CN105987177B - 轴弹簧 - Google Patents

轴弹簧 Download PDF

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CN105987177B
CN105987177B CN201610150052.6A CN201610150052A CN105987177B CN 105987177 B CN105987177 B CN 105987177B CN 201610150052 A CN201610150052 A CN 201610150052A CN 105987177 B CN105987177 B CN 105987177B
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fire
outer cylinder
shaft spring
cylindrical elastic
fireproof cover
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CN105987177A (zh
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増田武司
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Neda Chemical Co ltd
Toyo Tire Corp
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Toyo Tire and Rubber Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/50—Sealings between relatively-movable members, by means of a sealing without relatively-moving surfaces, e.g. fluid-tight sealings for transmitting motion through a wall
    • F16J15/52—Sealings between relatively-movable members, by means of a sealing without relatively-moving surfaces, e.g. fluid-tight sealings for transmitting motion through a wall by means of sealing bellows or diaphragms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F16F1/393—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type with spherical or conical sleeves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F16F1/393—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type with spherical or conical sleeves
    • F16F1/3935—Conical sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B60G2202/143—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber subjected to compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/10—Enclosure elements, e.g. for protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/10—Enclosure elements, e.g. for protection
    • F16F2230/105—Flexible, e.g. bellows or bladder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种轴弹簧，其能够在不影响筒状弹性层的防振性能和耐久性等性能的情况下，使橡胶制筒状弹性层免受火花、火等的攻击。解决方案是设置外筒(2)。设置接收外筒(2)传递的负荷的中心件(3)。设置位于外筒(2)和中心件(3)之间的圆锥台形的筒状弹性层(4a、4b)。筒状防火罩(6)固定在外筒(2)以及中心件(3)上。利用防火罩(6)覆盖筒状弹性层(4a、4b)的下表面。对轴弹簧(1)本身的性能不产生任何影响。保护筒状弹性层(4a、4b)免受火花、火等的攻击。

