CN106114405A - 用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件 - Google Patents

用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件 Download PDF

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CN106114405A
CN106114405A CN201610301492.7A CN201610301492A CN106114405A CN 106114405 A CN106114405 A CN 106114405A CN 201610301492 A CN201610301492 A CN 201610301492A CN 106114405 A CN106114405 A CN 106114405A
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plate
vehicle
deadener
wire harness
porous
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池田桂
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Yazaki Corp
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种用于车辆的隔音材料，其具有局部不同的吸音特性。在用于车辆的隔音材料中，板状本体局部层压在形成为板状或大致板状的柔性多孔本体的至少一个表面上。

Description

用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的隔音材料，其布置在车辆的内部与车辆的外部之间，并且防止声音从车辆外侧侵入到车辆内部，以及一种线束组件，其中，线束组装在用于车辆的隔音材料上。
背景技术
为了安静地使车辆的内部远离车辆外部的声音(包括行驶车辆的轮胎和发动机所产生的声音)，多孔材料或复合材料布置在构成车辆内壁的部件的背侧，该复合材料通过将由树脂制成的板状外壳附着到诸如软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料或者毛毡布这样纤维材料而形成(专利文献1和2)。
这里，已知多孔材料的吸音性在高频区域中变为高的(参见图6)，并且薄膜材料的吸音性在薄膜的共振频率内变为高的。换句话说，在多孔材料中，低频区域的吸音性为低的，并且在薄膜材料中，难以获得在宽范围的频率区域内的吸音性。当将它们简单地组合时，如图6B的模型视图所示，薄膜振动型的吸音特性是占有优势的，并且从而不能够期待图6A所示的多孔型的吸音特性的组合效果。
而且，例如，在靠近电机的部分中，电机的频率范围的吸音特性是高的，并且在轮胎附近轮胎噪音的频率范围的吸音特性是高的。此外，在可能产生风噪音的部分中，根据风噪音的吸音特性是高的。由此，期待具有局部不同的吸音特性的用于车辆的隔音材料的请求。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1：JP 2006-240207 A
专利文献2：JP 2005-120547 A
发明内容
本发明了改进了以上问题。更具体地，本发明的目的是提供一种用于车辆的隔音材料，其中，能够预期局部不同的吸音特性，并且提供了一种线束组件，其中，线束组装在用于车辆的隔音材料中。
为了解决以上问题，本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料具有：板状本体，其局部地层压在柔性多孔本体的至少一个表面上，该多孔本体形成为板状或者大致板状。
在本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料中，多个通孔被设置在所述板状本体的至少一部分上。
所述多个通孔包括具有彼此不同的形状的两种以上类型的通孔。
本发明的线束组件具有线束，其布置在用于车辆的隔音材料的内部。
在本发明的线束组件中，所述线束布置在所述多孔本体与所述板状本体的层压表面中。
根据本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料，板状本体局部层压在形成为板状或者大致板状的柔性多孔本体的一个表面上。因此，能够适当地将能够利用板状本体而使特定的频率范围静音的部分与能够利用柔性多孔本体而使相对高的频率范围静音的部分组合，并且从而能够预期到局部不同的吸音特性。
根据本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料，多个通孔设置在板状本体的 至少一部分上。因此，能够调整吸音特性。
所述多个通孔包括具有彼此不同的形状的两种以上类型的通孔。因此，能够在需要的位置处布置所需形状的通孔，并且能够调整精细的吸音特性。
此外，线束布置在用于车辆的隔音材料的内部。从而，能够在适当的位置安装用于车辆的隔音材料的同时安装线束组件。从而，能够提高对车体的操作效率。
