CN106000557B - 一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机 - Google Patents
一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机。属于一种处理废铅酸蓄电池和分离机。该分离机包括:筒体、耐腐蚀耐磨球、进料装置、托架装置、出料装置和驱动器;筒体的一端有进料口,另一端为出料口,在进料口处安装进料装置,在出料口处安装出料装置;在筒体连接有托架装置,驱动器与筒体连接,在筒体内有耐腐蚀耐磨球。优点:1,细铅栅分离彻底干净无杂,无需进入熔炼炉高温熔炼,可直接低温熔化生产优质硬铅加工成合金铅。2,出铅率高,灰渣少,工人劳动强度低,铅栅中的有价金属锑、锡得到有效的利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理废铅酸蓄电池的分离机,尤其涉及一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机。
背景技术
废铅酸蓄电池由以下几部分组成:1,废电解液;2,极板(正极板、负极板),电池中的正负两极由铅合金制成格栅,正极板表面涂有金属铅粉,负极板表面涂有氧化铅粉;3,蓄电池外壳,主要由PP、ABS等塑料制成槽体;4,隔板,一般是以微孔橡胶、PVC塑料隔板、纸片为主。
目前国内再生铅厂基本都还是采用传统的火法冶炼。有些大的铅厂从国外以巨资引进了破碎分选设备。而小再生铅厂家几乎均采用反射炉混炼法,都未经过预处理,生产过程是将废铅酸蓄电池人工拆解、去壳倒酸等简单处理后,铅极板送入反射炉中加热到1200℃进行混炼。
国外大约从60年代起研究废铅酸蓄电池的破碎分选技术。目前较有代表性的分选技术有两种:欧洲某公司开发的破碎分选系统和美洲某公司开发的破碎分选系统,均有成套的设备。欧洲破碎分选系统主要有两部分:破碎与筛分部分、水力分离器部分。经处理后的废铅酸蓄电池可得到以下四种组分:铅膏或称铅泥、金属碎铅、聚丙烯、隔板。美洲破碎分选系统主要有两部分:铅金属分选器和氧化物脱除分选器。分选后也是得到四种组分:铅膏或称铅泥、金属碎铅、聚丙烯、隔板。它们共同的缺点是:1、运行时只能单一的破碎汽车起动型蓄电池;不能直接处理ABS塑料壳蓄电池,两种以上类型的废蓄电池需要先进行人工分类,然后再分别对单独类的废蓄电池进行破碎处理;2、金属碎铅与其他组分分离不彻底,隔板纸片中常含有细碎铅及铅泥,易造成二次污染和资源浪费。3、由于铅栅、铅泥分离不彻底,铅栅中常夹带一定量的铅泥,分离出的铅栅必需进入冶炼炉处理,无法直接低温熔化生产合金。
中国发明专利《一种废铅酸蓄电池破碎分选机》,授权公告号CN101979165B;其中,一级铅栅分离输送器分离出铅栅送至二级铅栅分离输送器,二级铅栅分离输送器靠物料比重差异,经水泵打入的反冲水水流冲洗得到颗粒较大的铅栅,用循环水的冲击力对粗铅栅、细铅栅实行分级分选,但是该分离器分离的细铅栅、铅针中仍含有30%左右的铅泥附着在细铅栅、铅针上,不易脱离,将附着铅泥的细铅栅、铅针直接进行低温熔化出铅率不高,这一部分细铅栅、铅针需要和铅泥混合进行高温熔炼,消耗较高的能源,浪费资源。
废铅酸蓄电池破碎机破碎分选过程中,通过破碎机、水力分离器等将电池分解成铅泥(铅膏),铅栅(粗铅栅、细铅栅),PP、ABS塑料,隔板纸等组分。约30%左右的铅泥(铅膏)附着在细铅栅(金属铅针)表面,一般是采用水力冲洗、冲刷,但是很难将铅泥从细铅栅(金属铅针)表面分离出来;对于这部分含有铅泥的铅栅采用进行高温熔化时,浪费能源;采用低温熔化时,其出铅率低灰渣多,工人劳动强度大,铅栅中的有价金属锑、锡不能得到有效的利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,解决细铅栅铅针与铅泥分离不彻底的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:该分离机包括:筒体、耐腐蚀耐磨球、进料装置、托架装置、出料装置和驱动器;筒体的一端有进料口,另一端为出料口,在进料口处安装进料装置,在出料口处安装出料装置;在筒体连接有托架装置,驱动器与筒体连接,在筒体内有耐腐蚀耐磨球。
