JP6893790B2 - Cultivation equipment and cultivation method - Google Patents

Cultivation equipment and cultivation method Download PDF

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JP6893790B2
JP6893790B2 JP2017006219A JP2017006219A JP6893790B2 JP 6893790 B2 JP6893790 B2 JP 6893790B2 JP 2017006219 A JP2017006219 A JP 2017006219A JP 2017006219 A JP2017006219 A JP 2017006219A JP 6893790 B2 JP6893790 B2 JP 6893790B2
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cultivation
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storage tank
cultivation liquid
medium
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JP2018113890A (en
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圭一郎 松尾
圭一郎 松尾
金澤 進一
進一 金澤
将人 馬場
将人 馬場
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Yanmar Green System Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、栽培装置及び栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method.

作物の毛管水耕栽培では、作物を着生させるロックウール等の培地の毛管現象を利用して、貯留槽に貯留される栽培液を作物の根に供給する。 Capillary action of crops In hydroponic cultivation of crops, the cultivation liquid stored in the storage tank is supplied to the roots of the crops by utilizing the capillary phenomenon of a medium such as rock wool that causes the crops to grow.

毛管現象を利用した水耕栽培装置としては、例えば、槽内の栽培液に浮く浮き板と、この浮き板の上面を覆い、かつ端部が栽培液内に浸漬する吸水性シートと、この吸水性シートの上面に敷設する遮根透水シートと、この遮根透水シートの上面に載置される培地部とを備えるものが知られている(特許文献1)。この水耕栽培装置では、槽内に貯留された栽培液が、吸水性シート、遮根透水シート及び培地部を介して植物の根に供給される。 Hydroponic cultivation devices that utilize the capillary phenomenon include, for example, a floating plate that floats in the cultivation liquid in the tank, a water-absorbing sheet that covers the upper surface of the floating plate and the end of which is immersed in the cultivation liquid, and this water absorption. It is known that a root-shielding water-permeable sheet laid on the upper surface of the sex sheet and a medium portion placed on the upper surface of the root-shielding water-permeable sheet are provided (Patent Document 1). In this hydroponic cultivation device, the cultivation liquid stored in the tank is supplied to the roots of the plant via the water-absorbing sheet, the root-blocking water-permeable sheet and the medium portion.

特開2011−160736号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-160736

特許文献1に開示された水耕栽培装置のような底面給水式の装置は、槽内に栽培液を貯留するので余分な排液が生じない。しかしながら、栽培液中の肥料濃度と作物からの肥料の要求とのバランスが崩れると、培地部中において余分な塩類が排出されなくなり塩類集積が起こりやすい。 In the bottom water supply type device such as the hydroponic cultivation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the cultivation liquid is stored in the tank, excess drainage does not occur. However, if the balance between the fertilizer concentration in the cultivation liquid and the fertilizer demand from the crop is lost, excess salts are not discharged in the medium portion and salt accumulation is likely to occur.

本発明は、上述のような事情に基づいてなされたものであり、培地部中の塩類集積を抑制できる栽培装置及び栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of suppressing salt accumulation in a medium portion.

上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部と、栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、上記貯留槽内の栽培液の減少及び増加を検出する液面センサと、上記液面センサが栽培液の減少を検出した際に、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部とを備える。 The cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above problems, is arranged between the medium section for growing crops, the storage tank for storing the cultivation liquid, and the medium section and the storage tank. , The liquid feeding part that supplies the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the medium part by capillarity, the liquid level sensor that detects the decrease and increase of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank, and the liquid level sensor are the cultivation liquid. It is provided with a cultivation liquid supply unit that supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium unit when the decrease in the amount is detected.

また、本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、栽培装置を用いる栽培方法であって、上記栽培装置が、作物を着生させる培地部と、栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部とを備え、上記貯留槽内の栽培液が減少した際に、上記栽培液供給部が栽培液を供給する工程を有する。 Further, the cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention is a cultivation method using a cultivation device, wherein the cultivation device has a medium portion for growing crops, a storage tank for storing the cultivation liquid, the medium portion, and the culture medium portion. A liquid feeding unit which is arranged between the storage tanks and supplies the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the medium portion by capillary action, and a cultivation liquid supply unit which supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium portion. The cultivated liquid supply unit has a step of supplying the cultivated liquid when the amount of the cultivated liquid in the storage tank is reduced.

当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、培地部中の塩類集積を抑制できる。 The cultivation device and the cultivation method can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion.

本発明の一実施形態に係る栽培装置を示す模式的断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the cultivation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図1の栽培装置の変形例を示す模式的断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the modification of the cultivation apparatus of FIG.

[本発明の実施形態の説明]
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
[Explanation of Embodiments of the Present Invention]
First, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.

本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、作物を着生させる培地部と、栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、上記貯留槽内の栽培液の減少及び増加を検出する液面センサと、上記液面センサが栽培液の減少を検出した際に、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部とを備える。 The cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is arranged between a medium portion for growing crops, a storage tank for storing the cultivation liquid, and the medium portion and the storage tank, and the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is provided. The liquid feeding part that supplies to the bottom of the medium part by capillarity, the liquid level sensor that detects the decrease and increase of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank, and the liquid level sensor that detects the decrease of the cultivation liquid, the above It is provided with a cultivation liquid supply unit that supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium unit.

当該栽培装置は、貯留槽内の栽培液が減少した際に、培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する。培地部の上方から供給された栽培液は、培地部及び送液部に広がってから貯留槽に到達するので、培地部中に集積した塩類を貯留槽に向けて洗い流すことができる。このため、当該栽培装置は培地部中の塩類集積を抑制できる。また当該栽培装置は、培地部の上部に栽培液を供給するので、培地部の下部だけでなく上部にも作物の根を誘導できる。 The cultivation apparatus supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium portion when the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is reduced. Since the cultivation liquid supplied from above the medium portion spreads to the medium portion and the liquid feeding portion and then reaches the storage tank, the salts accumulated in the medium portion can be washed away toward the storage tank. Therefore, the cultivation device can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion. Further, since the cultivation device supplies the cultivation liquid to the upper part of the medium part, the roots of the crop can be induced not only in the lower part of the medium part but also in the upper part.

