CN105899235B - 用于纯化cys连接的抗体-药物缀合物的方法 - Google Patents
用于纯化cys连接的抗体-药物缀合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105899235B CN105899235B CN201580003965.9A CN201580003965A CN105899235B CN 105899235 B CN105899235 B CN 105899235B CN 201580003965 A CN201580003965 A CN 201580003965A CN 105899235 B CN105899235 B CN 105899235B
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用疏水作用色谱法(HIC)纯化半胱氨酸连接的抗体‑药物缀合物之混合物的方法,其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计0%至40%的范围内。使用0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液将所述混合物加载到制备型HIC柱上,其中在流过级分中收集非缀合抗体,随后使用0mM至100mM盐水溶液洗脱经纯化的半胱氨酸连接的抗体‑药物缀合物的混合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于纯化半胱氨酸(Cys)连接的抗体-药物缀合物(antibody-drugconjugate,ADC)的混合物,特别是其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计10%至40%范围内的混合物的方法。
这样的Cys连接的ADC可能在新的靶向癌症治疗中具有重要作用。因此,具有用于纯化Cys连接的ADC之混合物的工业(制备)规模方法是这样的ADC未来商业成功的关键要求。
发明背景
近年来,许多ADC已经投入临床前和临床开发中并且在过去几年中两种ADC已经批准上市。除了将接头-药物与(单克隆)抗体(mAb)缀合的最近发展之外,在(临床前)临床开发的大多数ADC中和目前市售的两种ADC中的药物可以通过赖氨酸残基的N原子或者通过半胱氨残基的S-原子与抗体连接。市售产品或ado-曲妥珠单抗emtansine(Roche/Genentech ImmunoGen)是赖氨酸连接的ADC的实例,或brentuximabvedotin(Seattle Genetics/Takeda Millennium)是半胱氨酸连接的ADC的实例。目前在(临床前)临床开发中的一种ADC是下文所示式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的ADC,其中倍癌霉素(duocarmycin)药物通过半胱氨酸残基与曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)缀合。
首先从链霉菌(Streptomyces)物种培养液中分离的倍癌霉素是抗肿瘤抗生素家族的成员,其包括倍癌霉素A、倍癌霉素SA和CC-1065。这些极其强效的药剂据称是从小沟中腺嘌呤的N3位置序列选择性烷基化DNA的能力中得到其生物学活性,这启动终止于凋亡细胞死亡机制的级联事件。
为了制备Cys连接的ADC,通常部分还原抗体以将一个或更多个链间二硫键转换为两个或更多个游离的半胱氨酸残基。然后游离的半胱氨酸残基的巯基或氢硫基(SH)基团随后与接头-药物分子缀合以形成Cys连接的ADC。通常,该缀合过程产生加载有0、2、4、6和8个接头-药物之抗体的随机不均匀混合物。平均药物-抗体比(drug-to-antibody ratio,DAR)越低,则反应混合物中非缀合抗体(DAR0)的量越高。
已知药物负荷(drug loading)对ADC的抗肿瘤活性具有作用,例如由K.J.Hamblett等在Clinical Cancer Research 10(2004)7063-7070中所描述的。药物负荷还会影响CMC(化学、制造和控制)性质,如聚集。
申请人的WO2011/133039公开了DNA烷基化剂CC-1065的一系列新类似物及其抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)。在实施例15中,已经描述了使用1.1摩尔当量的还原剂以使每个mAb产生2个游离巯基来制备许多曲妥珠单抗-倍癌霉素缀合物。淬灭后,使用r-蛋白A柱纯化ADC以得到平均DAR为约2的接头-药物缀合物。
现有技术公开了疏水作用色谱法(hydrophobic interaction chromatography,HIC)作为许多单克隆抗体(mAb)纯化过程中精制(polishing)步骤的用途。提到色谱法的这个模式特别适用于去除聚集体,并且其为其他生产相关的杂质(例如宿主细胞蛋白、DNA、内毒素、浸出的蛋白A和内源病毒)提供了良好的清除。
HIC也是用于(分析)测定半胱氨酸连接的ADC之DAR和药物负荷分布的行之有效的方法(Laurent Ducry(编辑),Antibody-Drug Conjugates,Methods in MolecularBiology,1045(2013)275-283)。由Jun Ouyang在这本书第17章276页的图2中描绘了Cys连接的ADC(即,MC-VC-PABC-MMAE)的代表性HIC色谱图。提到用降低的盐浓度和提高的有机改性剂的梯度进行洗脱影响了载药种类的柱保留,首先洗脱最低疏水性、非缀合形式(即,非缀合抗体,DAR0),最后洗脱具有8个接头-药物(DAR8)的最高疏水性抗体。279页表2中的数据表明,加权平均DAR为3.6的Cys连接的ADC的混合物只含有4.7%的非缀合抗体。
