CN105992848A - 摩擦式扫雪机 - Google Patents

摩擦式扫雪机 Download PDF

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CN105992848A
CN105992848A CN201580008400.XA CN201580008400A CN105992848A CN 105992848 A CN105992848 A CN 105992848A CN 201580008400 A CN201580008400 A CN 201580008400A CN 105992848 A CN105992848 A CN 105992848A
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snowplough
friction
type
gauge block
heavy gauge
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阿尔弗雷德·祖菲奥乌-费尔南德斯-德-本托尼奥
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/04—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/04—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material
    • E01H5/06—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades
    • E01H5/068—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades by backblades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/04—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material
    • E01H5/06—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/10—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice by application of heat for melting snow or ice, whether cleared or not, combined or not with clearing or removing mud or water, e.g. burners for melting in situ, heated clearing instruments; Cleaning snow by blowing or suction only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
    • E01H5/12—Apparatus or implements specially adapted for breaking, disintegrating, or loosening layers of ice or hard snow with or without clearing or removing ; Roughening ice or hard snow by means of tools

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种摩擦式扫雪机，其包括具有平行六面体状的装置和重质量块，其设计成在极端的天气条件和状况下将形成在沥青上的雪移除。该扫雪机的运作是基于在运动中的两个物体间的摩擦。用来移动两个物体的功转换成热能量，所述热能量被冰吸收因此使冰融化。重质量块具有正六面体(1)的形状：正六面体的前部形成锐角二面体(2)，紧固元件(3)设置在所述锐角二面体(2)上以与牵引车辆联接；并且正六面体的后部包括横向钩，该横向钩嵌入在重质量块中，并且至少一个滚轮(5)组装在嵌入的后部钩中。

Description

摩擦式扫雪机
技术领域
本说明书涉及一种摩擦式扫雪机，所述摩擦式扫雪机是指用于将雪和冰从沥青路清除的装置，该装置被放置在牵引车辆的后部上。
所述摩擦式扫雪机是呈正六面体形状的重质量块，所述重质量块的前部上具有由锐角正二面体形成的突出物。所述扫雪机通过牵引机进行运作，并且通过三点式连接将所述扫雪机联接到所述牵引机。
技术背景
用于清理沥青路的扫雪机已根据所需功能发展。最初，使用被金属覆盖的由牵引车辆周围拖行的木制三角形物体。后来在牵引车辆的前部安装扫雪机。这些扫雪机由呈刀片形状的钢板形成，以用于通过动力效应(即通过推力)来刮掉并清除雪和冰。
有些卡车的设计具有气体燃烧器来使雪融化，但这些方案非常复杂且太昂贵。
在高山位置使用的其他系统是通过转子的运动收集雪并将雪排出的装置。它们是所谓的可转向扫雪器、涡轮扫雪器或清雪臂。
在所述牵引车辆的前部上设有钢刀片的扫雪机组件在轻微恶劣条件下(即温度并非下降了许多摄氏度)表现良好。
在温度低于摄氏零度的情况下，沥青路面的状况变得更复杂，因为扫雪机经过后，路面上仍留有紧紧粘附的冰层。在这样的情况下，使用诸如食盐(氯化纳)和尿素的化合物。在结冰极其严重的情况下，极端的温度变化加上化合物会损坏路面，而使沥青随时间而磨损，即沥青受到物理上和化学上的损害。
当具有钢刀片的扫雪机系统在磨损的沥青路面上工作时，会导致沥青片块破裂并松脱，形成洞坑。
本发明的摩擦式扫雪机是基于由质量块在路面上的拖力(即重质量块的滑动)而引起的摩擦力。
具有钢刀片的扫雪机在某些状况下不能良好地运作，这些状况是当有薄的冰层紧固地附在表面上时。
本发明示出一种摩擦式扫雪机，其用于利用两个表面之间的摩擦能量将冰从表面移除，其中摩擦系数是小的但移动的质量是大的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于基于将特定质量的块件在表面上拖行时发生的物理过程而制作的扫雪机。
所述摩擦式扫雪机包括重质量块，所述重质量块由正六面体形成并具有锐角二面体。所述重质量块的前部(对应于锐角二面体)具有三点式锚固件，所述三点式锚固件用于将所述扫雪机固定到牵引机。所述三点式元件通过所述牵引机的液压装置而具有升高质量块的功能。
钩联接在所述重质量块的后部(即是所述正六面体)上以放置滚轮系统。旋转的宽滚轮具有两种功能，第一种功能包括旋转地驱动所述工具，第二种功能包括使摩擦的重质量块经过后剩下的冰融化。所述摩擦式扫雪机可具有一个或多个滚轮，取决于所述装置如何运作。
由重材料构成的质量块在附在沥青上的冰层上拖行时产生的力可分为两种力：其一，当质量块静止在表面上时，存在具有静摩擦系数的静摩擦力；其二，当质量块在所述表面上移动时，则已克服了所述物体的惯性力并且转换成具有动摩擦系数的动摩擦力。
所述两个物体的摩擦力消耗的能量不会消失，而是以热的形式消散；该热能量由冰捕获，从而将冰融化和稀释。这样冰层自己会解冻、融化和分离。
附图说明
图1是所述摩擦式扫雪机的透视图，其中清楚地示出了构成所述摩擦式扫雪机的四个部分。
图2是所述扫雪机的侧面透视图。
图3是所述扫雪机的平面图。
图4是附接到牵引单元的所述扫雪机的视图。
具体实施方式
本说明书是基于将特定质量的块件在表面上拖行时发生的物理过程。
可以根据该过程来建构所述扫雪机，该扫雪机专门用于在极端的结冰情况下工作，在这种情况下，现有的扫雪机工作时会留下不能与沥青分离的薄冰层。
所述摩擦式扫雪机用于在极端的温度条件下将重质量块在冰层上拖行。摩擦力或摩擦阻力是对抗两个或更多表面之间的滑行运动的接触力。所述力平行于所述表面并与滑行方向相反。
根据物理定律：
F＝m·a
F摩擦＝F施加
不同材料具有不同的静摩擦系数。
Fr＝us·Fn
不同材料具有不同的动摩擦系数。
Ff＝uk·Fn
不同表面的摩擦系数的例子如下：
橡胶/冰表面的动摩擦系数非常小，因此质量块必须很大，以提供转换为热能量的摩擦力。
如图1和2所示，所述扫雪机由某种材料的呈正六面体形状的质量块形成，所述质量块的前部是锐角二面体(2)。连接系统(3)嵌入在所述质量块的前部的锐角二面体(2)中。该连接系统基于三点式元件。
嵌入的圆筒(4)位于所述质量块(1)的尾部，滚轮(5)联接在所述圆筒(4)上。
图3示出了本发明的第二实施例，其中质量块由正六面体(1)形成并具有位于扫雪机前部的锐角二面体(2)，在正六面体(4)的后部和形成锐角二面体(1)的前部加上轮式支撑件(7)。在该实施例中，提供了嵌入在质量块(4)中的三点式支撑件和滚轮，以联接所使用的双滚轮(6)。
形成滚轮(5)或双滚轮(6)的轮子以及所述重质量块的材料优选地是橡胶。所述轮子和所述重质量块的接触表面上具有图案。具有大体积的质量块的重量在三千与四千公斤之间。
在图4中可见，牵引车辆(8)通过紧固元件(3)钩住呈正六面体(1)形状的所述大体积的质量块。通过牵引车辆(8)本身设有的升降元件将质量块的前部，即锐角二面体(2)从地面水平(9)上升高，从而避免将所述质量块运送到工作地点的过程中由于摩擦而造成磨损。
所述摩擦式扫雪机是钢刀片扫雪机的代替品，以清理粘附有冰层的道路、机场或混凝土路面。

