water stress, with low cost the root of crop can be supplied sufficient oxygen thus avoid root rot and and soil cultivation Compare culture apparatus and the cultural method of the usage amount that can reduce soil.
Technical scheme
In order to realize this target, complete the present invention.The culture apparatus of an embodiment of the invention comprises and is configured to Keep cultivating base portion and being configured to the culture fluid feed mechanism to described cultivation base portion supply culture fluid of crop, wherein said Cultivate base portion comprise the filler particles in framework, described framework and supplied the region of described culture fluid by capillarity, Described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by described filler particles.
The cultural method of an embodiment of the invention includes to the cultivation base portion supply culture fluid keeping crop, wherein Described cultivation base portion is comprised the filler particles in framework, framework and is supplied the region of described culture fluid by capillarity, Described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by described filler particles, and by described region to described work Thing supplies described culture fluid.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The culture apparatus of embodiments of the present invention and cultural method can stably apply the suitable moisture side of body to crop Compel, with low cost the root of crop can be supplied sufficient oxygen thus avoid root rot and can compared with soil cultivation Reduce the usage amount of soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the culture apparatus of first embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the culture apparatus of second embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is to represent the yield in the evaluation cultivating base unit weight and the figure of pol.
[Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is the layout of explanation basin framework (Port ッ ト body) in having the evaluation in farmland of differing heights Schematic plan view.
[Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is the figure of the variations in temperature representing temperature indoor air temperature, reservoir liquid temperature and cultivation base temperature.
Label declaration
1 culture apparatus
2 cultivate base portion
3 reservoir
4 frameworks
5 filler particles
6 culture fluid supply areas
7 liquor charging portions
8 permeable barrier sheets
9a the first flashing
9b the second flashing
11 moisture transducers
12 wawter tension sensors
13 controllers
14 supply pipes
20 culture fluid feed mechanisms
21 water level salinity governor motions
31 culture apparatus
32 cultivate base portion
33 reservoir
34 frameworks
35 filler particles
36 culture fluid supply areas
37 platforms
38 water level governor motions
39 water-level gauges
40 controllers
41 supply pipes
42 thermometeies
43 heaters
50 farmlands
51a the first basin framework
51b the second basin framework
51c the 3rd basin framework
P crop
Detailed description of the invention
[details of embodiments of the present invention]
The culture apparatus of an embodiment of the invention comprise be configured to keep the cultivation base portion of crop and be configured to Cultivating the culture fluid feed mechanism of base portion supply culture fluid, wherein said cultivation base portion comprises the filler particles in framework, framework With by the region by capillarity supply culture fluid, described region is provided at least in the layer formed by filler particles In layer portion.
In this culture apparatus, cultivate base portion and comprise the filler particles in framework, framework and be configured to show that capillary tube is made In order to culture fluid to be supplied to the region in cultivation base portion, described region is provided at least in the layer formed by filler particles In layer portion.As a result, it is possible to avoid the oversupply of culture fluid, and the root of crop stably can be applied suitable moisture Coerce.The gas phase being had by the region of capillarity supply culture fluid, more than liquid phase, therefore has highly-breathable.Cause This, even if there be no oxygen supply structure, it is also possible to effectively suppresses the root rot caused due to anoxia.Thus, it is possible to reduce Equipment cost and running cost.With show in this region capillary amount use fill framework such as soil Grain.Therefore, compared with conventional soil cultivation, can significantly reduce the amount of the soil of use, this makes it possible to reduce cultivates base portion Weight.Therefore, it can set up farmland on the cultivating stand formed by the inexpensive materials of such as pitch tube, and pass through cultivating stand Regulation can be easily adjusted the differing heights in farmland.Herein, " water stress " refers to such as owing to crop is exposed to low Humidity and the drought stress that causes and the infiltration side of body caused due to the hyperosmosis that caused by the high salinity environment around crop Compel.
Culture fluid feed mechanism preferably comprises the reservoir being configured to store culture fluid and is arranged on cultivation base portion and storage Liquor charging portion between portion；And liquor charging portion is preferably constructed in and is supplied the culture fluid in reservoir to training by capillarity The bottom of the granule in foster base portion.Described culture fluid feed mechanism comprises such reservoir and liquor charging portion so that even if when training When foster base portion and reservoir are isolated from each other, it is also possible to be to easily and reliably supplied to culture fluid cultivate in base portion.It addition, store The culture fluid in portion is by the bottom by capillarity supply to the granule cultivated in base portion so that from reservoir to cultivating base portion One direction supply culture fluid.As a result, it is possible to prevent disease by storing water horizontal transmission.
System preferably comprises the water level or the mechanism of salinity being configured to regulate the culture fluid in reservoir.By the most permissible The water level of the culture fluid in regulation reservoir or salinity, can control drought stress or the infiltration side of body that the root to crop applies Compel.Therefore, it can improve further the pol of the crop that will gather in the crops.
System preferably comprises the thermoregulation mechanism being configured to regulate the temperature of the culture fluid in reservoir.By so adjusting The temperature of the culture fluid in joint reservoir, can regulate the temperature of culture medium to the temperature being suitable to plant growth.It addition, by training The running cost that the temperature regulation of nutrient solution causes is less than the running cost of the air-conditioning etc. of climate comfort.Therefore, with enter with air-conditioning etc. The conventional temperature regulation of row is compared, can be with the temperature of low cost regulation culture medium.It addition, the temperature of culture medium with culture fluid The closely-related mode of temperature change.Therefore, the temperature of easily dimmable culture medium.
Framework is preferably containing at least as permeable barrier sheet of bottom.At least saturating as bottom is comprised by such framework Water root barrier sheet, is possible to prevent the root cultivating the crop in base portion to immerse reservoir.As a result, it is possible to more effectively realize root rot Prevent the applying with water stress.Furthermore it is possible to prevent the pollution of reservoir.
Described granule is preferably soil.When such granule is soil, filler particles the middle level portion of the layer formed is permissible More reliable and effectively show capillarity.As a result, it is possible to more effectively realize preventing of root rot and executing of water stress Add.
Soil is preferably sand.When so sand being used as soil, in the middle level portion of the layer formed by filler particles, The gas phase ratio to liquid phase can be improved further, oxygen supply ability can be effectively improved.It addition, with soil phase ratio, having of sand The content of machine thing is low and to live in the quantity of microorganism therein few, is therefore less likely to occur root disease.Therefore, it can omit or letter Change the circulating filtration to culture fluid required in such as hydroponics to process and the sterilization of culture apparatus.It addition, sand is physico Learn stable in properties.Therefore, even if use sand to be also not easy to cause the infringement caused by continuous cropping throughout the year, and sand can connect Continuous use；And also it is less likely to occur root disease.It addition, because having with other compared with soil of crumb structure, sand has list Grain structure, so sand has the uniform diffusibility of high capillary repeatability and high water, this makes moisture regulate Transfiguration is easy.As a result, it is possible to the crop of low cost cultivating high quality.Here, " sand " refers to such as keep in hole capillary The deposit not consolidating fragment of Guan Shui, the most a diameter of more than 0.01mm and the clast of below 2mm.
