CN1058837C - High-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN1058837C CN1058837C CN96122149A CN96122149A CN1058837C CN 1058837 C CN1058837 C CN 1058837C CN 96122149 A CN96122149 A CN 96122149A CN 96122149 A CN96122149 A CN 96122149A CN 1058837 C CN1058837 C CN 1058837C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum, which aims at the disadvantages of wide planting areas and low yield existing in the prior art. The present invention comprises the following steps: selection of different time to sow seeds and plant seedlings according to different planting regions, the general field management of timely manuring, irrigation, and the integrate field management of diseases and insect pests, harvest at proper time, drying and storage. The technique of the present invention has the advantages of quickness, high yield, concentrated collection period, labor saving and low cost.
Description
The present invention relates to the production method of plant, be specifically related to the production method of Dalmatian chrysanthemum.
Dalmatian chrysanthemum originates in Europe, is world-renowned natural nuisance-free pesticide plant, and the capitulum of Dalmatian chrysanthemum (fresh idea) is the raw material that extracts pyrethrins, and long cultivation history is all arranged on Europe, Japan, Africa and other places.Because Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed very thin thin (achene), thousand grain weigth is the 0.7-1.0 gram, low, the growing-seedling period of emergence rate grows up to and is a difficult problem in the seedling breeding in the seed growing, and the breeding of seedling and culture technique are to promote the key that whole dry pyrethrum flower is produced.Dalmatian chrysanthemum produces the Japan in existing long-range period, the culture technique that Kenya mainly adopts exists the shortcoming of extensive cultivation, report 330 kilograms of average per hectare product dried flowers as " technical crop " chapter 2 Dalmatian chrysanthemum that the matsuda show hero of Japan's publication in 1994 is write, report in " natural pesticide plant Dalmatian chrysanthemum " that the John E Casida that the U.S. published in 1973 writes, behind field planting 2-3, just can enter high yield under the good working condition of Kenya, under study for action the heart experimental field in during high yield every acre can gather in the crops 800 pounds of (one acre=6.07 mu, conversion is 60 kilograms/mu) dried flowers.
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned shortcoming that prior art exists, on the basis of another invention " Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed seedling-cultivating method " of applicant, provide a kind of Dalmatian chrysanthemum production method, reach fast, high yield, picking time are concentrated the purpose of saving the labour, reducing cost.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Dalmatian chrysanthemum production method comprises field planting, field Routine Management, gathers and dry inflorescence, and the seeding row spacing of field planting is 45-50 * 50 centimetre, and the strain number is 2400-2500 strain/mu; Arrive pregnant flower bud phase spraying fertilizer 2-3 time after the field planting; The pregnant flower bud phase of bolting pours water 3-4 time; When the Xiao Hua in the capitulum has 1/3-1/2 open, pluck inflorescence, be dried to water content weight less than 9%.
In the above-mentioned production method, field planting in 90-100 days behind the planting seed.
In the above-mentioned production method, planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprayed medicine 1-4 time again behind the At intervals of two to three weeks.
In the above-mentioned production method, the dry weather-drying that adopts.
In the above-mentioned production method, preferred seed field planting in after planting 90-100 days, planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprayed insecticide 1-4 time behind the At intervals of two to three weeks again, the dry weather-drying that adopts.
Below with the committed step of production method of the present invention based on principle the present invention's excellent beneficial effect compared with the prior art is described.
