CN106103492A - 多糖的羧酸酯 - Google Patents
多糖的羧酸酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106103492A CN106103492A CN201580015554.1A CN201580015554A CN106103492A CN 106103492 A CN106103492 A CN 106103492A CN 201580015554 A CN201580015554 A CN 201580015554A CN 106103492 A CN106103492 A CN 106103492A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polysaccharide
- polyvalent carboxylic
- carboxylic ester
- weight
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 6
- -1 polysaccharide trimellitic anhydride Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical group O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
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- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
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- C08B37/0051—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Fructofuranans, e.g. beta-2,6-D-fructofuranan, i.e. levan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0054—Inulin, i.e. beta-2,1-D-fructofuranan; Derivatives thereof
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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Abstract
本发明涉及多糖的羧酸酯,其特征在于它具有与偏苯三酸酐的酯键且可溶于水。将多糖用偏苯三酸酐酯化并且该多糖的取代程度为0.5‑3。本发明进一步涉及在有机溶剂中、在水中或者在挤出机或捏合机中制造这些多糖酯的方法及其在织物和家用护理配制剂中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及多糖的羧酸酯,其特征在于它具有与偏苯三酸酐的酯键且可溶于水。本发明进一步涉及制造这些多糖酯的方法及其在织物和家用护理配制剂中的用途。
由于对环境友好和可持续的聚合物的需求不断增加,在织物护理、家用护理领域以及还有水处理领域中开发可生物降解聚合物变得越来越重要。用于洗衣或自动洗餐具应用的典型现有技术聚合物不可生物降解。可以通过自由基聚合得到且包含含有羧基和/或磺酸基团的单体的聚合物许多年来已经成为含磷酸盐和不含磷酸盐的织物和家用护理配制剂的重要成分。由于其污垢分散和沉积物抑制效果,它们显著贡献于织物和家用护理配制剂的清洁和漂洗性能。例如,它们确保没有形成硬度的钙和镁离子的盐沉积物残留在器皿或纺织品上。这些聚合物也用于水输送系统中作为在换热表面上或在管线中防止矿物沉积物如钙和镁硫酸盐、氢氧化镁、钙和钡硫酸盐以及磷酸钙的试剂。这里提到的水输送系统尤其是冷却和锅炉给水系统以及工业过程水。然而,这些聚合物也在海水或微咸水通过蒸馏和通过膜方法如反渗透或电渗析脱盐中用作阻垢剂。
这些可以通过自由基聚合得到且包含含有羧基和/或磺酸基团的单体的聚合物的一个缺点是它们不可生物降解。
已经做了许多尝试以发现丙烯酸基分散剂和防垢剂的可生物降解替代品:
WO 01/00771 A1报道了在水中用乙酸酐酯化果聚糖及其作为助漂剂的用途。所得乙酰化果聚糖的取代程度为0.4-2.5。
US 5,877,144描述了具有至少6个连接在一起的单糖单元的菊粉的脂族羧酸酯,其中该菊粉用羧酸的酸酐如乙酸酐、月桂酸酐、棕榈酸酐酯化。该菊粉酯具有小于0.5的取代程度且被提议作为表面活性剂。
Makromol.Chem.187,125-131(1986)提到通过用琥珀酸酐酯化的菊粉衍生物以及4-二甲氨基吡啶和1-甲基咪唑作为酰化催化剂的用途。
Carbohydrate Polymers 64(2006)484-487描述了在水和有机溶剂如二甲亚砜中用琥珀酸酐酯化淀粉以及形成可生物降解的水凝胶。
US 2011/0257124 A1提到包含用二羧酸和/或三羧酸酯化的单糖单体的多糖渗透剂(osmotic)。该三羧酸为柠檬酸。该渗透剂用于腹膜透析处理用透析溶液中。
EP 1 939 219 A1公开了未交联、高度柠檬酸酯化的水溶性多糖、在有机溶剂中的其制备方法及其在化妆品和药物配制剂中的用途。
EP 0 703 243 A1描述了一种在包含至多25重量%水的混合物中制备具有一个或多个疏水性侧链的多糖的方法。疏水性侧链为C6-C24烷(烯)基化合物,其由淀粉例如用C6-C24烷(烯)基琥珀酸酐酯化而得到。
US 6,063,914提到一种通过使淀粉与马来酸酐在水中反应而生产淀粉马来酸酯的方法。在该酸酐与淀粉的反应过程中,pH在7-11,优选8-9之间维持恒定。
