CN105873914B - 作为害虫防治剂的取代的喹喔啉衍生物 - Google Patents
作为害虫防治剂的取代的喹喔啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105873914B CN105873914B CN201480070423.9A CN201480070423A CN105873914B CN 105873914 B CN105873914 B CN 105873914B CN 201480070423 A CN201480070423 A CN 201480070423A CN 105873914 B CN105873914 B CN 105873914B
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPLIYTCALCWKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-$l^{3}-chlorane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1Cl(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JPLIYTCALCWKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N validamycin A Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N valifenalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012873 virucide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006076 viscoelastic substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003190 viscoelastic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010938 white gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000832 white gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/46—Oxygen atoms
- C07D213/50—Ketonic radicals
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D241/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D241/40—Benzopyrazines
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的式(I)的化合物,涉及用于制备该化合物的多种方法和中间产物,以及其作为杀螨剂和/或杀昆虫剂用于对抗动物害虫的用途。式(I)的化合物还适于作为杀线虫剂用于对抗损害植物的害虫和/或作为驱蠕虫剂用于对抗人类和动物的体内寄生虫,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Y1和Y2具有上文所给出的含义。
Description
本发明涉及新的式(I)的取代的2-(杂)芳基喹喔啉衍生物、其作为杀螨剂和/或杀昆虫剂用于防治动物害虫的用途以及用于其制备的方法和中间体。式(I)的化合物也适于作为杀线虫剂用于损害植物的害虫和/或作为驱蠕虫剂用于人类和动物的体内寄生虫。
DD 262790公开了2-芳基喹喔啉和2-杂芳基喹喔啉作为杀螨剂的用途。日本专利申请JP 2004346016公开了三氟甲基取代的喹喔啉作为农药。
DD 258165公开了2-杂芳基喹喔啉作为灭藻剂和除草剂的用途。
WO 2013/19112公开了杂环化合物及其杀昆虫作用。
由上述出版物已知的活性化合物在施用时对动物害虫仅具有不足的杀螨虫活性,尤其是在较低的施用率下。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供可用作杀昆虫剂和/或杀螨剂的相应的取代的2-(杂)芳基喹喔啉衍生物,其对动物害虫具有令人满意的杀昆虫和/或杀螨虫活性(尤其是在较低的施用率下),并在有用的植物作物中具有高的选择性和改善的相容性。本发明的另一个目的是提供可用作杀线虫剂和/或驱蠕虫剂的适当取代的2-(杂)芳基喹喔啉衍生物。
出乎意料地,我们现已发现新的式(I)的化合物
其中
Y1和Y2彼此独立地代表N或N+-O-,
R1代表芳基或杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代,其中(在杂芳基的情况下)可任选地存在至少一个羰基和/或其中在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、羧基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、羟基、氨基、SCN、SF5、三-(C1-C6)-烷基甲硅烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷基、(C1-C6)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C2-C6)-烯基、(C2-C6)-卤代烯基、(C2-C6)-氰基烯基、(C2-C6)-炔基、(C2-C6)-卤代炔基、(C2-C6)-氰基炔基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基(sulfoximino)、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基;代表苯基、吡啶基或苯氧基,其各自被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基或(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基任选取代,
R2代表氢、氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、羟基、氨基、SCN、三-(C1-C6)-烷基甲硅烷基、环-(C3-C8)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷基、(C1-C6)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C2-C6)-烯基、(C2-C6)-卤代烯基、(C2-C6)-氰基烯基、(C2-C6)-炔基、(C2-C6)-卤代炔基、(C2-C6)-氰基炔基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C7)-烷基-氨基羰基、(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基,
代表芳基或杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代,其中(在杂芳基的情况下)可任选地存在至少一个羰基和/或其中在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、羧基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、羟基、氨基、SCN、三-(C1-C6)-烷基甲硅烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷基、(C1-C6)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C2-C6)-烯基、(C2-C6)-卤代烯基、(C2-C6)-氰基烯基、(C2-C6)-炔基、(C2-C6)-卤代炔基、(C2-C6)-氰基炔基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基;代表苯基、吡啶基或苯氧基,其各自被卤素、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基或(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基任选取代,
其中R1仅可通过碳原子与喹喔啉衍生物连接,
R3、R4、R5和R6彼此独立地代表氢、氰基、羧基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、羟基、氨基、SCN、三-(C1-C6)-烷基甲硅烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷基、(C1-C6)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C4)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C2-C6)-烯基、(C2-C6)-卤代烯基、(C2-C6)-氰基烯基、(C2-C6)-炔基、(C2-C6)-卤代炔基、(C2-C6)-氰基炔基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C6)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基-(C1-C7)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷氧基-(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C7)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C7)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C7)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C7)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C6)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、(C3-C8)-环烷基氨基、(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基氨基、C(O)NR8R9、C(S)NR8R9,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢,
或R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和或不饱和的、被(C1-C6)-烷基或卤素任选取代的5元至6元环,所述环可任选地含有一个或两个选自O和S的杂原子(其中所述杂原子不可以直接相邻)和/或可任选地含有至少一个羰基,
R8和R9彼此独立地代表氢、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-卤代烷基、(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C1-C6)-烷硫基、(C1-C6)-烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C6)-烷基磺酰基。
根据取代基的性质,本发明的化合物可为几何异构体和/或旋光异构体或不同组成的相应的异构体混合物的形式。这些立体异构体为例如对映异构体、非对映异构体、阻转异构体或几何异构体。因此,本发明包含纯的立体异构体和这些异构体的任意混合物。
在R3与R6不同且R4与R5不同的情况下,式(I)的化合物可作为混合物存在或以它们的纯的异构体(区域异构体(regioisomer))的形式存在。混合物可任选地通过物理方法进行分离,例如通过色谱法进行分离。
为清楚起见,下文在每种情况下将仅提及一种可能的异构体。这包括所讨论的化合物可任选地作为异构体混合物存在或以其他各异构体形式存在。
此外,已发现,式(I)的化合物作为农药(优选作为杀昆虫剂和/或杀螨剂)具有非常好的功效,且通常还具有非常好的植物相容性,尤其是对于作物植物。此外,已发现式(I)的化合物作为杀线虫剂和/或驱蠕虫剂具有非常好的活性。
式(I)提供了本发明化合物的一般定义。在上下文所述通式中给出的基团的优选取代基或范围将在下面举例说明:
Y1和Y2优选彼此独立地代表N或N+-O-,
R1优选代表苯基或来自Q-1至Q-69的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代:
其中在每种情况下,可任选地存在至少一个羰基(不适用于苯基)和/或其中在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
R2优选代表氢、氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、氨基、三-(C1-C3)-烷基甲硅烷基、环-(C3-C6)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
代表苯基或来自Q-1至Q-69的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代,其中可任选地存在至少一个羰基(不适用于苯基)和/或其中在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
R3、R4、R5和R6优选彼此独立地代表氢、卤素、氰基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、C(O)NR8R9、C(S)NR8R9,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢,
或R3和R4、或R4和R5、或R5和R6优选与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和的、被卤素或(C1-C3)-烷基任选取代的5元或6元环,所述环任选地含有一个或两个氧原子(其中所述杂原子不可以直接相邻),
R8和R9优选彼此独立地代表氢、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基。
Y1和Y2特别优选彼此独立地代表N或N+-O-,
R1特别优选代表苯基或来自Q-1、Q-22、Q-36、Q-37、Q-41、Q-44、Q-45、Q-51、Q-64、Q-66、Q-67的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或双取代,