The layer formed by filler particles preferably has the capillary rise height of more than 3cm and below 300cm.By such Capillary rise height, can improve the degree of freedom of system design, and also can improve the workability (property made) of farm work.
Described granule preferably comprises the individual particle that particle diameter is more than 0.1mm and below 1mm of more than 50 mass %.Work as granule When having the feature that, described middle level portion more effectively shows the gas phase ratio to liquid phase in capillarity, and middle level portion Improving further, this makes it possible to the root rot more effectively suppressing to cause due to anoxia.Here, " particle diameter " is by as follows The mean diameter of the granule obtained: by the sieve of regulation in JIS-Z8801-1 (2006) by the order of screen size reduction by suitable The screen size of pellet through sieves and the granule number from sieve and each sieve is calculated by sequence.
Granule preferably has 1.00g/cm3Above and 3.00g/cm3Following tap density.When granule has such In the range of tap density time, middle level portion can more effectively show capillarity, and can improve in middle level further The gas phase in the portion ratio to liquid phase, thus more effectively suppress the root rot caused due to anoxia.Here, " tap density " is Refer to the bulk density of powder, and be the value measured according to JIS-Z2512 (2012).
The cultural method of another embodiment of the invention includes to the cultivation base portion supply culture fluid keeping crop, its Described in cultivate base portion comprise the filler particles in framework, framework and by by capillarity supply culture fluid region, institute State in the middle level portion of the layer that region is provided at least at being formed by filler particles, and cultivated to crop supply by described region Liquid.
According to described cultural method, from by the capillarity supply training of the layer by being formed by the filler particles in framework The region of nutrient solution supplies culture fluid to crop.It can thus be avoided the oversupply of culture fluid and can be to the root of crop Stably apply suitable water stress.It addition, be more than by the gas phase being had by the region of capillarity supply culture fluid Liquid phase, therefore has highly-breathable.Therefore, even if there be no oxygen supply structure, it is also possible to fully by oxygen supply to crop Root, thus effectively suppress root rot.It addition, in described cultural method, to show capillarity in this region Amount use the granule of such as soil filling framework.Therefore, compared with conventional soil cultivation, making of soil can be significantly reduced Consumption, this makes it possible to reduce the weight cultivating base portion.Therefore, described cultural method makes it possible to by such as pitch tube just Set up farmland on the cultivating stand that preferably material is formed, and the different high of farmland can be easily adjusted by the regulation of cultivating stand Degree.
[details of embodiments of the present invention]
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings the culture apparatus of embodiments of the present invention is described in detail.
[the first embodiment]
Culture apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 1 mainly comprises the cultivation base portion 2 being configured to keep crop P and is configured to cultivation Base portion 2 supplies the culture fluid feed mechanism 20 of culture fluid.Cultivate base portion 2 to comprise framework 4, fill filler particles 5 and of framework 4 By the culture fluid supply area 6 by capillarity supply culture fluid, region 6 is provided at least at being formed by filler particles 5 Layer middle level portion in.Culture fluid feed mechanism 20 comprises the reservoir 3 being configured to store culture fluid, and is configured to culture fluid The liquor charging portion 7 of the bottom of the filler particles 5 in base portion 2 is extremely cultivated in supply.Culture apparatus 1 also comprise be configured to regulate reservoir 3 The water level of interior culture fluid and the water level salinity governor motion 21 of salinity, permeable barrier sheet the 8, first flashing 9a and second are waterproof Sheet 9b.
<cultivation base portion>
Cultivate base portion 2 comprise framework 4, the filler particles 5 filling framework 4 and supplied culture fluid by capillarity Culture fluid supply area 6, described region 6 is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by filler particles 5.Cultivate base portion 2 for being configured to keep the part of crop P.
(framework)
Framework 4 keeps filler particles 5 and also prevents the root of crop P from arriving the outside of framework 4.
Framework 4 is for there being bottom tube-like body.Framework 4 is not particularly limited in terms of flat shape；From the viewpoint of transport, flat Face is preferably shaped to be capable of the shape of stacking, more preferably circle.The bottom of framework 4 is made up of permeable barrier sheet 8.Pass through The most at least bottom of framework 4 is made up of permeable barrier sheet 8, is possible to prevent the root cultivating the crop P in base portion 2 to immerse storage Deposit in portion 3.
By the way, in addition to the bottom of framework 4, the sidepiece of framework 4 and top can also be by permeable barrier sheet 8 structures Become.But, from the viewpoint of improving the water-retaining property cultivating base portion 2, the most only bottom surface is made up of permeable barrier sheet 8.
The lower limit of the mean inside diameter of framework 4 is preferably 6cm, more preferably 9cm.On the other hand, the mean inside diameter of framework 4 The upper limit is preferably 23cm, more preferably 15cm.When the mean inside diameter of framework 4 is less than described lower limit, the root of crop P can not fill Dividing and spread, this may cause undergrowth.On the contrary, when the mean inside diameter of framework 4 is more than the described upper limit, cultivating base portion 2 may There is excessive quality.By the way, " mean inside diameter " refers to have identical with the area of the interior shape of framework 4 (vertical view) The diameter of the circle (positive round conversion diameter) of area meansigma methods in the short transverse of framework 4.
Framework 4 is not particularly limited in terms of the material of part beyond (permeable barrier sheet 8) bottom being formed；Described material Example include that there is breathability and the paper of water penetration and flaky resin.Flaky resin can be to weave cotton cloth or non-woven fabrics；Especially, Preferably porous resin film, more preferably by stretching the porous resin film that the film of the fluororesin of such as politef manufactures.
Permeable barrier sheet 8 can be provided only on the bottom surface portions of framework 4；It addition, as shown in FIG. 1, sheet 8 can also set Put in the region beyond framework 4 in plan view.It is arranged such the permeable barrier sheet 8 with water penetration so that providing such as The conveying of culture fluid is not suppressed while waterproof, interception.By the way, the bottom of framework 4 can be bonded to permeable Barrier sheet 8；Or, framework 4 can be positioned on permeable barrier sheet 8.
Permeable barrier sheet 8 is not particularly limited in terms of material；The example of material includes paper and weaves cotton cloth.
The lower limit of the average thickness of permeable barrier sheet 8 is preferably 0.1mm, more preferably 0.2mm.On the other hand, permeable The upper limit of the average thickness of barrier sheet 8 is preferably 5mm, more preferably 3mm.When the average thickness of permeable barrier sheet 8 is less than under described In limited time, it may not be possible to fully stop root.On the contrary, when the average thickness of permeable barrier sheet 8 exceedes the described upper limit, permeable barrier sheet The cost of 8 may be too high.
(granule)
Middle level portion and the lower layer part of the layer formed by the filler particles 5 filling framework 4 are comprised in display capillarity Culture fluid supply area 6 in.Filler particles 5 is not particularly limited, as long as the layer display capillary tube formed by filling is made With.The example of granule 5 includes soil, fine Pumex such as pumice sand, the pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, coral Coral sand, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye and Linesless charcoal；And two or more in these can be used in mixed way.Wherein, from substantially ensuring that capillary tube is made With and not in use by soil can revert to natural soils from the viewpoint of, filler particles 5 is preferably soil.
