CN106083022A - 一种永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106083022A
CN106083022A CN201610412142.8A CN201610412142A CN106083022A CN 106083022 A CN106083022 A CN 106083022A CN 201610412142 A CN201610412142 A CN 201610412142A CN 106083022 A CN106083022 A CN 106083022A
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王寅岗
张胜安
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。以具有六方磁铅石结构的M型永磁铁氧体为主相,组成式为Me1‑xSmxFe12‑y‑ zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物为主要成分。该主相中含有Me、Sm、Fe、Ti和Zn,其中Me是Sr、Ba或Ca中的一种或两种元素;x、y、z代表按摩尔数计各元素的加入比例,其中x为0.10~0.30,y为0.05~0.15,z为0.05~0.25。本发明由于不掺杂价格昂贵的Co,得到的Sm‑Zn‑Ti掺杂磁体具有成本低、性能高等优点,可广泛应用于对综合性能要求较高的永磁铁氧体材料的实际生产中。

Description

一种永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料的领域,具体涉及到在不掺杂价格昂贵的Co的情况下的一种高性能低成本永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
永磁材料作为重要的功能材料,在能源、交通、机械、计算机、通信终端设备、医疗器具等领域得到了广泛的应用,其产量和消费量已成为衡量一个国家综合国力和经济发展水平的重要标尺。工业上广泛应用的永磁铁氧体主要是M型铁氧体,其化学式为MeFe12O19(其中Me为Sr或Ba),晶体结构是磁铅石结构。铁氧体的亚铁磁性决定了它的饱和磁化强度相对较低。众所周知,通过La-Co组合掺杂能显著提高M型永磁铁氧体的综合性能,但是在此方面开发产品受到中外诸多专利所限制,如专利CN201210397740.4公开的一种烧结永磁铁氧体及其制造方法以及CN201110442801.x公开的一种铁氧体磁性材料及其制造方法中都得到了综合性能较好的磁体,但是这些永磁铁氧体中都有价格昂贵的Co掺入,导致成本升高。因此,开发高性能低成本永磁铁氧体材料具有实用价值。
发明内容
针对上述的现实情况,本发明提供了一种不掺杂Co的高性能低成本永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种永磁铁氧体材料,该材料是以具有磁铅石结构的M型永磁铁氧体为主相,其化学组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物为主要成分,该主相中含有Me、Sm、Fe、Ti和Zn。
其中Me是Sr、Ba或Ca中的一种或两种元素;x为0.02~0.30,y为0.05~0.15,z为0.05~0.25。
优选成分为x=0.25、y=0.10、z=0.10,或x=0.25、y=0.15、z=0.15。
本发明提供永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)配料及混合:根据组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物按质量配比加入各原料成份MeCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2和ZnO,然后在球磨机中进行湿法混磨;
2)预烧:在氧气含量不小于8%的气氛中预烧1100~1300℃,保温1~3h,获得颗粒状预烧料;
3)制粉及二次球磨:对所得的预烧料在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎至2~4μm,然后加入添加剂及分散剂,并用湿法细粉碎至0.7μm~0.9μm,即得到料浆;
4)成型:将上述步骤所得料浆的含水量控制在30%~45%,成型压力为0.35~0.5吨/cm2,充磁电流为15.0A,外加磁场约是5~15KOe,保压3.5s,退磁4s;
5)烧结:在200~600℃的温度下对成型体进行热处理,去除分散剂和水,然后在空气中烧结,在1150~1320℃保温1~2h,获得烧结体。
进一步地,步骤(3)中的添加剂为SiO2、CaCO3、Al2O3、ZrO2和Bi2O3,以总原料质量为100%计,添加量分别为0.1~0.6wt%的SiO2、0.05~0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.2~0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.01~0.5wt%的ZrO2和0.2~1.0wt%的Bi2O3
进一步地,步骤(3)中的分散剂由十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯醇组成,添加量为总原料质量的0.1%~2.5wt%,球磨时加入复合分散剂实现静电分散和空间位阻分散的双重分散,防止料浆中铁氧体粉的凝聚,降低球磨产生的新表面的高表面能,降低粒子间的摩擦,使球磨产物中颗粒球化并均匀分布。
进一步地,步骤(3)球磨工艺中,为防止球磨过程中磨损的Fe进入原料影响永磁铁氧体的摩尔比,采用HRC≥55的优质轴承钢球进行多级球磨,粉料颗粒达到一定粒度标准后才能进入下一级球磨,以利于缩短球磨时间,窄化粒度分布。
有益效果:
1.提供了一种新的掺杂体系并显著提高M型永磁铁氧体的综合性能,且掺杂所需的稀土元素Sm的用量也作了一定的限制,保证掺杂后永磁铁氧体综合磁性能上升的前提下有效的降低了成本。
2.本发明未使用价格昂贵Co,转而使用价格相对较低的Zn和Ti作为掺杂。通过掺杂,可以代换处于4f1或4f2上的反向自旋的Fe3+,从而可以增大饱和磁化强度。
3.本发明使用已经成熟的工业制备永磁铁氧体工艺方法致力于高性能永磁铁氧体的制备,具有成本相对较低、磁性能高的优点,可广泛应用于高性能低成本永磁铁氧体生产中。
具体实施方式
下面通过几组实施例来对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
根据组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物,Me代表的元素为Sr,x,y,z分别取0.10、0.05、0.05,根据配比加入各原料成份SrCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2和ZnO,然后在球磨机中进行湿法混磨。随后进行干燥,在氧气含量不小于8%的气氛中预烧1280℃,保温1.5h,获得颗粒状预烧料。对所得的预烧料在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎,加入1.0wt%的由十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯醇按质量1:3配比的复配分散剂和添加剂,添加剂添加量为0.6wt%的SiO2、0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.5wt%的ZrO2及1.0wt%的Bi2O3,然后进行二次球磨,球磨后的料浆的平均粒度为0.6~0.8μm。在成型磁场为10000Oe、成型压力为400kg/cm2下成型。在450℃的温度下对成型体进行热处理,去除分散剂和水,然后在空气中烧结,在1240℃保温1h,获得烧结体。对烧结体的上下表面研磨,用振动样品磁强计测量磁性能。
实施例2
与实施例1相比,将实施例中的x,y,z分别取0.20、0.10、0.25,Me代表的元素为Sr和Ba,其他工艺流程与参量设定和实施例1相同。
实施例3
与实施例1相比,将实施例中x,y,z分别取0.25、0.10、0.15,其他工艺流程与参量设定和实施例1相同。
表1各实施例的主组成成分及磁性能
对比例
根据组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物,其中x,y,z都取0。然后在球磨机中进行湿法混磨,随后进行干燥,在氧气含量不小于8%的气氛中预烧1280℃,保温1.5h,获得颗粒状预烧料。对所得的预烧料在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎,加入1.0wt%的由十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯醇按质量1:2配比的复配分散剂和添以及剂添加量为0.6wt%的SiO2、0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.8wt%Al2O3、0.5wt%的ZrO2及1.0wt%的Bi2O3进行二次球磨,球磨后的料浆的平均粒度为0.6~0.8μm。在成型磁场为10000Oe、成型压力为400kg/cm2下成型。在450℃的温度下对成型体进行热处理,去除分散剂和水,在空气中烧结,在1240℃保温1h,获得烧结体。对烧结体的上下表面研磨,用振动样品磁强计测量磁性能。
对比例的磁性能为:Br=420.6mT,Hcb=168.9kA/m,Hcj=260.0kA/m,(BH)max=34.1kJ/m3
可以看出各实施例相对于对比例性能均有较为明显的提高,实施例的性能更佳,可广泛应用于高性能低成本的永磁铁氧体材料的生产。
本发明中所描述的具体实施例仅对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管对本发明已作出了详细的说明并引证了一些具体实例,但是对本领域熟悉技术人员来说,只要不离开本发明的精神和范围可作各种变化或修正是显然的。