在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基,
R2特别优选代表氢、氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基或
代表苯基或来自Q-1、Q-22、Q-36、Q-37、Q-41、Q-44、Q-45、Q-51、Q-64、Q-66、Q-67的杂芳基,其各自任选地被相同或不同的取代基单取代或双取代,
在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基,
R3、R4、R5和R6特别优选彼此独立地代表氢、氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢或
R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6特别优选与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和的、被氟、氯或(C1-C3)-烷基任选取代的5元环,所述环任选地含有一个或两个氧原子(其中所述杂原子不可以直接相邻)。
Y1和Y2非常特别优选彼此独立地代表N或N+-O-,
R1非常特别优选代表苯基或来自Q-1、Q-22、Q-36、Q-37、Q-41、Q-45、Q-51、Q-64的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代,
取代基可以为:甲基、乙基、氯、氟、氰基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、SCH3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R2非常特别优选代表氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基,在每种情况下代表被氯任选取代的苯基或来自Q-41的杂芳基,
R3非常特别优选代表氢,
R4非常特别优选代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R5非常特别优选代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R6非常特别优选代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢或
R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6非常特别优选形成如下的5元环:
其被氟任选地单取代或双取代。
Y1和Y2最优选各自代表N,
R1最优选代表来自Q-1或Q-22的杂芳基,其各自被甲基任选地单取代,
代表来自Q-36的杂芳基,其被甲基、乙基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、SCH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5任选地单取代或双取代(不同地),
代表来自Q-37的杂芳基,其被乙氧基任选地单取代,
代表来自Q-41的杂芳基,其被甲基、乙基、氯、甲氧基任选地单取代,
代表来自Q-45或Q-51的杂芳基,
代表苯基,其被甲基、乙基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、SCH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5任选地单取代或双取代(不同地),
R2最优选代表氢、氯、甲基,代表来自Q-41的杂芳基或代表被氯任选地单取代的苯基,
R3最优选代表氢,
R4最优选代表氢、氯、氰基或三氟甲基,
R5最优选代表氢、氯、三氟甲基或SO2CH3,或
R4和R5最优选一起代表-O-CF2-O-,
R6最优选代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢。
Y1还最优选代表N且Y2还最优选代表N+-O-,
R1还最优选代表被三氟甲基、氟或甲基任选地单取代或双取代(不同地)的苯基或代表来自Q-64的被甲基任选地单取代的杂芳基,
R2还最优选代表氢,
R3还最优选代表氢,
R4还最优选代表氢或三氟甲基,
R5还最优选代表氢或三氟甲基或
R4和R5还最优选一起代表-O-CF2-O-,
R6还最优选代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢。
根据本发明,优选这样的式(I)化合物:其包含上文所列的作为优选的含义的组合。
根据本发明,特别优选这样的式(I)化合物:其包含上文所列的作为特别优选的含义的组合。
根据本发明,非常特别优选这样的式(I)化合物:其包含上文所列的作为非常特别优选的含义的组合。
根据本发明,最优选这样的式(I)化合物:其包含上文所列的作为最优选的含义的组合。
特别强调其中Y1和Y2各自代表N的式(I)化合物。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-A)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-B)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-C)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-D)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-E)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-F)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-G)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-H)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-I)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-J)的化合物
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I-K)的化合物
在式(I-A)至(I-K)中,基团R2、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文给出的定义且
R10优选代表氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
n代表0或1,m代表0、1或2,
R10特别优选代表氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基,
n代表0或1,m代表0、1或2,
R10非常特别优选代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、氰基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、SCH3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
n代表0或1,m代表0、1或2,
R10最优选代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、SCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基或乙氧基,
n代表0或1,m代表0、1或2。
还强调的是式(I-L)的化合物
其中R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R10和n具有如下含义:
R2优选代表氢、氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、氨基、三-(C1-C3)-烷基甲硅烷基、环-(C3-C6)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、
代表苯基或来自Q-1至Q-69的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代:
其中可任选地存在至少一个羰基(不适用于苯基)和/或其中在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
R3、R4、R5和R6优选彼此独立地代表氢、卤素、氰基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、C(O)NR8R9、C(S)NR8R9,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢
或R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6优选与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和的、被卤素或(C1-C3)-烷基任选取代的5元或6元环,所述环任选地含有一个或两个氧原子(其中所述杂原子不可以直接相邻),
R8和R9优选彼此独立地代表氢、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基或(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基,
R10优选代表氰基、卤素、硝基、乙酰基、氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷基、(C1-C3)-羟基烷基、羟基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-氰基烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C2-C3)-氰基炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-氰基烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羟基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基-(C1-C3)-烷氧基亚氨基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷硫基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基-(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基-(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基羰基氧基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基羰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基羰基、(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、二-(C2-C3)-烯基氨基羰基、(C3-C6)-环烷基氨基羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基氨基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基、氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰亚氨基、氨基硫代羰基、(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基、二-(C1-C3)-烷基氨基硫代羰基,
n代表0或1。
R2特别优选代表氢、氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基或
代表苯基或来自Q-1、Q-22、Q-36、Q-37、Q-41、Q-44、Q-45、Q-51、Q-64、Q-66、Q-67的杂芳基,其各自被相同或不同的取代基任选地单取代或多取代,
在每种情况下取代基可以为:氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基,
R3、R4、R5和R6特别优选彼此独立地代表氢、氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C2-C3)-炔基、(C2-C3)-卤代炔基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢或
R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6特别优选与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和的、被氟、氯或(C1-C3)-烷基任选取代的5元环,所述环任选地含有一个或两个氧原子(其中所述杂原子不可以直接相邻),
R10特别优选代表氰基、卤素、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基、(C2-C3)-烯基、(C2-C3)-卤代烯基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷氧基、(C1-C3)-烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基亚磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-卤代烷基磺酰基、(C1-C3)-烷硫基,
n代表0或1。
R2非常特别优选代表氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基,在每种情况下代表被氯任选取代的苯基或来自Q-41的杂芳基,
R3非常特别优选代表氢,
R4非常特别优选代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R5非常特别优选代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R6非常特别优选代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢或
R3和R4,或R4和R5,或R5和R6非常特别优选形成如下5元环:
其被氟任选地单取代或双取代,
