CN105900534A - 印刷电路板结构 - Google Patents

印刷电路板结构 Download PDF

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CN105900534A
CN105900534A CN201480072307.0A CN201480072307A CN105900534A CN 105900534 A CN105900534 A CN 105900534A CN 201480072307 A CN201480072307 A CN 201480072307A CN 105900534 A CN105900534 A CN 105900534A
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printed circuit
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heat conduction
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CN105900534B (zh
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亚历山大·卡斯帕
G·施瓦茨
拉维·汉亚尔·希瓦鲁德拉帕
M·麦尔
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AT&S Austria Technologie und Systemtechnik AG
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    • H05K3/40Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
    • H05K3/42Plated through-holes or plated via connections
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明涉及印刷电路板结构(7),其具有至少一层介电绝缘层(2、5o、5u)和至少一层导电层(3、4、6o、6u),其中在该至少一层绝缘层(5a)内,提供了一层(5)介电导热物料的层,该层(5)位于内部导体设置(3)的附近或与其接触。在直接紧贴或接触该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)处,可提供额外的导热层(11),其优选为导电的金属层。亦可有一条至少为导热,优选为导电的镀通孔(9)从处于印刷电路板外的一导体部分(6om)被导引进印刷电路板内部,至少通进该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)附近。

Description

印刷电路板结构
技术领域
本发明涉及印刷电路板结构,其具有至少一层介电绝缘层和至少一层导电层。
背景技术
印刷电路板所产生的热能的分布和其构件的冷却,简称其热能管理,这问题最近变得越来越重要。由于印刷电路板的表面必须设有越来越大量的构件,尤其是集成电路(IC),又因为这些构件例如因芯片内高度功能整合而产生越来越多热能,所以即使产生该些热能,仍必须继续确保该些构件(如IC)的运作,以避免顾客遇到例如涉及移动电话靠着使用者耳朵时变得很热等的问题。在可能的情况下通过所谓的散热通路(thermische Vias)将所产生的热能送走至散热器,即处于印刷电路板表面上的元件,然后该些散热器可以例如风扇主动或被动地冷却,这在本领域中是已知的。
但是,该些散热通路的制作是昂贵和耗时的,而且这样的散热通路也常常不能创建于直接紧贴热源的位置,这减低了其效果。
因此,本发明的目的在于创建一种印刷电路板结构,其提供更佳的热能管理,而且生产更廉宜。
发明内容
这于本发明的印刷电路板结构中达成了,其于该至少一层绝缘层中具有由介电导热物料构成的层,其至少位于内部导体轨道结构附近或接触内部导体轨道结构之处。
本发明允许印刷电路板的廉价生产,该些印刷电路板是拟用作将热能从被大量加热的区域导走,或将其分布,而此外该印刷电路板的外表是不变的,即是说其维度(尤其是其厚度)可保持一样。此外,该印刷电路板结构可采用常规印刷电路板生产工艺生产。本发明于如移动电话、移动计算机等移动装置、汽车工业和医学和其它工业产品中提供其特别优势。
为了改善所产生的热能的分布和散热,可以在直接紧贴或接触该由介电导热物料制成的层的位置提供另外的导热层。在大部分情况下,该另一导电层优选地为导电的金属层。
为了以高效率和快捷的方式将热力散进结构内部,可有利地提供至少为导热的馈道,其从处于印刷电路板外的导体部分通进印刷电路板内部,至少通进该由介电导热物料构成的层附近。在这情况下,如该导热的馈道是导电的、通至内部导体轨道并与其电接触的,则会是特别权宜的。
如馈道从一个导体部分通至处于离第一导体部分一段距离的另一导体部分,而这馈道同样至少通过该由介电导热物料构成的层的附近,则可达成热能管理的另一改善。如该馈道与内部导体轨道结构连接,亦可以是有利的。在很多情况下亦推介令该馈道从一侧上的外部导电层通至在相反侧上的外部导电层。
如该由介电导热物料构成的层填充内部导体轨道结构内的空隙,则获得特别好的热能转送。
附图说明
基于参照附图的示例性实施例,于下文对本发明及其其它优点作详细解释。这些附图如下:
图1至4是示意性的局部截面图,其示出本发明的第一实施例的生产和结构;
图5至10是示意性的局部截面图,其示出本发明的第二实施例的生产和结构;
图11至15是示意性的局部截面图,其示出本发明的第三实施例的生产和结构;
图16至23是示意性的局部截面图,其示出本发明的第四实施例的生产和结构;
图24至26是示意性的局部截面图,其示出本发明的第五实施例的生产和结构;而
图27是本发明第六实施例的示意性的局部截面图,第六实施例是图26中所示的第五实施例的变体。
具体实施方式
首先,将参照图1至4说明本发明的第一实施例的生产。开始点(图1示)是印刷电路板1,其包含:绝缘层2(如预浸渍物料);上导体轨道结构3,其具有在这里绘划出的导体轨道3a至3d;以及下导体轨道结构4,其具有在这里绘划出的导体轨道4a和4b。该印刷电路板1一般是预制的,而且已具有铜的蚀刻图案。在图2示出的下一步中,由介电导热物料构成的层5现被施加至该上导体轨道结构,个别导体轨道之间的空间亦被这介电导热物料5填充。可选的导热物料例如为陶瓷填充膏和碳纳米管,其中的施加过程可以是不同的。