上記栽培液供給部は、上記液面センサが栽培液の増加を検出した際に、栽培液の供給を停止するとよい。培地部の上方から供給された栽培液は、培地部及び送液部に広がってから貯留槽に到達するので、一部が貯留槽に到達した時点で培地部中に十分に広がっていると考えられる。当該栽培装置は、栽培液が増加し始めた時点で栽培液の供給を停止するので、培地部中に集積した塩類を短時間で効率よく洗い流すことができる。また当該栽培装置は、栽培液の供給時間を短くできるので、貯留槽内の栽培液の液面高さの上昇を抑制できる。 The cultivation liquid supply unit may stop supplying the cultivation liquid when the liquid level sensor detects an increase in the cultivation liquid. Since the cultivation liquid supplied from above the medium part reaches the storage tank after spreading to the medium part and the liquid feeding part, it is considered that a part of the cultivation liquid has sufficiently spread in the medium part when it reaches the storage tank. Be done. Since the cultivation apparatus stops the supply of the cultivation liquid when the cultivation liquid starts to increase, the salts accumulated in the medium portion can be efficiently washed away in a short time. Further, since the cultivation apparatus can shorten the supply time of the cultivation liquid, it is possible to suppress an increase in the liquid level of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank.

当該栽培装置が、上記貯留槽内の栽培液の塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部をさらに備えるとよい。貯留槽内の栽培液には、培地部から洗い流された塩類が溶け込んでいる。当該栽培装置は、培地部の塩類が溶け込んだ栽培液の塩分濃度を監視するので、培地部中の塩類集積を間接的に監視できる。このため、当該栽培装置は、培地部の塩類集積を直接監視する場合と比較して、容易に培地部中の塩類集積を監視できる。ここで「塩分」とは、塩化ナトリウムだけでなく、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸カルシウム及び炭酸水素塩等の塩類を含む。 It is preferable that the cultivation apparatus further includes a salt concentration monitoring unit for monitoring the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank. Salts washed away from the medium are dissolved in the cultivation solution in the storage tank. Since the cultivation apparatus monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid in which the salts in the medium portion are dissolved, the salt accumulation in the medium portion can be indirectly monitored. Therefore, the cultivation apparatus can easily monitor the salt accumulation in the medium portion as compared with the case of directly monitoring the salt accumulation in the medium portion. Here, the "salt content" includes not only sodium chloride but also salts such as magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate and bicarbonate.

上記塩分濃度監視部が、栽培液の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサを有し、上記貯留槽内の栽培液の電気伝導度に基づき上記塩分濃度を監視するとよい。栽培液の電気伝導度の測定は容易であるので、当該栽培装置は簡単に培地部中の塩類集積を監視できる。 It is preferable that the salt concentration monitoring unit has an electric conductivity sensor for measuring the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid, and monitors the salt concentration based on the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank. Since the measurement of the electrical conductivity of the cultivation liquid is easy, the cultivation apparatus can easily monitor the accumulation of salts in the medium portion.

また別の本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、栽培装置を用いる栽培方法であって、上記栽培装置が、作物を着生させる培地部と、栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部とを備え、上記貯留槽内の栽培液が減少した際に、上記栽培液供給部が栽培液を供給する工程を有する。 Another cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention is a cultivation method using a cultivation device, wherein the cultivation device has a medium portion for growing crops, a storage tank for storing the cultivation liquid, and the medium portion. And a liquid feeding part which is arranged between the storage tanks and supplies the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the medium part by capillarity, and a cultivation liquid supply part which supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium part. When the amount of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is reduced, the cultivation liquid supply unit has a step of supplying the cultivation liquid.

当該栽培方法は、貯留槽内の栽培液が減少した際に、培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給するので、培地部中に集積した塩類を貯留槽に向けて洗い流すことができる。このため、当該栽培方法は培地部中の塩類集積を抑制できる。また当該栽培方法は、培地部の上部に栽培液を供給するので、培地部の下部だけでなく上部にも作物の根を誘導できる。 In this cultivation method, when the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is reduced, the cultivation liquid is supplied from above toward the medium portion, so that the salts accumulated in the medium portion can be washed away toward the storage tank. Therefore, the cultivation method can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion. Further, since the cultivation method supplies the cultivation liquid to the upper part of the medium part, the roots of the crop can be induced not only in the lower part of the medium part but also in the upper part.

上記栽培装置が、塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部をさらに備え、当該栽培方法は、上記塩分濃度監視部が上記貯留槽内の栽培液の塩分濃度を監視する工程をさらに有するとよい。当該栽培方法は、培地部の塩類が溶け込んだ栽培液の塩分濃度を監視するので、培地部中の塩類集積を間接的に監視できる。このため、当該栽培方法は、培地部の塩類集積を直接監視する場合と比較して、容易に培地部中の塩類集積を監視できる。 It is preferable that the cultivation apparatus further includes a salt concentration monitoring unit for monitoring the salt concentration, and the cultivation method further includes a step in which the salt concentration monitoring unit monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank. Since the cultivation method monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation solution in which the salts in the medium portion are dissolved, the salt accumulation in the medium portion can be indirectly monitored. Therefore, in the cultivation method, the salt accumulation in the medium portion can be easily monitored as compared with the case where the salt accumulation in the medium portion is directly monitored.

[本発明の実施形態の詳細]
以下、適宜図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態に係る栽培装置及び栽培方法を説明する。
[Details of Embodiments of the present invention]
Hereinafter, the cultivation apparatus and cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[栽培装置]
図1に示す栽培装置1は、作物を着生させる培地部2と、栽培液3を貯留する貯留槽4と、培地部2及び貯留槽4間に配設され、貯留槽4内の栽培液3を毛管現象により培地部2の底部に供給する送液部5と、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少及び増加を検出する液面センサ6と、液面センサ6が栽培液3の減少を検出した際に、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する栽培液供給部7とを備えている。栽培液供給部7は、液面センサ6が栽培液3の増加を検出した際に、栽培液3の供給を停止する。また、当該栽培装置1は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部8をさらに備えている。塩分濃度監視部8は、栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサ8aを有しており、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の電気伝導度に基づき塩分濃度を監視している。なお、栽培装置1は、栽培液3が蒸発して拡散するのを防止するために、図示しないビニール製のカバーで覆われている。栽培装置1の検査等を行うために、このカバーの一部は透明であってもよい。
[Cultivation equipment]
The cultivation device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged between the medium unit 2 for growing crops, the storage tank 4 for storing the cultivation liquid 3, and the medium unit 2 and the storage tank 4, and the cultivation liquid in the storage tank 4. The liquid feeding unit 5 that supplies 3 to the bottom of the medium unit 2 by capillarity, the liquid level sensor 6 that detects the decrease and increase of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, and the liquid level sensor 6 decrease the cultivation liquid 3. Is provided with a cultivation liquid supply unit 7 that supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium unit 2 when the above is detected. When the liquid level sensor 6 detects an increase in the cultivation liquid 3, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 stops the supply of the cultivation liquid 3. Further, the cultivation device 1 further includes a salt concentration monitoring unit 8 for monitoring the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. The salt concentration monitoring unit 8 has an electric conductivity sensor 8a for measuring the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3, and monitors the salt concentration based on the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. The cultivation device 1 is covered with a vinyl cover (not shown) in order to prevent the cultivation liquid 3 from evaporating and diffusing. A part of this cover may be transparent in order to inspect the cultivation device 1.