尽管所述酯化多糖中的许多是可生物降解的,但许多未能就其碳酸钙抑制能力呈现可接受的性能。当用于织物和家用护理领域中的应用时,无机垢如碳酸钙的抑制是非常重要的参数。无机垢的抑制使得能够控制水硬度,由此提高洗涤剂如表面活性剂的有效性。有机垢的抑制也防止污物再沉积且对漂洗具有影响,从而能够降低表面如玻璃上的水渍并改善光亮。此外,可生物降解的多糖酯通常在碱性pH下容易水解:这对于其在其中该洗涤液的pH通常为8-11的洗衣和自动洗餐具中的应用而言是个问题。额外地,该类多糖酯在液体织物和家用护理配制剂中的长期稳定性受其不足的水解稳定性影响。尤其对于可生物降解多糖酯中就其碳酸钙抑制能力而言呈现可接受性能的那些,它们的稳定性缺乏导致有效无机垢抑制的降低以及甚至不存在。
因此,本发明的目的是要提供同时可生物降解且可以有利地在水输送系统中用于清洁目的或者用于阻垢目的以及在碱性pH下对水解稳定的物质。本发明的另一目的是要提供可以容易地掺入以其各种存在形式用于清洁目的的配制剂中的物质。
正如由本发明的公开内容可见,惊人地发现这些目的由多糖羧酸酯实现,其中将该多糖用偏苯三酸酐酯化且其中该多糖的取代程度为0.5-3。
优选多糖的取代程度为0.75-3,甚至更优选1-2.5。
该多糖优选为水溶性多糖,如菊粉、麦芽糖糊精、木葡聚糖、藻酸盐、淀粉或其混合物。优选该多糖为菊粉或麦芽糖糊精。应注意的是低分子量水溶性多糖如菊粉和麦芽糖糊精也在某些有机溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜和吡啶中可溶。
淀粉为直链淀粉和支链淀粉的混合物,其中直链淀粉以20-30重量%的量存在于该混合物中且支链淀粉以70-80重量%的量存在于该混合物中。直链淀粉为由α-1,4-连接的D-葡萄糖构成的线性多糖。支链淀粉为与直链淀粉具有相同骨架但每24-30个葡萄糖单元具有α-1,6-连接的支化点的高分子量多糖。
麦芽糖糊精为通过淀粉的部分水解生产且由α-1,4-连接的D-葡萄糖构成的多糖。
木葡聚糖具有β-1,4-连接的葡萄糖残基的骨架,大多数残基被1,6-连接的木糖侧链取代。木糖残基通常被半乳糖残基封端。
藻酸盐为包含以不同的顺序或嵌段共价连接在一起的β-1,4-连接的D-甘露糖醛酸酯和α-L-古洛糖醛酸酯残基的均聚嵌段的线性共聚物。
菊粉为线性多分散性多糖且由在还原端被α-D葡萄糖分子封闭的β-2,1-连接的呋喃型果糖单元的链构成。菊粉的最重要来源是菊苣(Cichorium intybus)、大丽花(DahliaPinuata Cav.)和菊芋(Helianthus tuberosis)。分子量分布和平均链长取决于分离其的植物类型、植物生长过程中的天气条件和植物年龄。菊粉的平均链长可以在3-100内变化。正如本文所用的那样,在6-100个果糖单元内变化的菊粉的平均链长应理解为是指“具有6-100个相互连接的果糖单元的菊粉”。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,该多糖为菊粉且菊粉的平均链长为3-100个果糖单元。优选该多糖为菊粉且菊粉的平均链长为5-50个果糖单元,甚至更优选菊粉的平均链长为10-40个果糖单元。
优选本发明多糖羧酸酯作为阴离子性羧酸盐(例如由式A表示)存在且与阳离子性抗衡离子如钠、钾、镁或钙抗衡离子形成盐。
式A
本发明多糖羧酸酯是水溶性的,以使得仅偏苯三酸酐的酸酐官能团与该多糖反应的方式选择反应条件。偏苯三酸酐的酸官能团不与该多糖反应。这得到不交联且不形成凝胶的产物。
本发明多糖羧酸酯可以通过一种包括如下步骤的方法制造:
i)使该多糖与偏苯三酸酐和催化剂在有机溶剂中混合,其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,
ii)将在步骤i)中得到的溶液在20-100℃的温度下搅拌1-10小时,
iii)通过将氢氧化钠和甲醇的混合物加入在步骤ii)中得到的反应混合物中而沉淀在步骤ii)中得到的酯化聚合物。
应理解的是偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比应该是指偏苯三酸酐与葡糖酐单元AGU的摩尔比(例如在其中该多糖为麦芽糖糊精的情况下)或偏苯三酸酐与脱水果糖单元AFU的摩尔比(例如在其中该多糖为菊粉的情况下)。
有机溶剂可以是吡啶、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈、四氢呋喃、丙酮或其混合物。优选有机溶剂为吡啶、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜或其混合物。
催化剂加速酯化反应且优选为亲核催化剂,尤其是吡啶、4-二甲氨基吡啶、1-甲基咪唑或其混合物。本领域熟练技术人员熟知具有类似活性的其他催化剂。该催化剂还可以是碱如三乙胺。即使将吡啶用作溶剂,它也起催化剂的作用。
存在的催化剂优选以0.0001-1mol/AGU(或/AFU)的量加入该溶液中。
优选步骤ii)的酯化反应通过在40-100℃的温度下混合在步骤i)中得到的溶液而进行,优选混合4-6小时。
偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,优选1:1.5-3:1,甚至更优选1:1-3:1。
然后通过加入氢氧化钠和醇的混合物沉淀而将本发明多糖羧酸酯从该溶液分离。该醇优选为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇,甚至更优选甲醇。
在优选实施方案中,将在步骤iii)中得到的沉淀物过滤,用甲醇洗涤并在20-100℃的温度和常压或更低压力下干燥。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明多糖羧酸酯可以通过一种包括如下步骤的方法制造:
i)使该多糖与水和任选包含1-甲基咪唑的碱水溶液混合,
ii)将在步骤i)中得到的溶液与偏苯三酸酐在0-50℃的温度下搅拌1-10小时,其中通过加入碱水溶液将该溶液的pH维持在pH 8-9并且其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,
iii)任选通过冻干、喷雾干燥或喷雾造粒沉淀在步骤ii)中得到的聚合物。
在含水介质中酯化是环境上更为友好的方法。多糖的酯化通过多糖的离子化羟基和该酸酐之间的亲核取代反应进行。与酯化反应的同时,可能观察到一些水解副产物如由该酸酐形成的偏苯三酸盐。在含水条件下重要的是考虑水解和酯化为竞争性反应。所有反应导致pH降低。因此,重要的是保持该反应恒定于pH为8-9。进一步提高pH导致半酯水解。
优选步骤ii)的酯化反应通过将在步骤i)中得到的溶液在0-30℃的温度下混合而进行,优选混合5-8小时。
偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,优选1:1.5-3:1,甚至更优选1:1-3:1。
pH可以通过加入碱水溶液而维持恒定。尤其有用的是碱金属氢氧化物和碱土金属氢氧化物以及碱金属和/或碱土金属的氧化物和碳酸盐,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铵、氢氧化镁、碳酸钠。优选使用氢氧化钠水溶液来维持该溶液的pH恒定。
喷雾干燥可以在喷雾干燥器,例如喷雾室或喷雾塔中进行。通过一个或多个喷嘴将根据步骤ii)得到的温度优选高于环境温度,例如为50-95℃的溶液引入喷雾干燥器的热气体入口料流,例如氮气或空气中,其中该溶液转化成液滴且水汽化。热气体入口料流可以具有125-350℃的温度。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,使用干燥容器,例如喷雾室或喷雾塔,其中喷雾造粒法通过使用流化床进行。向该干燥容器中加入通过任何干燥方法如上述喷雾干燥得到的本发明多糖羧酸酯的固体混合物的流化床并将本发明多糖羧酸酯的固体混合物的溶液或淤浆与热气体料流一起喷雾于该流化床上或该流化床中。该热气体入口料流可以具有125-350℃,优选160-220℃的温度。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明多糖羧酸酯可以通过使该多糖与偏苯三酸酐在挤出机或捏合机中在不存在溶剂下且在催化剂存在下反应而制造且其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1。该反应还可以在表面活性剂存在下进行,表面活性剂优选基于反应产物的总重量以10-60重量%的量存在,甚至更优选基于反应产物的总重量以20-50%的量存在。优选的表面活性剂是非离子表面活性剂如烷氧基化的线性或支化脂族醇(例如乙氧基化脂肪醇)或氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物。
在另一实施方案中,该反应还可以在分子量为500-12000g/mol的聚乙二醇存在下进行。
该催化剂为亲核催化剂,优选4-二甲氨基吡啶、吡啶或1-甲基咪唑。
本发明多糖羧酸酯可以作为在含水溶剂或有机溶剂中的溶液、粉末或颗粒得到。对本发明而言,包含本发明多糖羧酸酯的粉状材料具有的粒度为1μm-0.1mm且包含本发明多糖羧酸酯的颗粒状材料具有的粒度为0.1-2mm。
包含本发明多糖羧酸酯的组合物
本发明的另一实施方案由包含本发明多糖羧酸酯的水溶液或粉末给出。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及包含本发明多糖羧酸酯的清洁剂,如含有本发明多糖羧酸酯的液体衣用清洁组合物、硬表面清洁组合物、水处理组合物、自动洗餐具洗涤剂组合物或粉末衣用清洁组合物。
术语“清洁剂”包括用于洗餐具,尤其是手洗餐具和自动洗餐具及器皿洗涤的组合物,以及用于硬表面清洁的组合物,如但不限于用于浴室清洁、厨房清洁、地板清洁、管道除垢、窗户清洁、包括卡车清洗在内的汽车清洗,此外还有开放工厂清洁、就地清洁、金属清洁、消毒剂清洁、农场清洁、高压清洁的组合物,此外还有衣用洗涤剂组合物。
该类清洁剂在室温下可以是液体、凝胶或优选固体,优选固体清洁剂。它们可以呈粉末形式或者呈单位剂量形式,例如作为片剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,该清洁剂为包含0.1重量%至约10重量%本发明多糖羧酸酯和1重量%至约70重量%一种或多种表面活性剂的衣用清洁组合物。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,确定用于硬表面清洁的本发明清洁剂可以含有0.1-70重量%至少一种选自非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和胺氧化物表面活性剂的表面活性剂。优选本发明清洁剂为包含0.1重量%至约15重量%本发明多糖羧酸酯,0.1-30重量%漂白剂和任选助漂剂以及1重量%至约30重量%一种或多种表面活性剂的自动洗餐具洗涤剂组合物。
该清洁剂可以含有漂白剂如过氧化合物。合适过氧化合物的实例是无水的或例如作为一水合物或四水合物或所谓的二水合物的过硼酸钠,无水的或例如作为一水合物的过碳酸钠,过氧化氢,过硫酸盐,有机过酸如过氧月桂酸、过氧硬脂酸、过氧-α-萘甲酸、1,12-二过氧十二烷二酸、过苯甲酸、过氧月桂酸、1,9-二过氧壬二酸、二过氧间苯二甲酸,在每种情况下作为游离酸或其碱金属盐,尤其是钠盐,还有磺酰基过氧酸和阳离子过氧酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明清洁剂可以含有1-20重量%本发明多糖羧酸酯和0.5-30重量%漂白剂。