The example of soil include commercially available horticultural gardening substrate, Vermiculitum, bentonite, zeolite, sand, deer natural pond beautiful soil native, red and Weathered granite (true sand).Wherein, preferred sand.Sand is used as soil and is capable of further to the ratio of liquid phase of gas phase Improving, this is effectively improved oxygen supply ability.As a result, even if there be no oxygen supply mechanism, it is also possible to effectively suppress owing to lacking Oxygen and the root rot that causes.It addition, compared with common cultivation substrate, the organic content of sand is low and lives in therein micro- Biomass is few so that root disease is less likely to occur.
About the individual particle of filler particles 5, particle diameter limit is preferably 0.1mm, more preferably 0.15mm.On the other hand, grain The upper limit in footpath is preferably 1mm, more preferably 0.6mm.When particle diameter is less than described lower limit, culture fluid supply area 6 is likely to be of Too small amount of hole, this may cause excessive moisture, and the probability growing unwanted microorganism (bacterium) is high.On the contrary, When particle diameter is more than the described upper limit, culture fluid supply area 6 was likely to be of substantial amounts of hole, and this may cause capillarity Not enough so that the culture fluid of scheduled volume can not to be supplied to root.
In filler particles 5, particle diameter is that the lower limit of the content of the individual particle of more than 0.1mm and below 1mm is preferably 50 matter Amount %, more preferably 80 mass %.When the content of individual particle is less than described lower limit, culture fluid supply area 6 may show not The capillarity of foot so that the culture fluid of scheduled volume can not be supplied to root.
About the granule of filler particles 5, the lower limit of tap density is preferably 1.00g/cm3, more preferably 1.65g/cm3, enter One step is preferably 1.70g/cm3.On the other hand, the upper limit of the tap density of granule is preferably 3.00g/cm3, more preferably 1.85g/cm3, more preferably 1.83g/cm3.When the tap density of granule is less than described lower limit, culture fluid supply area 6 Being likely to be of substantial amounts of hole, this may cause capillarity not enough so that can not be supplied extremely by the culture fluid of scheduled volume Root.On the contrary, when the tap density of granule is more than the described upper limit, culture fluid supply area 6 is likely to be of too small amount of hole, This may cause excessive moisture, and the probability growing unwanted microorganism is high.
About the layer formed by filler particles 5, the lower limit of capillary rise height is preferably 3cm, and more preferably 10cm enters one Step is preferably 20cm.On the other hand, about the layer formed by filler particles 5, the upper limit of capillary rise height is preferably 300cm, More preferably 200cm, more preferably 40cm.Prepare in the way of capillary rise height meets such scope by filling The layer that grain 5 is formed, thus improve the degree of freedom of system design, and also improve the workability of farm work.When being formed by filler particles 5 Layer time there is the capillary rise height less than described lower limit, it may not be possible to by the root of culture fluid supply to crop P, this causes Crop P undergrowth.On the contrary, when the layer formed by filler particles 5 has the capillary rise height more than the described upper limit, may It is difficult to root is applied water stress.
By the way, capillary rise height (m) h, the wherein surface tension (N/m) of culture fluid are obtained by following formula (1) Being represented by T, the contact angle (°) of culture fluid is represented by θ, the density (kg/m of culture fluid3) represented by ρ, gravity (m/s2) represented by g, And 10 mass % particle diameter (m) of filler particles 5 are represented by r.Here, " 10 mass % particle diameter " refers to according to JIS-A1204 (2009) " test method of soil grades distribution ", from what particle-size accumulation curve read by the quality percentage of granule be Particle diameter D (10% particle diameter D when 10%10)。
H=2Tcos θ/ρ gr (1)
In single framework 4, in culture fluid supply area 6, from the bottom surface of framework 4, height is the position of 0cm, training The lower limit of the mean flow rate of nutrient solution is preferably 0.2L/ hour, more preferably 0.3L/ hour.When the mean flow rate of culture fluid is less than During described lower limit, the absorption speed needed for crop P may be unsatisfactory for, and crop P may be dead because of hydropenia.By the way, Mean flow rate is passing through of the culture fluid of their the culture fluid supply area 6 of arrival, bottom surface of the framework 4 independent by more than 5 The meansigma methods of the measured value of amount (L).
When the mean flow rate of culture fluid is sufficiently high in culture fluid supply area 6, exists in culture fluid supply area 6 and make The absorption speed of thing P is equal to or less than the point of mean flow rate.Therefore, crop P absorbs water (water suction in this case without restriction Amount is referred to as day maximum water absorption).In this condition, along with the water level of the liquid level of reservoir 3 described later slowly declines, water supplies Speed is gradually lowered, and this causes the restriction (water absorption in this case is referred to as day limiting water absorption) to water suction.In cultivation In device 1, water absorption can from day water consumption approximate calculation, and can be limited to desired by the day water absorption of crop P Ratio.Even if when the mean flow rate of culture fluid is restricted, water supply also continues to.Therefore, with the situation limiting water quantity delivered Compare, cultivate base portion 2 and be not easy to be dried so that root is not easy to damage.The cultivation caused due to the restriction of water feed speed The decline of the water maintenance dose of base portion 2 can also be measured based on the decline of the weight cultivating base portion 2.Therefore, manager is permissible Water management is carried out in the case of the moisture transducer not having costliness.
The lower limit of the packed height of filler particles 5 is preferably 1cm, more preferably 3cm, more preferably 5cm.The opposing party Face, the upper limit of the packed height of filler particles 5 is preferably 50cm, more preferably 30cm, more preferably 15cm.When filling When the packed height of grain 5 is less than described lower limit, the root of crop P may destroy the capillary pipe structure of culture fluid supply area 6, this Undergrowth may be caused.On the contrary, when the packed height of filler particles 5 is more than the described upper limit, cultivates base portion 2 and be likely to be of Big quality.
In culture fluid supply area 6, the lower limit of the water maintenance dose of culture fluid is preferably 0.04L, and more preferably 0.05L enters one Step is preferably 0.10L.On the other hand, in culture fluid supply area 6, the upper limit of the water maintenance dose of culture fluid is preferably 2L, more preferably For 1.5L, more preferably 0.6L.When in culture fluid supply area 6, the water maintenance dose of culture fluid is less than described lower limit, by Cause in the fault of such as culture apparatus 1 is likely to result in, for the failure fed water, the high wind that crop P all damages from reservoir 3 Danger.On the contrary, when the water maintenance dose of culture fluid is more than the described upper limit, cultivates base portion 2 and be likely to be of big quality, or may be difficult To regulate water maintenance dose.By the way, by obtaining water maintenance dose as follows: from the quality cultivating base portion 2 of water hold mode Deduct the quality cultivating base portion 2 of drying regime, and income value is scaled volume.
<culture fluid feed mechanism>
Culture fluid feed mechanism 20 comprises the reservoir 3 being configured to store culture fluid and is arranged on cultivation base portion 2 and stores Liquor charging portion 7 between portion 3.
(liquor charging portion)
Liquor charging portion 7 is flat member.Liquor charging portion 7 is arranged between cultivation base portion 2 and reservoir 3 so that the one of liquor charging portion 7 It is partly submerged in reservoir 3 described later.Liquor charging portion 7 promotes the culture fluid in reservoir 3 with by permeable by capillarity Root barrier sheet 8 is by the bottom of culture fluid supply to the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2.Culture fluid feed mechanism 20 comprises liquor charging portion 7；As a result, even if when cultivating base portion 2 and being isolated from each other with reservoir 3, it is also possible to easily and reliably culture fluid to be supplied to training Support in base portion 2.