US4771128描述了使用HIC分离和纯化毒素缀合物,特别是与有毒核糖体-失活蛋白蓖麻毒素A缀合的免疫球蛋白(抗体)的方法。所述方法包括通过筛分色谱法(sizingchromatography)(即,尺寸排阻色谱法,SEC)首先去除未缀合的蓖麻毒素A和聚集体,随后通过疏水凝胶色谱法(即,HIC,使用Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B,体积70ml),其中通过用离子强度逐渐降低的盐溶液进行洗脱来分离缀合物混合物。首先洗脱非缀合的免疫球蛋白。在筛分步骤(sizing step)和随后的色谱分离步骤两者中使用的缓冲液含有氯化钠(1M),流速为约20ml/h至40ml/h,参考实施例1。在一个替代实施方案中,提供“高流速(fast flow)”色谱分离和纯化(即,使用Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B,柱直径1cm,体积3.14m1),其中用第一柱体积的磷酸盐缓冲液/氯化钠(1.5M)溶液以约0.13mL/h的流速去除未缀合的免疫球蛋白,参考实施例2,并且用第二柱体积的含有10体积%至60体积%有机溶剂(即,实施例2中60体积%甘油)的磷酸盐缓冲液去除免疫缀合物。
现有技术中公开的方法的主要缺点是使用工业规模生产上既不期望也不可接受的有机溶剂。
就申请人所知,现有技术中尚未解决的一个问题是ADC纯化过程的规模扩大。
回顾了现有技术,显然需要用于纯化Cys连接的ADC之混合物的新方法。特别是,期望具有在工业制备规模上用于纯化平均DAR为约2至3的Cys连接的ADC的混合物且不是必须使用多个色谱步骤的方法,所述混合物通常含有相对高量的非缀合抗体,有时多至按重量计40%。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于纯化半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物,特别是平均DAR为约2至3的混合物的新方法,其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计10%至40%范围内。
在第一方面,本发明提供了用于纯化半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物之混合物的方法,其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计10%至40%的范围内,所述方法包括:
a.提供在0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液中的所述混合物;
b.将所述溶液加载到制备型疏水作用色谱柱上;
c.收集含有非缀合抗体的流过级分(flow-through fraction);
d.用0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液洗涤所述柱,同时收集所述流过级分;以及
e.用0mM至100mM盐水溶液洗脱所述柱以获得经纯化的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物为式(II)的混合物
其中,
Ab是曲妥珠单抗,并且
q的范围为0至8。
附图简述
图1示出了还原剂的量对DAR种类(species)的分布的影响的一个实例。当使用1.0当量的还原剂时,非缀合曲妥珠单抗抗体DAR0的百分比为按重量计约20%。
图2描绘了根据实施例3中的纯化,在制备规模上进行HIC纯化之前和之后,根据式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物之混合物的分析型HIC色谱图。
图3描绘了根据实施例4中的纯化,在制备规模上进行HIC纯化之前和之后,根据式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物之混合物的分析型HIC色谱图。
发明详述
根据本发明,发现其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计10%至40%范围内的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物(Cys连接的ADC)的混合物可以有利地通过疏水作用色谱法从非缀合抗体(DAR0)和非缀合接头-药物中纯化出来,这通常在缀合反应完成后被淬灭。根据本发明的方法包括:
a.提供在0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液中的混合物;
b.将所述溶液加载到制备型疏水作用色谱柱上;
c.收集含有非缀合抗体的流过级分;
d.用0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液洗涤所述柱,同时收集流过级分;以及
e.用0mM至100mM盐水溶液洗脱所述柱以获得经纯化的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物。
在本说明书的上下文中“盐”并不意味着“缓冲液”(盐)。根据本发明的方法待使用的合适的盐和缓冲液的实例在下文中给出。有利地,在本发明的方法中使用缓冲的盐水溶液。
根据本发明的方法,只使用水性溶液,因此,在任意步骤a、b、d或e中不使用添加的有机溶剂。需要明确的是,步骤e可在不存在盐的条件下进行。
所要求保护的方法包括在允许加载有2至8个接头-药物的抗体、非缀合接头-药物和杂质(通常是聚集体)的混合物与柱填充材料(column packing material)结合的柱负荷条件下,使Cys连接的ADC的混合物与HIC柱填充材料在盐水溶液中接触,同时在负荷条件下非缀合抗体不与之结合,并立即被洗掉/流过所述柱。用较低浓度的盐水溶液进行洗脱将与柱填充材料保持结合/留在柱上的非缀合接头-药物和杂质与Cys连接的ADC分离。
用于加载(步骤b)和洗涤(步骤d)的盐水溶液可以相同或不同。有利地,用于加载(步骤b)和洗涤(步骤d)的盐水溶液是相同的。