当該栽培装置1は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3が減少した際に、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する。培地部2の上方から供給された栽培液3は、培地部2及び送液部5に広がってから貯留槽4に到達するので、培地部2中に集積した塩類を貯留槽4に向けて洗い流すことができる。このため、当該栽培装置1は培地部2中の塩類集積を抑制できる。また当該栽培装置1は、培地部2の上部に栽培液3を供給するので、培地部2の下部だけでなく上部にも作物の根を誘導できる。 When the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 decreases, the cultivation apparatus 1 supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium portion 2. Since the cultivation liquid 3 supplied from above the medium portion 2 reaches the storage tank 4 after spreading to the medium portion 2 and the liquid feeding portion 5, the salts accumulated in the medium portion 2 are washed away toward the storage tank 4. be able to. Therefore, the cultivation device 1 can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion 2. Further, since the cultivation device 1 supplies the cultivation liquid 3 to the upper part of the medium part 2, the roots of the crop can be induced not only in the lower part of the medium part 2 but also in the upper part.

培地部2の上方から供給された栽培液3は、培地部2及び送液部5に広がってから貯留槽4に到達するので、貯留槽4に到達した時点で培地部2中に十分に広がっていると考えられる。当該栽培装置1は、栽培液3が増加し始めた時点で栽培液3の供給を停止するので、培地部2中に集積した塩類を短時間で効率よく洗い流すことができる。また当該栽培装置1は、栽培液3の供給時間を短くできるので、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の液面高さの上昇を抑制できる。 Since the cultivation liquid 3 supplied from above the medium portion 2 reaches the storage tank 4 after spreading to the medium portion 2 and the liquid feeding portion 5, it sufficiently spreads in the medium portion 2 when it reaches the storage tank 4. It is thought that it is. Since the cultivation apparatus 1 stops the supply of the cultivation liquid 3 when the cultivation liquid 3 starts to increase, the salts accumulated in the culture medium portion 2 can be efficiently washed away in a short time. Further, since the cultivation apparatus 1 can shorten the supply time of the cultivation liquid 3, it is possible to suppress an increase in the liquid level of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4.

また、貯留槽4内の栽培液3には、培地部2から洗い流された塩類が溶け込んでいる。当該栽培装置1は、培地部2の塩類が溶け込んだ栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視するので、培地部2中の塩類集積を間接的に監視できる。このため、当該栽培装置1は、培地部2の塩類集積を直接監視する場合と比較して、容易に培地部2中の塩類集積を監視できる。 Further, the salts washed away from the medium portion 2 are dissolved in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. Since the cultivation apparatus 1 monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in which the salts of the medium portion 2 are dissolved, the salt accumulation in the medium portion 2 can be indirectly monitored. Therefore, the cultivation apparatus 1 can easily monitor the salt accumulation in the medium unit 2 as compared with the case of directly monitoring the salt accumulation in the medium unit 2.

また、塩分濃度監視部8が、栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサ8aを有しているので、当該栽培装置1は、簡単に培地部2中の塩分濃度を監視できる。 Further, since the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 has an electric conductivity sensor 8a for measuring the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3, the cultivation device 1 can easily monitor the salt concentration in the medium unit 2.

(培地部)
培地部2は、透水性及び防根性を有する透水シート9内に形成されており、作物を着生させる。培地部2は、後述する土台10の上面に配設された送液部5上に配置されることにより、透水シート9を介して底部から栽培液2が供給される。培地部2は、密に充填されることで毛管現象を発現可能な粒子で構成されており、特に限定されないが、例えば、土壌、パミスサンド等の微粒軽石、多孔性の火山岩の粉砕粒、粒状のロックウール、コーラルサンド、サンゴ、木炭等を採用できる。
(Medium part)
The culture medium portion 2 is formed in a water-permeable sheet 9 having water-permeability and root-proof properties, and allows crops to grow. The culture medium portion 2 is arranged on the liquid feeding portion 5 arranged on the upper surface of the base 10 described later, so that the cultivation liquid 2 is supplied from the bottom portion via the water permeable sheet 9. The medium portion 2 is composed of particles capable of exhibiting capillarity by being densely packed, and is not particularly limited. For example, soil, fine pumice stones such as pumice sand, crushed particles of porous volcanic rock, and granular particles are used. Rock wool, coral sand, coral, charcoal, etc. can be used.

透水シート9は、送液部5により供給された栽培液3を底部から吸水し、毛管現象を利用してこの栽培液3を培地部2へ揚水する機能と、上部から延伸する作物の根が下部に向けて通過するのを遮断する機能とを有している。透水シート9は、略矩形のシートであり、培地部2及び送液部5間にシートの中央部分が挟持され、シートの中央部分より高い位置にある貯留槽4の縁にシートの対向する2辺が固定されることで溝型の樋状に形成されている。これにより、透水シート9の両側部分は、空中で空気に触れている構成となっている。また、透水シート9の素材としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、紙、織布、不織布等を採用できるが、吸水速度が速く、揚水力が高く、耐久性が高いものを得やすいという観点から、織布が好ましい。 The water permeable sheet 9 has a function of absorbing the cultivation liquid 3 supplied by the liquid feeding unit 5 from the bottom and pumping the cultivation liquid 3 to the culture medium portion 2 by utilizing the capillary phenomenon, and the roots of the crop extending from the top. It has a function to block the passage toward the lower part. The water permeable sheet 9 is a substantially rectangular sheet, and the central portion of the sheet is sandwiched between the medium portion 2 and the liquid feeding portion 5, and the sheet faces the edge of the storage tank 4 at a position higher than the central portion of the sheet. By fixing the sides, it is formed in a groove-shaped gutter shape. As a result, both side portions of the water permeable sheet 9 are in contact with air in the air. The material of the water permeable sheet 9 is not particularly limited, and for example, paper, woven cloth, non-woven fabric, etc. can be used, but from the viewpoint that it is easy to obtain a material having a high water absorption rate, a high pumping power, and high durability. , Woven cloth is preferable.