百分数基于相应本发明清洁剂的固体含量。
本发明清洁剂可以含有其他成分如一种或多种可以选自非离子、两性离子、阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。可以含于本发明清洁剂中的其他成分可以选自助漂剂、漂白催化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、螯合剂、香料、染料、消泡剂、助洗剂、共助洗剂和填料如硫酸钠。
特别有利的本发明清洁剂可以含有一种或多种配位剂。优选的配位剂选自次氮基三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸、甲基甘氨酸二乙酸、谷氨酸二乙酸、亚氨基二琥珀酸、羟基亚氨基二琥珀酸、乙二胺二琥珀酸、天冬氨酸二乙酸及其盐。特别优选的配位剂是甲基甘氨酸二乙酸和谷氨酸二乙酸及其盐,尤其是钠盐。
另一类配位剂是带有配位基团的聚合物如其中20-90mol%N原子带有至少一个CH2COO-基团的聚乙烯亚胺,及其相应的碱金属盐,尤其是其钠盐。
本发明清洁剂可以含有一种或多种表面活性剂,优选一种或多种非离子表面活性剂。
优选的非离子表面活性剂是烷氧基化醇,氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的二-和多嵌段共聚物以及脱水山梨糖醇与氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯的反应产物,烷基聚糖苷(APG),羟烷基混合醚和胺氧化物。
烷氧基化醇和烷氧基化脂肪醇的优选实例例如为通式(I)的化合物:
其中各变量如下所定义:
R1相同或不同且选自氢和线性C1-C10烷基,优选在每种情况下相同且为乙基,特别优选氢或甲基,
R2选自线性或支化C8-C22烷基,例如n-C8H17、n-C10H21、n-C12H25、n-C14H29、n-C16H33或n-C18H37,
R3选自C1-C10烷基,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基或异癸基,
m和n为0-300,其中n和m的总和为至少1,优选3-50。优选m为1-100且n为0-30。
在一个实施方案中,通式(I)的化合物可以是嵌段共聚物或无规共聚物,优选嵌段共聚物。
烷氧基化醇的其他优选实例例如为通式(II)的化合物:
其中各变量如下所定义:
R1相同或不同且选自氢和线性C1-C0烷基,优选在每种情况下相同且为乙基,特别优选氢或甲基,
R4选自支化或线性C6-C20烷基,尤其是n-C8H17、n-C10H21、n-C12H25、n-C14H29、n-C16H33、n-C18H37,
a为0-10,优选1-6的数,
b为1-80,优选4-20的数,
d为0-50,优选4-25的数。
总和a+b+d优选为5-100,甚至更优选为9-50。
羟烷基混合醚的优选实例为通式(III)的化合物:
R5-O-[CH2CH(CH3)O]c[CH2CH2O]d[CH2CH(CH3)O]eCH2CH(OH)R6(III),
其中R5为具有4-22个碳原子的线性或支化脂族烃基或其混合物,
R6涉及具有2-26个碳原子的线性或支化烃基或其混合物,
c和e为0-40的值,以及
d为至少15的值。
在本发明范围内还合适的为式(IV)的表面活性剂:
R7O-(CH2CHR8O)f(CH2CH2O)g(CH2CHR9O)h-CO-R10 (IV),
其中R7为具有8-16个碳原子的支化或未支化烷基,
R8、R9相互独立地为H或具有1-5个碳原子的支化或未支化烷基,
R10为具有5-17个碳原子的未支化烷基,
f、h相互独立地为1-5的数,以及
g为13-35的数。
通式(II)、(III)和(IV)的化合物可以是嵌段共聚物或无规共聚物,优选嵌段共聚物。
其他合适的非离子表面活性剂选自包含氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的二-和三嵌段共聚物。其他合适的非离子表面活性剂选自乙氧基化或丙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇酯。同样合适的是胺氧化物或烷基聚糖苷,尤其是线性C4-C16烷基聚葡糖苷和支化C8-C14烷基聚糖苷如平均通式(V)的化合物。
其中各整数如下所定义:
R11为C1-C4烷基,尤其是乙基、正丙基或异丙基,
R12为-(CH2)2-R5,
G1选自具有4-6个碳原子的单糖,尤其选自葡萄糖和木糖,
x为1.1-4,x为平均数。
合适的其他非离子表面活性剂的综述可以在EP-A 0 851 023和DE-A 198 19 187中找到。
还可以存在两种或更多种不同非离子表面活性剂的混合物。
可以存在的其他表面活性剂选自两性(两性离子)表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂及其混合物。
两性表面活性剂的实例是在使用条件下在相同分子中带有正和负电荷的那些。两性表面活性剂的优选实例是所谓的甜菜碱表面活性剂。甜菜碱表面活性剂的许多实例每分子带有一个季化氮原子和一个羧酸基团。两性表面活性剂的特别优选实例是椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(月桂酰胺基丙基甜菜碱)。
胺氧化物表面活性剂的实例是通式(VI)的化合物:
R13R14R15N→O (VI)
其中R13、R14和R15相互独立地选自脂族、脂环族或C2-C4亚烷基-C10-C20烷基酰胺基结构部分。优选R13选自C8-C20烷基或C2-C4亚烷基-C10-C20烷基酰胺基且R14和R15均为甲基。
特别优选的实例是月桂基二甲基胺氧化物,有时也称为月桂胺氧化物。另一特别优选的实例是椰油酰胺基丙基二甲基胺氧化物,有时也称为椰油酰胺基丙基胺氧化物。