如本领域技术人员已知的和在US20100069617的[0057]段中所描述的,HIC柱上最佳的加载/结合和洗脱条件取决于许多因素。因此,不同ADC混合物的单独保留特征的变化,例如,由于抗体、接头和药物的变化,使得期望根据本发明定制/优化HIC柱的操作条件。这种优化主要包括例如,通过确定任何具体的ADC之DAR2种类的(相对)疏水性来确定待纯化的ADC混合物的疏水性,并选择柱填充材料(的疏水性)。它还包括选择/优化加载/结合盐水浓度、洗脱盐水浓度、任何缓冲盐的浓度、和pH值。
根据本发明式(I)和(II)的Cys连接的ADC的混合物具有通过半胱氨酸残基的S-原子与抗体缀合的接头-药物,即,它们是半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物。通常,半胱氨酸残基是存在于抗体(Ab)的重链和/或轻链中的天然半胱氨酸残基并形成链间二硫键。本发明特别涉及其中接头-药物通过Ab(更特别是mAb)的链间二硫键缀合的ADC化合物的纯化。例如,IgG1抗体通常具有四个链间二硫键,所有四个均位于抗体的铰链区中,在二硫键(部分)还原之后,接头-药物随机地与游离巯基连接。
根据本发明式(I)和(II)的Cys连接的ADC化合物的混合物可根据本领域技术人员公知的方法和过程获得。在所述二硫键被完全或部分还原后,可发生通过链间二硫键的缀合。用于制备这样化合物的合适的方法可以在申请人WO2011/133039的描述和实施例中找到。特别地,WO2011/133039的实施例15描述了部分还原曲妥珠单抗以使每个mAb产生2个游离巯基以及与许多接头-药物缀合产生平均DAR为约2的ADC。WO2005/084390的实施例7和8描述了用于具有接头-药物vcMMAE之抗体的(部分)负荷的部分还原、部分还原/部分再氧化以及完全还原策略。
根据本发明待纯化的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物(Cys连接的ADC)的混合物含有按重量计10%至40%范围内,更特别地按重量计10%至35%范围内,甚至更特别地按重量计15%至35%范围内的非缀合抗体的量。本领域公知,缀合后非缀合抗体存在的量随着平均药物-抗体比(DAR)提高而降低。例如,本发明人已经发现当使用大于1.5当量的还原剂来还原单克隆抗体曲妥珠单抗的链间二硫键时,在缀合物的混合物中存在按重量计小于10%的非缀合抗体(DAR0)。当使用1.0当量的还原剂时,在缀合物的混合物中存在按重量计最大量为约50%的DAR2,并且非缀合的抗体(DAR0)曲妥珠单抗的百分比按重量计为约20%(参见图1)。应注意,根据所使用的反应物和反应条件,DAR种类的分布随着还原剂:mAb比而变化。
当尝试具有约2至3,更特别地2.6至2.9,甚至更特别的2.7至2.9的平均DAR时,根据本发明的方法是特别有利的。
根据本发明的方法所使用的制备型HIC柱可以是任何市售的制备型柱。这样的柱和/或合适的柱填充材料的供应商的实例包括Tosoh Bioscience、GE Healthcare、Bio-Rad和Merck Millipore。
所述HIC柱可填充有Fractogel EMD propyl(Merck)、Fractrogel EMD phenyl(Merck Millipore)、Butyl-S sepharose(GE Healthcare)、Octyl Sepharose(GEHealthcare)、Capto Octyl(GE Healthcare)、Capto Butyl(GE Healthcare)、CaptoPhenyl ImpRes(GE Healthcare)、Capto Butyl ImpRes(GE Healthcare)、Toyopearl PPG-600M(Tosoh Bioscience)、Toyopearl Hexyl-650(Tosoh Bioscience)、Toyopearl Butyl-650(Tosoh Bioscience)、Toyopearl Phenyl-650(Tosoh Bioscience)、Toyopearl Ether-650(Tosoh Bioscience)、Macroprep t-Butyl(Bio-Rad)、Macroprep phenyl(Bio-Rad)、Cellufine Butyl(JNC Corporation)、Cellufine Phenyl(JNC Corporation)或Poros HP2(Applied Biosystems)。
有利地,所述HIC柱填充有GE Healthcare的树脂Butyl-S Sepharose6Fast Flow(FF)、Capto Octyl、Octyl Sepharose 4Fast Flow、Phenyl Sepharose 6Fast Flow、CaptoButyl、Butyl Sepharose4Fast Flow或Capto Butyl ImpRes、或Tosoh Bioscience的树脂Toyopearl PPG-600M。多种柱填充材料/树脂的相对疏水性和许多其他特征可从供应商处获得的所述树脂的信息页得到。优选地,根据本发明的方法,HIC柱填充有Butyl-SSepharose 6FF、Capto Butyl、Butyl Sepharose 4FF、Capto Butyl ImpRes或ToyopearlPPG-600M,更优选地填充有Butyl Sepharose 4FF、Capto Butyl ImpRes或Toyopearl PPG-600M,最优选地其填充有Butyl Sepharose 4FF或Toyopearl PPG-600M。
通常,根据本发明的方法,柱床高度为约20cm至25cm,有利地为约20cm,并且柱上的压力保持在低于2bar。
柱尺寸由期望或需要加载到HIC柱上的ADC材料的量决定。如本领域技术人员公知,可加载的ADC材料的量随着柱内部直径和柱长度而增加。