(栽培液)
栽培液3は、水を主成分とし肥料を含む。肥料は、貯留槽4において雑菌が繁殖することを抑制できる観点から、化学肥料を含むと好ましい。なお、肥料は、栽培液3に含まれるものだけでなく、培地部2内に直接的に与えられるものが併せて採用されてもよい。
(Cultivation liquid)
The cultivation liquid 3 contains water as a main component and fertilizer. The fertilizer preferably contains a chemical fertilizer from the viewpoint of suppressing the growth of various germs in the storage tank 4. As the fertilizer, not only the fertilizer contained in the cultivation liquid 3 but also the fertilizer directly given in the medium portion 2 may be adopted.

(貯留槽)
貯留槽4は、栽培液3を貯留する水槽である。貯留槽4は、断面に垂直な方向を長手方向とする溝型の樋状に形成されており、栽培液3及び土台10を底部に収容している。なお、土台10は、断面に垂直な方向を長手方向とする略長方体形状であって、断面に垂直な上部の2辺が角丸に形成されている。
(Storage tank)
The storage tank 4 is a water tank for storing the cultivation liquid 3. The storage tank 4 is formed in a groove-shaped gutter shape whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the cross section, and houses the cultivation liquid 3 and the base 10 at the bottom. The base 10 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the cross section, and the upper two sides perpendicular to the cross section are formed with rounded corners.

(送液部)
送液部5は、培地部2及び貯留槽4間に配設され、貯留槽4内の栽培液3を毛管現象により培地部2の底部に供給する。送液部5は、内部に毛管現象を発現可能な間隙を有する略矩形のシート体である。送液部5としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、不織布、ロックウールシート、フェルトシート、ウレタンシート等のシート体を採用できる。これらのうち、吸水速度が速く、揚水力が高く、耐久性が高いものを得やすいという観点から、不織布が好ましい。送液部5は、土台10の上面、上部の2辺の角丸及び側面に沿うように配設されている。そして、土台10の側面に位置する送液部5の両端が貯留槽4内の栽培液3に浸されることで、栽培液3が送液部5の両端から中央へ向けて揚水されて透水シート9の底部に導かれる。
(Liquid transfer section)
The liquid feeding unit 5 is arranged between the medium unit 2 and the storage tank 4, and supplies the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 to the bottom of the medium unit 2 by a capillary phenomenon. The liquid feeding unit 5 is a substantially rectangular sheet body having a gap inside which a capillary phenomenon can be exhibited. The liquid feeding unit 5 is not particularly limited, but for example, a sheet body such as a non-woven fabric, a rock wool sheet, a felt sheet, or a urethane sheet can be adopted. Of these, a non-woven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a material having a high water absorption rate, a high pumping power, and high durability. The liquid feeding unit 5 is arranged along the upper surface of the base 10, the rounded corners of the upper two sides, and the side surface. Then, both ends of the liquid feeding unit 5 located on the side surface of the base 10 are immersed in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, so that the cultivation liquid 3 is pumped from both ends of the liquid feeding unit 5 toward the center to allow water to permeate. It is guided to the bottom of the sheet 9.

(液面センサ)
液面センサ6は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少及び増加を検出する。液面センサ6は、貯留槽4内において送液部5の両端の高さより高い位置に配設されている。また、液面センサ6は、栽培液3の減少を検出した際に、栽培液供給部7に対して栽培液3の減少を報知する信号を送信し、栽培液3の増加を検出した際に、栽培液供給部7に対して栽培液3の増加を報知する信号を送信する。
(Liquid level sensor)
The liquid level sensor 6 detects a decrease and an increase in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. The liquid level sensor 6 is arranged in the storage tank 4 at a position higher than the height of both ends of the liquid feeding unit 5. Further, when the liquid level sensor 6 detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid 3, it transmits a signal notifying the decrease in the cultivation liquid 3 to the cultivation liquid supply unit 7, and when the increase in the cultivation liquid 3 is detected, the liquid level sensor 6 transmits a signal to notify the decrease in the cultivation liquid 3. , A signal notifying the increase of the cultivation liquid 3 is transmitted to the cultivation liquid supply unit 7.

液面センサ6としては、可動部を有しないセンサ、又は栽培液の浮力で可動する可動部を有するセンサを採用できるが、耐久力の観点から可動部を有しないセンサを採用するのが好ましい。また、可動部を有しないセンサとしては、栽培液に接触するセンサ又は栽培液に接触しないセンサを採用できる。栽培液に接触するセンサとしては、電極式のセンサ、静電容量式のセンサ、光学式のセンサ等を採用できる。また、栽培液に接触しないセンサとしては、静電容量式のセンサ、電波式のセンサ、超音波式のセンサ等を採用できる。これらのうち、メンテナンス性が良好でありかつ安価であるという観点から、液面センサ6として静電容量式のセンサを採用するのが好ましい。この場合、液面センサ6は、貯留槽4の外壁又は内壁に設置されることにより、設置高さでの栽培液3の液面の有無を検知し、液面の有無に基づき栽培液3の増減を検出する。このような液面センサ6としては、特に限定されないが、例えば竹中電子工業社製の静電容量形液体検出用レベルセンサSDYシリーズを用いることができる。 As the liquid level sensor 6, a sensor having no moving part or a sensor having a moving part that can move by the buoyancy of the cultivation liquid can be adopted, but from the viewpoint of durability, it is preferable to use a sensor having no moving part. Further, as the sensor having no moving portion, a sensor that comes into contact with the cultivation liquid or a sensor that does not come into contact with the cultivation liquid can be adopted. As the sensor that comes into contact with the cultivation liquid, an electrode type sensor, a capacitance type sensor, an optical type sensor, or the like can be adopted. Further, as the sensor that does not come into contact with the cultivation liquid, a capacitance type sensor, a radio wave type sensor, an ultrasonic type sensor, or the like can be adopted. Of these, from the viewpoint of good maintainability and low cost, it is preferable to use a capacitance type sensor as the liquid level sensor 6. In this case, the liquid level sensor 6 is installed on the outer wall or inner wall of the storage tank 4 to detect the presence or absence of the liquid level of the cultivation liquid 3 at the installation height, and based on the presence or absence of the liquid level, the cultivation liquid 3 Detect increase / decrease. The liquid level sensor 6 is not particularly limited, and for example, a capacitance type liquid detection level sensor SDY series manufactured by Takenaka Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be used.

