CN105885053A - 一种膦酸酯类光引发剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C08G77/395—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon containing phosphorus
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种膦酸酯类光引发剂,所述光引发剂的化学结构如(I)所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及感光材料和光固化材料领域,更具体地说,本发明是关于一种膦酸酯类光引发剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
光固化是指有机配方材料体系在紫外光辐照下瞬间聚合交联固化的技术,其组成主要包括光固化树脂、光固化活性稀释单体、光引发剂,主要应用于涂料、油墨、胶粘剂领域。然而传统自由基型的光固化技术,尽管固化速度快,但由于自由基聚合普遍存在氧阻聚效应,光固化涂层表面始终存在不容忽视的氧阻聚,导致涂层表面聚合交联不充分,出现表层耐磨性不足,甚至可能表面发粘、返粘等弊病。
另一方面,传统光固化使用中压汞灯作为辐照光源,电能转换为紫外光能的效率不高,较多电能转换为热能和相对无用的红外、可见光,较大的发热量影响了光固化技术在某些热敏基材上的使用,同时在节能方面还有很大挖掘空间。另外,退役的废旧汞灯在回收处理过程中也容易产生汞污染问题。有鉴于此,能够发射较窄谱带宽度紫外光的UV LED光源可以在光固化领域获得应用,产生更高的节能效益和更小的热效应,且UV LED工作过程中升温效应很低,可实现高能量输出的冷光源固化,也不会带来显著的光源污染问题。UV LED是光固化领域传统中压汞灯非常理想的替代光源。
然而光固化领域适合主流385-395nm发射UV LED的光引发剂性能普遍不佳,现有光引发剂长波紫外吸光能力较弱,尤其对UVLED在385-395nm发射紫外光的吸收能力较低,感光产生自由基的效率不高,导致严重的涂层表面氧阻聚,限制了UV LED在光固化中的广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种具有较低表面张力、能够有效抑制氧阻聚效应的光引发剂。该光引发剂可在涂层配方中富集于涂层表面,提高涂层表层的光引发剂浓度,在长波紫外性质的UV LED光源辐照下,可有效抑制涂层表面的氧阻聚效应,促进整个涂层由表及里的完善固化,获得性能更佳的光固化涂层。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供一种长波吸收、高效率的光引发剂的制备方法。
为了解决第一个技术问题,本发明提供了一种膦酸酯类光引发剂,所述光引发剂的化学结构如(I)所示:
其中,n=2~4
X为聚硅氧烷基,
所述聚硅氧烷链是基于二甲基硅氧基本结构单元的化合物,包含聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷化合物。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供一种制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,将化学结构式如(II)所示的苯甲酰基膦酸化合物A与带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷进行环氧基开环酯化反应,待反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂即可制得目标产物,即聚硅氧烷改性磷酸酯光引发剂。
本制备方法通过在芳甲酰基芳基膦酸,即化合物A上引入聚硅氧烷链,获得聚硅氧烷改性的膦酸酯类光引发剂,该光引发剂具有较低的表面张力,较大分子量和多官能特征,于常规光固化配方中极易上浮,富集于涂层表面。
为了缩短化学反应时间,提高制备效率,本环氧基开环酯化反应还可以添加适量催化剂,但所述催化剂并非必然需要,催化剂用量为化合物A质量数的0-10%,所述催化剂一般优选为叔胺类、四烷基季铵盐类或三芳基膦化合物,进一步的,所述催化剂为碳原子总数为6-17的叔胺化合物、碳原子总数为11-19的四烷基季铵盐或三苯基膦。更进一步地优选为三乙胺、二甲基苄胺、二丁基苄胺、三甲基苄基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、三甲基十六烷基溴化铵。
上述反应过程在中等至较高极性的溶剂环境下进行,所述溶剂优选为7-9个碳原子的烷基取代苯系溶剂、4-6个碳原子的酮类溶剂或者4-7个碳原子的酯类溶剂中进行。
所述化合物A与带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷的环氧基摩尔量比例为0.0095-0.0105∶0.01,化学反应温度优选为60-100℃,以反应体系酸值降至5mgKOH/g以下或红外光谱监测到环氧基特征信号消失作为反应完全的标志。
所述带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷亦称环氧硅油,其分子量为1000-20000,环氧值为0.011-0.17mol/100g,带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷是在二甲基硅油分子主链结构上引入了缩水甘油醚型的环氧基团,所述环氧基团可位于硅油分子链链端或硅油分子链侧链上,即本发明涉及的环氧基聚硅氧烷包括端环氧基硅油和侧链环氧基硅油,还包括聚醚改性的环氧化聚硅氧烷。
本发明合成的聚硅氧烷改性膦酸酯光引发剂是一种具有感光引发固化功能的低聚物树脂,在377nm处具有吸收峰,吸收峰红向拖尾覆盖385、395nm,将其添加于丙烯酸酯单体和/或丙烯酸酯化的树脂体系中,可用365-395nm主发射的UV-LED光源实施有效固化,以其较低表面张力、表面富集、集中局部产生高浓度活性自由基,克服表面氧阻聚。
具体实施方式
实施例1 2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸的制备
三颈瓶中加入80ml丁酮-2,取31.6g(0.1mol)2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯与之混合,加入碘化钠15g(0.1mol),搅拌加热至65℃,反应过程中不断析出沉淀,反应24小时,冷却后过滤分离,液体为丁酮-2与碘乙烷混合物,经分馏后可留作他用。所得固体以丙酮洗涤,干燥,溶于150ml去离子水中,以浓度为1M的硫酸对该溶液进行酸化,调节pH值为1,静置数小时后,取代芳甲酰基苯基膦酸析出结晶完全,过滤,水洗,真空干燥。产物2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸26.1g,收率90.6%。结构检测1H NMR(d6-DMSO):δ(ppm)=2.13(s,3H),2.34(s,6H),6.76(s,2H)7.35(m,2H),7.62(m,1H),7.75(m,2H)。
