CN105999908B - 蜂窝结构体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
蜂窝结构体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105999908B CN105999908B CN201610187325.4A CN201610187325A CN105999908B CN 105999908 B CN105999908 B CN 105999908B CN 201610187325 A CN201610187325 A CN 201610187325A CN 105999908 B CN105999908 B CN 105999908B
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- honeycomb structure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- -1 sialon Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种蜂窝结构体及其制造方法。蜂窝结构体(20)具有多孔质的隔壁部(22),所述多孔质的隔壁部(22)形成成为流体流路的多个孔格,隔壁部(22)的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm,隔壁部(22)的体积V与气孔的润湿面积S的比即润湿面积比R(=S/V)为0.000239μm‑1以上。蜂窝结构体(20)中,隔壁部(22)的气孔率可以为50%~65%。蜂窝结构体(20)可以通过在原料混合工序中,在成形原料中含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、以及0.5质量份以上的氧化锆来制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂窝结构体及其制造方法。
背景技术
以往,作为蜂窝结构体,已知具有多孔质的隔壁部的蜂窝结构体,该多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格(例如专利文献1)。该蜂窝结构体在隔壁上担载催化剂,被用于净化汽车废气的净化装置等中。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-198315号公报
发明内容
但是,在将蜂窝结构体用于废气的净化装置时,废气的净化性能越高越优选。但是,如果例如通过增加在蜂窝结构体上担载的催化剂的量来意图提高净化性能,则会有例如因催化剂使流路变窄等导致压力损失增大这样的问题。
本发明是为了解决这样的课题而完成的,其主要目的在于,提供在抑制压力损失增大的同时能够提高废气净化性能的蜂窝结构体。
本发明为了实现上述主要目的,采用了以下手段。
本发明的蜂窝结构体具有多孔质的隔壁部,该多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格,所述隔壁部的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm,该隔壁部的体积V与气孔的润湿面积S的比,即润湿面积比R(=S/V)为0.000239μm-1以上。
该蜂窝结构体,通过多孔质的隔壁部的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm,该多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格,且润湿面积比R为0.000239μm-1以上,从而在之后在隔壁部上担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。可认为,满足上述数值范围的隔壁部形成有大量适度大小的气孔且呈连通的状态。其结果可认为是催化剂易于填充到气孔内,且在流路中流通的气体易于在催化剂、隔壁部内扩散,能够兼顾抑制压力损失的增大和高的废气净化性能。需说明的是,这样的本发明的蜂窝结构体,可以通过例如后述的本发明的蜂窝结构体的第1、第2制造方法来得到。
本发明的蜂窝结构体中,所述隔壁部的气孔率可以是50%~65%。
本发明的蜂窝结构体可以在上述任一形态的所述隔壁部上担载用于净化废气的催化剂。该蜂窝结构体能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。在这种情况下,所述隔壁部的气孔中存在所述催化剂的部分的比例即催化剂填充率可以为70%以上。催化剂填充率如果为70%以上,则易于得到抑制压力损失增大的效果,并提高废气净化性能。此外,所述催化剂还可以至少含有用于净化NOx的催化剂成分。
本发明的蜂窝结构体的第1制造方法包括:
原料混合工序,将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、0.5质量份以上的氧化锆的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,
成形工序,将所述坯土成形为蜂窝形状,得到蜂窝成形体,
烧成工序,对所述蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格。
在该蜂窝结构体的第1制造方法中,在原料混合工序中,使成形原料中含有吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、0.5质量份以上的氧化锆。使用这样的成形原料所制造的蜂窝结构体,在之后在隔壁部上担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。
本发明的蜂窝结构体的第2制造方法包括:
原料混合工序,将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,所述陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上的硅胶,
成形工序,将所述坯土成形为蜂窝形状,得到蜂窝成形体,
烧成工序,对所述蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格。
在该蜂窝结构体的第2制造方法中,在原料混合工序中,成形原料含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物,所述陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上的硅胶。使用这样的成形原料所制造的蜂窝结构体,在之后在隔壁部担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。
本发明的蜂窝结构体的第1、第2制造方法在所述烧成工序之后,还可以包括在所述蜂窝结构体的所述隔壁部担载催化剂的催化剂担载工序。由此制造的蜂窝结构体能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。
附图说明
图1是蜂窝结构体20的概略立体图。
图2是图1中的A-A截面图。
图3是体素数据60的概念图。
具体实施方式
接下来,使用附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。图1是本发明的一个实施方式的蜂窝结构体20的概略立体图。图2是图1中的A-A截面图。本发明的蜂窝结构体20例如作为担载净化汽车引擎的废气的催化剂的催化剂载体而设置在引擎的废气管中。需说明的是,本实施方式中,上下方向、前后方向以及左右方向如图1、2中所示。
该蜂窝结构体20具有多孔质的隔壁部22和在隔壁部22的外周形成的外周部24,所述多孔质的隔壁部22形成成为流体流路的多个孔格23。如图2所示,该蜂窝结构体20具有孔格23的两端开放的结构。
该蜂窝结构体20的外形没有特别限定,可以是圆柱状、四棱柱状、椭圆柱状、六棱柱状等形状。此外,对于孔格23来说,作为其截面形状可以是四边形、三角形、六边形、八边形、圆形、椭圆形等形状。本实施方式中,蜂窝结构体20的外形形成为圆柱状,孔格23的形状形成为截面是四边形。
隔壁部22没有特别限定,例如隔壁厚度可以为0.0635mm以上、0.46mm以下。隔壁部22所形成的孔格23的孔格密度没有特别限定,例如可以是5孔格/cm2以上且小于187孔格/cm2。隔壁部22是多孔质的陶瓷,例如可以是含有从堇青石、Si结合SiC、再结晶SiC、钛酸铝、莫来石、氮化硅、硅铝氧氮陶瓷、磷酸锆、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化铝、Cd结合SiC以及二氧化硅中选择的1种以上的无机材料来形成。其中,优选堇青石、Si结合SiC、再结晶SiC等。
隔壁部22的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm,隔壁部22的体积V与气孔的润湿面积S的比即润湿面积比R(=S/V)为0.000239μm-1以上。此外,隔壁部22的气孔率优选为50%~65%。隔壁部22的平均细孔径可以为15μm以上,还可以为18μm以下。需说明的是,平均细孔径以及气孔率是由压汞法测定的值。隔壁部22的平均细孔径、润湿面积比R以及气孔率是担载催化剂之前的状态时的值。