此外，线束布置在多孔本体与板状本体的层压表面中。从而，能够容易地进行线束的组装操作。
附图说明
图1A是示出组装线束的状态的视图；
图1B是示出在组装线束之后的状态的视图；
图1C示出了多孔型的吸音特性；
图1D示出了薄膜振动型的吸音特性；
图1E是多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特性的组合实例；
图1F是与图1E不同的多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特性的组合实例的另一个组合实例；
图2是示出板状本体与多孔本体的层压状态互相不同的三种类型的实例的模型视图；
图3A是包括多个通孔的板状本体与多孔本体层压的层压产品的模型视图；
图3B示出了所述层压产品的吸音特性的一个实例；
图4是示出了其中包括多个通孔的板状本体与多孔本体层压的用于车辆的隔音材料的实例的模型视图；
图5是示出了其中包括两种类型的通孔的板状本体与多孔本体层 压的用于车辆的隔音材料的实例的模型视图；以及
图6是多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特性的模型视图。
参考标记列表
1、1a 板状本体
2 多孔本体
3 线束
4、4a、4b、4c 通孔
具体实施方式
图1A至1B是示出本发明的线束组件的一个实例A的模型图，并且图1C至1F是本发明的线束组件的吸音特性的说明图。
图1A示出了在组装线束之前的状态，并且图2B示出了在组装线束之后的状态。在图1B中，在该实例中，板状本体1层压在大致板状的柔性多孔本体2(后文中，简称为“多孔本体”)的一个表面的一部分上。由扁平电缆和一组电线组成的线束3布置在多孔本体2与板状本体1之间。
多孔本体2与板状本体1结合到一起并且一体化。因此，通过仅将线束组件A并入到车体内，完成了将线束3组装到车体内的组装，并且从而能够提高车辆周围的操作效率。此外，能够省略外部件和固定部件，并且从而能够减小重量和成本。此外，在图1B中，示出了多孔本体2中的没有层压板状本体1的部分。
这里，将描述线束组件A的吸音特性。在图1C中，示出了多孔本体2的多孔型的吸音特性，并且在图1D中示出了板状本体1上的薄膜振动型的吸音特性。此时，根据板状本体1与多孔本体2层压的增压区域的尺寸或者层压区域的位置，例如，能够将多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特征组合，如图1E的实线所示，并且能够将两个 吸音特性组合，如图1F的实线所示。而且，图1E中的实线表明在不层压板状本体的区域附近的部分中的吸音特性(薄膜振动型的吸音特性的影响为小的)。图1F中的实线表明在层压了板状本体的区域附近的部分中的吸音特征(薄膜振动型的吸音特性的影响为大的)。
而且，在图1A和1B中，示出了线束组件的实例。当在没有线束的情况下层压多孔本体和板状本体时，它们作为用于车辆的隔音材料。后文中，它们被称为包含它们的“用于车辆的隔音材料”。
接着，图2示出了层压多孔本体和板状本体的区域的设定实例。在图2A中，示出了在多孔本体2的图中的两个底部上都不层压板状本体1的区域的实例。在图2B中，示出了在多孔本体2的图中的左右底部上不层压板状本体1的区域的实例。
而且，在图2C中，示出了这样的实例：不层压板状本体1的区域设置在多孔本体2的图中的底部和左端底部处，并且层压板状本体1的区域设置在左底部处。而且，板状本体1a可以层压为与板状本体1相同。此外，具有不同厚度或者不同构成材料的板状本体1a可以层压。此外可以使用分割为两部分以上的板状本体。
作为在本发明中使用的多孔本体，提及了例如由聚氨酯树脂(聚胺酯橡胶)、硅树酯(硅橡胶)等组成的具有开放式泡体的发泡体。如果多孔本体是不具有开放式泡体的闭合式泡体，则不能够确保充分的吸音性能。
多孔本体的它们的材质或者厚度以及气泡的尺寸和气泡率(cell ratio)影响用于车辆的隔音材料的吸音性能。由此，当形成多孔本体时通过适当地调整成型条件(基体树脂的类型、使用的发泡剂的种类和量、以及成型温度)或者在成型之后的处理条件，而生产多孔本体2。
另外，作为本发明中的柔性多孔本体，可以使用由诸如聚丙烯或者聚酯(聚对酞酸乙二酯)这样的纤维组成的无纺布(包括毛毡布)。在这种情况下，适当地选择无纺布的厚度或者其基重。
作为用于本发明的板状本体，提及了由氯乙烯树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、以及各种弹性体等组成的板状本体，以及由他们的原材料制成的发泡体的板状本体。此外，当使用发泡体的板状本体时，因为能够获得高的吸音性能，所以发泡体优选地由闭合式泡体组成。
板状本体的材质或者厚度影响用于车辆的隔音材料的吸音性能。因此，为了获得期望的吸音性能，适当地选择板状本体的材料的品质或者厚度。
在本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料中，板状本体能够层压在多孔材料的一个表面上或者两个表面上。在这种情况下，层压的区域在两个表面中可以不匹配。此外，板状本体类型可以不同，并且可以根据需要的吸音性能而适当的层压板状本体。此外，板状本体自身可以整体地层压，或者多个板状本体可以局部重叠。在这种情况下，各个不同的板状本体可以重叠。