Description

轴弹簧
技术领域
本发明涉及轴弹簧(軸ばね)，该轴弹簧安装在例如铁道车辆的底架侧和车轴侧之间。
背景技术
装配在铁道车辆等上的轴弹簧一般为具备如下部件的结构：安装在底架侧的外筒；安装在车轴侧并接收外筒传递的负荷的中心件；位于外筒以及中心件之间的橡胶制成的圆锥台形的筒状弹性层。这种结构的轴弹簧的橡胶制筒状弹性层的下表面侧露出在外，因而，筒状弹性层容易被损坏，整体的轴弹簧也容易受损。
针对这种橡胶制筒状弹性层露出在外的轴弹簧，专利文献1公开了一种装配覆盖弹性体下端侧的保护罩，保护其免受融雪用蒸汽和融雪剂、盐水和海风的影响的技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：特开2007-278398号公报(段号0026、0028)
发明内容
本发明需要解决的课题
专利文献1的轴弹簧虽然能够保护弹性体不受蒸汽和融雪剂、盐水、海风等的影响，但是无法保护弹性体免受火花和火的攻击。
对此可以考虑提高构成筒状弹性层的橡胶本身的防火性能，但是在提高橡胶的防火性能的同时，有可能会降低筒状弹性层的防振性能和耐久性等其他性能。
本发明的目的在于提供一种轴弹簧，能够在不影响筒状弹性层的防振性能和耐久性等性能的情况下，保护橡胶制筒状弹性层免受火花和火的攻击。
解决课题的方法
为了达到上述目的，本发明的轴弹簧具备：外筒；接收外筒传递的负荷的中心件；位于外筒以及中心件之间的圆锥台形的筒状弹性层，在该外筒以及中心件上固定有覆盖筒状弹性层的下表面的筒状防火罩。
按照上述结构，将筒状防火罩固定在外筒以及中心件上，利用该防火罩覆盖筒状弹性层的下表面，所以能够在对轴弹簧本身的性能不产生任何影响的情况下，保护筒状弹性层免受火花、火等的攻击。
另外，设置连通防火罩的内外的连接通道，可以将该连接通道的流路长度设定为长于防火罩的厚度。
按照该结构，因为设有连通防火罩内外的连接通道，所以在例如铁道车辆的行驶造成了轴弹簧的变位时，通过空气出入连接通道，能够防止防火罩内侧的气压发生变化，例如能够防止防火罩因其内侧发生的负压受损。
并且，连接通道不仅是在防火罩上形成的阻止火侵入的程度的大小的小孔，而且连接通道的流路长度是长的，所以在为连接通道设置较大的内径的同时也能够防止火通过连接通道侵入到防火罩的内侧。而且，因为连接通道的流路长度是长的，所以可以在连接通道上适当形成曲折部，并且在为连接通道设置较大的内径的同时也能够确实地防止火的侵入。因此，能够在保护筒状弹性层免受火花和火的攻击的同时，使防火罩内外的空气出入顺畅，防止防火罩内侧的气压发生变化。
此外，连接通道可以设计成安装在防火罩上的、能够阻止火侵入的程度的小直径的筒状元件等专用元件，但也可以将连接通道形成在中心件上。
按照该结构，因为将连接通道形成在中心件上，所以能够省略作为连接通道的专用元件。而且，中心件是安装在车轴侧的部件，通过在该中心件上形成连接通道，可以使连接通道在轴弹簧进行变位时的λ变位变小，能够防止随着连接通道的变位所发生的惯性力而损坏连接通道以及周围。
发明的效果
如上所述，本发明在轴弹簧的外筒以及中心件上固定筒状防火罩。因此，能够在对轴弹簧本身的性能不产生任何影响的情况下，使用防火罩覆盖轴弹簧的筒状弹性层的下表面，保护筒状弹性层免受火花、火等的攻击。
附图说明
图1是本发明的轴弹簧的剖面图。
图2是另一方案中的轴弹簧的剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明涉及的轴弹簧的实施方案进行说明。
如图1所示，轴弹簧1例如装配在铁道车辆上，并且是具备如下部件的结构：安装在底架侧的外筒2；安装在车轴侧并接收外筒2传递的负荷的中心件3；位于外筒2以及中心件3之间的圆锥台形的两层筒状弹性层4a、4b；位于筒状弹性层4a、4b之间的圆锥台形的中间筒5，并在其外筒2以及中心件3上固定有覆盖筒状弹性层4a、4b的下表面的筒状防火罩6，中心件3上形成有连通防火罩6的内外的连接通道7。
外筒2是将内周面的下侧设计成大直径的圆锥台面的例如钢制的筒状，其上端部嵌合安装在底架侧。该外筒2的下端部的外周面上在周方向连续形成有接合防火罩6的接合槽。
中心件3是例如钢制的，且为具有与外筒2的内周面同一倾斜度的外周面的圆锥台形状，配置在外筒2下方。中心件3的下端部形成有径向地向外侧凸出的垫片8，从其中央部向下凸出的芯轴9嵌合安装在车轴侧。
筒状弹性层4a、4b分别是具有防振性能的圆锥台形的筒状橡胶，且将其外周面以及内周面的倾斜度设定为与外筒2的内周面以及中心件3的外周面一样的角度，并分别硫化粘接在外筒2以及中心件3上。
中间筒5是圆锥台形的例如钢制筒，将其倾斜度设定为与外筒2的内周面以及中心件3的外周面一样的角度，并硫化粘接在筒状弹性层4a、4b上。
防火罩6是例如具有耐火性能的公知的橡胶片制成的筒状，其上端部10接合固定在外筒2的下端部的外周面的接合槽上，下端部利用钢制带11固定在中心件3的下端。该防火罩6由上部大致竖直、下部大致水平的弯曲面构成，覆盖筒状弹性层4a、4b的下侧，阻止橡胶部露出在外。此外，还可以在防火罩6的下部形成波纹管部，以易λ于追随轴弹簧1的变位。
连接通道7由形成在中心件3上的横向孔12和从横向孔12的深处到达芯轴9的下表面的竖向孔13构成，适当形成在多处以连通防火罩6的内外。
按照上述结构，通过防火罩6覆盖筒状弹性层4a、4b，阻止橡胶部露出在外，因此能够提高轴弹簧1的防火性能。而且，形成连接通道7来连通防火罩6的内外，因此通过空气出入连接通道，能够阻止防火罩6内侧的气压随着轴弹簧1的变位发生变化，能够防止防火罩6因其内侧发生的负压受损。
另外，连接通道7是由横向孔12和竖向孔13构成的，所以可以将其流路长度设定为长于防火罩6的厚度，同时，在横向孔12和竖向孔13的边界上使其弯曲。由此，为连接通道7设定大的流路面积以使空气易于出入，同时，阻止火从外部进入到防火罩6的内侧，能够提高轴弹簧1的防火性能。
另外，本发明并不限定于上述实施方案，可以在本发明的范围内适当进行改变。例如，如图2所示，可以在防火罩6的下端附近设置由单独的筒状元件构成的连接通道14来替代在中心件3上形成的连接通道7。连接通道14具有充分的长度以阻止火的侵入，并屈曲成L字形状。此时的连接通道14是由专用的筒状元件构成的，因此除了防火罩6之外的其他部分可以设计成与现有轴弹簧同样的结构。另外，由λ于是在防火罩6的下端附近设置连接通道14，因此能够使连接通道14在轴弹簧1进行变位时的变位变小，能够防止惯性力损坏防火罩6。
此外，可以仅仅是在防火罩6上形成连通其内外的连通孔，而省略连接通道7、14，另外，也可以在防火罩6不因其内侧气压的变化而受损的程度上抑制轴弹簧1的通常的变位为前提，省略连接通道7、14以及连通孔。
附图标记说明
1 轴弹簧
2 外筒
3 中心件
4a、4b 筒状弹性层
5 中间筒
6 防火罩
7 连接通道
8 垫片
9 芯轴
10 上端部
11 钢制带
12 横向孔
13 竖向孔
14 连接通道

Claims (1)

1.一种轴弹簧，具备：外筒；接收所述外筒传递的负荷的中心件；位于所述外筒以及中心件之间的圆锥台形的筒状弹性层，其特征在于，在所述外筒以及中心件上固定有覆盖筒状弹性层的下表面的筒状防火罩，在所述中心件上形成连通所述防火罩的内外的连接通道，将所述连接通道的流路长度设定为长于防火罩的厚度，并且在连接通道上设置由形成于中心件上的横向孔和由横向孔的深处到达中心件的下表面的竖向孔构成的曲折部。
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DE102017222009A1 (de) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-06 Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Federvorrichtung, Federsystem und Fahrzeug
EP3712461A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-23 GMT Gummi-Metall-Technik GmbH Federelement und brandhemmende deckschicht
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JP2016173121A (ja) 2016-09-29
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