对算出隔壁部22的润湿面积比R的方法进行说明。润湿面积比R是利用通过对隔壁部22进行CT扫描而获得的3维体素数据60来算出的。图3是体素数据60的概念图。首先,以隔壁部22的隔壁厚度方向为X方向,以孔格23的轴向(图1、2的前后方向)为Y方向,以XY平面为摄影截面。然后,以使摄影截面在与XY方向垂直的Z方向上移动来进行多次摄影的方式进行隔壁部22的CT扫描,获得多个图像数据,基于该图像数据,获得如图3的上部所示的体素数据60。X、Y、Z各方向的分辨率分别为1.2μm,由此获得的1边为1.2μm的立方体就是3维体素数据60的最小单位,即体素。需说明的是,通过CT扫描所获得的摄影截面的图像数据是在Z方向没有厚度的平面数据,但将各摄影截面作为摄影截面在Z方向具有间隔量(1.2μm)的厚度来进行处理。即,将图像数据的二维的各像素作为1边为1.2μm的立方体(体素)来进行处理。如图3的上部所示,体素数据60的大小形成为X方向为300μm(=1.2μm×250体素)、Y方向为480μm(=1.2μm×400体素)、Z方向为480μm(=1.2μm×400体素)的长方体。各体素通过X、Y、Z座标(座标值1对应体素的一边的长度即1.2μm)来表示位置,并且,区分为表示空间(气孔)的空间体素和表示物体的物体体素。空间体素与物体体素的区别通过使用模式法(モード法)的2值化处理而如下进行。通过CT扫描而实际获得的多个图像数据是每个X、Y、Z座标的亮度数据。基于该亮度数据,对于全部座标(多个图像数据的全部像素)制成亮度的直方图。然后,将直方图中表现出的2个峰之间(谷)的部分的亮度值设为阈值,对于各座标,通过亮度是大于阈值还是小于阈值来进行各座标的亮度的2值化。由此,来区分各座标的体素是空间体素还是物体体素。图3的中部2维地显示了区分空间体素和物体体素的状态的一例。图3的下部2维地显示了其一部分的放大图64。需说明的是,这样的CT扫描可以使用例如株式会社岛津制作所制的SMX-160CT-SV3来进行。
接着,利用该体素数据60,算出隔壁部22的体积V与气孔的润湿面积S。体积V是体素数据60的全部体素的体积。即,体积V=69120000μm3(=300μm×480μm×480μm)。润湿面积S作为体素数据60中的空间体素与物体体素的边界面的面积的合计而算出。更具体的,作为润湿面积S=(体素数据60中的边界面的个数)×(1个边界面的面积)而导出。1个边界面的面积为1.44μm2(=1.2μm×1.2μm)。例如,如图3的下部所示的放大图64中,空间体素与物体体素的边界面存在6个面,因此,放大图64中的边界面的面积的合计为6×1.44=8.64μm2。这样,算出润湿面积S。并且,通过算出的体积V和润湿面积S,算出润湿面积比R(=S/V)[μm-1]。需说明的是,由于体积V是恒定值,因此可以将“润湿面积比R为0.000239μm-1以上”换言为“体素数据60中的润湿面积S为16500μm2以上”。
需说明的是,用于算出润湿面积比R的体素数据60,如上所述,是X方向为300μm、Y方向为480μm、Z方向为480μm的数据,在隔壁部22的隔壁厚度不足300μm时,使用相同体积V的体素数据来算出润湿面积比R。例如,隔壁厚度为图3的体素数据60的一半的150μm时,则使用Y方向为2倍的960μm的体素数据来算出润湿面积比R。
隔壁部22的润湿面积比R优选为0.000264μm-1以上(=润湿面积S为17000μm2以上),更优选为0.000253μm-1以上(=润湿面积S为17500μm2以上)。需说明的是,对于润湿面积比R的上限无需特别确定。通过满足上述的平均细孔径的数值范围、或满足平均细孔径以及气孔率的数值范围,就必然地确定了润湿面积比R的上限。虽然没有特别限定,但润湿面积比R可以为例如0.000300μm-1以下。
外周部24是围绕蜂窝结构体20外周的壁。外周部24可以是与隔壁部22相同的材质,也可以是不同的材质。例如,外周部24优选由含有从堇青石、炭化硅、氧化铝、钛酸铝、莫来石、氮化铝中选择的至少一种作为主成分的材料构成。通过使用这样的材料,形成耐热性优异的蜂窝结构体。
这里,蜂窝结构体20的隔壁部22可以进一步担载催化剂。对于催化剂的种类,只要是用于净化废气就没有特别限定。催化剂例如可以含有用于净化烃(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)的至少任意1种以上的催化剂成分。作为这样的催化剂,可以列举例如包含从Pt、Rh、Pd等贵金属中选择的至少一种以及从氧化铝、氧化铈、氧化锆中选择的至少一种的催化剂,或者包含从沸石、钒中选择的至少一种的催化剂。隔壁部22中担载的催化剂的量没有特别限定,例如为50g/L~400g/L。催化剂的量优选为100g/L以上,更优选为150g/L以上。需说明的是,催化剂的量(g/L)是指蜂窝结构体的每单位体积(1L)中所担载的催化剂的量(g)。
对于隔壁部22中担载的催化剂,在隔壁部22的气孔中存在催化剂的部分的比例即催化剂填充率优选为70%以上。催化剂填充率为100%以下即可。虽没有特别限定,但催化剂填充率可以为90%以下。催化剂填充率通过如下方法算出,准备将蜂窝结构体20的隔壁部22进行树脂填埋后研磨而成的观察用试料,进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,对得到的图像进行解析。首先,准备观察用试料,该观察用试料以使与流体的流通方向(孔格23的轴向)垂直的截面作为观察面的方式切断并研磨而成。然后,将SEM的倍率设为100倍~500倍,将视野设为约500μm×500μm的范围,对准备好的观察用试料的观察面进行摄影。然后,基于所得图像的各像素的亮度数据,对全部像素制作亮度的直方图。然后,将直方图中表现出的3个峰之间(谷)的部分的亮度值设定为阈值,通过将各像素的亮度与阈值进行比较,对各像素的亮度进行3值化。由此,将各像素区分为隔壁部22的结构材料、催化剂、气孔的任一种。然后,以催化剂填充率=(催化剂的像素数)/(催化剂的像素数+气孔的像素数)×100,算出催化剂填充率。需说明的是,这样的SEM观察,可以使用例如日立高新技术公司制S-3200N来进行。