(栽培液供給部)
栽培液供給部7は、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する。栽培液供給部7は、液面センサ6が栽培液3の減少を検出した際に、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給し、液面センサ6が栽培液3の増加を検出した際に、栽培液3の供給を停止するとよい。栽培液供給部7は、栽培液3を放出するノズルを有しており、このノズルが培地部2の上方に配設されている。ノズルとしては、信頼性の観点から点滴チューブを用いることができる。この点滴チューブとしては、特に限定されないが、例えばネタフィムジャパン社製のユニラム17(吐出水量1.6L/時、ドリッパー間隔15cm)を用いることができる。また、図1には図示されていないが、栽培液供給部7は、栽培液3を貯留する栽培液槽と、この栽培液槽内の栽培液3をノズルへ送出するポンプと、このポンプの駆動を制御する制御部とを備えている。そして、この制御部が、液面センサ6から栽培液3の減少を報知する信号を受信した場合に、ポンプを駆動してノズルから栽培液3を放出し、液面センサ6から栽培液3の増加を報知する信号を受信した場合に、ポンプを停止してノズルからの栽培液3の放出を停止する。
(Cultivation liquid supply department)
The cultivation liquid supply unit 7 supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium unit 2. When the liquid level sensor 6 detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid 3, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 supplies the cultivation liquid 3 toward the medium unit 2 from above, and the liquid level sensor 6 detects an increase in the cultivation liquid 3. At that time, it is advisable to stop the supply of the cultivation liquid 3. The cultivation liquid supply unit 7 has a nozzle for discharging the cultivation liquid 3, and this nozzle is arranged above the medium unit 2. As the nozzle, a drip tube can be used from the viewpoint of reliability. The drip tube is not particularly limited, but for example, Uniram 17 (discharged water volume 1.6 L / hour, dripper interval 15 cm) manufactured by Netafim Japan Co., Ltd. can be used. Further, although not shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 includes a cultivation liquid tank for storing the cultivation liquid 3, a pump for sending the cultivation liquid 3 in the cultivation liquid tank to the nozzle, and the pump. It is equipped with a control unit that controls the drive. Then, when this control unit receives a signal from the liquid level sensor 6 notifying the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3, the pump is driven to discharge the cultivation liquid 3 from the nozzle, and the liquid level sensor 6 of the cultivation liquid 3 When the signal for notifying the increase is received, the pump is stopped to stop the discharge of the cultivation liquid 3 from the nozzle.

(塩分濃度監視部)
塩分濃度監視部8は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視する。具体的には、塩分濃度監視部8は、貯留槽4内の底部付近に栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサ8aを有しており、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定している。栽培液3の電気伝導度は、栽培液3中の塩類の量に依存して変動するため、塩分濃度監視部8は、栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定することによって栽培液3中の塩分濃度を監視できる。また、貯留槽4内の栽培液3には、培地部2から洗い流された塩類が溶け込んでいるので、塩分濃度監視部8は、栽培液3中の塩分濃度を監視することで間接的に培地部2の塩類集積を監視できる。電気伝導度センサ8aとしては、特に限定されないが、例えばデカゴン社製のECセンサ5TEを用いることができる。なお、図1には図示されていないが、塩分濃度監視部8は、電気伝導度センサ8aで測定した栽培液3の電気伝導度を時系列で記録する記録部を有しており、この記録部に記録された電気伝導度のデータを外部へ出力できるように構成されている。記録部としては、特に限定されないが、例えばデカゴン社製のデータロガーEm50(測定間隔1〜1440分)を用いることができる。
(Salinity monitoring unit)
The salt concentration monitoring unit 8 monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. Specifically, the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 has an electric conductivity sensor 8a for measuring the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 near the bottom in the storage tank 4, and the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 has an electric conductivity sensor 8a. We are measuring electrical conductivity. Since the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 varies depending on the amount of salts in the cultivation liquid 3, the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 measures the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 to measure the salt content in the cultivation liquid 3. The concentration can be monitored. Further, since the salts washed away from the medium unit 2 are dissolved in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 indirectly monitors the salt concentration in the cultivation liquid 3 to indirectly mediate the medium. The salt accumulation of Part 2 can be monitored. The electric conductivity sensor 8a is not particularly limited, but for example, an EC sensor 5TE manufactured by Decagon Co., Ltd. can be used. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the salinity monitoring unit 8 has a recording unit that records the electrical conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 measured by the electrical conductivity sensor 8a in chronological order. It is configured so that the electrical conductivity data recorded in the unit can be output to the outside. The recording unit is not particularly limited, but for example, a data logger Em50 (measurement interval 1-1440 minutes) manufactured by Decagon Co., Ltd. can be used.

[栽培方法]
当該栽培方法は、作物を着生させる培地部2と、栽培液3を貯留する貯留槽4と、培地部2及び貯留槽4間に配設され、貯留槽4内の栽培液3を毛管現象により培地部2の底部に供給する送液部3と、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する栽培液供給部7とを備える栽培装置1を用いる栽培方法であって、貯留槽4内の栽培液3が減少した際に、栽培液供給部7が栽培液3を供給する工程を有する。また、当該栽培方法に用いる栽培装置1は、塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部8をさらに備え、当該栽培方法は、塩分濃度監視部8が貯留槽4内の栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視する工程をさらに有する。
[Cultivation method]
The cultivation method is arranged between the medium part 2 for growing crops, the storage tank 4 for storing the cultivation liquid 3, and the medium part 2 and the storage tank 4, and the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 is capillarity. This is a cultivation method using a cultivation device 1 including a liquid feeding unit 3 that supplies the culture medium 2 to the bottom of the culture medium 2 and a cultivation liquid supply unit 7 that supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the culture medium 2. When the cultivation liquid 3 in 4 is reduced, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 has a step of supplying the cultivation liquid 3. Further, the cultivation device 1 used in the cultivation method further includes a salt concentration monitoring unit 8 for monitoring the salt concentration, and in the cultivation method, the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. Further has a step of

当該栽培方法は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3が減少した際に、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給するので、培地部2中に集積した塩類を貯留槽4に向けて洗い流すことができる。このため、当該栽培方法は、培地部2中の塩類集積を抑制できる。また、当該栽培方法は、培地部2の上部に栽培液3を供給するので、培地部2の下部だけでなく上部にも作物の根を誘導できる。 In this cultivation method, when the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 is reduced, the cultivation liquid 3 is supplied from above toward the medium portion 2, so that the salts accumulated in the medium portion 2 are directed toward the storage tank 4. Can be washed away. Therefore, the cultivation method can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion 2. Further, in the cultivation method, since the cultivation liquid 3 is supplied to the upper part of the medium part 2, the roots of the crop can be induced not only in the lower part of the medium part 2 but also in the upper part.

