CN105998190A - 全麻素在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
全麻素在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全麻素在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用。所述的全麻素由0.3份~99.7重量份的工业大麻火麻仁提取物和99.7份~0.3重量份的工业大麻火麻素混匀制成。实验发现所述全麻素具有显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清中肌酐、尿酸的作用,防治高尿酸血症发生。同时调节机体细胞因子,有效抗炎,缓解痛风性关节炎症状,对痛风性关节炎具有治疗和预防作用。本发明还提供了所述全麻素治疗痛风性关节炎的药物制剂及其相应的药物剂型,以常规的制备方法,即可制成在临床上使用的各种不同剂型的药物,使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业大麻利用技术领域,具体地说是涉及一种以工业大麻为主要原料制备得到的药物组合物在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用。
背景技术
大麻的种植历史悠久,古代大麻主要用于制作加工绳索、渔网、服装和造纸原料,以及油脂、食品等。随着社会的发展和进步,人们发现大麻中含有一种毒性成分(四氢大麻酚)可使人致幻成瘾,欧美许多国家曾在相当长时期内禁种大麻。由于大麻的经济利用价值高,到20世纪80年代,一些欧洲国家研究培育出了低毒大麻品种并获得推广种植。1990年欧共体率先紧急修订农业政策,废除了禁种大麻的禁令,开始恢复大麻的生产和研究。随后美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国解除了大麻种植的禁令,全球大麻种植面积和纤维产量有了迅速增长,欧美国家对工业大麻的开发利用再次掀起,国际市场对生态大麻的需求也在迅速增长。根据大麻的经济属性,为充分利用其为人类服务,1988年联合国明确规定不具备提取毒性成分(四氢大麻酚THC)价值或直接作为毒品吸食的,专供工业用途的原料大麻,工业大麻(其生长期大麻花叶中的四氢大麻酚含量小于0.3%),可以合法进行规模化种植与工业化开发利用。
工业大麻是独具特色、比较优势突出的生物资源。工业大麻与传统有毒大麻具有本质差别,工业大麻是一类无毒化的工业原料产品,具有极高的经济利用价值。到2003年末世界各国先后一共选育出25个工业大麻品种,而且欧盟的法、德、英等七国也都成为工业大麻主要种植生产国,以工业大麻纤维和麻籽及其花、叶、根、茎为原料进行系列产品研发与产业化综合开发,已在工业大麻初级加工主产品麻皮纤维、秆芯纤维、麻籽油脂和籽粕蛋白、药用标准化提取物实现产业化生产的基础上,进一步进行深加工利用,派生出来的产品已达到二万五千种以上,包含了人类的衣、食、住、行、用各大类产品。工业大麻产业的研究、开发和生产主要集中在欧洲、加拿大、美国等技术发达国家。工业大麻产业的发展,首先是从选育无毒或低毒化的工业大麻新品种开始的,并以此为基础实现了规模化的种植和高技术产业化的综合开发利用,形成了一个“新兴绿色产业群”和新型工业经济的快速增长点。
火麻仁为大麻干燥成熟果实,古代通常将火麻仁入药,食疗亦有记载。国家卫生部已将火麻仁纳入“既是药品又是食品”——“药食两用”名单。火麻仁的药性及药理为:甘,平。归脾、胃、大肠经。功能主治:润燥,滑肠,通淋,活血。治肠燥便秘,消渴,热淋,风痹,痢疾。月经不调,疥疮,癣癞。在医书中有详细疗效记载,如《本经》:“补中益气。”;《唐本草》:“主五劳。”;《肘后方》:“治大渴,日食数斗,小便赤涩者:麻子一升,水三升,煮三、四沸,取汁饮之。”;《日华子本草》:“补虚劳,长肌肉,下乳,止消渴,催生。治横逆产。”;《本草拾遗》:“下气,利小便,去风痹皮顽,炒令香捣碎,小便浸取汁服;妇人倒产吞二七枚。”;《食疗本草》:“取汁煮粥,去五脏风、润肺。治关节不通、发落,通血脉。”。
大麻的花叶均供药用。麻叶的药性及药理为:辛;有毒。归肺;膀胱;大肠经。功能主治:止痛,定喘,驱蛔。主治气喘,跌扑疼痛,蛔虫病。麻花的药性及药理为:苦;辛;性温;有毒。功能主治:祛风;活血;生发。主风病肢体麻木;遍身瘙痒;妇女经闭。
痛风性关节炎是体内嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的一类疾病。嘌呤经过一系列代谢变化,最终形成的产物叫尿酸。尿酸在人体里没有什么生理功能,在正常情况下,体内产生的尿酸2/3由肾脏排出,1/3由大肠排出。体内的尿酸是在不断地生成和排泄,因此它在血液中维持一定的浓度。在嘌呤的合成与分解过程中,有多种酶的参与,由于酶的先天性异常代谢发生紊乱,使尿酸的合成增加或排出减少,均可引起高尿酸血症。当血尿酸浓度过高时,尿酸即以钠盐的形式沉积在关节、软组织、软骨和肾脏中。尿酸盐晶体在关节腔内会被单核细胞吞噬,激活NALP3复合体,随之NALP3与ASC蛋白结合激活capase1,capase1是一种IL-1β转化酶,可以剪切IL-1β前体使之形成有活性的IL-1β,然后IL-1β与IL-1受体复合物结合,通过MyD88启动NFκB触发继发性的炎性细胞因子转录,最终导致炎症反应,形成痛风性关节炎。如治疗不彻底可致关节肿大、畸形、僵硬、关节周围瘀斑、结节。
目前临床上治疗急性痛风性关节炎的特效药物秋水仙碱其副作用较大,易出现胃肠道症状、骨髓抑制等不良反应,因此,亟需开发一种特效且副作用相对较小的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以工业大麻为主要原料制备的药物组合物—全麻素在制药中的应用。