以下,对如此构成的蜂窝结构体20的制造方法进行说明。蜂窝结构体20可以通过例如以下说明的蜂窝结构体20的第1、第2制造方法来制造。
首先,对蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法进行说明。蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法包括:原料混合工序、成形工序以及烧成工序,所述原料混合工序将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、0.5质量份以上的氧化锆的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,所述成形工序将坯土成形为蜂窝形状而得到蜂窝成形体,所述烧成工序对蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部22的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部22形成成为流体流路的多个孔格23。
作为原料混合工序中所使用的陶瓷原料,可列举为包括从堇青石化原料、Si结合SiC、再结晶SiC、钛酸铝、莫来石、氮化硅、硅铝氧氮陶瓷、磷酸锆、氧化锆、氧化钛中选择的1种以上无机材料的陶瓷原料。作为堇青石化原料,可以列举例如高岭土、滑石、煅烧高岭土、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅。作为堇青石化原料,特别优选以成为堇青石的化学组成的比例含有从滑石、高岭土、煅烧高岭土、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅中选择的至少二种以上的无机原料。此外,作为二氧化硅,可以使用例如石英、硅胶、熔融二氧化硅中的至少一种以上。蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法中,作为堇青石化原料,优选至少含有滑石、高岭土、煅烧高岭土、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、石英。
在原料混合工序中,作为造孔材料至少使用吸水性聚合物,作为烧结助剂,至少使用氧化锆。吸水性聚合物的吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上。吸水性聚合物的吸水后的平均粒径可以为40μm以下,也可以为30μm以下。吸水性聚合物的配合量在吸水前相对于陶瓷原料100质量份为2质量份以上。吸水性聚合物的配合量在吸水前可以为10质量份以下,在吸水前也可以为6质量份以下。作为吸水性聚合物,可以适合使用例如国际公开第2005/063360号小册子中所记载的吸水性树脂。需说明的是,吸水性聚合物的吸水后的平均粒径是在吸水性聚合物中仅吸附了水的状态下,由激光衍射散射式粒度分布计(堀场制作所LA-920)测定的值。
原料混合工序中所使用的氧化锆的配合量,相对于陶瓷原料100质量份为0.5质量份以上。配合量可以为2质量份以下,也可以为1.5质量份以下。氧化锆的平均粒径为例如0.5μm~4μm。平均粒径优选为1.5μm以下。
原料混合工序中可以添加甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素等粘合剂以及水等,进而还可以混合分散剂。作为分散剂,可以使用乙二醇等表面活性剂。对于混合成形原料来调制坯土的方法,没有特别限定,可列举例如使用捏合机、真空练泥机等的方法。
成形工序中,将原料混合工序中所得到的坯土进行成形,形成在烧成后成为蜂窝结构体20的形状的蜂窝成形体。对于形成蜂窝成形体的方法没有特别限定,可以采用挤压成形、注射成形等公知的成形方法。例如可以采用具有所需的孔格形状、隔壁厚度、孔格密度的挤压成形用金属模具来进行挤压成形。
烧成工序中,采用电炉、燃气炉等对蜂窝成形体进行烧成,获得蜂窝结构体20。烧成的条件可以根据成形原料的种类来适宜地确定。例如,在使用堇青石化原料时,烧成温度优选为1350~1440℃。此外,烧成时间以在最高温度下的保持时间计,优选为3~15小时。需说明的是,在烧成工序前,优选进行干燥处理、预烧处理。干燥处理可以使用热风干燥、微波干燥等公知的方法。预烧处理是在比烧成温度低的温度将蜂窝成形体中所含的有机物成分燃烧除去的处理。经过这样的工序,可以得到上述的蜂窝结构体20。