以上仅是2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸常用的一种制备方法,作为原料,也可以通过市场获取。
实施例2
取2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸2.7g(0.0095mol)与5.9g分子量为1200,环氧值为0.17mol/100g的环氧硅油(环氧摩尔量0.01mol,安徽艾约塔硅油有限公司生产)混合分散于50ml甲苯中,搅拌,60℃加热反应13小时,取样进行酸值测定,酸值已降至1.2mgKOH/g,结束反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得液态透明产物8.4克,红外光谱检测表明原属环氧硅油环氧基团的912cm-1处特征吸收峰基本消失。
实施例3
2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸2.7g,即0.0095mol,与11.0g分子量为4300,环氧值为0.091mol/100g的聚醚改性环氧硅油(环氧摩尔量0.01mol)混合分散于50ml乙酸丁酯中,添加0.27g N,N-二甲基苄胺作为催化剂,搅拌,95℃加热反应2小时,取样进行酸值测定,酸值已降至0.91mgKOH/g,结束反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得液态透明产物13.6克,红外光谱检测表明原属环氧硅油环氧基团的912cm-1处特征吸收峰基本消失。
实施例4
2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸2.7g,即0.0095mol,与19.2g分子量为3800,环氧值为0.052mol/100g的环氧硅油(环氧摩尔量0.01mol)混合分散于100ml乙酸丁酯中,添加0.27g四丁基溴化铵作为催化剂,搅拌,95℃加热反应2小时,取样进行酸值测定,酸值已降至1.3mgKOH/g,结束反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得液态透明产物13.6克,红外光谱检测表明原属环氧硅油环氧基团的912cm-1处特征吸收峰基本消失。
实施例5
2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基苯基膦酸2.7g,即0.0105mol,与91.0g分子量为19000,环氧值为0.011mol/100g的环氧硅油(环氧摩尔量0.01mol)混合分散于200ml环己酮中,添加0.25g三苯基膦作为催化剂,搅拌,95℃加热反应5小时,取样进行酸值测定,酸值已降至3.6mgKOH/g,结束反应,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得液态透明产物93.5克,红外光谱检测表明原属环氧硅油环氧基团的912cm-1处特征吸收峰消失。
实施例6
光固化性能对照实验,光固化树脂和活性稀释剂均为市场获得通用品,TPO与Darocure 1173(简称D1173)为市场通用型光引发剂。辐照光源包括中压汞灯与UV LED。其中,中压汞灯2000W,辐照面光强180mW/cm2,;365nm UV LED、385nm UV LED、395nm UVLED光源辐照面光强分别为86、155、220W/cm2。
取环氧丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、光引发剂混合均匀,四者的重量比分别为55%、26%、15%和4%,滚涂于玻璃板上,以不同规格紫外光源辐照30秒,分别通过手指触压、丙酮擦拭后表面光泽度变化等指标检验涂层表面固化情况,其中光引发剂由TPO和D1173按照表1所示质量分数组成,或者由TPO、D1173和本发明所述光引发剂按照表1所示质量分数组成。实验条件与结果如表1所示,表1中,╳表示有指纹印,〇表示无指纹印,丙酮擦拭采用棉球蘸取,单次单向擦拭5次的方法。
表1
Claims (8)
1.一种膦酸酯类光引发剂,其特征在于,所述光引发剂的化学结构如(I)所示:
其中,n=2~4
X为聚硅氧烷基,所述聚硅氧烷基是基于二甲基硅氧基本结构单元的聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膦酸酯类光引发剂,其特征在于,所述聚硅氧烷基为聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷化合物。
3.一种制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,将化学结构式如(II)所示的苯甲酰基膦酸化合物A与带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷进行环氧基开环酯化反应,待反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂即可制得。
4.根据权利要求3所述制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物A与带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷的环氧基摩尔量比例为0.0095-0.0105∶0.01,化学反应温度为60-100℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,所述环氧基开环酯化反应过程中催化剂用量为化合物A质量数的0-10%,所述催化剂为叔胺类、四烷基季铵盐类或三芳基膦化合物,所述环氧基开环酯化反应在总数为7-9个碳原子的烷基取代苯系溶剂、4-6个碳原子的酮类溶剂或者4-7个碳原子的酯类溶剂中进行。
6.根据权利要求5所述制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为碳原子总数为6-17的叔胺化合物、碳原子总数为11-19的四烷基季铵盐或三苯基膦。
7.根据权利要求6所述制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为三乙胺、二甲基苄胺、二丁基苄胺、三甲基苄基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、三甲基十六烷基溴化铵。
8.根据权利要求5至7任一所述制备膦酸酯类光引发剂的方法,其特征在于,所述带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷的分子量为1000-20000,环氧值为0.011-0.17mol/100g,带有环氧基团的聚硅氧烷是在二甲基硅油分子主链结构上引入了缩水甘油醚型的环氧基团,所述环氧基团位于硅油分子链链端或硅油分子链侧链上。
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