实际上,本发明涉及全麻素在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用;所述的全麻素由0.3份~99.7重量份的工业大麻火麻仁提取物和99.7份~0.3重量份的工业大麻火麻素混匀制成。
所述的全麻素的原料组成优选为工业大麻火麻仁提取物40份和工业大麻火麻素60份。
其中,所述的工业大麻火麻仁提取物通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)取成熟的工业大麻火麻仁,经烘干、除杂,粉碎后备用;
(2)在20~85℃条件下,用乙醇对粉碎火麻仁料进行提取,乙醇浓度为95%~100%(V/V),料液比为1:5~1:20;
(3)滤出浸提液,减压浓缩后即为工业大麻火麻仁提取物。
在用乙醇对工业大麻火麻仁进行提取时,可采用以下多种方式进行:如室温下浸提,每批物料浸提2次,每次7~10天;在60~85℃条件下,加热提取2次,每次1~3小时;超声波辅助提取,超声波频率30~60kHz,功率100~1000W,提取时间30~60min,浸提温度25~50℃;亦可采用微波辅助提取等其它现有技术。
所述的工业大麻火麻素通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)取工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠或三者的混合物,经烘干、除杂、粉碎至10~60目;
(2)超临界二氧化碳萃取:将上述粉碎好的工业大麻原料投入超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,控制萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间30~90min,萃取压力25~35Mpa,二氧化碳流量40kg/h,分离釜出口收集萃取物;
(3)萃取物用0.2~10倍体积的95%~100%(V/V)的乙醇洗脱,洗脱次数为1~3次;
(4)收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,真空干燥,粉碎后即得工业大麻火麻素。
所述的工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠三者混合物的优选配比为1:3:2。
普通的麻叶、麻花均具有毒性(含有四氢大麻酚THC—毒品大麻的至幻物质)。为排除原料药的毒性,本发明优选采用云南生长的工业大麻品种——“云麻1号”的花、叶、麻糠和火麻仁作为原料。按我国相关法律文件规定,“云麻1号”只能在云南境内种植,并且其花、叶、麻糠只能在云南境内加工。
本发明的药物组合物—全麻素可进一步制成不同的药物制剂,包括口服剂和针剂,其中口服剂包括胶囊剂、口服液、片剂、滴丸、颗粒剂等,针剂包括注射液剂型及注射用冻干粉针剂型等。在制备口服制剂时可选用的辅型剂可以是淀粉、糊精或环糊精、蔗糖、硬脂酸盐等常规充填剂。冻干粉针剂可以通过无菌喷雾干燥、低温真空干燥、冷冻干燥等方法制备。各制剂的后期制备工艺及设备均属制药领域的常规技术,本发明对此不作限定,故在此不予详述。
本发明的药物组合物——全麻素可以显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清中肌酐、尿酸水平,防治高尿酸血症发生。同时调节机体细胞因子,有效抗炎,缓解痛风性关节炎症状。本发明的全麻素具有明确的治疗和预防痛风性关节炎的作用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但实施例并不是对本发明技术方案的限定。
实施例1
采用云南生长的工业大麻品种——“云麻1号”的花、叶、麻糠和火麻仁作为原料。取成熟的工业大麻火麻仁,经烘干、除杂,粉碎后备用;用乙醇对粉碎火麻仁料进行提取(在60~85℃条件下,加热提取2次,每次1~3小时),乙醇浓度为95%~100%(V/V),料液比为1:5~1:20;滤出浸提液,减压浓缩后即为工业大麻火麻仁提取物。
取工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠1:3:2质量比的混合物,经烘干、除杂、粉碎至10~60目;超临界二氧化碳萃取:将上述粉碎好的工业大麻原料投入超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,控制萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间30~90min,萃取压力25~35Mpa,二氧化碳流量40kg/h,分离釜出口收集萃取物;萃取物用0.2~10倍体积的95%~100%(V/V)的乙醇洗脱,洗脱次数为1~3次;收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,真空干燥,粉碎后获得工业大麻火麻素。
取工业大麻火麻仁提取物40份,工业大麻火麻素60份,混匀,得所需的全麻素B。
实施例2
重复实施例1,有以下不同点:在用乙醇对工业大麻火麻仁进行提取时,室温下浸提,每批物料浸提2次,每次7~10天。取工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠1:1:1质量比的混合物作为工业大麻火麻素的提取原料。
取工业大麻火麻仁提取物0.3份,工业大麻火麻素99.7份,混匀,得所需的全麻素A。
实施例3
重复实施例1,有以下不同点:在用乙醇对工业大麻火麻仁进行提取时,采用超声波辅助提取,超声波频率30~60kHz,功率100~1000W,提取时间30~60min,浸提温度25~50℃。取工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠3:2:1质量比的混合物作为工业大麻火麻素的提取原料。
取工业大麻火麻仁提取物99.7份,工业大麻火麻素0.3份,混匀,得所需的全麻素C。
实施例4