R10非常特别优选代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、氰基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、SCH3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
n代表0或1。
R2最优选代表氢、氯、甲基,代表来自Q-41的杂芳基或代表被氯任选地单取代的苯基,
R3最优选代表氢,
R4最优选代表氢、氟、氯、氰基或三氟甲基,
R5最优选代表氢、氟、氯、三氟甲基或SO2CH3,
或
R4和R5最优选一起代表-O-CF2-O-,
R6最优选代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢,
R10最优选代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、SCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基或乙氧基(特别强调甲基、乙基、氯或甲氧基)
n代表0或1。
本发明的式(I)化合物可通过如下方案所示的方法获得:
方法A
基团R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文所述的含义且Hal代表卤素。
式(Ia)的化合物可通过与专利申请DD 0151753中所述方法类似的方法通过将式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺和式(III)的2-卤代-1-(杂)芳基乙酮反应来制备。这种方法的其他实例公开于J.Org.Chem.,1966,31(3),803-806;Pharmazie 40(1985),384-387;Bull.Soc.Chim.Fr.,(1950)753-757;Helv.Chim.Acta,1952,35,2301-2314;Tetrahedron,2008,64,8676-8684;Tetrahedron Lett.,2007,48,5371;Tetrahedron Lett.,2011,52,2862或J.of Chem.and Eng.Data,1973,18(1),102-104中。
另外,J.Chin.Chem.Soc.2009,56(4),683-687提供了一种方法,其记载了PEG-400中的α-磺酰基氧基-(杂)芳基酮作为溶剂的用途。
如果使用不对称的式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺,可获得区域异构的式(Ia)的喹喔啉的混合物。可使用常规的色谱法对它们进行分离。
式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺可商购或可通过已知方法来制备,例如类似于J.Org.Chem.,1969,384或J.Med.Chem.1981,24(1),93-101中的方法。
式(III)的2-卤代-1-(杂)芳基乙酮可商购或可通过已知方法来制备,例如类似于Helv.Chim.Acta,1955,38,1289-1291;Pharmazie 40(1985),384-387;WO 2009/114552或DD 015175中记载的方法。
式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(III)的2-卤代-1-(杂)芳基乙酮的反应可在无溶剂的情况下进行或在溶剂中进行,优选在选自常规溶剂的溶剂中进行反应,所述常规溶剂在常见的反应条件下为惰性的。
优选脂肪醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇;醚,例如二异丙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;腈,例如乙腈或丙腈。
所述反应优选在碱的存在下进行。合适的碱为通常用于这类反应的无机碱。优选使用的碱选自例如碱金属或碱土金属的乙酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐。特别优选乙酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾。
所述反应可在减压下、在大气压或在升高的压力下在0-180℃的温度下进行;优选地,所述反应在大气压力下在20-110℃的温度下进行。
方法B
基团R1、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文所述的含义。在本发明的一个实施方案中,将式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(IV)的乙二醛反应。这是喹喔啉的一般合成的特例,其中式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与β-二羰基化合物反应。例如,Synth.Commun.1995,25(15),2319-26;Tetrahedron Lett.,2005,46,6345;Tetrahedron Lett.,2005,46,7183;J.Med.Chem.,2010,53,1128或Bull.Korean Chem.Soc.2012,33(8),2581中提到大量关于这一主题的文献。
式(IV)的乙二醛可商购或可通过例如根据Bull.Soc.Chim.Fr.,(1950)753-757;J.Med.Chem.1979,22(6),687-694;J.of Chem.and Eng.Data,1973,18(1),102-104;Current Chemistry Letters 2012,1(3),139-146或US 6649768中记载的已知方法进行制备。
如果使用不对称的式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺,可获得区域异构的式(Ib)的喹喔啉的混合物。可使用常规的色谱法对它们进行分离。
例如,所述方法可通过与Current Chemistry Letters 2012,1(3),139-146;Bull.Korean Chem.Soc.2011,32(10),3720;J.of Chem.and Eng.Data,1973,18(1),102-104或J.Chem.Research(S),1986,16-17中所述方法类似的方法进行。
式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(IV)的乙二醛的反应可在无溶剂的情况下进行或在溶剂中进行;优选所述反应在选自常规溶剂的溶剂中进行,所述常规溶剂在常见反应条件下为惰性的。
优选脂肪醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇;醚,例如二异丙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;腈,例如乙腈或丙腈;极性非质子溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮,以及这些溶剂的混合物。
所述反应可在减压下、在大气压或在升高的压力下在0-180℃的温度下进行;优选所述反应在大气压力下在20-110℃的温度下进行。
方法C:
基团Hal、R1、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文所述的含义,
R7代表氢或(C1-C6)-烷基(优选氢或(C1-C4)-烷基;特别优选氢或甲基),
M′代表氢或(C1-C6)-烷基(优选氢或(C1-C4)-烷基;特别优选氢、甲基或三氟甲基),
M″代表氢、(C1-C6)-烷基或(C3-C8)-环烷基(优选氢、(C1-C4)-烷基或(C3-C6)-环烷基;特别优选氢或甲基),
M代表M`或M``,
G代表氢、(C1-C6)-烷基、(C2-C6)-烯基或芳基(优选氢、(C1-C4)-烷基、(C2-C4)-烯基或苯基;特别优选氢)
或B(OG)2一起形成5元或6元环(优选5元环,特别优选)。
步骤(a)
在本发明的一个实施方案中,将式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(V)的烷基羟基(烷氧基)乙酸酯反应得到式(VIa)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮。
例如Chem.Ber.87,1062(1954)或Chem.Ber.90,2604(1957)中提到了这种一般合成方法。Synth.Commun.2012,42,236-245中记载了使用羟基酮代替乙醛酸酯半缩醛(V)。
式(V)的化合物是市售可得的。
或者,将式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(IX)的羰基化合物反应得到式(VIa)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮。
这种一般合成方法记载于例如US 2005/0256000;WO 2011/022439;TetrahedronLett.,2008,49;J.Med.Chem.1981,24(1),93-101;J.Heterocycl.Chem.24,1771,(1987);J.Heterocyclic Chem.29,129,(1992)或Helv.Chim.Acta2010,93,1216-1220中。
式(IX)的羰基化合物是市售可得的。
如果使用不对称的式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺,可获得区域异构的式(VIa)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的混合物。可使用常规的色谱法对它们进行分离。
式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(V)的烷基羟基(烷氧基)乙酸酯或与式(IX)的羰基化合物的反应可在无溶剂的情况下进行或在溶剂中进行;优选所述反应在选自常规溶剂的溶剂中进行,所述常规溶剂在常见反应条件下为惰性的。
优选脂肪醇,例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;醚,例如二异丙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;腈,例如乙腈或丙腈;或酰胺类,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;或这些与水的混合物;和纯水或1,2-二氯乙烷。
所述反应可在减压下、在大气压或在升高的压力下在-20-180℃的温度下进行;优选所述反应在大气压力下在30-130℃的温度下进行。
步骤(b)
根据本发明,将在步骤(a)中获得的式(VIa)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮与卤代试剂反应得到式(VII)的喹喔啉。
合适的卤代试剂为例如PCl3、POCl3、PCl5、POBr3、PBr5、氯化亚砜或N-卤代琥珀酰亚胺或这些试剂的混合物。优选地,所使用的卤代试剂为POCl3。各种合成方法记载于WO 95/42463;WO 2008/141065;WO 2008/148867;WO 2011/022439;Rec.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas,1972,91,850-860;J.Med.Chem.,1981,24(1),93-101;J.Heterocyclic Chem.33,447(1996)和Tetrahedron Lett.,1999,40,7477中。
或者,根据步骤(b)的卤代反应在P2O5的存在下借助于四烷基碘化铵、四烷基溴化铵和四烷基氯化铵来进行。这种方法记载于Tetrahedron Lett.,2001,42,4849-4851中。
某些式(VIa)的化合物是新的,某些是市售可得的。
式(VIa)的化合物与卤代试剂的反应可在无溶剂的情况下进行或在溶剂中进行;优选所述反应在选自常规溶剂的溶剂中进行,所述常规溶剂在常见反应条件下为惰性的。
优选芳香烃,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯或十氢化萘;卤代烃,例如氯苯、二氯苯、二氯甲烷或氯仿。
所述反应优选在碱的存在下进行。合适的碱为常用于这种反应的有机和无机碱。优选使用的碱选自例如碱金属或碱土金属的乙酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐。特别优选乙酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾。此外,优选叔胺,例如三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、三乙胺盐酸盐、N-乙基二异丙胺和吡啶。
所述反应可在减压下、在大气压或在升高的压力下在0-180℃的温度下进行;优选所述反应在大气压下在30-130℃的温度下进行。
步骤(c)
将在步骤(b)中获得的式(VII)的喹喔啉与式(VIIIa)的硼化合物反应。所述反应在室温下或升高的温度下,优选在催化剂的存在下,任选地在碱的存在下,在有机溶剂中或在溶剂与水的混合物中进行而得到本发明的式(Ic)的喹喔啉。
卤代喹喔啉与硼衍生物或有机锡化合物的偶联(Stille偶联)的许多实例记载于文献中。WO 2008/148867公开了在钯催化剂的存在下与(吗啉)芳基硼酸或相应的芳基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷的类似偶联。其他实例可在WO 2008/141065;WO 2009/073497;WO2011/028947;WO 2012/045196;WO 2012/119046;J.Org.Chem.1995,60,7508-7510;J.Med.Chem.2005,48(21),6632-6642或J.Am.Chem.Soc.2007,129(11),3358-3366中找到。
Organic Lett.2011,16,4374-4377记载了作为硼酸与Pd催化作用的偶联配偶体(coupling partners)的喹喔啉甲苯磺酸酯。
Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2012,51,2667-2672中记载了使用稳定的MIDA-硼酸酯用于与卤代喹喔啉的偶联。
某些式(VII)的化合物是新的,某些是市售可得的。
式(VIIIa)的硼衍生物是市售可得的或它们可通过例如J.Org.Chem.,1995,60,7508-7510;WO 2011/143495;WO2011/022439或WO 2004/01913中提到的已知方法进行制备。