Liquor charging portion 7 is not particularly limited, as long as it can promote culture fluid to be supplied by culture fluid by capillarity Bottom to filler particles 5.The example in liquor charging portion 7 includes non-woven fabrics, rock wool sheet, felt and urethane film.Wherein, from aobvious From the viewpoint of showing suitable capillarity and realizing suitable absorption speed, preferably non-woven fabrics.
The lower limit of the permeability rate in liquor charging portion 7 is preferably 0.01%, and more preferably 1%.On the other hand, liquor charging portion 7 is permeable The upper limit of property is preferably 40%, and more preferably 30%.When the permeability rate in liquor charging portion 7 is less than described lower limit, it is supplied to cultivate The amount of the culture fluid of the bottom of the filler particles 5 of base portion 2 may be not enough.On the contrary, when the permeability rate in liquor charging portion 7 is more than the described upper limit Time, liquor charging portion 7 and the culture apparatus 1 obtained may cause too high cost.Here, as the liquor charging portion 7 of flat piece Permeability rate refers to that the aqueous phase being delivered to the back side is for being sprayed at the ratio of the water on front.
The lower limit of the average thickness in liquor charging portion 7 is preferably 0.5mm, more preferably 0.7mm.On the other hand, liquor charging portion 7 is flat All upper limits of thickness are preferably 2mm, more preferably 1.5mm.When the average thickness in liquor charging portion 7 is less than described lower limit, liquor charging portion 7 Being likely to be of low intensity, this may cause rupturing.On the contrary, when the average thickness in liquor charging portion 7 is more than the described upper limit, liquor charging portion 7 may cause high cost.
The lower limit of the water level promoted by liquor charging portion 7 is preferably 3cm, more preferably 10cm, more preferably 20cm.Another Aspect, liquor charging portion 7 upper limit of the water level promoted is preferably 300cm, more preferably 200cm, more preferably 40cm.When by When the water level that liquor charging portion 7 promotes is less than described lower limit, it is supplied to the culture fluid of the bottom of the filler particles 5 of cultivation base portion 2 Amount may be not enough, causes hydropenia.On the contrary, when the water level promoted by liquor charging portion 7 is more than the described upper limit, liquor charging portion 7 may cause High cost.Here, measure the water level of lifting in the following manner.First, liquor charging portion 7 being cut into width is 4cm and a length of 120cm Sheet.(described film has carried out hot press thus has had bag-shaped to cover this sheet with the polyethylene film that average thickness is 0.03mm；Will Described insert in film thus tunicle around and over) with formation determination sample.Mensuration sample is arranged and makes on the top of the shelf to hang down Straight suspension.Now, make the upper and lower of sample each expose 5cm, and sample is set to the surface with liquid contacts.Survey The water level promoted relative to liquid level after fixed 5 times 24 hours, and the meansigma methods of measured value is defined as the water level promoted.
(reservoir)
Reservoir 3 is made up of the non-permeable accumulator tank being configured to holding culture fluid.Reservoir 3 is set to and culture medium Portion 2 separates.Specifically, reservoir 3 is arranged on the lower section of cultivation base portion 2 and is not weighing with cultivation base portion 2 in plan view Folded region.Reservoir 3 is arranged in such region so that the root that can be more reliably prevented from crop P enters reservoir 3 In, and single reservoir 3 can be shared by multiple cultivation base portions 2.By the way, the accumulator tank of reservoir 3 has opening Top is so that the supply transfiguration of culture fluid is easy；And it is provided with the second flashing 9b in the bottom surface of groove and side to prevent culture fluid Reveal.First flashing 9a and the second flashing 9b can be formed by single.
The part in liquor charging portion 7 immerses in reservoir 3, and by liquor charging portion 7, culture fluid supply is extremely cultivated base portion 2 The bottom of filler particles 5.By culture fluid with from reservoir 3 to the one direction supply cultivating base portion 2, thus prevent in hydroponics The disease occurred is by storing water horizontal transmission.
The culture fluid being maintained in reservoir 3 preferably comprises fertilizer.From suppressing unwanted micro-life reservoir 3 From the viewpoint of the breeding of thing, fertilizer preferably comprises chemical fertilizer.By the way, fertilizer can be added to culture fluid, also Can be directly placed in cultivation base portion 2.
Preferably with the light obstructing member top shading to reservoir 3.The example of light obstructing member includes permeable barrier sheet 8 and first Flashing 9a.By like this to reservoir 3 shading, the breeding of algae in reservoir 3 can be suppressed.It addition, at culture apparatus 1 In, it is maintained at the culture fluid in reservoir 3 and does not directly contact with the root of crop P.Such feature makes the reservoir 3 can synergistically It is maintained at clean conditions.Therefore, even if can also suppress unwanted in culture fluid in the case of not carrying out filtration treatment The breeding of microorganism.
<flashing>
First flashing 9a is arranged on permeable barrier sheet 8 and liquor charging in the region beyond the region cultivated set by base portion 2 The upper surface side in portion 7.Such as, the first flashing 9a prevents the evaporation of culture fluid, and prevents the culture fluid etc. spilt from entering storage Deposit portion 3.As it has been described above, the first flashing 9a can also play the function of light obstructing member.
Second flashing 9b is arranged on permeable barrier sheet 8, liquor charging portion 7 and the lower face side of reservoir 3.Such as, sheet 9b will Culture apparatus 1 is isolated with earth's surface, thus prevents the culture fluid spilt from permeating the ground.
First flashing 9a and the second flashing 9b is not particularly limited, as long as they stop water and the root of crop P. The example of these sheets includes polyolefin film, fluororesin film and biodegradable plastic film.
<water level salinity governor motion>
Water level salinity governor motion 21 comprises the moisture transducer 11 and water being embedded in the filler particles 5 cultivating base portion 2 Partial-tension sensor 12 and be configured to measured value based on these sensors regulation and be added and supply to the culture fluid of reservoir 3 Amount and the controller 13 of salinity.
Moisture transducer 11 measures the moisture cultivating base portion 2.Wawter tension sensor 12 measures between filler particles 5 Wawter tension.Controller 13 controls to pass through based on the wawter tension between moisture and the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2 Supply pipe 14 is supplied to the amount water level with the culture fluid of regulation reservoir 3 of the culture fluid of reservoir 3, thus executes crop P Add suitable drought stress.In reservoir 3, the water level of culture fluid rises or falls the training made it possible to after regulating capillary rise Support the liquid level in base portion 2.Therefore, the thus water level of culture fluid in regulation reservoir 3, thus the arid side of body is applied for increasing pol Compel.This can promote the taste of crop P.
In existing hydroponics, it is difficult to control to be supplied to the amount of the culture fluid of crop so that it reduces.On the other hand, Wawter tension between culture apparatus 1 makes it possible to based on moisture and the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2 regulates in capillary The liquid level cultivated in base portion 2 after Shenging.Thus, it is possible to regulation is supplied to the amount of the culture fluid of crop P so that it reduces.