接着,对蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法进行说明。蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法包括原料混合工序、成形工序以及烧成工序,所述原料混合工序将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,所述陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上的硅胶,所述成形工序将坯土成形为蜂窝形状而得到蜂窝成形体,所述烧成工序对蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部22的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部22形成成为流体流路的多个孔格23。
这里,蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法中,在原料混合工序,成形原料中含有0.5质量份以上的氧化锆。与此相对,蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法中,成形原料中可以不含有氧化锆,替代于此,在陶瓷原料100质量份中含有14质量份以上的硅胶。除此之外,可以与上述的蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法同样地进行。需说明的是,蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法中,作为堇青石化原料,优选至少含有滑石、高岭土、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硅胶。陶瓷原料100质量份中的硅胶的配合量可以为23质量份以下,也可以为15质量份以下。硅胶的平均粒径例如为8μm~20μm。平均粒径优选为10μm以上。平均粒径优选为18μm以下。通过这样的蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法,也可以得到上述的蜂窝结构体20。需说明的是,硅胶的平均粒径是由激光衍射散射式粒度分布计(堀场制作所LA-920)测定的值。
对于这样由蜂窝结构体20的第1或第2制造方法制造的窝结构体20,在烧成工序之后,还可以进行在蜂窝结构体20的隔壁部22上担载催化剂的催化剂担载工序。对于担载催化剂的方法没有特别限定,可以采用公知的方法来担载。例如,首先调制含有预定的催化剂的催化剂浆料。然后,将该催化剂浆料从蜂窝结构体20的一侧端面侧流入孔格23内。使催化剂浆料流入孔格内时,优选采用浸渍、吸引的方法。作为催化剂,可以采用上述的材料。
根据以上详述的本实施方式的蜂窝结构体20,通过形成成为流体流路的多个孔格23的多孔质的隔壁部22的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm、润湿面积比R为0.000239μm-1以上,在之后在隔壁部22上担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。满足上述数值范围的隔壁部22,可认为形成大量适度大小的气孔并呈现连通的状态。其结果可认为是,催化剂易于填充到气孔内,且在流路中流通的气体易于在催化剂、隔壁部22内扩散,能够兼顾抑制压力损失的增大和高的废气净化性能。
此外,在隔壁部22上担载催化剂的状态下,隔壁部22的气孔中存在催化剂的部分的比例即催化剂填充率为70%以上,由此,易于实现抑制压力损失的增大的效果,易于提高废气净化性能。
进而,本实施方式的蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法中,在原料混合工序中,在成形原料中含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、0.5质量份以上的氧化锆。使用这样的成形原料制造的蜂窝结构体20,在之后进行催化剂担载工序而在隔壁部22上担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。
进而此外,本实施方式的蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法中,在原料混合工序中,在成形原料中含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物,所述陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上的硅胶。使用这样的成形原料制造的蜂窝结构体20,在之后进行催化剂担载工序而在隔壁部22上担载催化剂的状态下,能够抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。