卤代喹喔啉的反应中使用的催化剂优选由钯、酮或镍的盐或复合物组成。
合适的钯催化剂为例如在配体存在下的乙酸钯(II)、四(三苯基膦)钯、双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0),所述配体为例如2,2’-双(二苯基膦)-1,1’-联萘、9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦)氧杂蒽或1,1’-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁。
合适的铜盐为例如通常在配体存在下的碘化亚铜(I)、氯化亚铜(I)、氧化亚铜(I)、三氟甲磺酸亚铜(I)、乙酸铜(II)、三氟甲磺酸铜(II),例如二胺配体为N,N‘-二甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基乙二胺或反式-N,N'-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺。
合适的镍催化剂为例如单独的乙酰丙酮酸镍(II)或与上述磷配体的结合物或乙酰丙酮酸镍(II)与咪唑卡宾配体。
所述催化剂通常以低于化学计量的量使用,优选0.001-0.8当量且特别优选0.01至0.5当量,基于所用式(VII)的喹喔啉计。
式(VII)的喹喔啉与硼酸的反应优选在选自常规溶剂的溶剂中进行,所述常规溶剂在常见反应条件下是惰性的。优选的醚为,例如二噁烷、四氢呋喃、二乙醚或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;芳香烃,例如苯、甲苯或二甲苯;脂肪醇,例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;腈,例如乙腈或丙腈;极性非质子溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和这些溶剂与水的混合物。
所述反应优选在碱的存在下进行。合适的碱为无机碱,特别为碱金属或碱土金属的乙酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐。特别优选乙酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾。无机碱也可以水溶液的形式使用。
所述反应可在减压下、在大气压或在升高的压力下在0-200℃的温度下进行,优选在大气压下在40-150℃的温度下,任选地在惰性气氛下实施所述反应。
除了硼酸,也可使用其他硼化合物,例如三氟硼酸钾、硼酸酯或其他有机金属化合物,例如锡烷、硅烷或铋烷。
合适的有机锡化合物为相应的三甲基锡烷基或三丁基锡烷基化合物,例如记载于WO 20111/22815或WO 2011/022439中的那些。
方法D
基团R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、Hal、G和B(OG)2具有上文所述的含义。
步骤a)
在本发明的一个实施方案中,将式(II)的苯-1,2-二胺与式(X)的羰基化合物反应得到式(VIb)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮。
所述反应以类似于方法C的步骤a)中所用的方法实施,或按照J.HeterocyclicChem.29,129,(1976);J.Heterocyclic Chem.33,447,(1996);Helv.Chim.Acta,93,1216-1220(2010);J.Chem.Research(S),1986,16-17或US 2005/0256000中记载的方法实施。
如果使用不对称的苯-1,2-二胺(II),可获得区域异构的式(VIb)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的混合物。可使用常规的色谱法对它们进行分离。
式(X)的羰基化合物是市售可得的或可通过例如类似于Synth.Commun.2008,38(24),4434-444;J.Org.Chem.1981,211;Tetrahedron Lett.,2002,43,5361-5365;DE2824407;JP 52027745或EP-A-512352所述的已知方法制备。
步骤b)
根据本发明,类似于方法C的步骤b),将在步骤(a)中获得式(VIb)的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮与卤代试剂反应得到式(Id)的喹喔啉。
某些式(VIb)的化合物是新的,某些是市售可得的。
步骤c)
或者,在本发明的另一实施方案中,式(Id)的喹喔啉由式(XI)的喹喔啉和式(VIIIa)的硼化合物获得,所述反应以类似于方法A的步骤c)所记载的方式实施。
以类似于US 5514680;J.Med.Chem.1981,24(1),93-101或J.Heterocycl.Chem.2009,46,317-319中的方法,通过将1,4-二氢喹喔啉-2,3-二酮与合适的卤代试剂(例如POCl3或氯化亚砜)进行反应来制备式(XI)的1,2-双卤代喹喔啉。
某些式(XI)的化合物是新的,某些是市售可得的。
步骤d)
在一个实施方案中,以类似于方法A的步骤c)所记载的,通过将在步骤(b)或步骤(c)中获得的本发明的式(Id)的喹喔啉与式(VIIIb)的硼化合物反应而转化成式(Ia)的喹喔啉。
式(VIIIb)的硼衍生物为市售可得的或可通过例如J.Org.Chem.,1995,60,7508-7510;WO 2011/143495或WO 2004/01913中提到的已知方法制备。
方法E
基团Y1、Y2、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文所述的含义。
可将方法A至D中获得的式(Ia)的喹喔啉通过与氧化剂反应而转化成相应的通式(I)的N-氧化物。所述反应以类似于J.Chem.Soc.479(1938);J.of Chem.and Eng.Data,1973,18(1),102-104;Synlett2001,(1),73-73;WO 2008/015423;J.Org.Chem.1977,1869-1871;Chem.Pharm.Bull.1974,22,2097-2100或J.Chem.Research(S),1986,16-17中所述的方法实施。
所用氧化剂为任选地在分子筛或催化剂(例如Na2WO4二水合物)的存在下,并任选地在有机酸(例如甲酸或乙酸)存在下的间氯过氧苯甲酸、铼盐,如在H2O2和作为溶剂的甲醇存在下的MeReO3,在硫酸或30-70%浓度的过氧化氢水溶液中的K2S2O8。
合适的溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲醇、甲酸、乙酸或三氟乙酸。
所用氧化剂优选为在乙酸中的35%浓度的过氧化氢水溶液。
所述反应可在大气压或在升高的压力下在0℃-60℃的温度下进行;优选地,所述反应在大气压下在40-50℃的温度下进行。
式(Ia)、(Ib)、(Ic)和(Id)的化合物为式(I)化合物的子结构:
考虑到含义Y1=Y2=N时,获得如下结构:
考虑到含义Y1=Y2=N且R2=氢时,获得如下结构:
考虑到含义Y1=Y2=N且R2=M,获得如下结构:
考虑到含义Y1=Y2=N且R2=Hal时,获得如下结构:
其中M、Hal、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6具有上文所述的含义。
方法和用途
本发明还涉及防治动物害虫的方法,其中可使式(I)的化合物作用于动物害虫和/或其生境。动物害虫的防治优选在农业和林业以及材料保护中进行。优选排除用于人体或动物体的外科手术或治疗方法以及在人体或动物体上进行的诊断方法。
本发明还涉及式(I)的化合物作为农药,特别是作物保护剂的用途。
在本申请的上下文中,术语“农药”还总是包括术语“作物保护剂”。
鉴于良好的植物耐受性、有利的恒温动物毒性和良好的环境相容性,式(I)的化合物适合于保护植物和植物器官抵抗生物或非生物胁迫因素、用于增加采收产量、用于提高采收材料的质量,并用于防治动物害虫,特别是在农业、园艺业、畜牧业、水产业、林业、花园以及休闲设施中、储藏产品保护及材料保护中、以及卫生领域中出现的昆虫、蛛形纲动物、蠕虫、线虫和软体动物。它们可优选地用作农药。它们对常见的敏感和抗性物种以及对所有或某些发育阶段具有活性。上述害虫包括:
来自节肢动物门(Arthropoda)的害虫,尤其是蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,粉螨属种(Acarus spp.),例如粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro)、枸杞瘤瘿螨(Aceria kuko)、桔芽瘿螨(Aceria sheldoni)、刺皮节蜱属种(Aculops spp.)、刺锈螨属种(Aculus spp.),例如佛氏刺瘿螨(Aculus fockeui)、苹果斯氏刺瘿螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、钝眼蜱属种(Amblyomma spp.)、山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychus viennensis)、锐缘蜱属种(Argasspp.)、牛蜱属种(Boophilus spp.)、短须螨属种(Brevipalpus spp.),例如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis)、苹果蚜(Bryobia graminum)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa)、刺蝎属种(Centruroides spp.)、皮螨属种(Chorioptes spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、屋尘螨(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)、粉尘螨(Dermatophagoidesfarinae)、革蜱属种(Dermacentor spp.)、始叶螨属种(Eotetranychus spp.),例如核桃始叶螨(Eotetranychus hicoriae)、梨上瘿螨(Epitrimerus pyri)、真叶螨属种(Eutetranychus spp.),例如柑橘褐蜘蛛(Eutetranychus banksi)、瘿螨属种(Eriophyesspp.),例如梨上瘿螨(Epitrimerus pyri)、家食甜螨(Glycyphagus domesticus)、赤足夜螨(Halotydeus destructor)、半跗线螨属种(Hemitarsonemus spp.),例如茶半跗线螨(Hemitarsonemus latus)(=Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、璃眼蜱属种(Hyalommaspp.)、硬蜱属种(Ixodes spp.)、红斑蛛属种(Latrodectus spp.)、斜蛛属种(Loxoscelesspp.)、秋收恙螨(Neutrombicula autumnalis)、Nuphersa属种、小爪螨属种(Oligonychusspp.),例如Oligonychus coniferarum、冬青小爪螨(Oligonychus ilicis)、Oligonychusindicus、芒果小爪螨(Oligonychus mangiferus)、草地小爪螨(Oligonychus pratensis)、石榴小爪螨(Oligonychus punicae)、樟小爪螨(Oligonychus yothersi)、钝缘蜱属种(Ornithodorus spp.)、禽剌螨属种(Ornithonyssus spp.)、全爪螨属种(Panonychusspp.),例如桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)(=Metatetranychus citri)、苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)(=Metatetranychus ulmi)、柑橘锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、Platytetranychus multidigituli、侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、痒螨属种(Psoroptes spp.)、扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalus spp.)、根螨属种(Rhizoglyphusspp.)、疥螨属种(Sarcoptes spp.)、暗蝎(Scorpio maurus)、狭跗线螨属种(Steneotarsonemus spp.)、斯氏狭跗线螨(Steneotarsonemus spinki)、跗线螨属种(Tarsonemus spp.),例如乱跗线螨(Tarsonemus confusus)、白跗线螨(Tarsonemuspallidus)、叶螨属种(Tetranychus spp.),例如四点红蜘蛛(Tetranychus canadensis)、朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychus turkestani)、二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)、阿氏真恙螨(Trombicula alfreddugesi)、Vaejovis属种、背瘤瘿螨(Vasates lycopersici);
唇足纲(Chilopoda),例如,地蜈蚣属种(Geophilus spp.)、蚰蜒属种(Scutigeraspp.);
弹尾目或弹尾纲(Collembola),例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)、绿圆跳虫(Sminthurus viridis);
倍足纲(Diplopoda),例如,具斑马陆(Blaniulus guttulatus);
昆虫纲(Insecta),例如蜚蠊目(Blattodea),例如,东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis)、亚洲蜚蠊(Blattella asahinai)、德国蜚蠊(Blattella germanica)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、古巴蠊属种(Panchlora spp.)、木蠊属种(Parcoblattaspp.)、大蠊属种(Periplaneta spp.),例如美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、澳洲大蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)、棕带蜚蠊(Supella longipalpa);
鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如,条纹叶甲(Acalymma vittatum)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、喙丽金龟属种(Adoretus spp.)、桤木叶甲(Agelasticaalni)、叩甲属种(Agriotes spp.),例如Agriotes linneatus、小麦金针虫(Agriotesmancus)、小粉虫(Alphitobius diaperinus)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallonsolstitialis)、家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、星天牛属种(Anoplophora spp.)、花象属种(Anthonomus spp.),例如棉铃象甲(Anthonomus grandis)、圆皮蠹属种(Anthrenusspp.)、长喙小象属种(Apion spp.)、甘蔗金龟属种(Apogonia spp.)、隐食甲属种(Atomaria spp.),例如甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、毛皮蠹属种(Attagenus spp.)、Baris caerulescens、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、豆象属种(Bruchus spp.),例如豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、蚕豆象(Bruchus rufimanus)、龟甲属种(Cassida spp.)、菜豆萤叶甲(Cerotoma trifurcata)、象甲属种(Ceutorrhynchus spp.),例如白菜籽龟象(Ceutorrhynchus assimilis)、Ceutorrhynchus quadridens、Ceutorrhynchus rapae、凹胫跳甲属种(Chaetocnema spp.),例如甘薯叶甲(Chaetocnema confinis)、Chaetocnemadenticulata、Chaetocnema ectypa、Cleonus mendicus、宽胸叩头虫属种(Conoderusspp.)、根颈象属种(Cosmopolites spp.),例如香蕉根茎象(Cosmopolites sordidus)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、叩甲属种(Ctenicera spp.)、象虫属种(Curculio spp.),例如核桃象甲(Curculio caryae)、Curculio caryatrypes、Curculioobtusus、Curculio sayi、锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)、长角扁谷盗(Cryptolestes pusillus)、杨干隐喙象(Cryptorhynchus lapathi)、Cryptorhynchusmangiferae、细枝象属种(Cylindrocopturus spp.)、密点细枝象(Cylindrocopturusadspersus)、Cylindrocopturus furnissi、皮蠹属种(Dermestes spp.)、叶甲属种(Diabrotica spp.),例如黄瓜条叶甲(Diabrotica balteata)、北方玉米根虫(Diabroticabarberi)、南部玉米线虫(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)、十一星黄瓜甲虫(Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata)、西部玉米根虫(Diabroticavirgifera virgifera)、玉米根虫(Diabrotica virgifera zeae)、蛀野螟属种(Dichocrocis spp.)、水稻铁甲(Dicladispa armigera)、Diloboderus属种、食植瓢虫属种(Epilachna spp.),例如南瓜瓢虫(Epilachna borealis)、墨西哥豆象(Epilachnavarivestis)、毛跳甲属种(Epitrix spp.),例如黄瓜跳甲(Epitrix cucumeris)、Epitrixfuscula、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、美国马铃薯跳甲(Epitrix subcrinita)、块茎跳甲(Epitrix tuberis)、Faustinus属种、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、阔角谷盗(Gnathocerus cornutus)、菜心螟(Hellula undalis)、黑异爪蔗金龟(Heteronychusarator)、寡节鳃金龟属种(Heteronyx spp.)、Hylamorpha elegans、北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、蓝绿象(Hypomeces squamosus)、咪小蠹属种(Hypothenemus spp.),例如咖啡果小蠹(Hypothenemus hampei)、苹枝小囊(Hypothenemus obscurus)、Hypothenemus pubescens、甘蔗大褐齿爪鳃金龟(Lachnosterna consanguinea)、烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)、长头谷盗(Latheticusoryzae)、Lathridius属种、合爪负泥虫属种(Lema spp.)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、纹潜蛾属种(Leucoptera spp.),例如咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucopteracoffeella)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、筒喙象属种(Lixus spp.)、黄胸叶甲(Luperomorpha xanthodera)、Luperodes属种、粉蠹属种(Lyctus spp.)、美洲叶甲属种(Megascelis spp.)、梳爪叩甲属种(Melanotus spp.),例如Melanotus longulusoregonensis、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、鳃角金龟属种(Melolontha spp.),例如大栗鳃角金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、Migdolus属种、墨天牛属种(Monochamusspp.)、象甲(Naupactus xanthographus)、隐跗郭公虫属种(Necrobia spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptus hololeucus)、椰蛀犀金龟(Oryctes rhinoceros)、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilussurinamensis)、Oryzaphagus oryzae、Otiorhynchus属种,例如Otiorhynchuscribricollis、Otiorhynchus ligustici、草莓耳喙象(Otiorhynchus ovatus)、草莓根耳喙象(Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorhynchus sulcatus)、小青花金龟(Oxycetonia jucunda)、辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)、食叶鳃金龟属种(Phyllophaga spp.)、Phyllophaga helleri、菜跳甲属种(Phyllotreta spp.),例如辣根菜跳甲(Phyllotreta armoraciae)、柔弱黑跳甲(Phyllotreta pusilla)、Phyllotretaramosa、黄曲条跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、象甲属种(Premnotrypes spp.)、大谷蠹(Prostephanus truncatus)、蚤跳甲属种(Psylliodesspp.),例如Psylliodes affinis、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodes chrysocephala)、Psylliodes punctulata、蛛甲属种(Ptinus spp.)、暗色瓢虫(Rhizobius ventralis)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、谷象属种(Sitophilus spp.),例如麦子象鼻虫(Sitophilusgranarius)、Sitophilus linearis、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、玉米象(Sitophiluszeamais)、尖隐喙象属种(Sphenophorus spp.)、药材甲(Stegobium paniceum)、茎干象属种(Sternechus spp.),例如豆茎象(Sternechus paludatus)、Symphyletes属种、纤毛象属种(Tanymecus spp.)如Tanymecus dilaticollis、Tanymecus indicus、Tanymecuspalliatus、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、大谷盗(Tenebrioides mauretanicus)、拟谷盗属种(Tribolium spp.),例如Tribolium audax、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)、杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confusum)、斑皮蠹属种(Trogoderma spp.)、籽象属种(Tychius spp.)、脊虎天牛属种(Xylotrechus spp.)、距步甲属种(Zabrus spp.),例如Zabrus tenebrioides;
双翅目(Diptera),例如,伊蚊属种(Aedes spp.),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedesaegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、叮刺伊蚊(Aedes sticticus)、刺扰伊蚊(Aedesvexans),潜蝇属种(Agromyza spp.),例如苜蓿斑潜蝇(Agromyza frontella)、Agromyzaparvicornis、按实蝇属种(Anastrepha spp.)、疟蚊属种(Anopheles spp.)、例如四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、瘿蚊属种(Asphondylia spp.)、果实蝇属种(Bactrocera spp.),例如瓜实蝇(Bactroceracucurbitae)、东方果实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)、油橄榄果实蝇(Bactrocera oleae)、毛蚋(Bibio hortulanus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora erythrocephala)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoravicina)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、摇蚊属种(Chironomus spp.)、金蝇属种(Chrysomya spp.)、斑虻属种(Chrysops spp.)、高额麻虻(Chrysozona pluvialis)、锥蝇属种(Cochliomya spp.)、康瘿蚊属种(Contarinia spp.),例如Contarinia johnsoni、甘蓝瘿蚊(Contarinia nasturtii)、梨叶瘿蚊(Contarinia pyrivora)、向日葵瘿蚊(Contarinia schulzi)、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、小麦黄吸浆虫(Contariniatritici)、皮蛆蝇(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、Cricotopus sylvestris、库蚊属种(Culex spp.),例如尖因库蚊(Culex pipiens)、五带淡色库蚊(Culexquinquefasciatus)、库蠓属种(Culicoides spp.)、脉毛蚊属种(Culiseta spp.)、黄蝇属种(Cuterebra spp.)、橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、瘿蚊属种(Dasyneura spp.),例如油菜荚叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、地种蝇属种(Delia spp.),例如葱地种蝇(Deliaantiqua)、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、毛跗地种蝇(Delia florilega)、灰地种蝇(Deliaplatura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum)、人皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、果蝇属种(Drosophila spp.),例如黄猩猩果蝇(Drosphila melanogaster)、樱桃果蝇(Drosophilasuzukii)、稻象属种(Echinocnemus spp.)