Claims (6)

1.一种永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,该材料是以具有磁铅石结构的M型永磁铁氧体为主相,其化学组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物为主要成分,该主相中含有Me、Sm、Fe、Ti和Zn。
其中Me是Sr、Ba或Ca中的一种或两种元素;x为0.02~0.30,y为0.05~0.15,z为0.05~0.25。
2.根据权利要求1所述的永磁铁氧体材料,其特征在于,优选成分为x=0.25、y=0.10、z=0.10,或x=0.25、y=0.15、z=0.15。
3.根据权利要求1~2所述的永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)配料及混合:根据组成式为Me1-xSmxFe12-y-zTiyZnzO19所表示的组合物按质量配比加入各原料成份MeCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2和ZnO,然后在球磨机中进行湿法混磨;
2)预烧:在氧气含量不小于8%的气氛中预烧1100~1300℃,保温1~3h,获得颗粒状预烧料;
3)制粉及二次球磨:对所得的预烧料在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎至2~4μm,然后加入添加剂及分散剂,并用湿法细粉碎至0.7μm~0.9μm,即得到料浆;
4)成型:将上述步骤所得料浆的含水量控制在30%~45%,成型压力为0.35~0.5吨/cm2,充磁电流为15.0A,外加磁场约是5~15KOe,保压3.5s,退磁4s;
5)烧结:在200~600℃的温度下对成型体进行热处理,去除分散剂和水,然后在空气中烧结,在1150~1320℃保温1~2h,获得烧结体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的添加剂为SiO2、CaCO3、Al2O3、ZrO2和Bi2O3,以总原料质量为100%计,添加量分别为0.1~0.6wt%的SiO2、0.05~0.6wt%的CaCO3、0.2~0.8wt%的Al2O3、0.01~0.5wt%的ZrO2和0.2~1.0wt%的Bi2O3
5.根据权利要求3所述的永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的分散剂由十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙烯醇组成,添加量为总原料质量的0.1%~2.5wt%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)球磨工艺中,采用HRC≥55的轴承钢球进行多级球磨,粉料颗粒达到一定粒度标准后进入下一级球磨。
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