根据本发明的方法所使用的制备型HIC柱的直径通常在4.0mm至2,000mm,优选15mm至2,000mm,更优选80mm至2,000mm,最优选400mm至2,000mm的范围内。柱的直径越大,则可被加载到柱顶部上的ADC材料越多。有利地,因为如此选择柱负荷和洗涤条件使得非缀合抗体(DAR0)流过所述柱,所以柱的容量增加。例如,如果在Cys连接ADC的混合物中存在的非缀合抗体的量按重量计为30%,则根据本发明的纯化过程允许所述柱具有约30%更高的负荷。
加载到根据本发明的方法所使用的制备型柱上的ADC材料的量通常在5g/L至50g/L范围内,优选在5g/L至40g/L,更优选10g/L至40g/L,甚至更优选30g/L至40g/L的柱填充材料的范围内。
根据本发明的方法,有利地可纯化20g至2,000g的批量(batch amount),使得目前本发明要求保护的HIC纯化方法适合于工业规模生产GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice,药品生产质量管理规范)ADC材料。
除了柱直径和长度之外,柱填充材料的平均颗粒大小(d50,体积,累积体积分布的中值颗粒大小)也是相关的。
根据本发明的方法,所选择的颗粒大小允许以最小的流速进行良好的分离。根据本发明的方法,柱填充材料的颗粒大小在30μm至180μm的范围内。优选地,柱填充材料的颗粒大小在35μm至100μm的范围内;甚至更优选地,柱填充材料的颗粒大小在45μm至90μm的范围内。
根据本发明的方法,流速在50cm/h至300cm/h的范围内。优选地,流速在80cm/h至250cm/h,更优选100cm/h至220cm/h,最优选约100cm/h至110cm/h的范围内。
根据本发明的方法,在步骤e中的洗脱可以以常规模式(即,洗脱过程中的流动与加载和洗涤过程中的流动方向相同)或以反向模式(reverse mode)(即洗脱过程中的流动与加载和洗涤过程中的流动方向相反)进行。在应用所要求保护的纯化方法之前,在从非缀合的接头-药物中纯化ADC的(缀合反应)混合物,例如通过使所述(缀合反应)混合物进行(例如,活性炭)过滤的情况下,经纯化的Cys连接的ADC之混合物的反向模式洗脱是特别有利的。
有利地,盐水溶液的盐选自硫氰酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾和硫酸铵。优选地,所述盐是氯化钠或硫酸铵。更优选地,所述盐是硫酸铵。
根据本发明的方法,用于加载(步骤b)和洗涤(步骤d)的盐水溶液的盐与用于洗脱(步骤e)的盐水溶液的盐可以相同或不同。有利地,相同的盐用于步骤b、d和e。
根据本发明的方法,用于加载(步骤b)和洗涤柱(步骤d)的盐水溶液的浓度为0.2M至1.5M。优选地,盐水溶液的浓度为0.2M至1.0M,更优选0.45至0.9M,最优选0.55M至0.9M。
根据本发明的方法,用于洗脱柱(步骤e)的盐水溶液的浓度为0mM-100mM。优选地,盐水溶液的浓度为0mM至90mM,更优选0mM至80mM,甚至更优选0mM至70mM,最优选0mM至55mM。
根据本发明的方法,优选地盐水溶液还含有缓冲液。有利地,当盐水溶液的浓度为0mM(步骤e)时,它包含缓冲液。有利地,缓冲液选自磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、乙酸钠、乙酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸铵、及其混合物。优选地,缓冲液是磷酸盐、乙酸盐或柠檬酸盐、或其混合物,例如柠檬酸盐-磷酸盐缓冲液。更优选地,缓冲液是磷酸钠或乙酸钠。
根据本发明的方法,用于加载(步骤b)、洗涤(步骤d)和洗脱柱(步骤e)的缓冲液的浓度为0mM至100mM,优选0mM至50mM,更优选20mM至30mM。有利地,缓冲盐水溶液用于本发明方法的所有步骤(步骤a至e)。
根据本发明的方法有利地使用的缓冲盐水溶液优选缓冲至约4至约8,更优选约5至约7,最优选约5.0至约5.5的pH。
根据本发明方法之ADC的疏水作用色谱法利用了非缀合抗体、加载有多至8个接头-药物的抗体、非缀合接头-药物和杂质(即,聚集体)的疏水性质的差异以实现经纯化的Cys连接的ADC之混合物的分离和隔离。抗体、ADC、接头-药物或杂质的疏水性越大,它与柱填充材料的相互作用将越强。
根据本发明的方法,包括在半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物之混合物中所期望的ADC的疏水性通过确定相对于参照(即市售的mAb曲妥珠单抗(Roche/Genentech)的保留时间),在分析型HIC柱上的保留时间来测量。为了测量疏水性,制备具有在0.8M硫酸铵中终浓度为1mg/mL的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的ADC样品,使用的分析型HIC柱是TSKgel Butyl-NPR柱(Tosoh Bioscience)。使用线性梯度从100%缓冲液C(25mM磷酸钠,1.5M硫酸铵,pH 6.95)至100%缓冲液D(25mM磷酸钠,pH 6.95,20%异丙醇)在20分钟内以0.4ml/分钟洗脱ADC样品,并且在214nm处测量吸光度以及ADC样品中DAR2种类相对于曲妥珠单抗的保留时间。
根据本发明的方法,使用分析型HIC柱和前面段落中描述的方法,DAR2Cys-连接的ADC种类的相对疏水性在0.1至0.6,特别是0.2至0.5,更特别地0.2至0.45的范围内,曲妥珠单抗的保留时间(Rt)为6.7分钟。
根据本发明的方法特别适用于纯化式(I)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物
其中,
Ab是抗体,
L是选自以下的连接基团:
V1是天然和/或非天然氨基酸的条件性可切割二肽,
CL是选自以下的环化接头:
其中n是1至16的整数,
R选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、OCH3、OCH2CH3、CF3、OCF3、Cl、F,q的范围为0至8,并且
DB是选自以下的DNA结合部分:
这样的Cys连接的ADC混合物已经在申请人的WO2010/062171和WO2011/133039中进行了详细地描述。
根据本发明的方法,天然和/或非天然氨基酸的条件性可切割二肽有利地选自:苯丙氨酰赖氨酸、缬氨酰赖氨酸、缬氨酰丙氨酸、丙氨酰赖氨酸、缬氨酰瓜氨酸、N-甲基缬氨酰瓜氨酸、苯丙氨酰瓜氨酸、异亮氨酰瓜氨酸、色氨酰赖氨酸、色氨酰瓜氨酸、苯丙氨酰精氨酸、苯丙氨酰丙氨酸、苯丙氨酰-N9-甲苯磺酰基精氨酸、苯丙氨酰-N9-硝基精氨酸、亮氨酰赖氨酸、亮氨酰瓜氨酸和苯丙氨酰-O-苯甲酰-苏氨酸。优选地,所述二肽是苯丙氨酰赖氨酸、缬氨酰赖氨酸或缬氨酰瓜氨酸。
根据本发明的方法,所述Ab选自:抗CD 19抗体、抗CD22抗体、抗CD30抗体、抗CD33抗体、抗CD56抗体、抗CD70抗体、抗CD74抗体、抗CD138抗体、抗CLL-1抗体、抗5T4抗体、抗CD303抗体、抗标签72抗体(anti-Tag 72antibody)、抗Lewis A样碳水化合物抗体(anti-Lewis A like carbohydrate antibody)、抗EphB3抗体、抗HMW-MAA抗体、抗CD38抗体、抗Cripto抗体、抗EphA2抗体、抗GPNMB抗体、抗整联蛋白抗体(anti-integrin antibody)、抗MN抗体、抗HER2抗体、抗PSMA抗体、抗EGFR抗体、抗CD203c抗体、抗SLC44A4抗体、抗连接蛋白-4抗体(anti-Nectin-4antibody)、抗间皮素抗体(anti-mesothelin antibody)、抗CD44抗体、抗CD79抗体、抗FcRL5抗体、抗MUC16抗体、抗NaPi2b抗体、抗STEAP-1抗体、抗ETBR抗体、抗TF抗体、抗MUC1抗体、抗HGFR抗体、抗CD37抗体、抗FOLR1抗体、抗CEACAM抗体、抗TROP2抗体、抗GCC抗体、抗Lewis Y抗体、抗LIV1抗体、抗DLL3抗体和抗EPCAM抗体。所述抗体优选为单克隆抗体(mAb)。
根据本发明的方法,所述Ab或优选mAb是抗HER2抗体。更优选地,所述抗体是抗HER2单克隆抗体,特别是曲妥珠单抗或其生物仿制药(biosimilar)。
在本发明方法的一个具体实施方案中,通过使用抗体曲妥珠单抗或其生物仿制药制备根据式(II)的Cys连接的ADC的混合物,该抗体被三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP,每摩尔抗体1.1摩尔当量)还原,并与式(III)的接头-药物(每个游离巯基1.3摩尔当量)反应。缀合通常在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)或二甲基亚砜(DMSO),优选在DMAc中进行。
在本发明方法的某些实施方案中,用N-乙酰半胱氨酸储液(每个接头-药物缀合物1摩尔当量)处理缀合反应混合物以封闭式(III)非缀合接头-药物的反应性基团。
在本发明方法的某些实施方案中,使缀合反应混合物进行过滤步骤以去除不溶的过量式(III)的接头-药物。将反应混合物加载到柱上之前去除过量的接头-药物增加了柱的容量。可使用本领域技术人员公知的过滤器。通常,过滤步骤包括使用预过滤器,随后使用具有绝对孔径等级(rating)的过滤器。合适的预过滤器是含有活性炭的深层过滤器。优选例如ZetaCarbon SLP(3M)的过滤器。
合适的绝对孔径过滤器是由聚醚砜(PES)、乙酸纤维素(CA)或聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)制成。优选的过滤器是PVDF或PES过滤器,通常具有0.2μm的绝对孔径。
在本发明方法的某些实施方案中,通过使用磷酸钠和硫酸铵(在pH6.0-6.5下调节至终浓度20-30mM的磷酸钠和0.55-0.65M的硫酸铵(缓冲液A))制备缀合反应混合物以用于HIC柱纯化。
在本发明方法的一些替代实施方案中,通过使用乙酸钠和硫酸铵(在pH 5.0-5.5下调节至终浓度20-30mM的乙酸钠和0.55-0.9M的硫酸铵(缓冲液A))制备缀合反应混合物以用于HIC柱纯化。
在本发明方法的一个具体实施方案中,所述方法包括使用首先用三个柱体积的缓冲液A(20-30mM磷酸钠、0.55-0.65M硫酸铵,pH 6.0-6.5)以100cm/h的流速平衡的HIC柱(8cm×20cm,Butyl Sepharose 4Fast Flow),随后加载到在缓冲液A中的缀合反应混合物的柱上(步骤b),并收集含有非缀合抗体的流过级分(步骤c)。
步骤d包括用三个柱体积的相同缓冲液A(20-30mM磷酸钠、0.55-0.65M硫酸铵,pH6.0-6.5)以100cm/h的流速洗涤HIC柱,同时收集流过级分,从而去除残留量的非缀合抗体。
步骤e包括用三个柱体积的缓冲液B(20-30mM磷酸钠、45-55mM硫酸铵,pH 6.0-6.5)以100cm/h的流速洗脱HIC柱以获得经纯化的Cys连接的ADC混合物。所述洗脱可以以正常模式或反向模式进行(如上文解释的)。
在本发明方法的另一个具体实施方案中,所述方法包括使用首先用三个柱体积的缓冲液A(20-30mM乙酸钠、0.55-0.9M硫酸铵,pH 5.0-5.5)以100cm/h的流速平衡的HIC柱(1cm×20cm,Toyopearl PPG-600M),随后加载到在缓冲液A中的缀合反应混合物的柱上(步骤b),并收集包含非缀合抗体的流过级分(步骤c)。
加载后,用三个柱体积的相同缓冲液A(20-30mM乙酸钠,0.55-0.9M硫酸铵,pH5.0-5.5)以100cm/h的流速洗涤HIC柱,同时收集流过级分,从而去除残留量的非缀合抗体。
步骤e包括用三个柱体积的缓冲液B(20-30mM乙酸钠,pH 5.0-5.5)以50cm/h至100cm/h的流速洗脱HIC柱以获得经纯化的Cys连接的ADC混合物。所述洗脱可以以正向模式或反向模式进行(如上文解释的)。