Claims (7)

1.一种摩擦式扫雪机，所述摩擦式扫雪机包括被拖行的重质量块，其特征在于，所述重质量块具有正六面体(1)的形状并且所述重质量块的前部形成锐角二面体(2)，紧固元件(3)设置在所述锐角二面体(2)上以与牵引车辆(8)联接，并且在所述正六面体的后部(4)设有横向钩，所述横向钩嵌入所述重质量块中，并且至少一个滚轮(5)组装在所述嵌入的后部钩中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述紧固元件是由两个钩和中心适配件形成的三点式元件。
3.根据主要的权利要求所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述滚轮由多个轮子形成，所述轮子绕其轴线自由地旋转。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述重质量块在所述正六面体的后部(4)和形成所述锐角二面体(1)的前部设有轮式支撑件(7)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述轮子和所述重质量块的材料优选为橡胶。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述轮子和所述重质量块在接触表面上具有图案。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的摩擦式扫雪机，其特征在于，所述质量块的重量在三千与四千公斤之间。
CN201580008400.XA 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 摩擦式扫雪机 Pending CN105992848A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201430195 2014-02-14
ES201430195A ES2486590B1 (es) 2014-02-14 2014-02-14 Quitanieves de fricción
PCT/ES2015/070095 WO2015121525A1 (es) 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 Quitanieves de fricción

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CN105992848A true CN105992848A (zh) 2016-10-05

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US (1) US20160348326A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3115510B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2017505867A (zh)
CN (1) CN105992848A (zh)
CA (1) CA2938365A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2486590B1 (zh)
PL (1) PL3115510T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2715151C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015121525A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109338971A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-15 宁波好使特电器有限公司 一种新式扫雪机
CN109338971B (zh) * 2018-11-21 2024-01-16 宁波好使特电器有限公司 一种扫雪机

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PL3115510T3 (pl) 2019-02-28
US20160348326A1 (en) 2016-12-01
ES2486590A1 (es) 2014-08-18
EP3115510B1 (en) 2018-08-15
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CA2938365A1 (en) 2015-08-20
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