优选的工艺为印刷工艺,例如丝网印刷、模版印刷或其它印刷工艺,但还可使用其它工艺将该导热物料施加。还可使用另一工艺将该导热物料施加至整个表面上。如不期望该物料覆盖整个表面或如果一般的印刷工艺不能用于印刷可能是技术上复杂的设计,则后期的结构化可以是有利的。于是可用一般的印刷工艺将该导热物料施加至整个表面上,并将其预固化(对应于如FR‐4等环氧树脂的“B阶段”)。然后,可使用印刷电路板生产中常用的光刻工艺执行该结构化,其涉及例如以薄膜遮罩屏蔽或直接激光显像(Laser Direct Imaging,LDI)作曝光。在以合适的化学剂显影和冲洗后,将该结构化保存并将该物料完全固化。该固化是以一般方法进行的,例如热固化、UV或IR固化、使用激光照射、等等。
在个别情况中,该些导热物料层的厚度处于5μm至100μm的范围中,而导热系数处于1W/m·K和20W/m·K之间,具体视乎所用物料。
在图3中示出的下一步中,于图2中示出的固有结构被其它的预浸渍层和铜箔层补充,这里即为被一介电层的上层5o与一介电层的下层5u补充,这些层5o和5u则被铜层6o和6u覆盖,其例如为铜箔。这里应注意,“上”和“下”这些词语只是参照附图中的表示方式,并且是用作协助说明。
在最后步骤中,将该上导电层6o和该下导电层6u以期望的方式进一步结构化以产生个别的导体轨道,其于附图中以6oa、6ob和6ua、6ub及6uc标示。由导热物料构成的层5现在使得可以将在这例子中例如由导体轨道3b或3c加热产生的热能从这些导体轨道导走,并将其分布,以致无论在所形成的印刷电路板结构7的内部还是表面上皆没有过量的热量—所谓的“热点”。
现将基于图5至10解释本发明的一变体,其中对类似部件使用相同的参照标号,而图5至7对应图1至3,因为到目前为止的生产工艺和前述的该生产工艺一样。从图7所示的结构开始,现采用于印刷电路板生产的领域中为已知的工艺从顶部造成激光钻孔8下至导体轨道3b。一般是首先钻进上铜层6o,所使用的是于印刷电路板工业中常用的激光钻孔工艺之一,例如标准的UV/CO2激光、直接钻铜(Copper Direct)的CO2激光等等。在钻成钻孔8后,通过例如电化学的工艺施加铜的镀层,制造从上铜轨道6o至铜轨道3b的通路9(垂直互连接通道、馈道)(参见图9)。然后,使用镀铜工艺添加铜的镀层,以增加铜的厚度至其后的结构化工艺所需的厚度,该镀铜工艺于印刷电路板工业中亦是常见的。除了这样地产生通路,替代地亦可以产生从顶至底的机械式馈道。
此后,可将上铜轨道结构化,得出图10中示出的完成的印刷电路板结构10。在这里所示的实施例中,尤其是例如如果具焊盘的芯片坐在这导体轨道上所产生的热能可从图10中的上方中间的导体轨道6om被带走,进入导体轨道的内部,在该处热能由介电,即绝缘的导热层5分布。这避免了结构10的表面过量加热。
现将基于图11至15说明本发明的印刷电路板结构的另一变体,而对于相同的部件该说明将再次使用相同的参照标号。图11和12不需再作解释,因为其对应图1和2。从现于图12中存在的结构开始,现将另一导热层(尤其是导电的金属层11)以例如印刷工艺施加至该介电导热层5上。在下一步(其结果可见于图14中)中,这金属层11以由介电导热物料构成的层5’包封。因此,该金属层11被嵌入了导热的介电层5、5’中。该层11不必须由纯金属构成;亦可用例如氮化铝或金属陶瓷等金属化合物。
在另一步骤中,现以和图3中类似的方式将介电导热层5o和5u以及导电层6o和6u施加和结构化,得出如图15中所示的完成的印刷电路板结构12。如已提及的,这些结构可采用印刷电路板生产的领域中的技术人员已知的常规工艺产生,即尤其是预浸渍层的加压(按期望的应用范畴选择该些预浸渍层的物料)、金属层的电沉积、以及通过印刷工艺施加该些金属层。如将导电层6o和6u电沉积,其则可通过遮罩工艺被结构化。在这实施例的变体中,亦可执行这工艺以产生双面结构,其中下层5u亦具有嵌入导热的介电层的金属层,或者印刷介电导热层这第二步骤可以被省去。
现基于图16至23,再解释另一实施例。图16中的印刷电路板1再次对应图1或11中的印刷电路板1,而图17中所示的结构也例如再次对应图12中所示的结构。和图13中所示的实施例相似,这实施例具有向其施加了的金属层11,但该金属层在这里具有开口11a。在下一步中,由介电导热物料构成的额外层5’被施加,例如印刷,以将金属层11包封,和图14中示的实施例类似。
现通过与上和下介电层5o、5u和导电层6o、6u加压,补充图19中示的结构,其结果于图20中示出。此后,造成激光钻孔8(参见图21,并和图8比较)并如图22中示,以非电性和电化学性的工艺造成通路9(和图9比较)。在将上和下导电层6o和6u结构化后(在这例子中,下导电层6u已被结构化),结果是图23中示出的印刷电路板结构13,其特征在于将介电导热层5、5’与金属层11和通路9结合。这里,作为例子,于导体轨道3c中产生的热能可被管理,即被合适地分布,而于导体轨道6om中产生的热能(例如由坐在这导体轨道上的芯片产生的热能)亦可被导离该处,即导进结构13内部。上述所有关于上文说明的例子所使用的各层的生产和结构化的说明对本例子及下一例子亦以同样方式地适用。在这实施例中,也可执行该工艺以致产生双面的结构。
现参照图24至26解释本发名的一样板实施例。将由介电导热物料构成的层15印刷至导电薄层14上,即铜箔上,其中层15可以是结构化地被印刷,或者可以是被施加至整个表面上,随后可被结构化。这印刷是于铜箔的所谓接受处理的一侧(内侧)进行的。采用上文已提及的其中一种已知的工艺进行固化。
现将由层14和15构成的这结构和预制的和部分被结构化的印刷电路板16连接,例如如通过如图25中示那般将其挤压进入,在这里铜箔14和层15相对于图24中示的设置被倒置。结果是如图25中示的结构,其中用于这结构中的印刷电路板16具有介电层,例如预浸渍层,而下导电层17和两个结构化了的导电层18和19在内部。
在随后的步骤(其结果于图26中示)中,造成穿过整个结构的钻孔20,例如机械地或以激光钻孔。此外,将导电层14和17结构化。钻孔和结构化这两步骤的次序亦可为逆向的。该钻孔20现将上导电层14的某导体轨道部分与下导电层17的某导体轨道部分连接,然后使用镀铜工艺向其内部提供铜的导电层21,其将导电层14、18、17的导体轨道部分以导电及导热的方式彼此连接。在这实施例中,例如被导入处于钻孔20上端的导电层14的一部分的热能可被引进和分布至所得的印刷电路板结构22的内部。
最后,图27示出以图26作起点的变体,其中亦施加额外的介电层23、24和导电层25、26至图27中所示的结构上。此外,这印刷电路板结构(以27标示)于其以介电导热物料构成的层15中还具有如例如图23中般的金属层11,这改善热能分布。在结构27中,热能可在钻孔20的区域中产生,或例如在该结构化的导电层14的导体轨道上产生。
最后,应清楚了解图1至27中的描示一般只示出整个大型印刷电路板结构中的个别细节,而在实用情况下可将各种变体组合化。例如,图27中示出的变体除了钻孔20之外还可同时具有馈道9。