合适阴离子表面活性剂的实例是C8-C18烷基硫酸的碱金属和铵盐,C8-C18脂肪醇聚醚硫酸的碱金属和铵盐,乙氧基化C4-C12烷基酚的硫酸半酯(乙氧基化:1-50mol氧化乙烯/mol)的碱金属和铵盐,C12-C18磺基脂肪酸烷基酯的碱金属和铵盐,例如C12-C18磺基脂肪酸甲酯的碱金属和铵盐,此外还有C12-C18烷基磺酸的碱金属和铵盐以及C10-C18烷芳基磺酸的碱金属和铵盐。优选上述化合物的碱金属盐,特别优选钠盐。
合适阴离子表面活性剂的其他实例是皂类,例如硬脂酸、油酸、棕榈酸、醚羧酸和烷基醚磷酸的钠或钾盐。
优选衣用洗涤剂组合物含有至少一种阴离子表面活性剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,确定用作衣用洗涤剂组合物的本发明清洁剂可以含有0.1-70重量%至少一种选自非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和胺氧化物表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
在优选实施方案中,本发明清洁剂不含任何阴离子洗涤剂。
本发明清洁剂可以包含一种或多种漂白催化剂。漂白催化剂可以选自促进漂白的过渡金属盐或过渡金属配合物,例如锰-、铁-、钴-、钌-或钼-salen配合物或羰基配合物。具有含氮三倍体配体(tripod ligand)的锰、铁、钴、钌、钼、钛、钒和铜配合物以及还有钴-、铁-、铜-和钌-胺配合物也可以用作漂白催化剂。
本发明清洁剂可以包含一种或多种助漂剂,例如N-甲基吗啉-乙腈盐(“MMA盐”),三甲基铵乙腈盐,N-酰亚胺,例如N-壬酰基琥珀酰亚胺,正壬酰基-或异壬酰氧基苯磺酸盐,1,5-二乙酰基-2,2-二氧代六氢-1,3,5-三嗪(“DADHT”)或腈季化物(三甲基铵乙腈盐)。
合适助漂剂的其他实例是四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED)和四乙酰基己二胺。
本发明清洁剂可以包含一种或多种腐蚀抑制剂。在该情况下,这应理解为包括抑制金属腐蚀的那些化合物。合适腐蚀抑制剂的实例是三唑类,尤其是苯并三唑类、二苯并三唑类、氨基三唑类、烷基氨基三唑类,还有酚衍生物如氢醌、儿茶酚、羟基氢醌、没食子酸、间苯三酚或焦棓酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明清洁剂总共包含0.1-1.5重量%腐蚀抑制剂。
本发明清洁剂可以含有一种或多种助洗剂或共助洗剂。助洗剂和共助洗剂是水溶性或水不溶性物质,其主要任务在于结合钙和镁离子,由此降低水硬度。共助洗剂通常呈有机性质。它们因其螯合性能以及在聚合物共助洗剂情况下因分散和阻垢性能而支持该助洗剂体系的有效性。
这些可以是低分子量羧酸及其盐,如碱金属柠檬酸盐,尤其是无水柠檬酸三钠及其水合物,碱金属琥珀酸盐,碱金属丙二酸盐,脂肪酸磺酸盐,氧联二琥珀酸盐,烷基或链烯基二琥珀酸盐,酒石酸单琥珀酸盐,酒石酸二琥珀酸盐,酒石酸单乙酸盐,酒石酸二乙酸盐和α-羟基丙酸。
可以存在于本发明清洁剂中的另一类具有共助洗剂性能的物质是膦酸盐生物。这些尤其为羟基链烷烃-或氨基链烷烃膦酸盐,例如羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(“HEDP”)的二钠盐。
另一类助洗剂是磷酸盐如STPP(三聚磷酸五钠)。由于磷酸盐产生环境关切这一事实,优选有利的本发明清洁剂不含磷酸盐。“不含磷酸盐”在本发明上下文中应理解为是指磷酸盐和聚磷酸盐的含量总共为10ppm-0.2重量%,由重量分析法测定且涉及相应的本发明清洁剂。
另一类助洗剂是硅酸盐,尤其是二硅酸钠和偏硅酸钠,沸石,页硅酸盐,尤其是式α-Na2Si2O5、β-Na2Si2O5和δ-Na2Si2O5的那些。
此外,使用碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,其中优选碱金属盐,尤其是钠盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,有机共助洗剂选自聚羧酸盐,例如用碱部分或完全中和的(甲基)丙烯酸均聚物或(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的碱金属盐。
适合(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的共聚单体是单烯属不饱和二羧酸如马来酸、富马酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸和柠康酸。合适的聚合物尤其为聚丙烯酸,其优选具有2000-40 000g/mol,优选3,000-10,000g/mol的平均分子量Mw。
还可以使用至少一种选自单烯属不饱和C3-C10单-或C4-C10二羧酸或其酸酐,如马来酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、衣康酸和柠康酸的单体与至少一种如下所列亲水性或疏水性单体的共聚物。
合适的疏水性单体例如为异戊二烯醇、异丁烯、二异丁烯、丁烯、戊烯、己烯和苯乙烯,具有10个或更多个碳原子或其混合物的烯烃,例如1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-二十碳烯、1-二十二碳烯、1-二十四碳烯和1-二十六碳烯,C22-α-烯烃,C20-C24-α-烯烃的混合物和每分子平均具有12-100个碳原子的聚异丁烯。