また、貯留槽4内の栽培液3には、培地部2から洗い流された塩類が溶け込んでいる。当該栽培方法は、培地部2の塩類が溶け込んだ栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視するので、培地部2中の塩類集積を間接的に監視できる。このため、当該栽培方法は、培地部2の塩類集積を直接監視する場合と比較して、容易に培地部2中の塩類集積を監視できる。 Further, the salts washed away from the medium portion 2 are dissolved in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. Since the cultivation method monitors the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in which the salts of the medium portion 2 are dissolved, the salt accumulation in the medium portion 2 can be indirectly monitored. Therefore, in the cultivation method, the salt accumulation in the medium portion 2 can be easily monitored as compared with the case where the salt accumulation in the medium portion 2 is directly monitored.

当該栽培方法において、貯留槽4内の栽培液3が減少した際に、栽培液供給部7が栽培液3を供給する工程は、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少を確認する工程と、栽培液3を供給する工程とを有する。 In the cultivation method, when the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 decreases, the step of supplying the cultivation liquid 3 by the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 includes a step of confirming the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 and a step of confirming the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3. It has a step of supplying the cultivation liquid 3.

貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少を確認する工程は、栽培装置1が備える液面センサ6により栽培液3の減少を検出してもよいし、栽培装置1を使用する使用者が目視により栽培液3の減少を確認してもよい。 In the step of confirming the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3 may be detected by the liquid level sensor 6 provided in the cultivation device 1, or the user who uses the cultivation device 1 may visually detect the decrease. You may confirm the decrease of the cultivation liquid 3.

栽培液3を供給する工程は、栽培液供給部7を動作させて培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する。栽培液供給部7は、液面センサ6が栽培液3の減少を検出したことに基づき自動で動作させられてもよいし、栽培装置1を使用する使用者により手動で動作させられてもよい。 In the step of supplying the cultivation liquid 3, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 is operated to supply the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium unit 2. The cultivation liquid supply unit 7 may be automatically operated based on the fact that the liquid level sensor 6 detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid 3, or may be manually operated by the user who uses the cultivation apparatus 1. ..

塩分濃度監視部8が貯留槽4内の栽培液3の塩分濃度を監視する工程は、貯留槽4内の底部付近に配設された電気伝導度センサ8aが貯留槽4内の栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定することにより実現される。測定された電気伝導度は、記録部に時系列で記録される。 In the step of monitoring the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 by the salt concentration monitoring unit 8, the electric conductivity sensor 8a arranged near the bottom of the storage tank 4 is the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4. It is realized by measuring the electrical conductivity. The measured electrical conductivity is recorded in a recording unit in chronological order.

[利点]
当該栽培装置1は、底面給水式の装置であるが、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給する栽培液供給部7を備えるので、貯留槽内に栽培液を補充する一般的な底面給水式の装置とは異なる。当該栽培装置1及び当該栽培方法は、培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給するので、培地部2を逆洗し、培地部2中の塩類集積を抑制できる。
[advantage]
The cultivation device 1 is a bottom water supply type device, but since it includes a cultivation liquid supply unit 7 that supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium unit 2, it is common to replenish the cultivation liquid in the storage tank. It is different from the bottom water supply type device. Since the cultivation device 1 and the cultivation method supply the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium portion 2, the medium portion 2 can be backwashed and the accumulation of salts in the medium portion 2 can be suppressed.

また、当該栽培装置1は、液面センサ6が貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少を検出した際に、栽培液供給部7が培地部2に向かって上方から栽培液3を供給し、液面センサ6が貯留槽4内の栽培液3の増加を検出した際に、栽培液供給部7が栽培液3の供給を停止するので、培地部2中に集積した塩類を短時間で効率よく洗い流すことができる。また、当該栽培装置1は、栽培液供給部7が必要以上に栽培液3を供給しないので、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の液面高さの上昇を抑制できる。 Further, in the cultivation device 1, when the liquid level sensor 6 detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 supplies the cultivation liquid 3 from above toward the medium unit 2. When the liquid level sensor 6 detects an increase in the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 stops the supply of the cultivation liquid 3, so that the salts accumulated in the medium unit 2 are efficiently utilized in a short time. Can be washed off well. Further, in the cultivation apparatus 1, since the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 does not supply the cultivation liquid 3 more than necessary, it is possible to suppress an increase in the liquid level of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4.

また、培地の塩類集積を監視するための一般的な手法は、培地の一部を採取し、採取した培地に含まれる水分を除去し、除去した水分の量の5倍程度の精製水でこの培地を洗浄し、洗浄後の水の電気伝導度を測定し、測定した電気伝導度を希釈率である1/5で換算するという手順を実行するものであるが、この手法は非常に手間がかかる。一方、当該栽培装置1及び当該栽培方法は、培地部2から洗い流された塩類が溶け込んだ栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定するので、間接的に培地部2の塩類集積を監視できる。したがって、当該栽培装置1及び当該栽培方法は、従来のように手間をかけることなく簡単に培地部2の塩類集積を監視できる。 In addition, a general method for monitoring the accumulation of salts in the medium is to collect a part of the medium, remove the water contained in the collected medium, and use purified water about 5 times the amount of the removed water. The procedure is to wash the medium, measure the electrical conductivity of the washed water, and convert the measured electrical conductivity to 1/5 of the dilution ratio, but this method is very time-consuming. It takes. On the other hand, since the cultivation apparatus 1 and the cultivation method measure the electrical conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 in which the salts washed away from the medium portion 2 are dissolved, the salt accumulation in the medium portion 2 can be indirectly monitored. Therefore, the cultivation device 1 and the cultivation method can easily monitor the accumulation of salts in the medium portion 2 without taking time and effort as in the conventional case.

[他の実施形態]
今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
[Other Embodiments]
It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, but is indicated by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims. To.

上記実施形態では、栽培装置1が、塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部8を備えるものについて説明したが、図2に示すように、栽培装置1が塩分濃度監視部8を備えていなくてもよい。この場合であっても、栽培装置1は、培地部2中に集積した塩類を短時間で効率よく洗い流すことができるとともに、培地部2中の塩類集積を抑制できる。 In the above embodiment, the cultivation device 1 including the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 for monitoring the salt concentration has been described, but as shown in FIG. 2, even if the cultivation device 1 does not include the salt concentration monitoring unit 8. Good. Even in this case, the cultivation apparatus 1 can efficiently wash away the salts accumulated in the medium portion 2 in a short time, and can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium portion 2.