需说明的是,本发明不受上述实施方式的任何限制,只要属于本发明的技术范围,可以以各种方式来实施,这是不言而喻的。
例如,上述的实施方式中,在蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法中,成形原料中含有0.5质量份以上的氧化锆,在蜂窝结构体20的第2制造方法中,也可以进一步含有氧化锆。此外,蜂窝结构体20的第1制造方法中,也可以在陶瓷原料100质量份中含有14质量份以上的硅胶。
【实施例】
以下,以具体制作蜂窝结构体的例子作为实施例进行说明。需说明的是,本发明并不限定于以下的实施例。
[实施例1]
如下制作实施例1的蜂窝结构体。在原料混合工序中,首先,作为陶瓷原料,调制堇青石化原料。具体的,将平均粒径为10μm的滑石40质量份、平均粒径为5μm的高岭土8质量份、平均粒径为2μm的煅烧高岭土8质量份、平均粒径为5μm的氧化铝20质量份、平均粒径为1μm的氢氧化铝9质量份、平均粒径为4μm的石英15质量份进行混合,调制堇青石化原料。相对于该堇青石化原料100质量份,添加吸水前为6.0质量份的吸水后平均粒径为20μm的吸水性聚合物、平均粒径1.0μm的氧化锆1.5质量份、作为粘合剂的甲基纤维素以及羟丙基甲基纤维素5.6质量份、表面活性剂0.5质量份、水81质量份,制成成形原料,将其混合后得到坯土。需说明的是,吸水性聚合物使用粒子状的聚丙烯酸系铵盐,其吸水倍率为15~25倍,吸水后的平均粒径为上述的值(20μm)。
接着,在成形工序中,使用预定的金属模具对该坯土进行挤压成形,成形为如图1、2所示的、形成四边形状的孔格的隔壁部的形状的蜂窝成形体。需说明的是,成为外周部的部分也一体成形。接着,将所得的蜂窝成形体干燥,之后在烧成工序中烧成。干燥是在微波干燥机中干燥10~30分钟,烧成是在最高温度1430℃保持5~15小时,整体烧成40~60小时,得到实施例1的蜂窝结构体。蜂窝结构体为端面直径为229mm、长度为203mm的形状,孔格结构为4mil/600cpsi。
[实施例2~13,比较例1~13]
成形原料的平均粒径、配合比例以及孔格结构变更为如表1所示,除此之外与实施例1同样地进行,制成实施例2~13、比较例1~13的蜂窝结构体。需说明的是,表1中“-”表示在成形原料中未添加该材料。此外,实施例9~11、13以及比较例12中,代替石英以表1所示比例添加平均粒径12μm的硅胶。比较例4中,代替石英添加平均粒径15μm的熔融二氧化硅。
[气孔率、平均细孔径、润湿面积比R的测定]
对于实施例1~13、比较例1~13,测定气孔率、平均细孔径、润湿面积比R。气孔率以及平均细孔径由水银孔隙率仪(MicroMetrics公司制Autopore IV9520)测定。润湿面积比R由上述方法来测定。结果示于表1。需说明的是,表1中也一并显示了润湿面积S的值。
[催化剂担载工序]
进行在实施例1~13,比较例1~13的蜂窝结构体的隔壁部上担载催化剂的催化剂担载工序。作为催化剂,使用ZSM-5沸石。催化剂的量(g/L)为表1所示的值。
[催化剂填充率的测定]
对于担载催化剂后的实施例1~13、比较例1~13,由上述方法测定催化剂填充率。测定位置为蜂窝结构体的径向上的中心和端部、长度方向上距入口端面1cm、距出口端面1cm的共计6个位置,从6个位置分别取出各3个试料。对于各试料,根据由SEM拍摄而得的照片,利用上述的图像解析来求出催化剂部、气孔部,以催化剂填充率=催化剂部的像素数/(催化剂部的像素数+气孔部的像素数)来求出,作为全部试料的平均值算出催化剂填充率。结果示于表1。需说明的是,SEM观察时的倍率为200倍。
[压力损失的评价]
将担载催化剂后的实施例1~13以及比较例1~13的蜂窝结构体通过引擎台架安装到2.2L柴油机的废气系统中,求出在引擎旋转数2200rpm、扭矩45Nm的稳态下的压力损失(kPa)。压力损失是在安装试料并启动引擎后预热30分钟后,由差压计测定,在试料前后的差压充分稳定后测定10秒,作为其平均值来算出。以比较例1的压力损失为基准(数值为1.0),算出实施例1~13以及比较例2~13的压力损失相对于比较例1的压力损失的比作为压损比。进而,压损比的值为1.2以下时判断为良好,超过1.2时判定为不良。结果示于表1。
[NOx净化率的评价]
使用具有柴油机(8L/6汽缸)的尿素SCR系统来进行NOx净化率的评价。向实施例1~13以及比较例1~13的蜂窝结构体流入废气和净化NOx所必需的尿素,测定蜂窝结构体的前段以及后段的NOx量,以(后段的NOx量)/(前段的NOx量)×100算出NOx净化率(%)。NOx净化率的测定是在测温位置为蜂窝结构体的入口端面的前方20mm时的废气温度为250℃、废气流量为380kg/h、NOx/NH3当量比为1.0的条件下进行的。而且,将NOx净化率为90%以上时判定为良好,不到90%时判定为不良。结果示于表1。
表1