合适的亲水性单体是具有磺酸酯或膦酸酯基团的单体,以及还有具有羟基官能团或氧化烯基团的非离子单体。例如可以提到烯丙醇,异戊二烯醇,甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,甲氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,甲氧基聚丁二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,甲氧基聚(氧化丙烯-co-氧化乙烯)(甲基)丙烯酸酯,乙氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,乙氧基聚丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯,乙氧基聚丁二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯和乙氧基聚(氧化丙烯-co-氧化乙烯)(甲基)丙烯酸酯。聚亚烷基二醇这里可以每分子包含3-50个,特别是5-40个,尤其是10-30个氧化烯单元。
特别优选的含磺酸基单体在这里为1-丙烯酰胺基-1-丙烷磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-丙烷磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、3-甲基丙烯酰胺基-2-羟基丙烷磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、甲代烯丙基磺酸、烯丙氧基苯磺酸、甲代烯丙氧基苯磺酸、2-羟基-3-(2-丙烯氧基)丙烷磺酸、2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸、丙烯酸3-磺基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸3-磺基丙基酯、磺基甲基丙烯酰胺、磺基甲基甲基丙烯酰胺以及所述酸的盐,如其钠、钾或铵盐。
特别优选的含膦酸盐基单体为乙烯基膦酸及其盐。
此外,聚天冬氨酸及其盐也可以用作共助洗剂。
本发明清洁剂例如可以包含总共5-70重量%,优选至多50重量%助洗剂和共助洗剂。
本发明清洁剂可以包含一种或多种例如选自硅油和石蜡油的消泡剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明清洁剂总共包含0.05-0.5重量%消泡剂。
本发明清洁剂可以包含一种或多种酶。酶的实例是脂肪酶、水解酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、酯酶、果胶酶、乳糖酶和过氧化物酶。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明清洁剂例如可以包含至多5重量%,优选0.1-3重量%酶。所述酶例如可以用至少一种C1-C3羧酸或C4-C10二羧酸的钠盐稳定化。优选甲酸盐、乙酸盐、己二酸盐和琥珀酸盐。
为了防止由玻璃上的浑浊、晕彩、条纹和线条显示的玻璃腐蚀,使用玻璃腐蚀抑制剂。优选的玻璃腐蚀抑制剂选自镁、锌和铋盐和配合物。
本发明清洁剂对于清洁硬表面和纤维是优异的。
下列实施例说明本发明并证明本发明所带来的益处。
实施例1
将来自大丽花块茎的菊粉(15g,1eq)和偏苯三酸酐(53.4g,3eq)溶于DMF(150g)和1-甲基咪唑(0.78g)中并在70℃下搅拌7h。将反应混合物冷却。将氢氧化钠(44g,50%溶液)在甲醇(750g)中的溶液缓慢加入反应混合物中。将形成的沉淀滤出,用甲醇(100g)洗涤并在烘箱中干燥。取代程度DS 1.6通过13C NMR测定。
实施例2
将来自大丽花块茎的菊粉(45g,1eq)和偏苯三酸酐(133.4g,2.5eq)溶于DMF(450g)和1-甲基咪唑(2.3g)中并在70℃下搅拌7h。将反应混合物冷却。将氢氧化钠(56g,50%溶液)在乙醇(1300g)中的溶液缓慢加入反应混合物中。将形成的沉淀滤出,用甲醇(400g)洗涤并在烘箱中干燥。取代程度DS1.9通过13C NMR测定。
实施例3
在搅拌下将来自大丽花块茎的菊粉(30g,1eq)悬浮于70mL去离子水中。将1-甲基咪唑(0.15g)加入该悬浮液中。通过加入10M NaOH溶液在反应条件下用pH计调节pH。在25℃下在5小时内缓慢加入偏苯三酸酐(106.7g,3eq)。在整个反应时间内pH保持恒定于8.3-8.5。反应的结束在pH保持恒定1小时后确定。在水蒸发之后发现产物为白色粉末。取代程度DS 1.7通过13C NMR测定。
实施例4
在搅拌下将来自大丽花块茎的菊粉(45g,1eq)悬浮于400mL去离子水中并冷却至0℃。通过加入10M NaOH溶液在反应条件下用pH计调节pH。在0℃下在3小时内缓慢加入偏苯三酸酐(106.7g,2eq)。在整个反应时间内pH保持恒定于8.0。反应的结束在pH保持恒定1小时后确定。在水蒸发之后发现产物为白色粉末。取代程度DS 1.7通过13C NMR测定。
实施例5(使用琥珀酸的对比例)
将来自大丽花块茎的菊粉(15g,1eq)和琥珀酸酐(27.8g,3eq)溶于DMF(150g)和1-甲基咪唑(0.78g)中并于40℃下搅拌6h。将反应混合物冷却。将氢氧化钠(22g,50%溶液)在甲醇(650g)中的溶液缓慢加入反应混合物中。将形成的沉淀滤出,用甲醇(100g)洗涤并在烘箱中干燥。取代程度DS 2通过13C NMR测定。
应用测试
CaCO3抑制测试
聚合物防垢剂/分散剂有助于控制水硬度且抑制无机垢的形成。按如下对所有样品进行CaCO3抑制测试:
通过加入已知体积的CaCl2、MgSO4、NaHCO3和聚合物溶液在PE烧杯中制备CaCO3过饱和溶液,得到含有215mg/l Ca(II),43mg/l Mg(II),1220mg/l碳酸氢盐和5mg/l聚合物的溶液。将烧杯盖住,然后放入水浴中并在70℃下振摇2小时。在过滤温热溶液(Milex过滤器,0.45μm)之后通过在Ca(II)选择性电极存在下的EDTA滴定分析滤液的Ca(II)。使用下列等式计算抑制程度:
%抑制=[Ca(II)]s-[Ca(II)]c/[Ca(II)]i-[Ca(II)]c×100%
s 2小时后含阻垢剂的样品
c 2小时后对照
i 初始
条件:
制备本发明聚合物1(用偏苯三酸酐酯化的菊粉,DS 1.6,实施例1)的1重量%水溶液。在调节pH值至10.5之后将该搅拌溶液加热至60℃。在加热过程中pH保持恒定。在60℃下0min、30min、1h、2h、3h、4h和5h之后取样并进行CaCO3抑制测试。用聚合物5(用琥珀酸酐酯化的菊粉,DS 2,实施例5)进行相同测试,结果示于表1中。
表1:聚合物1和聚合物5的CaCO3抑制测试结果
尽管琥珀酸酯化菊粉(聚合物5)的钙抑制能力随时间降低,但菊粉和偏苯三酸酐的酯(聚合物1)显示出稳定的性能。
Claims (16)
1.一种多糖羧酸酯,其中将所述多糖用偏苯三酸酐酯化且其中所述多糖的取代程度为0.5-3。
2.根据权利要求1的多糖羧酸酯,其中所述多糖的取代程度为1-2.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2的多糖羧酸酯,其中所述多糖为菊粉、麦芽糖糊精、木葡聚糖、藻酸盐、淀粉或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多糖羧酸酯,其中所述多糖为菊粉且所述菊粉的平均链长为3-100个果糖单元。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多糖羧酸酯,其中所述多糖为菊粉且所述菊粉的平均链长为10-40个果糖单元。
6.一种制备根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯的方法,包括如下步骤:
i)使所述多糖与偏苯三酸酐和催化剂在有机溶剂中混合,其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,
ii)将在步骤i)中得到的溶液在20-100℃的温度下搅拌1-10小时,
iii)通过将氢氧化钠和醇的混合物加入在步骤ii)中得到的反应混合物中而沉淀在步骤ii)中得到的酯化聚合物。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述溶剂为吡啶、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求6或7的方法,其中所述催化剂为1-甲基咪唑。
9.一种制备根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯的方法,包括如下步骤:
i)使所述多糖与水和任选包含1-甲基咪唑的碱水溶液混合,
ii)将在步骤i)中得到的溶液与偏苯三酸酐在0-50℃的温度下搅拌1-10小时,其中该反应在8-9的pH下进行并且其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1,
iii)任选通过冻干、喷雾干燥或喷雾造粒沉淀在步骤ii)中得到的聚合物。
10.一种制备根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯的方法,其中使所述多糖与偏苯三酸酐在挤出机或捏合机中在催化剂存在下反应并且其中偏苯三酸酐与单糖单元的摩尔比为1:2-4:1。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述多糖在非离子表面活性剂存在下反应。
12.根据权利要求10或11的方法,其中所述催化剂为1-甲基咪唑。
13.一种包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯的水溶液。
14.一种衣用清洁组合物,包含0.1重量%至约10重量%根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯和1重量%至约70重量%一种或多种表面活性剂。
15.一种包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯的粉末。
16.一种自动洗餐具洗涤剂组合物,包含0.1重量%至约15重量%根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多糖羧酸酯,0.1-30重量%漂白剂和任选助漂剂以及1重量%至约30重量%一种或多种表面活性剂。
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EP3170552A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2017-05-24 | Basf Se | Microcapsule comprising a polymeric shell and a hydrophilic or hydrophobic core material |
CN108779212A (zh) | 2016-03-16 | 2018-11-09 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 洗涤和清洁活性聚合物膜,其制备方法及其用途 |
EP3445842B1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2024-08-21 | Basf Se | Method for cleaning hard surfaces, and formulations useful for said method |