Controller 13 regulates to passing through based on the wawter tension between moisture and the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2 Supply pipe 14 is supplied to the amount of the salt of the culture fluid interpolation of reservoir 3, in order to crop P is applied suitable osmotic stress.This Make it possible to the osmotic pressure of the culture fluid of the regulation root relative to crop P.Thus, it is possible to apply osmotic stress to increase sugar Degree, thus promote the taste of crop P.By the way, when by this way to culture fluid add salt time, be only used for regulate from The amount of the salinity of the culture fluid of the root absorption of crop P adds salt.With the situation phase directly adding salt in existing hydroponics Ratio, this usage amount making it possible to reduce salt.
As it has been described above, culture apparatus 1 is configured to regulate water level and also be configured to regulate salinity.As a result, it is possible to The addition of less salt applies water stress effectively to crop P.
[cultural method]
Cultural method includes, to the cultivation base portion supply culture fluid keeping crop P, wherein cultivating base portion 2 and comprising framework 4, fill out Filling the filler particles 5 of framework 4 and by the culture fluid supply area 6 by capillarity supply culture fluid, described region 6 is at least It is arranged in the middle level portion of the layer formed by filler particles 5, and is cultivated to crop P supply by culture fluid supply area 6 Liquid.
More specifically, cultural method includes the step (culture fluid of culture fluid supply to cultivation base portion 2 by liquor charging portion 7 Supplying step)；Regulation keeps the water level being supplied to cultivate the reservoir 3 of the culture fluid of base portion 2, thus applies crop P dry The step (drought stress step) that drought is coerced；It is supplied to cultivate the salinity of the culture fluid of base portion 2 with regulation, thus to crop P Apply the step (osmotic stress step) of osmotic stress.
<culture fluid supplying step>
In culture fluid supplying step, liquor charging portion 7 will remain in the culture fluid in reservoir 3 and is fed to cultivate base portion 2 Bottom.This culture fluid is extremely cultivated base portion 2 by the capillarity supply in the layer by being formed by the filler particles 5 in framework 4 Culture fluid supply area 6.Specifically, training is promoted by the capillarity in liquor charging portion 7 from the reservoir 3 keeping culture fluid Nutrient solution；And by permeable barrier sheet 8 by the bottom of culture fluid supply to the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2.By by filling Capillarity in the layer that granule 5 is formed will be provided to the bottom of filler particles 5 via culture fluid supply area 6 Culture fluid supplies the root to crop P.
In culture fluid supplying step, according to supplying the state of culture fluid to be adapted for to crop P to cultivating base portion 2 Amount add culture fluid to reservoir 3.Specifically, use moisture transducer 11 and wawter tension sensor 12 to measure and cultivate base portion The wawter tension between moisture and filler particles 5 in 2.Controller 13 based on measurement result to reservoir 3 additional services Culture fluid.In this way it is possible to continuously by culture fluid supply to crop P.
<drought stress step>
In drought stress step, according to cultivating the storage that base portion 2 supplies the status adjustment holding culture fluid of culture fluid The water level in portion 3.Thus regulation water level is to apply drought stress.Specifically, moisture transducer 11 and wawter tension sensor are used 12 measure the wawter tension between moisture and the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2.Controller 13 regulates based on measurement result Add the quantity delivered of the culture fluid to reservoir 3.Thus regulate the amount of the culture fluid being supplied to reservoir 3, thus regulate storage Deposit the water level of culture fluid in portion 3.By this way, improve or reduce the water level of culture fluid in reservoir 3, thus regulate hair The liquid level cultivated in base portion 2 after tubule rising.Thus, crop P is applied suitable drought stress.
<osmotic stress step>
In osmotic stress step, the status adjustment according to supplying culture fluid to cultivation base portion 2 is supplied to cultivate base portion 2 The salinity of culture fluid.Thus regulate the salinity of culture fluid thus apply osmotic stress.Specifically, moisture transducer 11 He is used Wawter tension sensor 12 measures the wawter tension between moisture and the filler particles 5 cultivated in base portion 2.Controller 13 base Amount in the salt that measurement result regulation is added to the culture fluid being supplied to reservoir 3.Thus, the regulation root relative to crop P The osmotic pressure of the culture fluid in portion, thus crop P is applied suitable osmotic stress.
<advantage>
Described culture apparatus comprises and is configured to show that capillarity is to be supplied to culture fluid cultivate the cultivation in base portion Liquid supply area, described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by the filler particles in framework.Therefore, it is to avoid The oversupply of culture fluid, thus the root of crop stably applied suitable water stress.It addition, passed through capillary tube The gas phase that the culture fluid supply area of effect supply culture fluid has, more than liquid phase, therefore has highly-breathable.Therefore, described cultivation Even if training device makes the root rot also being able to effectively suppress to cause due to anoxia in the case of not having oxygen supply structure.
It addition, in described culture apparatus, to show capillary amount such as soil in culture fluid supply area The particles filled framework of earth.Therefore, compared with existing soil cultivation, can significantly reduce the usage amount of soil, this makes it possible to The enough weight reducing cultivation base portion.Therefore, described culture apparatus makes it possible to be formed at the cheap material by such as pitch tube Cultivating stand on set up farmland.The differing heights in farmland can be easily adjusted by the regulation of cultivating stand.
It addition, described culture apparatus uses sub-irrigation, compared with surface irrigation, sub-irrigation can be economized on water.This be because of For cultivating the upper strata of base portion, there is relatively low water maintenance dose, and evaporation is less likely to occur.Because evaporation, institute are less likely to occur With the interference being less likely to occur between the moisture management in greenhouse and irrigation management.In described culture apparatus, the storage of reservoir It is non-permeable for depositing groove, and this makes it possible to economize on water further；And the completely enclosed cultivation not producing waste water can be built Device.It addition, because being the least by the water quantities of evaporation loss, so substantially can accurately measure culture fluid Consumption, this makes it possible to quantify plant growing based on water absorption.Additionally, because little from the amount cultivating base portion evaporation, It is maintained in the moisture cultivated in base portion so salt penetrates into.Compared with surface irrigation and hollow billet water planting, such advantage is Salt accumulation is less likely to occur.It addition, easily carry out cultivating the flushing of base portion.
Make it possible to increase the cultivation being maintained in cultivation base portion it addition, described culture apparatus is cultivated minimizing of base unit weight The depletion rate of liquid.So, the culture fluid in reservoir is substantially the same with the culture fluid cultivated in base portion.As a result, with other Culture medium farming is compared, and can obtain the effect brought due to the change of culture fluid immediately, this pH making such as to cultivate base portion Regulation transfiguration is easy.
[the second embodiment]
Culture apparatus 31 shown in Fig. 2 mainly comprises the cultivation base portion 32 being configured to keep crop P and is configured to training Support base portion 32 and supply the culture fluid feed mechanism of culture fluid.Cultivate base portion 32 to comprise framework 34, fill the filler particles of framework 34 35 and by by capillarity supply culture fluid culture fluid supply area 36, region 36 is arranged at by filler particles In the middle level portion of 35 layers formed.By the way, culture fluid feed mechanism is by being configured to store reservoir 33 structure of culture fluid Become.Culture apparatus 31 also comprises the water level governor motion 38 being configured to regulate the water level of the culture fluid in reservoir 33 and structure Thermoregulation mechanism for the temperature of the culture fluid in regulation reservoir 33.