所述的进料装置包括:进料斗、进料冲洗水管、进料斗一端伸入至筒体的进料口,在进料斗上连接有进料冲洗水管。
所述的筒体包括:进料喉、止料孔板、出料端口、止水圈和滚筒衬板;筒体的主体为圆管,两端为圆台管,对外的端口直径小于主体圆管的直径,在筒体内进料口端连接有进料喉,在筒体内出料口端连接有止料孔板和出料端口,在筒体的出料口端部连接有止水圈,在筒体内主体位置连接有滚筒衬板,滚筒衬板有多块,为长方形,长方形滚筒衬板首尾相接,在筒体内呈多边形均布。
所述的进料喉包括:防抛洒法兰、止料挡板和进料均分器;防抛洒法兰和止料挡板分别连接在筒体进料端的圆台管两端,防抛洒法兰为进料口端,止料挡板连接在主体的圆管与圆台管之间;进料均分器连接在圆台管内;所述的进料均分器包括:分料板和进料均料筒;进料均料筒为圆管,圆管的直径小于筒体的进料口的直径,圆管的一端封闭,在圆管外侧壁与筒体内侧壁之间连接有分料板,分料板为多片,分料板断截面为弯折状;筒体正向旋转工作时,分料板保证物料只能进入筒体内,筒体内的铅泥浆不能从筒体内向外溢出。
所述的止料孔板为锥形板,上面均布有2-12MM的圆孔,固定于筒体内侧,保证耐腐蚀耐磨球体不外出,但研磨后的细铅栅铅针、铅泥可外排。
所述的出料端口包括:出料均料筒、出料口和分料导流板;出料均料筒为一圆管,圆管的直径小于筒体的出料口的直径,圆管直径与筒体的出料口直径的差为出料口;在圆管的外壁与筒体内壁之间连接有分料导流板,分料导流板为多片,筒体正向旋转工作时,分料导流板保证物料只能从筒体内输出,筒体外的物料不能进入,筒体内的铅泥浆只能从筒体内向外溢出。
所述的止水圈11为一法兰状板,法兰状板的中心孔直径与筒体的出料口直径相同,法兰状板的一面连接在出料端口上,另一面与分选筛连接;止水圈防止出料外冲洗管及出料内冲洗水管的水返回筒体内。
所述的托架装置包括:托轮跑道、托轮和机架;托轮跑道连接在筒体的主体外,在托轮跑道上有与之配合的托轮,托轮连接在机架上。
所述的出料装置包括:出料外冲洗管、分选筛、出料内冲洗水管、铅泥溜槽和铅针溜槽;分选筛的一端与筒体的止水圈连接,另一端为细铅栅铅针出口,分选筛的铅针出口一端的直径大于与止水圈连接一端的直径;在分选筛外上端有出料外冲洗管,在分选筛内有出料内冲洗水管,出料外冲洗管和出料内冲洗水管的喷水长度与分选筛的长度相同;在分选筛外的底部有铅泥溜槽,分选筛的铅针出口下方有铅针溜槽。
所述的驱动器包括:大齿圈、主动轮和减速机;大齿圈连接在筒体的主体圆管上,主动轮与大齿圈啮合,主动轮连接在减速机的输出轴上,减速机的输入轴通过皮带与电动机连接。
有益效果,由于采用了上述方案,破碎分选出来的含有铅泥的细铅栅及金属铅针在进料口冲洗水的作用下,与冲洗水一并进入筒体,并定期向筒体中加入对应比例的20—60MM的耐腐蚀耐磨球,筒体旋转时,在进料喉的进料均分器的作用下,物料只能输入,置于筒体内的含有铅泥的细铅栅及金属铅针和耐腐蚀耐磨球,就不能再从进料口输出了;由于筒体内有多边形内衬板,含有铅泥的细铅栅及金属铅针在筒体内呈台阶式跌落式翻转,同时耐腐蚀耐磨球随筒体转动到相应的高度也呈跌落式下落,含有铅泥的细铅栅及金属铅针在跌落式运动过程中相互撞击、研磨,将含有铅泥的细铅栅及金属铅针上的铅泥、铅膏击碎掉,因铅有柔韧性,这种跌落式运动的相互撞击、研磨以及水的冲击力,对细铅栅及金属铅针仅是变形而不碎,将铅泥、细铅栅及金属铅针分离开,分离开的物料在出料端口的作用下输送至出料装置,而与出料端口相连接的止料孔板阻止了耐腐蚀耐磨球输出至出料装置,而筒体内处理完成的物料则可以在出料端口的作用下,通过止料孔板输出到筒体外,出料装置的分选筛外口大于与筒体相连的口,筒体在转动过程中,在出料装置的出料外冲洗管、出料内冲洗水管的水冲刷下,铅泥被冲落,透过分选筛直接漏至下方的铅泥溜槽,铅栅及金属铅针沿着分选筛逐渐从外口端滚落到铅针溜槽,干净无杂的细铅栅经过铅针溜槽流入料仓,铅泥经铅泥溜槽回流至铅泥罐进入压滤机。解决了细铅栅铅针与铅泥分离不彻底的问题,达到了本发明的目的。
优点:
1,细铅栅分离彻底干净无杂,无需进入熔炼炉高温熔炼,可直接低温熔化生产优质硬铅加工成合金铅。