由表1可知,使用含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、以及0.5质量份以上的氧化锆的成形原料而制作的实施例1~8、12,使用含有陶瓷原料100质量份、以及吸水后的平均粒径20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物的成形原料,该陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上的硅胶而制作的实施例9~11、13中,隔壁部的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm、润湿面积比R为0.000239μm-1以上。此外,实施例1~13的气孔率均为50%~65%。而且,实施例1~13的压力损失比的值均为1.2以下且NOx净化率均为90%以上,抑制了压力损失的增大且废气净化性能高。比较例1~13中不存在压力损失比的值在1.2以下且NOx净化率为90%以上的试料。此外,与催化剂填充率低于70%的实施例12、13相比,催化剂填充率为70%以上的实施例1~11中,可见抑制压力损失的增大且废气净化性能提高的倾向。
本申请以2015年3月30日提出的日本专利申请第2015-069421号作为优先权主张的基础,其全部内容通过引用包含于本说明书中。
工业上的利用可能性
本发明能够用于作为对从汽车用、建设机械用以及工业用固定引擎以及燃烧机器等排出的废气进行净化的过滤器来利用的蜂窝结构体的制造工业中。
Claims (11)
1.一种蜂窝结构体,具有多孔质的隔壁部,所述多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格,所述隔壁部的平均细孔径为10μm~20μm,该隔壁部的体积V与气孔的润湿面积S的比即润湿面积比R为0.000239μm-1以上,其中R=S/V,
所述气孔的润湿面积S利用通过对隔壁部进行CT扫描而获得的3维体素数据,作为体素数据中的空间体素与物体体素的边界面的面积的合计而算出。
2.如权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构体,所述隔壁部的气孔率为50%~65%。
3.一种蜂窝结构体,其在权利要求1或2所述的蜂窝结构体的所述隔壁部上担载有用于净化废气的催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的蜂窝结构体,所述隔壁部的气孔中存在所述催化剂的部分的比例即催化剂填充率为70%以上。
5.一种蜂窝结构体的制造方法,其为权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,包括:
原料混合工序,将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物、以及0.5质量份以上2质量份以下的氧化锆的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,
成形工序,将所述坯土成形为蜂窝形状,得到蜂窝成形体,
烧成工序,对所述蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格。
6.如权利要求5所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,所述吸水性聚合物的吸水后的平均粒径为40μm以下。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,所述成形原料中的所述吸水性聚合物的含量在吸水前为10质量份以下。
8.一种蜂窝结构体的制造方法,其为权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,包括:
原料混合工序,将含有陶瓷原料100质量份、以及吸水后的平均粒径为20μm以上且吸水前为2质量份以上的吸水性聚合物的成形原料进行混合而成为坯土,所述陶瓷原料含有14质量份以上23质量份以下的硅胶,
成形工序,将所述坯土成形为蜂窝形状,得到蜂窝成形体,
烧成工序,对所述蜂窝成形体进行烧成,得到具有多孔质的隔壁部的蜂窝结构体,所述多孔质的隔壁部形成成为流体流路的多个孔格。
9.如权利要求8所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,所述吸水性聚合物的吸水后的平均粒径为40μm以下。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,所述成形原料中的所述吸水性聚合物的含量在吸水前为10质量份以下。
11.如权利要求5或8所述的蜂窝结构体的制造方法,包括:
在所述烧成工序之后,在所述蜂窝结构体的所述隔壁部上担载催化剂的催化剂担载工序。
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