The seeding row spacing of seedling field planting of the present invention is 45-50 * 50 centimetre, and every mu of field planting strain number is the 2400-2500 strain, proves that seedling of the present invention field planting strain strong, that need is few, can interplanting; After field planting, arrive the pregnant flower bud phase for strengthening winter-spring season nutrition, impel the concentrated growth of bolting, bud, should topdress 2-3 time; Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, and the precipitation in this period only is 10% of annual precipitation, and selecting to irrigate 3-4 time is the important measures of acquisition good quality and high output dried flower; The extermination of disease and insect pest adopts puts prevention first, and spreads very important function is arranged preventing and treating seedling and control damage by disease and insect; The Xiao Hua of timely collecting employing in capitulum plucks when having 1/3-1/2 open, and this moment, the chrysanthemum ester content was the highest, and too early or delay is plucked and then can be reduced the dried flower quality; In addition, because the water content of Dalmatian chrysanthemum fresh flower is about 75-80%, accumulation is must guard against in airing in time after the harvesting, prevent to cause fresh flower fermentation blackening because of airing is improper, influence quality and also directly influence economic well-being of workers and staff, must guard against behind rainy day or rain and pluck immediately, store the preceding examination that must strengthen quality of warehouse-in, what the dried flower water content exceeded standard (＞9%) or gone mouldy can not put in storage, the tool water isolating is answered in packaging bag, getting damp after preventing to put in storage, temperature and ventilation condition in the control storage vault.Therefore, the present invention adopts the nature weather-drying, and the improper quality of fitting into of temperature control descends when having avoided artificial seasoning, has reduced the investment of drying equipment simultaneously, helps reducing production costs.
Therefore, from above-mentioned principle excellent beneficial effect of the present invention as can be seen:
1, quick and high yield: for seedling 8-9 after field planting can pluck fresh flower in individual month, output is apparently higher than perennial plant, and the output of production technology of the present invention reaches per mu yield dried flower over 80 kg, reaches as high as 150 kilograms.In 12 yuan of the procurement prices of per kilogram (one-level) dried flower, the per mu yield value can reach more than 1000 yuan, and Dalmatian chrysanthemum vegetative period and wheat, rape are suitable, but its economic benefit is higher than rape and wheat; And mainly adopt asexual reproduction method on East Africa and other places, and must results be arranged just more than 20 months, on 4 acres of soils, planted 6,000,000 young plants as 1972 in the Dalmatian chrysanthemum administration committee of Kenya, 3200 pounds of results dried flowers are amounted to 60.6 kilograms/mu.
Plant Dalmatian chrysanthemum in addition and also can obtain the secondary economic benefit: after the Dalmatian chrysanthemum fresh idea is plucked, other parts of plant (stem, leaf, bennet) all can be cut off and dry, can be used as the raw material of making mosquito-repellent incense after the pulverizing, simultaneously by the residue after the chemical process, can make the mosquito-repellent incense raw material with powder such as Dalmatian chrysanthemum stem, leaves for utilizing for the second time after drying, can reduce Dalmatian chrysanthemum powder from external import, can be used as and produce the mosquito-repellent incense raw material, cost is low, the output value is high, be fit to the processing of middle-size and small-size township enterprise.
2, concentrating relatively of picking time saved the labour: it is intensive work that fresh flower is plucked, it should be noted that the degree of opening of the medium and small flower of fresh idea of plucking during harvesting, too early or the slow harvesting of mistake all can influence the quality of dried flower, so each Dalmatian chrysanthemum production state of the world all plucks based on manual.Culture technique of the present invention impels the growth of Dalmatian chrysanthemum bolting bud to concentrate on a season, concentrate and can finish in next month flowering stage, help saving labour and man-hour, the 0.07 hectare of plucking moderate-yield needs about 10 labour, divide and adopted for 3-4 time, and the processing after helping plucking, and help improving the dried flower quality.The difference multinational with East Africa is that mainly local weather conditions have than big difference, Dalmatian chrysanthemum is local main plant husbandry in East Africa, have the above time of half a year to gather in 1 year, local peasant just can not be engaged in the management of other crops again, forms the unicity economic structure.
3, cost is lower: whole picking time is with in 1 month, be controlled at arrive rainy season preceding and after fine weather gather, therefore made full use of the drying after sunlight is gathered, process needn't rely on drying equipment, thereby reduced production cost, saved investment.And be that picking time is long in states such as East Africa, still need gather season at precipitation, therefore must utilize drying equipment, this has not only increased production cost, simultaneously the dried flower quality is not as the dried flower of natural seasoning, as in April, 1971＜＜Ministry of Agriculture the technology of the 19th page of description of Molo.