2,出铅率高,灰渣少,工人劳动强度低,铅栅中的有价金属锑、锡得到有效的利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构图。
图2为图1的侧视剖视结构图。
图3为本发明的进料喉结构图。
图4为本发明进料喉的进料均分器结构图。
图5为图4的A-A向结构图。
图6为本发明的出料端口结构图。
图7为图6的侧视结构图。
图中,1、进料斗;2、进料喉;3、托轮跑道;4、大齿圈;5、筒体;6、止料孔板;7、出料端口;8、出料外冲洗管;9、进料冲洗水管;10、托轮;11、止水圈;12、分选筛;13、出料内冲洗水管;14、铅泥溜槽;15、铅针溜槽;16、滚筒衬板;17、耐腐蚀耐磨球;18、主动轮;19、减速机;20、机架;21、电动机;2-1、防抛洒法兰;2-2、分料板;2-3、止料挡板;2-4、进料均料筒;7-1、出料均料筒;7-2、出料口;7-3、分料导流板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进一步说明:
实施例1:该分离机包括:筒体5、耐腐蚀耐磨球17、进料装置、托架装置、出料装置和驱动器;筒体5的一端有进料口,另一端为出料口,在进料口处安装进料装置,在出料口处安装出料装置;在筒体5连接有托架装置,驱动器与筒体连接,在筒体5内有耐腐蚀耐磨球17。
所述的进料装置包括:进料斗1、进料冲洗水管9、进料斗1一端伸入至筒体的进料口,在进料斗1上连接有进料冲洗水管9。
所述的筒体5包括:进料喉2、止料孔板6、出料端口7、止水圈11和滚筒衬板16;筒体5的主体为圆管,两端为圆台管,对外的端口直径小于主体圆管的直径,在筒体5内进料口端连接有进料喉2,在筒体5内出料口端连接有止料孔板6和出料端口7,在筒体5的出料口端部连接有止水圈11,在筒体5内主体位置连接有滚筒衬板16,滚筒衬板16有多块,为长方形,长方形滚筒衬板16首尾相接,在筒体5内呈多边形均布。
所述的进料喉2包括:防抛洒法兰2-1、止料挡板2-3和进料均分器;防抛洒法兰2-1和止料挡板2-3分别连接在筒体5进料端的圆台管两端,防抛洒法兰2-1为进料口端,止料挡板2-3连接在主体的圆管与圆台管之间;进料均分器连接在圆台管内;所述的进料均分器包括:分料板2-2和进料均料筒2-4;进料均料筒2-4为圆管,圆管的直径小于筒体的进料口的直径,圆管的一端封闭,在圆管外侧壁与筒体内侧壁之间连接有分料板2-2,分料板2-2为多片,分料板2-2断截面为弯折状;筒体正向旋转工作时,分料板2-2保证物料只能进入筒体内,筒体内的铅泥浆不能从筒体内向外溢出。
所述的止料孔板6为锥形板,上面均布有2-12MM的圆孔,固定于筒体内侧,保证耐腐蚀耐磨球体17不外出,但研磨后的细铅栅铅针、铅泥可外排。
所述的出料端口7包括:出料均料筒7-1、出料口7-2和分料导流板7-3;出料均料筒7-1为一圆管,圆管的直径小于筒体的出料口的直径,圆管直径与筒体的出料口直径的差为出料口7-2;在圆管的外壁与筒体内壁之间连接有分料导流板7-3,分料导流板7-3为多片,筒体正向旋转工作时,分料导流板7-3保证物料只能从筒体内输出,筒体外的物料不能进入,筒体内的铅泥浆只能从筒体内向外溢出。
所述的止水圈11为一法兰状板,法兰状板的中心孔直径与筒体的出料口直径相同,法兰状板的一面连接在出料端口上,另一面与分选筛12连接;止水圈防止出料外冲洗管8及出料内冲洗水管13的水返回筒体内。
所述的托架装置包括:托轮跑道3、托轮10和机架20;托轮跑道3连接在筒体5的主体外,在托轮跑道上有与之配合的托轮10,托轮10连接在机架20上。
所述的出料装置包括:出料外冲洗管8、分选筛12、出料内冲洗水管13、铅泥溜槽14和铅针溜槽15;分选筛12的一端与筒体5的止水圈11连接,另一端为细铅栅铅针出口,分选筛12的铅针出口一端的直径大于与止水圈11连接一端的直径;在分选筛12外上端有出料外冲洗管8,在分选筛12内有出料内冲洗水管13,出料外冲洗管8和出料内冲洗水管13的喷水长度与分选筛12的长度相同;在分选筛12外的底部有铅泥溜槽14,分选筛12的铅针出口下方有铅针溜槽15。
所述的驱动器包括:大齿圈4、主动轮18和减速机19;大齿圈4连接在筒体5的主体圆管上,主动轮18与大齿圈4啮合,主动轮连接在减速机19的输出轴上,减速机19的输入轴通过皮带与电动机21连接。