EP3561036B1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2023-08-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hard surface cleaners comprising carboxylated fructan |
EP3981795A4 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-12-21 | National University Corporation Kanazawa University | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYSACCHARIDESTER |
WO2022245243A1 (ru) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | "Скайлаб At" | Моющая композиция на основе липазы и бета-циклодекстрина |
EP4321604A1 (en) | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A fabric and home care composition comprising surfactant and a polyester |
WO2024094785A1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | Clariant International Ltd | Polyesters |
WO2024094778A1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | Clariant International Ltd | Polyesters |
WO2024094790A1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | Clariant International Ltd | Polyesters |
WO2024119298A1 (en) | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric and home care composition comprising a polyalkylenecarbonate compound |
WO2024129520A1 (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric and home care composition |
EP4386074A1 (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2024-06-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric and home care composition |
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KR101894711B1 (ko) | 2018-09-04 |
US10167347B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
EP3122786B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
EP3122786A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
MX2016012422A (es) | 2016-12-16 |
JP2017512859A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
BR112016021768A2 (zh) | 2017-08-15 |
CA2943657A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
RU2016141600A3 (zh) | 2018-04-25 |
CA2943657C (en) | 2018-11-13 |
MX371185B (es) | 2020-01-21 |
RU2016141600A (ru) | 2018-04-25 |
ES2663611T3 (es) | 2018-04-16 |
CN106103492B (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
KR20160135809A (ko) | 2016-11-28 |
JP6469718B2 (ja) | 2019-02-13 |
BR112016021768B1 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
US20170114154A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
WO2015144438A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
RU2654031C2 (ru) | 2018-05-15 |
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