上記実施形態では、塩分濃度監視部8が、貯留槽4内の栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサ8aを有しているものについて説明したが、塩分濃度を監視するためのセンサは、電気伝導度を測定するセンサに限定されない。例えば、塩分濃度監視部8が、電気抵抗率を測定するセンサを有していてもよいし、光の屈折率を測定するセンサを有していてもよい。 In the above embodiment, the salt concentration monitoring unit 8 having the electric conductivity sensor 8a for measuring the electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 has been described, but for monitoring the salt concentration. The sensor is not limited to the sensor that measures the electrical conductivity. For example, the salinity monitoring unit 8 may have a sensor for measuring the electrical resistivity, or may have a sensor for measuring the refractive index of light.

上記実施形態では、栽培液供給部7が、液面センサ6が栽培液3の増加を検出した際に、栽培液3の供給を停止するものについて説明したが、このようなものに限定されない。例えば、栽培液供給部7が、栽培液3の供給を開始してから一定時間後に栽培液3の供給を停止するものであってもよい。 In the above embodiment, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 has described the case where the liquid level sensor 6 stops the supply of the cultivation liquid 3 when the liquid level sensor 6 detects an increase in the cultivation liquid 3, but the present invention is not limited to such a case. For example, the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 may stop the supply of the cultivation liquid 3 after a certain period of time after starting the supply of the cultivation liquid 3.

また、上記実施形態では、栽培装置1が、1つの液面センサ6で貯留槽4内の栽培液3の減少及び増加を検出するものについて説明したが、このようなものに限定されず、栽培装置1が、複数の液面センサを備えていてもよい。例えば、栽培装置1が、高さの異なる2つの液面センサを備え、下側の液面センサで栽培液の減少を検出し、上側の液面センサで栽培液3の増加を検出してもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, the cultivation device 1 detects the decrease and increase of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 with one liquid level sensor 6, but the cultivation is not limited to such a device. The device 1 may include a plurality of liquid level sensors. For example, even if the cultivation device 1 is provided with two liquid level sensors having different heights, the lower liquid level sensor detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid, and the upper liquid level sensor detects an increase in the cultivation liquid 3. Good.

以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

[実施例1]
図1の栽培装置1を用い、フェンロー型温室内においてトマト栽培による比較実験を行った。培地部2は、厚さ3cm及び底面積150cmのルナサンドH砂(ルナサンド社製)を使用し、栽培液3は、OATハウス肥料SA処方(OATアグリオ社製)を使用した。また、栽培液3の液面から透水シート9の中央底面までの水位差が6.5cmとなる高さで栽培液の供給を開始し、この水位差が5.5cmとなる高さで栽培液の供給を停止するように栽培液を供給した。この比較実験では2種類の供給方法で栽培液を供給した。
[Example 1]
Using the cultivation device 1 of FIG. 1, a comparative experiment was conducted by cultivating tomatoes in a Venlo-type greenhouse. The medium part 2 used Lunasand H sand (manufactured by Lunasand) having a thickness of 3 cm and a bottom area of 150 cm 2 , and the cultivation liquid 3 used OAT house fertilizer SA formulation (manufactured by OAT Agrio). In addition, the cultivation liquid was started to be supplied at a height where the water level difference from the liquid level of the cultivation liquid 3 to the central bottom surface of the water permeable sheet 9 was 6.5 cm, and the cultivation liquid was at a height where this water level difference was 5.5 cm. The cultivation liquid was supplied so as to stop the supply of. In this comparative experiment, the cultivation liquid was supplied by two kinds of supply methods.

栽培液の供給方法は以下の通りとした。
[試験No.1]
1時間当たり1.6Lとなる吐出速度で栽培液供給部7からトマトの株元から3〜5cmとなる培地部2上面へ栽培液3を供給する。
[試験No.2]
栽培液供給部7を使用せず、貯留槽4内に直接栽培液3を供給する。
The method of supplying the cultivation liquid was as follows.
[Test No. 1]
The cultivation liquid 3 is supplied from the cultivation liquid supply unit 7 to the upper surface of the medium portion 2 which is 3 to 5 cm from the root of the tomato at a discharge rate of 1.6 L per hour.
[Test No. 2]
The cultivation liquid 3 is directly supplied into the storage tank 4 without using the cultivation liquid supply unit 7.

試験No.1により栽培されたトマトの可販果収量及び試験No.2により栽培されたトマトの可販果収量の比は、6.1:3.2であった。また、試験No.1により栽培されたトマトの平均糖度は、5.6°Bxであり、試験No.2により栽培されたトマトの平均糖度は、5.6°Bxであった。これらのことから、試験No.1の実施例は、試験No.2の比較例よりもトマトの可販果収量を増加させることがわかった。 Test No. Sellable fruit yield and test No. of tomatoes cultivated in No. 1. The ratio of the salable fruit yields of the tomatoes cultivated in 2 was 6.1: 3.2. In addition, the test No. The average sugar content of the tomatoes cultivated in No. 1 was 5.6 ° Bx. The average sugar content of the tomatoes cultivated in 2 was 5.6 ° Bx. Based on these facts, Test No. In the example of No. 1, the test No. It was found that the yield of tomatoes sold was increased as compared with the comparative example of 2.

[実施例2]
図1の栽培装置を用い、フェンロー型温室内においてトマト栽培を行い、培地部2の塩類集積を監視する実験を行った。この実験では、2種類の監視方法で培地部2の塩類集積を監視した。
[Example 2]
Using the cultivation equipment shown in FIG. 1, tomatoes were cultivated in a Venlo-type greenhouse, and an experiment was conducted to monitor the accumulation of salts in the medium part 2. In this experiment, the salt accumulation in the medium part 2 was monitored by two kinds of monitoring methods.

監視方法は以下の通りとした。
[試験No.3]
貯留槽4内の底部付近に設けた電気伝導度センサ8aを用いて貯留槽4内の栽培液3の電気伝導度を測定する。電気伝導度の測定は5分間毎に行い、得られた測定データは1か月に4回の間隔で栽培装置1から取得する。
[試験No.4]
培地部2の培地の一部を採取し、採取した培地に含まれる水分を除去し、除去した水分の量の5倍程度の精製水でこの培地を洗浄し、洗浄後の水の電気伝導度を測定し、測定した電気伝導度を希釈率である1/5で換算する。培地の採取は、1か月に4回の間隔で行う。
The monitoring method was as follows.
[Test No. 3]
The electric conductivity of the cultivation liquid 3 in the storage tank 4 is measured by using the electric conductivity sensor 8a provided near the bottom of the storage tank 4. The electrical conductivity is measured every 5 minutes, and the obtained measurement data is acquired from the cultivation device 1 at intervals of 4 times a month.
[Test No. 4]
A part of the medium of the medium part 2 is collected, water contained in the collected medium is removed, and this medium is washed with purified water about 5 times the amount of the removed water, and the electrical conductivity of the washed water. Is measured, and the measured electrical conductivity is converted at 1/5 which is the dilution rate. The medium is collected at intervals of 4 times a month.