In the culture apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, reservoir 3 and cultivation base portion 2 are isolated from each other.On the contrary, at cultivation dress Putting in 31, reservoir 33 and cultivation base portion 32 are not isolated, and culture fluid feed mechanism does not have liquor charging portion.These be with The difference of the culture apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.By the way, because culture apparatus 31 does not have liquor charging portion, so it is not There are permeable barrier sheet the 8, first flashing 9a, the second flashing 9b etc. of culture apparatus 1.Hereinafter, will implement with first The difference of the culture apparatus 1 of mode illustrates.
<cultivation base portion>
Cultivate base portion 32 comprise framework 34, the filler particles 35 filling framework 34 and cultivated by capillarity supply The culture fluid supply area 36 of liquid, region 36 is arranged in the middle level portion of the layer formed by filler particles 35.Cultivate base portion 32 are constructed to keep the part of crop P.
Framework 34 possesses the bottom having by culture fluid but can't pass the multiple small through hole of filler particles 35.Framework 34 by the multiple platforms 37 being positioned in the bottom being arranged on reservoir 33.The bottom of framework 34 is immersed in culture fluid.Filling The part that immerses of grain 35 is to have permeated the culture fluid permeable formation of culture fluid.In filler particles 35 above culture fluid permeable formation Whole part is culture fluid supply area 36.In culture apparatus 31, in culture fluid permeable formation, it is susceptible to anoxia so that make The root of thing P is not easy to be elongated in culture fluid permeable formation.
In framework 34, the such as side of the part outside bottom is not particularly limited in terms of material.This material can with The material of the material such as side in the part (except bottom) of the framework 4 of the first embodiment is identical.Specifically, the example of material Including paper and the flaky resin with breathability and water penetration.Flaky resin can be to weave cotton cloth or non-woven fabrics；In particular it is preferred to be Porous resin film, more preferably by stretching the porous resin film that the film of the fluororesin of such as politef manufactures.
<culture fluid feed mechanism>
Culture fluid feed mechanism is made up of the reservoir 33 being configured to store culture fluid.
(reservoir)
Reservoir 33 comprises the multiple platforms 37 being arranged on bottom.Cultivate base portion 32 to be positioned on these platforms 37.? In reservoir 33, keep the culture fluid of predetermined water level；Base portion will be cultivated in the way of being immersed in culture fluid the bottom of framework 34 32 are arranged in reservoir 33.By the way, multiple cultivation base portion 32 is preferably set in single reservoir 33.When single When in reservoir 33, multiple cultivation base portion 32 is set, can simultaneously and regulate the arid to these multiple cultivation base portions 32 comparably Coerce.
<water level governor motion>
Water level governor motion 38 comprises the water-level gauge 39 being arranged in reservoir 33 and is configured to survey based on water-level gauge 39 Fixed water level regulation is supplied to the controller 40 of the amount of the culture fluid of reservoir 33.
Water-level gauge 39 is configured to measure the water level of the culture fluid in reservoir 33, and sends measurement result to controller 40。
Controller 40 is configured to determine the culture fluid being supplied to reservoir 33 based on the water level measured with water-level gauge 39 Amount, and supply culture fluid by supply pipe 41.Such as, when controller 40 is to keep the side of certain water level in reservoir 33 When formula controls the quantity delivered of culture fluid, culture fluid is automatically fed.This makes it possible to reduce gerentocratic workload of watering.
Controller 40 may be used for the amount controlling to be supplied to the culture fluid of reservoir 33, thus the water level to reservoir 33 It is adjusted applying drought stress.As it has been described above, being raised and lowered of water level of the culture fluid in reservoir 33 makes it possible to The liquid level cultivated in base portion 32 after regulation capillary tube rising.So, the culture fluid of reservoir 33 it is supplied to by control Amount, can apply suitable drought stress to crop P.
Controller 40 may be used for regulating the amount of the salt added to the culture fluid being supplied to reservoir 33.Controller 40 can The amount of the culture fluid to keep determine reservoir 33 based on the water level measured with water-level gauge 39 in；Further, based on this culture fluid Amount, it may be determined that the addition of salt thus crop P is applied suitable osmotic stress.In this way it is possible to regulation relative to The osmotic pressure of the culture fluid of the root of crop P, thus crop P is applied suitable osmotic stress.By the way, at the infiltration side of body In the regulation compeled, as in the culture apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, can arrange and be configured to determine in cultivation base portion 32 The mechanism of the wawter tension between moisture and filler particles 35, thus apply more appropriate osmotic pressure.
<thermoregulation mechanism>
Thermoregulation mechanism comprises the thermometer 42 being such as embedded in the filler particles 35 cultivating base portion 32 and is arranged on In controller 40 and be configured to heating supplied the heater 43 of the culture fluid to reservoir 33 from controller 40.
The temperature of culture medium is studied by inventor as described later, find cultivate base portion temperature with culture fluid Temperature changes than mode more closely-related with the temperature in greenhouse.Therefore, inventor finds, compared to routinely with air-conditioning etc. Temperature in regulation greenhouse, regulation is supplied to cultivate the temperature of the culture fluid of base portion and makes it possible to more effectively regulate culture medium The temperature in portion.Find based on these, thermoregulation mechanism is set in order to regulate the purpose of the temperature cultivated in base portion, described temperature Degree governor motion is configured to regulate the temperature of culture fluid.
Controller 40 is configured to based on the temperature control heater 43 cultivating base portion 32 determined by thermometer 42, to adjust Joint is supplied to the temperature of the culture fluid of reservoir 33 thus is supplied to the culture fluid of the root of crop P and has suitable temperature Degree, and also be configured to supply to reservoir 33 culture fluid that have adjusted temperature.As it has been described above, cultivate base portion 32 temperature with Closely-related mode changes with the temperature of culture fluid.The temperature of the culture fluid of reservoir 33 it is supplied to by regulation like this It is supplied to cultivate the temperature of the culture fluid of base portion 32 with regulation, can accurately regulate the temperature cultivated in base portion 32.Therefore, Compared with the traditional regulation temperature cultivating base portion being adjusted by the temperature in greenhouse being adjusted with air-conditioning etc., Such thermoregulation mechanism makes it possible to easily and effectively regulate the temperature cultivated in base portion 32.
<advantage>
Described culture apparatus does not have the liquor charging portion as culture fluid feed mechanism, and this makes it possible to realize simply constructing And reduce equipment cost.It addition, culture apparatus is configured to determine the water level of reservoir with water-level gauge, this makes it possible to realize storage Deposit the accurate of the water level in portion to regulate.
It addition, described culture apparatus is configured to the temperature with thermoregulation mechanism regulation culture fluid, thus regulate culture medium The temperature in portion.As a result, with by the temperature in greenhouse being adjusted with air-conditioning etc., the temperature cultivating base portion is adjusted Traditional regulation compare, this culture apparatus can with low cost movement, this make it possible to reduce crop cultivation cost.