、厕蝇属种(Fannia spp.)、胃蝇属种(Gasterophilus spp.)、舌蝇属种(Glossina spp.)、麻虻属种(Haematopota spp.)、毛眼水蝇属种(Hydrellia spp.)、水稻潜叶蝇(Hydrellia griseola)、种蝇属种(Hylemyaspp.)、虱蝇属种(Hippobosca spp.)、皮蝇属种(Hypoderma spp.)、斑潜蝇属种(Liriomyzaspp.),例如菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza brassicae)、南美斑潜蝇(Liriomyza huidobrensis)、美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、绿蝇属种(Lucilia spp.),例如铜绿蝇(Luciliacuprina)、罗蛉属种(Lutzomyia spp.)、曼蚊属种(Mansonia spp.)、家蝇属种(Muscaspp.),例如家蝇(Musca domestica)、舍蝇(Musca domestica vicina)、狂蝇属种(Oestrusspp.)、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、Paratanytarsus属种、Paralauterborniellasubcincta、泉蝇属种(Pegomya spp.),例如甜菜蝇(Pegomya betae)、甜菜潜叶蝇(Pegomyahyoscyami)、悬钩子泉蝇(Pegomya rubivora)、白蛉属种(Phlebotomus spp.)、草种蝇属种(Phorbia spp.)、伏蝇属种(Phormia spp.)、酪蝇(Piophila casei)、Prodiplosis属种、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、绕实蝇属种(Rhagoletis spp.),例如樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletiscingulata)、核桃绕实蝇(Rhagoletis completa)、黑樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis fausta)、西部樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis indifferens)、蓝橘绕实蝇(Rhagoletis mendax)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、麻蝇属种(Sarcophaga spp.)、蚋属种(Simulium spp.),例如南方蚋(Simulium meridionale)、螫蝇属种(Stomoxys spp.)、虻属种(Tabanus spp.)、根斑蝇属种(Tetanops spp.)、大蚊属种(Tipula spp.),例如欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、牧场大蚊(Tipula simplex);
半翅目(Hemiptera),例如,Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae、Acizzia dodonaeae、Acizzia uncatoides、长头蝗(Acrida turrita)、无网长管蚜属种(Acyrthosipon spp.),例如碗豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、Acrogonia属种、沫蝉属种(Aeneolamia spp.)、隆脉木虱属种(Agonoscena spp.)、甘蓝粉虱(Aleyrodes proletella)、甘蔗穴粉虱(Aleurolobus barodensis)、丝绒粉虱(Aleurothrixus floccosus)、Allocaridaramalayensis、杧果叶蝉属种(Amrasca spp.),例如Amrasca bigutulla、叶蝉(Amrascadevastans)、飞廉短尾蚜(Anuraphis cardui)、肾圆盾蚧属种(Aonidiella spp.),例如橘红肾圆盾介壳虫(Aonidiella aurantii)、黄圆蹄盾蚧(Aonidiella citrina)、赤圆介壳虫(Aonidiella inornata)、苏联黄粉蚜(Aphanostigma piri)、蚜属种(Aphis spp.),例如苹果黄蚜(Aphis citricola)、豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、Aphisforbesi、大豆蚜(Aphis glycines)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、Aphis hederae、Aphisillinoisensis、Aphis middletoni、鼠李马铃薯蚜(Aphis nasturtii)、夹竹桃蚜(Aphisnerii)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphis viburniphila、葡萄叶蝉(Arboridia apicalis)、Arytainilla属种、小圆盾蚧属种(Aspidiella spp.)、圆盾蚧属种(Aspidiotus spp.),例如常春藤圆蚧(Aspidiotus nerii)、Atanus属种、茄沟无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、烟草粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、Blastopsylla occidentalis、Boreioglycaspis melaleucae、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysii)、微管蚜属种(Brachycolus spp.)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Cacopsylla属种,例如梨木虱(Cacopsylla pyricola)、小褐稻虱(Calligypona marginata)、黄头大叶蝉(Carneocephala fulgida)、甘蔗粉角蚜(Ceratovacuna lanigera)、沫蝉科(Cercopidae)、蜡蚧属种(Ceroplastes spp.)、草莓钉蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、蔗黄雪盾蚧(Chionaspis tegalensis)、茶绿叶蝉(Chlorita onukii)、Chondracris rosea、核桃黑斑蚜(Chromaphis juglandicola)、黑褐圆盾蚧(Chrysomphalus ficus)、玉米叶蝉(Cicadulina mbila)、Coccomytilus halli、软蚧属种(Coccus spp.),例如褐软蚧(Coccushesperidum)、长椭圆软蚧(Coccus longulus)、橘软蜡蚧(Coccus pseudomagnoliarum)、黄绿介壳虫(Coccus viridis)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、Cryptoneossa属种、Ctenarytaina属种、角顶叶蝉属种(Dalbulus spp.)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri)、白背盾蚧属种(Diaspis spp.)、履绵蚧属种(Drosicha spp.)、西圆尾蚜属种(Dysaphis spp.),例如Dysaphis apiifolia、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphisplantaginea)、百合西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis tulipae)、灰粉蚧属种(Dysmicoccus spp.)、小绿叶蝉属种(Empoasca spp.),例如Empoasca abrupta、马铃薯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、苹果小绿叶蝉(Empoasca maligna)、Empoasca solana、Empoasca stevensi、绵蚜属种(Eriosoma spp.),例如Eriosoma americanum、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、Eriosomapyricola、斑叶蝉属种(Erythroneura spp.)、Eucalyptolyma属种、褐木虱属种(Euphyllura spp.)、Euscelis bilobatus、拂粉蚧属种(Ferrisia spp.)、咖啡地粉蚧(Geococcus coffeae)、Glycaspis属种、Heteropsylla cubana、Heteropsylla spinulosa、假桃病毒叶蝉(Homalodisca coagulata)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis),例如桃粉蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、吹绵蚧属种(Icerya spp.),例如吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi)、片角叶蝉属种(Idiocerus spp.)、扁喙叶蝉属种(Idioscopus spp.)、灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)、蜡蚧属种(Lecanium spp.),例如褐盔蜡蚧(Lecanium corni(=Parthenolecanium corni))、蛎盾蚧属种(Lepidosaphes spp.),例如榆蛎盾蚧(Lepidosaphes ulmi)、萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)、斑衣蜡蝉(Lycorma delicatula)、长管蚜属种(Macrosiphum spp.),例如马铃薯长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、Macrosiphumlilii、蔷薇长管蚜(Macrosiphum rosae)、二点叶蜂(Macrosteles facifrons)、突眼长蝽属种(Mahanarva spp.)、高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)、Metcalfiella属种、Metcalfapruinosa、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、黑缘平翅斑蚜(Monellia costalis)、Monelliopsis pecanis、瘤蚜属种(Myzus spp.),例如冬葱蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzuscerasi、Myzus ligustri、Myzus ornatus、桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、烟蚜(Myzusnicotianae)、莴苣衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribisnigri)、黑尾叶蝉属种(Nephotettixspp.),例如黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、二条斑黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettixnigropictus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、Oncometopia属种、Orthezia praelonga、中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)、Pachypsylla属种、杨梅缘粉虱(Parabemisia myricae)、木虱属种(Paratrioza spp.),例如Paratrioza cockerelli、片盾蚧属种(Parlatoria spp.)、瘿绵蚜属种(Pemphigus spp.),例如囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、Pemphiguspopulivenae、玉米蜡蝉(Peregrinus maidis)、绵粉蚧属种(Phenacoccus spp.),例如苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Phenacoccus madeirensis)、杨平翅绵蚜(Phloeomyzus passerinii)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、葡萄根瘤蚜属种(Phylloxera spp.),例如Phylloxeradevastatrix、Phylloxera notabilis、苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Pinnaspis aspidistrae)、臀纹粉蚧属种(Planococcus spp.),例如桔粉介壳虫(Planococcus citri)、Prosopidopsyllaflava、梨形原绵蚧(Protopulvinaria pyriformis)、桑白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspispentagona)、粉蚧属种(Pseudococcus spp.),例如嗜桔粉蚧(Pseudococcuscalceolariae)、康氏粉蚧(Pseudococcus comstocki)、长尾粉蚧(Pseudococcuslongispinus)、真葡萄粉蚧(Pseudococcus maritimus)、暗色粉蚧(Pseudococcusviburni)、Psyllopsis属种、木虱属种(Psylla spp.),例如Psylla buxi、苹果木虱(Psyllamali)、梨木虱(Psylla pyri)、金小蜂属种(Pteromalus spp.)