因此,纯化Cys连接的ADC的混合物主要是为了得到所期望的DAR2和DAR4种类。在上述条件下,大部分DAR6和DAR8种类、非缀合接头-药物以及任何聚集体杂质保留在HIC柱上。通过用注射用水(water-for-injection,WFI)洗涤HIC柱,可以从柱上洗脱DAR6和DAR8种类以及非缀合接头-药物。
根据本发明的方法特别适用于纯化式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物
其中,
Ab是曲妥珠单抗,并且
q的范围为0至8。
使用用于纯化根据本发明之Cys连接的ADC的混合物的方法的结果是显著地从所述ADC的混合物去除了非缀合抗体,平均DAR增加。例如,如以下实施例3所示,根据式(II)之Cys连接的ADC化合物的平均DAR在HIC纯化后从1.75增加到2.5。
HIC纯化后,通常将经纯化的Cys连接的ADC的缓冲液改变为冻干缓冲液,随后使用常规方法和设备冻干Cys连接的ADC以得到冻干的饼(cake)。
实施例
实施例1-式(III)化合物接头-药物溶液的制备
在隔离器(手套箱)的保护环境中,将足够量的式(III)化合物的固体称重到瓶中。将所述固体溶解于100%的DMAc中以达到约20mM的浓度。然后,将所述瓶从隔离器中取出并在室温下且避免光照地将其储存在通风橱中。
在确定确切的浓度后,将接头-药物溶液稀释至40mM。
实施例2-接头-药物与曲妥珠单抗的缀合
将抗HER2单克隆抗体(mAb)曲妥珠单抗与式(III)的接头-药物缀合,从而得到式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物。
所有操作均在通风橱中于持续搅拌下进行。
在缀合之前,立即将在pH 6的4.2mM组氨酸、50mM海藻糖、0.01%聚山梨醇酯20中的60mg/mL曲妥珠单抗的溶液与还原缓冲液(4.2mM组氨酸、50mM海藻糖、3mM EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)和1mM TCEP,pH 6)以2∶1混合。TCEP是还原剂并且以相对于1当量曲妥珠单抗1.15摩尔当量的摩尔比添加以使每个mAb产生2个游离巯基。在室温下孵育60分钟后,添加N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)溶液(100%)和式(III)的接头-药物(在DMAc中10mM,相对于mAb为2.2当量)以使得DMAc的终浓度为2.5%v/v。
在过夜缀合后,通过活性炭过滤器(ZetaCarbon SLP,3M),随后通过0.2μm聚醚砜(PES)过滤器过滤该混合物以去除不溶的过量式(III)的接头-药物。
图2A和图3A示出了在分析型HIC柱(下文描述)上两个不同批次的所得缀合反应混合物的色谱图。没有检出DAR8。平均DAR经计算为1.75。
实施例3-使用HIC的纯化
所有的色谱步骤均在室温下进行。
通过将磷酸钠(84mM)和硫酸铵(2.21M)的缓冲液以1体积的缓冲液与2体积的缀合反应混合物的比混合以得到在DH 6.5下终浓度26mM的磷酸钠和0.62M的硫酸铵来制备上述获得的缀合反应混合物以用于HIC柱纯化。
制备型8cm×20cm柱填充有Butyl SeDharose 4Fast Flow(GE Healthcare)。用3个柱体积的缓冲液A(26mM磷酸钠、0.62硫酸铵,pH 6.5)以100cm/h的流速平衡柱。将缀合反应混合物加载到柱上直到10g/L的柱填充材料/树脂。流速设定为100cm/h。在这些条件下,非缀合抗体(即,曲妥珠单抗)不与柱结合/流过柱,并用3个柱体积的缓冲液A(26mM磷酸钠、0.62M硫酸铵,DH 6.5)以100cm/h的流速进一步从柱洗掉非缀合抗体。收集并合并加载及洗涤的流过级分。通过用3个柱体积的缓冲液B(25mM磷酸钠、50mM硫酸铵,pH 6.2)以100cm/h的流速洗脱来实现半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的DAR2和DAR4种类的洗脱。在这些条件下,任何剩余的非缀合接头-药物和大部分DAR6半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物保留在柱上。用2个柱体积的注射用水(WFI)以100cm/h的流速洗涤柱以洗脱任何剩余的非缀合接头-药物和大部分DAR6半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物。
图2B示出了在制备规模上进行HIC纯化后,在分析型HIC柱(下文描述)上缀合反应混合物的色谱图。没有检出DAR0。平均DAR经计算为2.50。
实施例4-使用HIC的替代纯化
所有色谱步骤均在室温下进行。
通过将乙酸钠(75mM)和硫酸铵(2.4M)的缓冲液以1体积的缓冲液与2体积的缀合反应混合物混合以达到在pH 5.3下终浓度为25mM的乙酸钠和0.8M的硫酸铵来制备如上述获得的单独批次的缀合反应混合物以用于HIC柱纯化。
制备型1cm×20cm柱填充有Toyopearl PPG-600M(Tosoh Bioscience)。用3个柱体积的缓冲液A(25mM乙酸钠、0.8M硫酸铵,pH 5.3)以100cm/h的流速平衡柱。将缀合反应混合物加载到柱上直到35g/L的柱填充材料/树脂。流速设定为100cm/h。在这些条件下,非缀合抗体(即,曲妥珠单抗)不与柱结合/流过柱,并用3.5个柱体积的缓冲液A(25mM乙酸钠、0.8M硫酸铵,pH 5.3)以100cm/h的流速进一步从柱中洗掉非缀合抗体。收集并合并加载及洗涤的流过级分。通过用3.5个柱体积的缓冲液B(25mM乙酸钠,pH 5.3)以100cm/h的流速洗脱以实现半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的DAR2和DAR4种类的洗脱。在这些条件下,任何剩余的非缀合接头-药物和大部分DAR6半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物保留在柱上。用2个柱体积的40%异丙醇以100cm/h的流速洗涤柱以洗脱任何剩余的非缀合接头-药物和大部分DAR6半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物。