[other embodiment]
Embodiment disclosed herein is only used as illustrating in every respect, is understood not to restrictive.The model of the present invention Enclose the structure being not limited to embodiment.The scope of the present invention is represented by claims, and is intended to include and claim All variants in the implication of book equivalence and scope.
In the first embodiment, sheet element is used as liquor charging portion 7.But, liquor charging portion 7 is not limited to sheet element, as long as its Can be supplied to the culture fluid in reservoir 3 cultivate in base portion 2.Such as, liquor charging portion 7 can be and reservoir 3 and training Support tabular or the feed path of tubular that base portion 2 connects.Liquor charging portion 7 can be containing the granule being preferably used as filler particles 5 Structure.Specifically, such as, soil, fine Pumex such as pumice sand, the pulverized particles of porous volcanic rock, granular rock wool, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye Sand, Corallium Japonicum Kishinouye or Linesless charcoal can be shaped as tabular or tubular, maybe can be filled in tubular cabinet, thus provide and be not cultured The structure by breaking-up of liquid.This structure may be used for being connected reservoir 3 with the bottom cultivating base portion 2.
The culture apparatus using controller regulation drought stress and osmotic stress is illustrated by above-mentioned embodiment.So And, the culture apparatus not comprising such controller is also within the scope of the invention.Even if in the case of there is not controller, Such culture apparatus also comprise be configured to show capillarity so that culture fluid to be supplied to cultivate the region in base portion, described Region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by the filler particles in framework.Thus, it is possible to avoid the mistake of culture fluid Degree supply so that the root of crop stably can be applied suitable water stress, and can effectively suppress owing to lacking Oxygen and the root rot that causes.
In the first embodiment, the drought stress applied crop P by controller 13 and osmotic stress can be simultaneously Apply, or can apply respectively on the different opportunity being suitable for crop P.Or, culture apparatus is it is so structured that only apply dry Drought is coerced and any one in osmotic stress.
First embodiment is to comprising moisture transducer 11 and wawter tension sensor 12 as water level salinity governor motion The structure of 21 is illustrated.Or, such as the second embodiment, it is possible to use its middle water level salinity governor motion comprises water level The another kind of the controller counted and be configured to control to be supplied to the amount of the culture fluid of reservoir constructs.Such as, water-level gauge is pacified It is contained in reservoir；It is supplied to the amount of the culture fluid of reservoir based on water level regulation thus regulates the arid that crop P is applied Coerce and osmotic stress.When water-level gauge is used as water level salinity governor motion, pass with using moisture transducer and wawter tension The situation of sensor is compared, measure to as if visual and easily measure, and with low cost, water-level gauge can be installed.
The culture apparatus 1 comprising permeable barrier sheet the 8, first flashing 9a and the second flashing 9b is entered by the first embodiment Go explanation.But, the culture apparatus not comprising these key elements is also within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be carried out more specific description.But, the invention is not restricted to following enforcement Example.
<appraisal of growth>
In an embodiment, tomato seedling is planted in by with sand (containing particle diameters more than 80 mass % be 0.15mm～ The grains of sand of 0.6mm) fill in the cultivation base portion that basin framework prepares to the height of 4cm；The bottom cultivating base portion is immersed and keeps In the reservoir of the culture fluid with the water level of 3cm；And tomato seedling is stood more than 2 months.During this period, such as, do not enter Oxygen supply required in row hydroponics, and supply culture fluid continuously to keep water level.As a result, even if after 2 months, kind Eggplant also growth and result in the case of being not subject to root rot.
In the comparative example using hydroponics, prepreerence it be to ensure that dissolved oxygen thus maintain root breath, and prevent not The breeding of the microorganism needed.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the water management of big workload.On the other hand, the cultural method of above-described embodiment Make it possible to omit oxygen supply equipment and sterilization device, and reduce the workload of water management.
<cultivating the evaluation of base unit weight>
Tomato seedling is planted in by (being 0.15mm～0.6mm containing particle diameters more than 80 mass % with the sand of 4.3L The grains of sand) be filled in bottom surface and have in the cultivation base portion that the tubular basin framework that height is 30cm of multiple through hole prepares.By This, prepared the evaluation Seedling of the tested number 1 as embodiment.About the evaluation Seedling of such two tested numbers 1, by each culture medium In the reservoir of the culture fluid that the water level keeping 2cm is immersed in the bottom in portion；And tomato seedling is stood 2 months.Then, to cultivation Liquid adds salt and carries out increasing for 1 month the process of pol to apply osmotic stress.So, 30 fruits have altogether been gathered in the crops.Close In the fruit gathered in the crops from each evaluation Seedling, measure their pol (Brix value) and determine they conversion yield value (ton/ 1000m2/ year).Fig. 3 represents these average product scaled values (ton/1000m with block diagram and stain respectively2/ year) and average pol (°Bx).By the way, in Fig. 3, error bar represents standard deviation.
In addition to there is the height of the basin framework of tubular and be 25cm, accurate in the way of identical with the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1 The evaluation Seedling of standby tested number 2 is as embodiment.From the evaluation Seedling of such two tested numbers 2, altogether gather in the crops 27 fruits, and And evaluated as the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1.
In addition to there is the height of the basin framework of tubular and be 20cm, accurate in the way of identical with the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1 The evaluation Seedling of standby tested number 3 is as embodiment.From the evaluation Seedling of such 2 tested numbers 3, altogether gather in the crops 28 fruits, and And evaluated as the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1.
The basin framework using height to be 15cm as the tested number 4 of embodiment；(5cm) has tubular on top；Bottom (10cm) for the tabular uprightly arranged in the way of thickness direction is horizontally oriented；And bottom has taper.Fill out with sand Fill this basin framework and plant tomato seedling.The sand of the top barrel filling basin framework has the volume of 0.5L.About 1 The evaluation Seedling of tested number 4, so that the extreme lower position of the tubular of basin framework is positioned at the reservoir of the culture fluid keeping water level to be 2cm On the water surface, basin framework is positioned in the bottom of reservoir by mode at 8cm.So, by filling the tabular of the bottom of basin framework Culture fluid is promoted to tubular and cultivates base portion by the capillarity of sand.By the way, the tabular of the bottom of basin framework is filled Sand has the average thickness of 1cm.14 fruits are gathered in the crops from the evaluation Seedling of tested number 4, and as the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1 Evaluated.
Being planted in by tomato seedling by the sand of 2.2L is filled into the height in bottom surface with multiple through hole is 20cm Tubular basin framework in and in the cultivation base portion for preparing.Thus, the evaluation Seedling of tested number 5 has been prepared as embodiment.So that basin On the water surface of the reservoir that the bottom surface of framework is positioned at the culture fluid keeping water level to be 2cm, the mode at 7cm is placed so respectively The evaluation Seedling of two tested numbers 5.Non-woven fabrics is arranged between the water surface of the bottom surface of basin framework and the culture fluid of reservoir, with Just culture fluid is promoted to cultivate base portion by the capillarity in non-woven fabrics.Altogether gather in the crops from the evaluation Seedling of these tested numbers 5 29 fruits, and evaluated as the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1.