Claims (9)

1.印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其具有至少一层介电绝缘层(2、5o、5u)和至少一层导电层(3、4、6o、6u),
其特征在于
在该至少一层绝缘层(5o、5u)内,提供了一层(5)由介电导热物料构成的层,其至少位于内部导体轨道结构(3)的附近或与其接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于在直接邻近或接触该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)处,提供另一导热层(11)。
3.如权利要求2所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于该另一导热层是导电的金属层(11)。
4.如权利要求1至3之任一所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于一至少为导热的馈道(9)从处于印刷电路板外的导体部分(6om)通进印刷电路板内部,至少通进该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)附近。
5.如权利要求4所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于该导热的馈道(9)是导电的、通至内部导体轨道(3b)并与其电接触的。
6.如权利要求1至5之任一所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于馈道(21、20)从一导体部分(14)通至处于离第一导体部分一段距离的另一导体部分(17),而这馈道同样至少通过该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)的附近。
7.如权利要求6所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于该馈道(21、20)与内部导体轨道结构(18)连接。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于该馈道(21、20)从一侧的外部导电层(14)通至相反侧的外部导电层(17)。
9.如权利要求1至8之任一所述的印刷电路板结构(7、10、12、13、22、27),其特征在于该由介电导热物料构成的层(5)填充内部导体轨道结构(3)内的空隙。
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