4, field planting strain number of the present invention has determined the mode of interplanting less, improve land utilization rate, increased peasant's economic benefit, taking the ground time in actual 1 year entirely only is the 1-4 month, after defloration and the seedling field planting initial stage to 1 all can make full use of seedling field planting early growth by the end of February slowly and big space arranged between plant, interplanting 1-2 stubble short-term vegetables such as green vegetables, radish, the blue or green green soy bean of broccoli etc., the vegetables of planting site interplanting must be gathered in the crops before Dalmatian chrysanthemum bolting, pregnant flower bud and be finished.Seedling of the present invention is sturdy, and the field planting strain is few, can interplanting, and Japan 1948＜＜technical crop learns〉technology of chapter 2 report is every mu of field planting 6000-10000 strain, and is close between strain and the strain, the seedling growth is weak, thin.
5, the technology of the present invention is reliable and stable, repeatability is strong, through the repeated test in 5 years, and more than 20 ten thousand strains of successively growing seedlings, different ecological environment area field planting at home all obtains better effects (seeing embodiment).
Further specify particular content of the present invention with embodiments of the invention below, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment one:
1, select the field planting district: the soil condition according to the locality is worked out concrete cultivation step, notes local subenvironment landform, physical features, must guard against being colonizated in low-lying chaor (as the pool, the bottom of a pan), also should not be colonizated in a plot, slope of windward side.Must in time turn over (digging) in the soil simultaneously, and land preparation mode is decided according to actual conditions, and lack of water is irrigated the area and should be flattened moisture in the soil in the winter time, and easy water-logged ground should be put in order high moisture in the soil or be made into the ridge ditch summer.To be ready to relevant material such as required chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, packaging material and storage life and instrument etc. in addition.
2, the seedling that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant, promptly suitable field planting in after planting 90-100 days.The suburbs, the upper level Kunming upper level that temperature is lower in the winter time is 10 mu of field planting in July, and the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in the 2400-2500 strain; In time topdressing in the comprehensive field management, adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, is for the 1-2 time fertilizer late August to mid-September in strong sprout, early November; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of late January to 2 month.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, irrigates to make for 4 times plant keep the ground moistening attitude to get final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3-1/2 open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.810 kilograms of last gross yields, average yield per mu is 81 kilograms.(being dried to water content) less than 9%.
Embodiment two:
The 1st step was selected the field planting district among the employing embodiment one, and performed other conditions preparations.
The seedling that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant after planting 90-100 days in the area, Kunming the higher regional field planting of six township's winter temperatures select to sow May 50 mu of field planting in August, the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in 2500 strains; In time topdressing in the comprehensive field management, adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, is for the 1-2 time fertilizer late August to mid-September in strong sprout, November to early December; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of late January to 2 month.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, irrigates to make for 4 times plant keep the ground moistening attitude to get final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3-1/2 open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.5096 kilograms of last gross yields, nearly 110 kilograms of average yield per mu.(being dried to water content) less than 9%.
Embodiment three:
The 1st step was selected the field planting district among the employing embodiment one, and performed other conditions preparations.
The seedling that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant after planting 90-100 days is in summer high temperature winter low temperature area, Jing Zhou, Hubei Province, select sowing in September, 10 mu of field planting in after planting 90-100 days area field planting, the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in 2500 strains; In time topdressing in the comprehensive field management to adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, is for the 1-2 time fertilizer early November next year in strong sprout, early March; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of 5 months.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, irrigates to make for 3 times plant keep moistening attitude to get final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3 to open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.Last per mu yield is 80 kilograms.(being dried to water content) less than 9%.
Embodiment four:
The 1st step was selected the field planting district among the employing embodiment one, and performed other conditions preparations.
The seedling E Shanxian of the upper level Yunnan Province upper level that temperature was lower in the winter time in after planting 90-100 days that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant is 10 mu of field planting in July, the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in the 2400-2500 strain; In time topdressing in the comprehensive field management to adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, is for the 1-2 time fertilizer late August to mid-September in strong sprout, early November; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of late January to 2 month.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, irrigates to make for 4 times plant keep the ground moistening attitude to get final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3-1/2 open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.Last average yield per mu is 85 kilograms.