图3B示出了在制备规模上进行HIC纯化后,在分析型HIC柱(下文描述)上缀合反应混合物的色谱图。没有检出DAR0。平均DAR经计算为2.80。
实施例5-使用分析型HIC的分析
通过分析型疏水作用色谱(HIC)进行半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的分析。通过用90μL 0.89M的硫酸铵水溶液稀释10μL的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物产生在0.8M硫酸铵中终浓度1mg/mL的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物来制备样品。将10μL的该样品注射到TSKgel ButyI-NPR柱(Tosoh Bioscience)上。洗脱方法由在20分钟内以0.4ml/分钟的从100%缓冲液C(25mM磷酸钠、1.5M硫酸铵,pH 6.95)至100%缓冲液D(25mM磷酸钠,pH6.95,20%异丙醇)的线性梯度组成。使用配备有PDA检测器和Empower软件的WatersAcquity H-Class UPLC系统。在214nm处测量吸光度并测定半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的保留时间。
在曲妥珠单抗/样品上应用相同的分析方法,并且如上所述制备该样品并在214nm处测量样品的保留时间。
实施例6-相对疏水性的测定
使用Cys连接的ADC之混合物中所述DAR2种类的保留时间(Rt)计算DAR2半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物种类的相对疏水性,并使用下式计算曲妥珠单抗/的保留时间:
[Rt(DAR2)-Rt(曲妥珠单抗/)]/Rt(曲妥珠单抗/)。
当曲妥珠单抗/的保留时间为6.7分钟时,在上述分析型HIC柱上式(II)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的DAR2种类显示9.6分钟的保留时间和0.4的相对疏水性。
Claims (18)
1.用于纯化式(I)的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物之混合物的方法,
其中,
Ab是抗体,
L是选自以下的连接基团:
V1是天然和/或非天然氨基酸的条件性可切割二肽,
CL是选自以下的环化接头:
其中n是1至16的整数,
R选自H、CH3、CH2CH3、OCH3、OCH2CH3、CF3、OCF3、Cl、F,
q的范围为0至8,且
DB是选自以下的DNA结合部分:
其中非缀合抗体的量在按重量计10%至40%的范围内,所述方法包括:
a.提供在0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液中的所述混合物;
b.将所述溶液加载到制备型疏水作用色谱柱上;
c.收集含有非缀合抗体的流过级分;
d.用0.2M至1.5M盐水溶液洗涤所述柱,同时收集所述流过级分;以及
e.用0mM至100mM盐水溶液洗脱所述柱以获得经纯化的半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物;
其中在任何步骤a、b、d或e中不使用添加的有机溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述柱填充有Fractogel EMD propyl、FractrogelEMD phenyl、Butyl-S sepharose、Octyl Sepharose、Capto Octyl、Capto Butyl、CaptoPhenyl ImpRes、Capto Butyl ImpRes、Toyopearl PPG-600M、Toyopearl Hexyl-650、Toyopearl Butyl-650、Toyopearl Phenyl-650、Toyopearl Ether-650、Macroprep t-Butyl、Macroprep phenyl、Cellufiine Butyl、Cellufine Phenyl或Poros HP2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述柱的直径在4.0mm至2,000mm的范围内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述柱的直径在15mm至2,000mm的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述柱负荷在5g/L至50g/L的柱填充材料的范围内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述柱负荷在5g/L至40g/L的柱填充材料的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述柱填充材料的平均颗粒大小在30μm至180μm的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述盐水溶液的盐选自:硫氰酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾和硫酸铵。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述盐是氯化钠或硫酸铵。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述盐水溶液还含有缓冲液。