、Pyrilla属种、笠圆盾蚧属种(Quadraspidiotus spp.),例如胡桃圆盾蚧(Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae)、Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis、梨笠圆盾蚧(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus)、Quesadagigas、平刺粉蚧属种(Rastrococcus spp.)、缢管蚜属种(Rhopalosiphum spp.),例如玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphumpadi)、红腹缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale)、黑盔蚧属种(Saissetia spp.),例如咖啡硬介壳虫(Saissetia coffeae)、Saissetia miranda、Saissetia neglecta、橄榄黑盔蚧(Saissetia oleae)、葡萄带叶蝉(Scaphoideus titanus)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphisgraminum)、苏铁刺圆盾蚧(Selenaspidus articulatus)、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、长唇基飞虱属种(Sogata spp.)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)、Sogatodes属种、三角蝶(Stictocephala festina)、树粉虱(Siphoninus phillyreae)、Tenalaphara malayensis、Tetragonocephela属种、美洲山核桃长斑蚜(Tinocallis caryaefoliae)、广胸沫蝉属种(Tomaspis spp.)、声蚜属种(Toxoptera spp.),例如小桔蚜(Toxoptera aurantii)、大桔蚜(Toxoptera citricidus)、温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、尖翅木虱属种(Trioza spp.),例如Trioza diospyri、小叶蝉属种(Typhlocyba spp.)、尖盾蚧属种(Unaspis spp.)、葡萄根瘤虱(Viteus vitifolii)、么叶蝉属种(Zygina spp.);
异翅亚目(Heteroptera),例如,南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis)、拟丽蝽属种(Antestiopsis spp.)、Boisea属种、土长蝽属种(Blissus spp.)、俊盲蝽属种(Calocorisspp.)、斑腿微刺盲蝽(Campylomma livida)、异背长蝽属种(Cavelerius spp.)、臭虫属种(Cimex spp.),例如Cimex adjunctus、热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、温带臭虫(Cimexlectularius)、蝠臭虫(Cimex pilosellus)、白瓣麦寄蝇属种(Collaria spp.)、绿盲蝽(Creontiades dilutus)、胡椒缘蝽(Dasynus piperis)、Dichelops furcatus、厚氏长棒网蝽(Diconocoris hewetti)、棉红蝽属种(Dysdercus spp.)、美洲蝽属种(Euschistusspp.),例如Euschistus heros、褐臭蝽(Euschistus servus)、Euschistus tristigmus、Euschistus variolarius、扁盾蝽属种(Eurygaster spp.)、茶翅蝽(Halyomorpha halys)、刺盲蝽属种(Heliopeltis spp.)、Horcias nobilellus、稻缘蝽属种(Leptocorisa spp.)、异稻缘蝽(Leptocorisa varicornis)、Leptoglossus occidentalis、叶喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、丽盲蝽属种(Lygocoris spp.),例如原丽盲蝽(Lygocorispabulinus)、草盲蝽属种(Lygus spp.),例如Lygus elisus、豆荚草盲蝽(Lygushesperus)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、蔗黑长蝽(Macropes excavatus)、黑摩盲蝽(Monalonion atratum)、绿蝽属种(Nezara spp.),例如稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)、稻蝽属种(Oebalus spp.)、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、壁蝽属种(Piezodorus spp.),例如Piezodorus guildinii、杂盲蝽属种(Psallus spp.)、Pseudacysta persea、红猎蝽属种(Rhodnius spp.)、可可褐盲蝽(Sahlbergella singularis)、Scaptocoris castanea、黑蝽属种(Scotinophora spp.)、梨冠网蝽(Stephanitis nashi)、Tibraca属种、锥蝽属种(Triatoma spp.);
膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如,切叶蚁属种(Acromyrmex spp.)、菜叶蜂属种(Athalia spp.),例如芜菁叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶白蚁属种(Atta spp.)、松叶蜂属种(Diprion spp.),例如类欧松叶蜂(Diprion similis)、实叶蜂属种(Hoplocampa spp.),例如樱实叶蜂(Hoplocampa cookei)、苹叶蜂(Hoplocampa testudinea)、毛蚁属种(Lasiusspp.)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、Sirex属种、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、蚁属种(Tapinoma spp.)、树蜂属种(Urocerus spp.)、胡蜂属种(Vespa spp.),例如黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、Xeris属种;
等足目(Isopoda),例如,鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、栉水虱(Oniscusasellus)、球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber);
等翅目(Isoptera),例如,家白蚁属种(Coptotermes spp.),例如台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)、堆角白蚁(Cornitermes cumulans)、湿木白蚁属种(Cryptotermes spp.)、楹白蚁属种(Incisitermes spp.)、甘蔗白蚁(Microtermesobesi)、土白蚁属种(Odontotermes spp.)、散白蚁属种(Reticulitermes spp.),例如黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、西方散白蚁(Reticulitermes hesperus);
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,小蜡螟(Achroia grisella)、桑剑纹夜蛾(Acronicta major)、卷叶蛾属种(Adoxophyes spp.),例如棉褐带卷蛾(Adoxophyesorana)、烦夜蛾(Aedia leucomelas)、地老虎属种(Agrotis spp.),例如黄地老虎(Agrotissegetum)、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon)、波纹夜蛾属种(Alabama spp.),例如棉叶波纹夜蛾(Alabama argillacea)、脐橙螟蛾(Amyelois transitella)、麦蛾属种(Anarsia spp.)、干煞夜蛾属种(Anticarsia spp.),例如大豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、条小卷蛾属种(Argyroploce spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Barathra brassicae)、籼弄蝶(Borbo cinnara)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、蛀褐夜蛾属种(Busseolaspp.)、卷叶蛾属种(Cacoecia spp.)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、烟卷蛾(Capuareticulana)、苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsa pomonella)、柱果蛾(Carposina niponensis)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、禾草螟属种(Chilo spp.),例如禾草螟(Chiloplejadellus)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、枞色卷蛾属种(Choristoneura spp.)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、纵卷叶野螟属种(Cnaphalocerus spp.)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、云卷蛾属种(Cnephasia spp.)、细蛾属种(Conopomorphaspp.)、球颈象属种(Conotrachelus spp.)、Copitarsia属种、小卷蛾属种(Cydia spp.),例如豌豆小卷蛾(Cydia nigricana)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella)、Dalaca noctuides、绢野螟属种(Diaphania spp.)、蔗螟(Diatraea saccharalis)、钻夜蛾属种(Earias spp.)、Ecdytolopha aurantium、小玉米螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、非洲蔗螟(Eldanasaccharina)、粉斑螟属种(Ephestia spp.),例如烟草粉螟(Ephestia elutella)、地中海粉螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、叶小卷蛾属种(Epinotia spp.)、苹淡褐卷蛾(Epiphyaspostvittana)、荚斑螟属种(Etiella spp.)、棕卷蛾属种(Eulia spp.)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、黄毒蛾属种(Euproctis spp.),例如黄毒蛾(Euproctischrysorrhoea)、切根虫属种(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属种(Feltia spp.)、大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、细蛾属种(Gracillaria spp.)、小食心虫属种(Grapholithaspp.),例如梨小食心虫(Grapholita molesta)、杏小食心虫(Grapholita prunivora)、蚀叶野螟属种(Hedylepta spp.)、铃夜蛾属种(Helicoverpa spp.),例如棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米穗虫(Helicoverpa zea)、实夜蛾属种(Heliothis spp.),例如烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella)、同斑螟属种(Homoeosoma spp.)、长卷蛾属种(Homona spp.)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutapadella)、柿蒂虫(Kakivoria flavofasciata)、贪夜蛾属种(Laphygma spp.)、茄黄斑螟(Leucinodes orbonalis)、潜蛾属种(Leucoptera spp.),例如咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucopteracoffeella)、潜叶细蛾属种(Lithocolletis spp.),例如Lithocolletis blancardella、绿果冬夜蛾(Lithophane antennata)、花翅小卷蛾属种(Lobesia spp.),例如欧洲葡萄蛾(Lobesia botrana)、豆白隆切根虫(Loxagrotis albicosta)、毒蛾属种(Lymantriaspp.),例如舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、潜蛾属种(Lyonetia spp.),例如桃潜叶蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、豆荚野螟(Marucatestulalis)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamstra brassicae)、Melanitis leda、毛胫夜蛾属种(Mocisspp.)