試験No.3及び試験No.4の監視方法で培地部2の塩類集積を1か月間監視し、監視に要した時間を測定した。なお、試験No.3の監視方法では、電気伝導度センサ8aの設置時間を測定時間に加算した。 Test No. 3 and test No. The salt accumulation in the medium part 2 was monitored for one month by the monitoring method of No. 4, and the time required for monitoring was measured. In addition, the test No. In the monitoring method of No. 3, the installation time of the electric conductivity sensor 8a was added to the measurement time.

試験No.4の比較例では測定時間が120分であったのに対し、試験No.3の実施例では測定時間が30分であった。また、試験No.4では1か月間で4回分の測定データが得られたのに対し、試験No.3では1か月間を通して5分間毎の測定データが得られた。これらのことから、試験No.3の実施例は、培地部2の塩類集積を監視する手間を大幅に削減し、かつ培地部2の塩類集積を監視する頻度を高めることがわかった。 Test No. In the comparative example of No. 4, the measurement time was 120 minutes, whereas the test No. 4 was used. In Example 3, the measurement time was 30 minutes. In addition, the test No. In No. 4, the measurement data for 4 times was obtained in one month, whereas the test No. 4 was obtained. In No. 3, measurement data was obtained every 5 minutes throughout the month. Based on these facts, Test No. It was found that the example of No. 3 significantly reduced the labor for monitoring the salt accumulation in the medium part 2 and increased the frequency of monitoring the salt accumulation in the medium part 2.

本発明の栽培装置及び栽培方法は、底面給水式の給水を行いつつ培地部中の塩類集積を抑制できる。このため、当該栽培装置及び当該栽培方法は、作物の収量を増加させることができる。 The cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of the present invention can suppress the accumulation of salts in the medium while performing bottom water supply type water supply. Therefore, the cultivation device and the cultivation method can increase the yield of crops.

1 栽培装置
2 培地部
3 栽培液
4 貯留槽
5 送液部
6 液面センサ
7 栽培液供給部
8 塩分濃度監視部
8a 電気伝導度センサ
9 透水シート
10 土台
1 Cultivation equipment 2 Medium part 3 Cultivation liquid 4 Storage tank 5 Liquid supply part 6 Liquid level sensor 7 Cultivation liquid supply part 8 Salt concentration monitoring part 8a Electrical conductivity sensor 9 Water permeable sheet 10 Base

Claims (5)

作物を着生させる培地部と、
栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、
上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、
上記貯留槽内の栽培液の減少及び増加を検出する液面センサと、
上記液面センサが栽培液の減少を検出した際に、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部と
上記貯留槽内の栽培液の塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部と、を備え、
前記貯留槽に貯留される栽培液は、前記栽培液供給部によって前記培地部の上方から供給され、前記培地部及び前記送液部に広がってから前記貯留槽に到達する栽培液のみである、栽培装置。
The medium part for growing crops and
A storage tank that stores the cultivation liquid and
A liquid feeding part which is arranged between the medium part and the storage tank and supplies the cultivation liquid in the storage tank to the bottom of the medium part by capillarity.
A liquid level sensor that detects a decrease or increase in the cultivation liquid in the storage tank,
When the liquid level sensor detects a decrease in the cultivation liquid, the cultivation liquid supply unit that supplies the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium portion and the cultivation liquid supply unit .
It is equipped with a salinity monitoring unit that monitors the salinity of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank.
The cultivated liquid stored in the storage tank is only the cultivated liquid that is supplied from above the medium portion by the cultivated liquid supply unit, spreads to the medium portion and the liquid feeding portion, and then reaches the storage tank. Cultivation equipment.
上記栽培液供給部は、上記液面センサが栽培液の増加を検出した際に、栽培液の供給を停止する請求項1に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation liquid supply unit stops the supply of the cultivation liquid when the liquid level sensor detects an increase in the cultivation liquid. 上記塩分濃度監視部が、The salinity monitoring unit
栽培液の電気伝導度を測定する電気伝導度センサを有し、It has an electrical conductivity sensor that measures the electrical conductivity of the cultivation liquid,
上記貯留槽内の栽培液の電気伝導度に基づき上記塩分濃度を監視する請求項1または2に記載の栽培装置。The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the salt concentration is monitored based on the electrical conductivity of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank.
栽培装置を用いる栽培方法であって、It is a cultivation method that uses a cultivation device.
上記栽培装置が、作物を着生させる培地部と、栽培液を貯留する貯留槽と、上記培地部及び上記貯留槽間に配設され、上記貯留槽内の栽培液を毛管現象により培地部の底部に供給する送液部と、上記培地部に向かって上方から栽培液を供給する栽培液供給部と、塩分濃度を監視する塩分濃度監視部と、を備え、The cultivation device is arranged between a medium portion for growing crops, a storage tank for storing the cultivation liquid, and the medium portion and the storage tank, and the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is formed in the medium portion by capillarity. It is provided with a liquid feeding unit for supplying to the bottom, a cultivation liquid supply unit for supplying the cultivation liquid from above toward the medium portion, and a salt concentration monitoring unit for monitoring the salt concentration.
前記貯留槽に貯留される栽培液は、前記栽培液供給部によって前記培地部の上方から供給され、前記培地部及び前記送液部に広がってから前記貯留槽に到達する栽培液のみであり、The cultivated liquid stored in the storage tank is only the cultivated liquid that is supplied from above the medium portion by the cultivated liquid supply unit, spreads to the medium portion and the liquid feeding portion, and then reaches the storage tank.
上記貯留槽内の栽培液が減少した際に、上記栽培液供給部が栽培液を供給する工程を有する栽培方法。A cultivation method comprising a step of supplying a cultivation liquid by the cultivation liquid supply unit when the cultivation liquid in the storage tank is reduced.
上記塩分濃度監視部が上記貯留槽内の栽培液の塩分濃度を監視する工程をさらに有する請求項4に記載の栽培方法。The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the salt concentration monitoring unit further includes a step of monitoring the salt concentration of the cultivation liquid in the storage tank.
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