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述缓冲液选自:磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、乙酸钠、乙酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸铵、及其混合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述缓冲液是磷酸钠或乙酸钠。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述盐水溶液被缓冲至pH4至8。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中步骤e中的所述洗脱以反向模式进行。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述Ab选自:抗CD19抗体、抗CD22抗体、抗CD30抗体、抗CD33抗体、抗CD56抗体、抗CD70抗体、抗CD74抗体、抗CD138抗体、抗CLL-1抗体、抗5T4抗体、抗CD303抗体、抗标签72抗体、抗Lewis A样碳水化合物抗体、抗EphB3抗体、抗HMW-MAA抗体、抗CD38抗体、抗Cripto抗体、抗EphA2抗体、抗GPNMB抗体、抗整联蛋白抗体、抗MN抗体、抗HER2抗体、抗PSMA抗体、抗EGFR抗体、抗CD203c抗体、抗SLC44A4抗体、抗连接蛋白-4抗体、抗间皮素抗体、抗CD44抗体、抗CD79抗体、抗FcRL5抗体、抗MUC16抗体、抗NaPi2b抗体、抗STEAP-1抗体、抗ETBR抗体、抗TF抗体、抗MUC1抗体、抗HGFR抗体、抗CD37抗体、抗FOLR1抗体、抗CEACAM抗体、抗TROP2抗体、抗GCC抗体、抗Lewis Y抗体、抗LIV1抗体、抗DLL3抗体和抗EPCAM抗体。
16.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物为式(II)的混合物
其中,
Ab是曲妥珠单抗,并且
q的范围为0至8。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中纯化的式(II)的所述半胱氨酸连接的抗体-药物缀合物的混合物具有2.6至2.9的平均药物-抗体比(DAR)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述平均DAR为2.80。
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CL2016001741A1 (es) | 2017-05-12 |
LT3092010T (lt) | 2018-10-25 |
MY177390A (en) | 2020-09-14 |
KR20160106721A (ko) | 2016-09-12 |
RU2016132634A3 (zh) | 2018-09-05 |
EP3092010A2 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
CY1120595T1 (el) | 2019-12-11 |
ZA201604531B (en) | 2018-07-25 |
WO2015104359A2 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
DK3092010T3 (en) | 2018-08-27 |
MX2016009068A (es) | 2016-09-28 |
PT3092010T (pt) | 2018-09-28 |
CN105899235A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
JP6419844B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
SG11201605605SA (en) | 2016-08-30 |
ES2687225T3 (es) | 2018-10-24 |
WO2015104359A3 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
PL3092010T3 (pl) | 2019-01-31 |
HRP20181525T1 (hr) | 2018-11-16 |
CA2935456C (en) | 2018-09-18 |
JP2017502085A (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
US20160324979A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
AU2015205574B2 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
RU2680404C2 (ru) | 2019-02-21 |
US10266606B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
AU2015205574A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
CA2935456A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
EP3092010B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
KR102323301B1 (ko) | 2021-11-09 |
RU2016132634A (ru) | 2018-02-16 |
TR201810856T4 (tr) | 2018-08-27 |
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