取实施例1所得药物100克(过80目筛),加入60克微晶纤维素,过80目筛三遍,混合均匀,喷入95%乙醇溶液,制软材,过40目筛制粒,60℃干燥半小时,分装于3#胶囊中,铝塑复合包装,制得全麻素胶囊剂。
实施例5
取实施例2所得药物,加入物料量5~20%的干淀粉及1~5%的硬脂酸镁等,经混合,制粒,干燥,压片,制得全麻素片剂。
实施例6
取实施例3所得药物,加入蔗糖水及常规量的防腐剂,稳定剂等辅料。过滤、灭菌,分装入10mL瓶中,制成全麻素口服液。
实施例7
取实施例1所得药物,加入注射用水溶解,加入2.0‰活性炭,搅拌,过滤,继以用0.45μm、0.22μm微孔滤膜分级过滤,补充注射用水,分装于西林瓶中,冷冻干燥,回充高纯度氮气,加塞,压盖,包装,制得全麻素注射液。
应用实施例1全麻素对痛风性关节炎的影响。
选取体重180~220gWistar雄性大鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,即正常对照组、模型组、全麻素A、B、C组(20mg/kg)。取250mg尿酸钠结晶加0.9%氯化钠注射溶液45ml,再加5ml吐温80,加热搅拌,配制成50尿酸钠注射悬液。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均用戊巴比妥钠麻醉,仰卧位固定,大鼠右踝关节外侧后方穿刺,向关节腔内注入0.2ml尿酸钠混悬液,诱导痛风性关节炎模型,正常组关节腔内注射等体积生理盐水。于造模当天开始给药,连续给药6天。第7天停止给药,早晨内毗取血,离心取血清,检测血清中肌酐、尿酸含量。用0.9%氯化钠注射液0.5ml冲洗,获得动物患膝的关节冲洗液,测定炎症因子含量。
1、取血清,检测血清中肌酐、尿酸含量。
表1全麻素对痛风性关节炎大鼠血清中肌酐、尿酸含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响
注:与模型组相比,**P<0.01。
2、取冲洗液,检测冲洗液IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2含量。
表2全麻素对痛风性关节炎大鼠关节冲洗液IL‐1β、IL‐6、PGE2含量的影响
注:与模型组相比,*P<0.05。
实验结果显示:全麻素A、B、C组均可降低痛风性关节炎大鼠血清中肌酐、尿酸含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和痛风性关节炎大鼠关节冲洗液IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2含量。结果提示:全麻素可以降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清中肌酐、尿酸水平,防治高尿酸血症发生。同时调节机体细胞因子,有效抗炎,缓解痛风性关节炎症状。对痛风性关节炎具有防治作用。
Claims (6)
1.全麻素在制备治疗痛风性关节炎的药物中的应用;所述的全麻素由0.3份~99.7重量份的工业大麻火麻仁提取物和99.7份~0.3重量份的工业大麻火麻素混匀制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的全麻素的原料组成优选为工业大麻火麻仁提取物40份和工业大麻火麻素60份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的工业大麻火麻仁提取物通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)取成熟的工业大麻火麻仁,经烘干、除杂,粉碎后备用;
(2)在20~85℃条件下,用乙醇对粉碎火麻仁料进行提取,乙醇浓度为95%~100%(V/V),料液比为1:5~1:20;
(3)滤出浸提液,减压浓缩后即为工业大麻火麻仁提取物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的工业大麻火麻素通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)取工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠或三者的混合物,经烘干、除杂、粉碎至10~60目;
(2)超临界二氧化碳萃取:将上述粉碎好的工业大麻原料投入超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,控制萃取温度40~50℃,萃取时间30~90min,萃取压力25~35Mpa,二氧化碳流量40kg/h,分离釜出口收集萃取物;
(3)萃取物用0.2~10倍体积的95%~100%(V/V)的乙醇洗脱,洗脱次数为1~3次;
(4)收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,真空干燥,粉碎后即得工业大麻火麻素。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的工业大麻的花、叶、麻糠三者混合物的优选配比为1:3:2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的工业大麻的品种优选为“云麻1号”。
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CN114540450B (zh) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-08-01 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | 一种调节hprt1基因和oat1蛋白的汉麻仁生物活性肽及其制备方法 |
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