Embodiment five: (being dried to water content less than 9%).
The 1st step was selected the field planting district among the employing embodiment one, and performed other conditions preparations.
The seedling that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant after planting 90-100 days in the Dengjiang County, Yunnan Province, winter temperature higher regional field planting in Yiliang County selects to sow May 8 mu of field planting in August, the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in 2500 strains; In time topdressing in the comprehensive field management to adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, is for the 1-2 time that fertilizer late August to mid-September in strong sprout, November are to early December; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of late January to 2 month.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, irrigates to make for 4 times plant keep the ground moistening attitude to get final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3-1/2 open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.Nearly 90 kilograms of last average yield per mu.(being dried to water content) less than 9%.
Embodiment six:
The 1st step was selected the field planting district among the employing embodiment one, and performed other conditions preparations.
The seedling that Dalmatian chrysanthemum seed is cultivated with another patented invention method of the applicant after planting 90-100 days is in summer high temperature winter low temperature area, Haimen, Jiangsu Province county, select sowing by the end of April, field planting was 20 mu in after planting 90-100 days, the seeding row spacing of planting seedlings is 45 * 50cm, and every mu of field planting strain number is in 2500 strains; In time topdress in the comprehensive field management to adopt after the field planting to the pregnant flower bud phase and topdress 3 times, be for the 1-2 time fertilizer late June in strong sprout extremely or late September to early October; The 3rd time for helping fertilizers for potted flowers, should be at the beginning of 4 months.Plant enters the increase in demand to moisture of bolting, pregnant flower bud phase, and the moistening attitude of soil conservation is got final product; The extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays medicine again after 2 weeks at interval and gets final product for 2 times; When adopting the Xiao Hua in the capitulum to have 1/3-1/2 open, plucks timely collecting; The dry weather-drying that adopts.Last per mu yield is 80 kilograms.(being dried to water content) less than 9%.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of Dalmatian chrysanthemum production method comprises field planting, field Routine Management, gathers and dry inflorescence, and the seeding row spacing that it is characterized in that field planting is 45-50 * 50 centimetre, and the strain number is 2400-2500 strain/mu; Arrive pregnant flower bud phase spraying fertilizer 2-3 time after the field planting; The pregnant flower bud phase of bolting pours water 3-4 time; When the Xiao Hua in the capitulum has 1/3-1/2 open, pluck inflorescence, be dried to water content weight less than 9%.
2, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that field planting in 90-100 days behind the planting seed.
3, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprayed medicine 1-4 time behind the At intervals of two to three weeks again.
4, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the dry weather-drying that adopts.
5, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that field planting in 90-100 days behind the planting seed, and planting seedlings began to spray insecticide after 2 weeks, sprays insecticide 1-4 time behind the At intervals of two to three weeks again, the dry weather-drying that adopts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96122149A CN1058837C (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1996-11-29 | High-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96122149A CN1058837C (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1996-11-29 | High-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1153592A CN1153592A (en) | 1997-07-09 |
| CN1058837C true CN1058837C (en) | 2000-11-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96122149A Expired - Fee Related CN1058837C (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1996-11-29 | High-yield cultivation technique for pyrethrum |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1058837C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946807A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-19 | 李超林 | Incense or mosquito-repellent incense for air disinfection and mosquito repellence |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1329688A1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1987-08-15 | Московская сельскохозяйственная академия им.К.А.Тимирязева | Method of growing common chrysanthemum |
| CN1113407A (en) * | 1995-04-08 | 1995-12-20 | 岳洪伟 | Field culture and process for red common stonecrop |
-
1996
- 1996-11-29 CN CN96122149A patent/CN1058837C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1329688A1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1987-08-15 | Московская сельскохозяйственная академия им.К.А.Тимирязева | Method of growing common chrysanthemum |
| CN1113407A (en) * | 1995-04-08 | 1995-12-20 | 岳洪伟 | Field culture and process for red common stonecrop |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1153592A (en) | 1997-07-09 |
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