Tomato seedling is planted in the soil being made up of the sand identical with tested number 1.Thus, tested number 6 has been prepared Evaluation Seedling as comparative example.Evaluation Seedling to such 14 tested numbers 6 in the case of the process not carrying out improving pol Carry out the conventional soil cultivation of 3 months, altogether gather in the crops 195 fruits.To these tested numbers as the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1 The evaluation Seedling of 6 is evaluated.
Tomato seedling is planted in the soil being made up of the sand identical with tested number 1.Thus, tested number 7 has been prepared Evaluation Seedling as comparative example.The evaluation Seedling of such 12 tested numbers 7 is carried out conventional soil cultivation, thus through 2 The process of the raising pol of 1 month is carried out after Yue.Thus, 162 fruits have altogether been gathered in the crops.As the evaluation Seedling of tested number 1 The evaluation Seedling of these tested numbers 7 is evaluated.
[evaluation result]
About the result in Fig. 3, normal by the embodiment of tested number 1～tested number 5 and the process not carrying out improving pol Rule soil cultivation (tested number 6) compare.Result, although the fruit of tested number 6 has the average pol of 6.2 ° of Bx, but tries The number of testing 1～tested number 5 produce the high pol fruit of the average pol with 6.7 ° of more than Bx and 7.5 ° of below Bx.
On the other hand, the fruit tool of results in the conventional soil cultivation (tested number 7) carried out the process improving pol There is the high average pol of 7.8 ° of Bx；But, average product scaled value is relatively low 12.5 ton/1000m2/ year.On the other hand, In the embodiment of tested number 1～tested number 5, average product scaled value is 20.8 tons/1000m2More than/year, this is tested number 7 At least 1.6 times of yield.Thus, it was demonstrated that although the cultural method of tested number 1～tested number 5 is owing to improving the process of pol And cause yield to decrease, but the high pol fruit compensating this reduction can be produced.In other words, can be with pol and product The mode raise crop extremely equalized between amount.
It addition, use the tested number 4 of the microminiature basin framework of the sand being filled with 0.5L to have 21.4 tons/1000m2/ year Average product scaled value, this is equal to the yield of the fruit obtained by conventional soil cultivation.By the way, according to conventional soil Earth is cultivated, at average every (1000mm × 600mm × 70mm) the upper sand planted 2.75 young plants and use 42L.In other words Saying, the conventional every strain of soil cultivation uses the sand of 15.3L.Therefore, the use of the microminiature basin framework of tested number 4 make it possible to by The amount of the sand used in conventional soil cultivation reduces by 96.7%.
<evaluation in the farmland with differing heights>
The growth conditions of crop is commented in terms of the differing heights in farmland by the culture apparatus using the first embodiment Valency.Specifically, with reference to Fig. 4, the farmland 50 with 25m length built on cultivating stand is used.Corresponding to farmland 50 length The both ends in direction and the 3 of central part positions mounting comprise the of the tomato seedling of 5 or 6 true leaves with expansion of plantation One basin framework 51a, the second basin framework 51b and the 3rd basin framework 51c.Cultivate these tomato seedlings until observing the 3rd flowers.Plant The training phase is 43 days.The vertical height of basin framework is by first basin framework 51a of the one end from the length direction being positioned in farmland 50, load Put the second basin framework 51b of the central part of the length direction in farmland 50, the other end to the length direction being positioned in farmland 50 The sequentially increasing of the 3rd basin framework 51c.Difference in height between first basin framework 51a and the 3rd basin framework 51c is about 3cm.
Plant about in described 3 basin frameworks that is first basin framework 51a, the second basin framework 51b and the 3rd basin framework 51c Tomato seedling, the diverse location in farmland 50 does not observe growth differences.Even if this demonstrate that described cultural method exists Also same quality can be obtained between the tomato seedling of cultivation in the case of some difference in height.
<culture medium temperature studies>
Use the culture apparatus 1 of the first embodiment；Measure the temperature in greenhouse, the temperature cultivating base portion 2 and reservoir The temperature of the culture fluid in 3；And the temperature to the temperature cultivated in the temperature of base portion 2, greenhouse with the culture fluid in reservoir 3 Between relation study.With culture apparatus 1 cultivated tomato Seedling.Fig. 5 illustrate 5.5 days these temperature before will gathering in the crops with The change of time.
Result in Fig. 5 shows that the temperature cultivating base portion 2 is closer with the temperature in greenhouse with the temperature ratio with culture fluid Relevant mode changes.Therefore, compared with the traditional regulation temperature in greenhouse being adjusted with air-conditioning etc., by regulation quilt The temperature of the culture fluid cultivating base portion 2 supplied to the culture apparatus 1 in Fig. 1 so that the regulation transfiguration of the temperature of culture medium Easily.
Industrial applicability
In a word, culture apparatus and the cultural method of the present invention makes it possible to stably apply crop the suitable moisture side of body Compel, and with the low cost abundant oxygen supply of root to crop, thus root rot can be avoided.As a result, it is possible to cultivate with low cost The crop of high-quality.It addition, compared with soil cultivation, the culture apparatus of the present invention and cultural method make it possible to reduce soil Usage amount, so that it is easy to arrange cultivating stand transfiguration for farmland.

Claims (11)

1. a culture apparatus, it comprises:
It is configured to keep the cultivation base portion of crop；With
It is configured to the culture fluid feed mechanism to described cultivation base portion supply culture fluid,
Wherein said cultivation base portion comprises the filler particles in framework, described framework and is supplied described training by capillarity The region of nutrient solution, described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by described filler particles.
2. the culture apparatus described in claim 1, wherein,
Described culture fluid feed mechanism comprise the reservoir being configured to store described culture fluid and be arranged on described cultivation base portion with Liquor charging portion between described reservoir, and
Described liquor charging portion is configured to be supplied the described culture fluid in described reservoir to described cultivation by capillarity The bottom of the described granule in base portion.
3. the culture apparatus described in claim 2, it comprises the water level being configured to regulate the described culture fluid in described reservoir Or the mechanism of salinity.
4. the culture apparatus described in Claims 2 or 3, it comprises the temperature being configured to regulate the described culture fluid in described reservoir The thermoregulation mechanism of degree.
5. the culture apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein,
Described framework comprises at least as permeable of bottom barrier sheet.
6. the culture apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein,
Described granule is soil.
7. the culture apparatus described in claim 6, wherein,
Described soil is sand.
8. the culture apparatus according to any one of claim 1～7, wherein,
The layer formed by described filler particles has the capillary rise height of more than 3cm and below 300cm.
9. the culture apparatus according to any one of claim 1～8, wherein,
Described granule comprises the individual particle that particle diameter is more than 0.1mm and below 1mm of more than 50 mass %.
10. the culture apparatus according to any one of claim 1～9, wherein,
Described granule has 1.00g/cm3Above and 3.00g/cm3Following tap density.
11. 1 kinds of cultural methods, it includes to the cultivation base portion supply culture fluid keeping crop,
Wherein said cultivation base portion comprises the filler particles in framework, framework and is supplied described culture fluid by capillarity Region, described region is provided at least in the middle level portion of layer formed by described filler particles, and
Described culture fluid is supplied to described crop by described region.
CN201580016337.4A 2014-05-21 2015-05-20 Cultivation device and cultivation method Expired - Fee Related CN106163263B (en)

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