Claims (9)
1.一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:该分离机包括:筒体、耐腐蚀耐磨球、进料装置、托架装置、出料装置和驱动器;筒体的一端有进料口,另一端为出料口,在进料口处安装进料装置,在出料口处安装出料装置;在筒体上连接有托架装置,驱动器与筒体连接,在筒体内有耐腐蚀耐磨球;
所述的出料装置包括:出料外冲洗管、分选筛、出料内冲洗水管、铅泥溜槽和铅针溜槽;分选筛的一端与筒体的止水圈连接,另一端为铅针出口,分选筛的铅针出口一端的直径大于与止水圈连接一端的直径;在分选筛外上端有出料外冲洗管,在分选筛内有出料内冲洗水管,出料外冲洗管和出料内冲洗水管的喷水长度与分选筛的长度相同;在分选筛外的底部有铅泥溜槽,分选筛的铅针出口下方有铅针溜槽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的进料装置包括:进料斗、进料冲洗水管、进料斗一端伸入至筒体的进料口,在进料斗上连接有进料冲洗水管。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的筒体包括:进料喉、止料孔板、出料端口、止水圈和滚筒衬板;筒体的主体为圆管,两端为圆台管,对外的端口直径小于主体圆管的直径,在筒体内进料口端连接有进料喉,在筒体内出料口端连接有止料孔板和出料端口,在筒体的出料端口连接有止水圈,在筒体内主体位置连接有滚筒衬板,滚筒衬板有多块,为长方形,长方形滚筒衬板首尾相接,在筒体内呈多边形均布。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的托架装置包括:托轮跑道、托轮和机架;托轮跑道连接在筒体的主体外,在托轮跑道上有与之配合的托轮,托轮连接在机架上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的驱动器包括:大齿圈、主动轮和减速机;大齿圈连接在筒体的主体圆管上,主动轮与大齿圈啮合,主动轮连接在减速机的输出轴上,减速机的输入轴通过皮带与电动机连接。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的进料喉包括:防抛洒法兰、止料挡板和进料均分器;防抛洒法兰和止料挡板分别连接在筒体进料端的圆台管两端,防抛洒法兰为进料口端,止料挡板连接在主体圆管与圆台管之间;进料均分器连接在圆台管内;所述的进料均分器包括:分料板和进料均料筒;进料均料筒为圆管,进料均料筒的圆管的直径小于筒体的进料口的直径,进料均料筒的圆管的一端封闭,在进料均料筒的圆管外侧壁与筒体内侧壁之间连接有分料板,分料板为多片,分料板断截面为弯折状;筒体正向旋转工作时,分料板保证物料只能进入筒体内,筒体内的铅泥浆不能从筒体内向外溢出。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的止料孔板为锥形板,上面均布有2-12MM的圆孔,固定于筒体内侧,保证耐腐蚀耐磨球体不外出,但研磨后的细铅栅铅针、铅泥可外排。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的出料端口包括:出料均料筒、出料口和分料导流板;出料均料筒为一圆管,出料均料筒的圆管的直径小于筒体的出料口的直径,出料均料筒的圆管直径与筒体的出料口直径的差为出料口;在出料均料筒的圆管的外壁与筒体内壁之间连接有分料导流板,分料导流板为多片,筒体正向旋转工作时,分料导流板保证物料只能从筒体内输出,筒体外的物料不能进入,筒体内的铅泥浆只能从筒体内向外溢出。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理废铅酸蓄电池细铅栅的铅针、铅泥分离机,其特征是:所述的止水圈为一法兰状板,法兰状板的中心孔直径与筒体的出料口直径相同,法兰状板的一面连接在出料端口上,另一面与分选筛连接;止水圈防止出料外冲洗管及出料内冲洗水管的水返回筒体内。
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