在本发明中使用的板状本体的区域的至少一部分中，能够设置多个通孔。通孔的尺寸和布置密度(根据这些设定孔径比)影响用于车辆的隔音材料的吸音性能。由此，为了获得需要的吸音性能，适当的确定通孔的尺寸和布置密度。此处，例如，当通孔形成为圆形时，为了确保良好的吸音性能，通孔的直径可以等于或者大于2.5mm且等于或者小于10mm，并且通孔之间的距离可以等于或者大于10mm且等于或者小于100mm。在该情况下，布置通孔的区域的孔径比等于或者大于1％，并且等于或者小于40％。此外，当通孔不形成为圆形时，为了确保良好的吸音性能，与圆形相对应的直径可以等于或者大于2.5mm，并且等于或者小于10mm。
在图3A中，示出了层压产品的模型视图，其中，包括多个通孔4的板状本体1与多孔本体2层压。在图3B中，示出了层压产品的吸音特性的一个实例。这样的层压产品能够具有薄膜振动型的吸音特性和多孔型的吸音特性两者，并且能够具有从低频区域到高频区域的宽范围的吸音性。因此，如果在用于车辆的隔音材料中提供了用于宽范围的吸音特性，则能够通过在板状本体中布置多个通孔而响应该情况。而且，能够利用通孔的尺寸或者通孔的布置密度来调整吸音特性。
在图4A-4G中，示出了使用设置了多个通孔的板状本体的用于车辆的隔音材料的实例。在图4A中，示出了在图2A中示出的整个板状本体中设置通孔4的实例。在图4B中，示出了在图2B中示出的整个板状本体中设置通孔4的实例。
在本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料中，通孔能够仅布置在板状本体的区域的一部分中，而不是整个板状本体中。图4C和4D示出了如此的实例。图4C是具有彼此不同的直径的两种类型的圆形通孔4和4a分别设置在图2A所示的板状本体1的上侧的左右区域中的实例。图4D是四边形通孔4b和面积比通孔4b小的三角形通孔4c分别设置在图2C所示的板状本体1的左和右区域中的实例。以这种方式，当设置通孔时，能够将其设置为尺寸或者形状彼此不同。此外，通过以这种方式改变用于设置通孔的条件，合成了图4E所示的多孔型的吸音特性与图4F中示出的将多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特性合成的复合吸音特性，并且从而，能够获得如图4G中的实线示出的吸音特性(在图4G中，虚线示出了多孔型的吸音特性，并且单点划线示出了复合吸音特性，其将多孔型的吸音特性与薄膜振动型的吸音特性合成)。
此外，在图5A中示出的用于车辆的隔音材料的实例中的区域5a-5f的各自的吸音特性在图5B中作为模型示出。在区域5a中，层压了不设置通孔的板状本体1。在区域5b中，相对大的圆形通孔4设置在层 压的板状本体1上。在区域5c中，相对小的圆形通孔4a设置在有限的板状本体上。在区域5d中，不层压板状本体1。
以这种方式，能够通过适当选择板状本体的层压的存在与否、通孔的存在与否、或者通孔的形状，而获得各种吸音特性。
此外，在图5C中，示出了图2C中示出的板状本体1中具有圆形通孔4的用于车辆的隔音材料的实例。
能够使用本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料用于门饰板。此外，其可以用于顶棚、仪表板、地板等。而且，本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料利用其结构而具有以上隔音效果，同时具有用于防止热量或者冷气进入车室内的热屏蔽效果。
参考优选实施例而说明了本发明，然而本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件不限于此。
本领域的技术人员能够适当地改变本发明的用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件。能够在本发明的范围内做出各种改变和修改。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于车辆的隔音材料，包括：
板状本体，该板状本体局部地层压在柔性的多孔本体的至少一个表面上，该多孔本体形成为板状或者大致板状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔音材料，其中，
多个通孔被设置在所述板状本体的至少一部分上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隔音材料，其中，
所述多个通孔包括具有彼此不同的形状的两种以上类型的通孔。
4.一种线束组件，包括：
线束，该线束布置在根据权利要求1至3中的任意一项所述的用于车辆的隔音材料的内部。
5.根据权利要求4所述的线束，其中，
所述线束布置在所述多孔本体与所述板状本体的层压表面中。
CN201610301492.7A 2015-05-08 2016-05-09 用于车辆的隔音材料和线束组件 Pending CN106114405A (zh)

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