、Monopis obviella、粘虫(Mythimna separata)、Nemapogon cloacellus、水螟属种(Nymphula spp.)、Oiketicus属种、麦秆夜蛾属种(Oria spp.)、瘤丛螟属种(Orthagaspp.)、秆野螟属种(Ostrinia spp.),例如欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、黑角负泥虫(Oulema melanopus)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、稻弄蝶属种(Parnara spp.)、红铃虫属种(Pectinophora spp.),例如棉红铃虫(Pectinophoragossypiella)、潜跳甲属种(Perileucoptera spp.)、茄麦蛾属种(Phthorimaea spp.),例如马铃薯块茎蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、小潜细蛾属种(Phyllonorycter spp.),例如潜叶虫(Phyllonorycter blancardella)、Phyllonorycter crataegella、菜粉蝶属种(Pieris spp.),例如菜青虫(Pieris rapae)、荷兰石竹小卷蛾(Platynota stultana)、印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)、金翅夜蛾属种(Plusia spp.)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)(=Plutella maculipennis)、小白巢蛾属种(Prays spp.)、斜纹夜蛾属种(Prodenia spp.)、烟草天蛾属种(Protoparce spp.)、粘虫属种(Pseudaletia spp.),例如一星粘虫(Pseudaletia unipuncta)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、薄荷灰夜蛾(Rachiplusianu)、禾螟属种(Schoenobius spp.),例如Schoenobius bipunctifer、白禾螟属种(Scirpophaga spp.),例如稻白螟(Scirpophaga innotata)、黄地老虎(Scotia segetum)、蛀茎夜蛾属种(Sesamia spp.),例如水稻大螟(Sesamia inferens)、长须卷蛾属种(Sparganothis spp.)、灰翅夜蛾属种(Spodoptera spp.),例如Spodoptera eradiana、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、Spodopterapraefica、举肢蛾属种(Stathmopoda spp.)、花生麦蛾(Stomopteryx subsecivella)、兴透翅蛾属种(Synanthedon spp.)、安第斯马铃薯块茎蛾(Tecia solanivora)、干煞夜蛾(Thermesia gemmatalis)、木塞谷蛾(Tinea cloacella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、栎绿卷蛾属种(Tortrix spp.)、毛毡衣蛾(Trichophagatapetzella)、粉夜蛾属种(Trichoplusia spp.),例如粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、番茄斑潜蝇(Tuta absoluta)、灰蝶属种(Virachola spp.);
直翅目(Orthoptera)或跳跃目(Saltatoria),例如,家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、Dichroplus属种、蝼蛄属种(Gryllotalpa spp.),例如欧洲蝼蛄(Gryllotalpagryllotalpa)、蔗蝗属种(Hieroglyphus spp.)、飞蝗属种(Locusta spp.),例如东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、黑蝗属种(Melanoplus spp.),例如Melanoplus devastator、Paratlanticus ussuriensis、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria);
虱目(Phthiraptera),例如,畜虱属种(Damalinia spp.)、血虱属种(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属种(Linognathus spp.)、虱属种(Pediculus spp.)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloera vastatrix)、阴虱(Phtirus pubis)、嚼虱属种(Trichodectes spp.);
啮虫目(Psocoptera),例如粉啮虫属种(Lepinotus spp.)、书虱属种(Liposcelisspp.);
蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,角叶蚤属种(Ceratophyllus spp.)、栉首蚤属种(Ctenocephalides spp.),例如犬栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopsis);
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,玉米黄呆蓟马(Anaphothrips obscurus)、稻蓟马(Baliothrips biformis)、葡萄链蓟马(Drepanothrips reuteri)、Enneothrips flavens、花蓟马属种(Frankliniella spp.),例如烟褐花蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、苏花蓟马(Frankliniella schultzei)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、Frankliniella vaccinii、威廉期花蓟马(Frankliniellawilliamsi)、网蓟马属种(Heliothrips spp.)、温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothripsfemoralis)、葡萄蓟马(Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus)、硬蓟马属种(Scirtothripsspp.)、Taeniothrips cardamomi、蓟马属种(Thrips spp.),例如南黄蓟马(Thripspalmi)、葱蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
衣鱼目(Zygentoma)(=缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如,栉衣鱼属种(Ctenolepismaspp.)、衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)、盗火虫(Lepismodes inquilinus)、小灶衣鱼(Thermobia domestica);
综合纲(Symphyla),例如,么蚰属种(Scutigerella spp.),例如白松虫(Scutigerella immaculata);
来自软体动物门(Mollusca)的害虫,特别是双壳纲(Bivalvia),例如,贻贝属种(Dreissena spp.),
以及腹足纲(Gastropoda),例如,阿勇蛞蝓属种(Arion spp.),例如黑蛞蝓(Arionater rufus)、双脐螺属种(Biomphalaria spp.)、小泡螺属种(Bulinus spp.)、野蛞蝓属种(Deroceras spp.),例如光滑野蛞蝓(Deroceras laeve)、土蜗属种(Galba spp.)、椎实螺属种(Lymnaea spp.)、钉螺属种(Oncomelania spp.)、福寿螺属种(Pomacea spp.)、琥珀螺属种(Succinea spp.);
来自扁形动物门(Plathelminthes)和线虫门(Nematoda)的动物和人类寄生虫,例如,猫圆线虫属种(Aelurostrongylus spp.)、裂口线虫属种(Amidostomum spp.)、钩口线虫属种(Ancylostoma spp.)、血管圆线虫属种(Angiostrongylus spp.)、异尖线虫属种(Anisakis spp.)、裸头绦虫属种(Anoplocephala spp.)、蛔虫属种(Ascaris spp.)、禽蛔虫属种(Ascaridia spp.)、贝蛔虫属种(Baylisascaris spp.)、布鲁线虫属种(Brugiaspp.)、仰口线虫属种(Bunostomum spp.)、毛细线虫属种(Capillaria spp.)、夏伯特线虫属种(Chabertia spp.)、支睾吸虫属种(Clonorchis spp.)、古柏线虫属种(Cooperiaspp.)、环体线虫属种(Crenosoma spp.)、Cyathostoma属种、双腔吸虫属种(Dicrocoeliumspp.)、网尾线虫属种(Dictyocaulus spp.)、裂头绦虫属种(Diphyllobothrium spp.)、复孔绦虫属种(Dipylidium spp.)、恶丝虫属种(Dirofilaria spp.)、龙线虫属种(Dracunculus spp.)、棘球绦虫属种(Echinococcus spp.)、棘口吸虫属种(Echinostomaspp.)、蛲虫属种(Enterobius spp.)、真鞘属种(Eucoleus spp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciolaspp.)、拟片形吸虫属种(Fascioloides spp.)、姜片虫属种(Fasciolopsis spp.)、类丝虫属种(Filaroides spp.)、筒线虫属种(Gongylonema spp.)、三代虫属种(Gyrodactylusspp.)、柔线虫属种(Habronema spp.)、血矛线虫属种(Haemonchus spp.)、似绕体线虫属种(Heligmosomoides spp.)、异刺线虫属种(Heterakis spp.)、膜壳绦虫属种(Hymenolepisspp.)、猪圆线虫属种(Hyostrongylus spp.)、类平滑丝虫属种(Litomosoides spp.)、罗阿线虫属种(Loa spp.)、后圆线虫属种(Metastrongylus spp.)、次睾吸虫属种(Metorchisspp.)、中带绦虫属种(Mesocestoides spp.)、莫尼茨绦虫属种(Moniezia spp.)、缪勒线虫属种(Muellerius spp.)、板口线虫属种(Necator spp.)、细颈线虫属种(Nematodirusspp.)、日圆线虫属种(Nippostrongylus spp.)、食道口线虫属种(Oesophagostomumspp.)、盘头线虫属种(Ollulanus spp.)、盘尾丝虫属种(Onchocerca spp.)、后睾吸虫属种(Opisthorchis spp.)、奥斯勒线虫属种(Oslerus spp.)、奥斯特线虫属种(Ostertagiaspp.)、尖尾线虫属种(Oxyuris spp.)、Paracapillaria属种、副丝虫属种(Parafilariaspp.)、并殖吸虫属种(Paragonimus spp.)、同盘吸虫属种(Paramphistomum spp.)、副裸头属种(Paranoplocephala spp.)、副蛔虫属种(Parascaris spp.)、栓尾线虫属种(Passalurus spp.)、原圆线虫属种(Protostrongylus spp.)、血吸虫属种(Schistosomaspp.)、腹腔丝虫属种(Setaria spp.)、尾旋线虫属种(Spirocerca spp.)、冠丝虫属种(Stephanofilaria spp.)、冠尾属种(Stephanurus spp.)、粪圆线虫属种(Strongyloidesspp.)、圆线虫属种(Strongylus spp.)、比翼属种(Syngamus spp.)、绦虫属种(Taeniaspp.)、背板属种(Teladorsagia spp.)、吸吮线虫属种(Thelazia spp.)、弓蛔属种(Toxascaris spp.)、弓首线虫属种(Toxocara spp.)、旋毛虫属种(Trichinella spp.)、毛血吸虫属种(Trichobilharzia spp.)、毛圆线虫属种(Trichostrongylus spp.)、鞭虫属种(Trichuris spp.)、钩虫属种(Uncinaria spp.)、吴策线虫属种(Wuchereria spp.);
来自线虫门的植物害虫,即植物寄生性线虫,特别是野外垫刃属种(Aglenchusspp.),例如居农野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus agricola)、粒线虫属种(Anguina spp.),例如小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)、滑刃线虫属种(Aphelenchoides spp.),例如花生滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides arachidis)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、刺线虫属种(Belonolaimus spp.),例如细小细线虫(Belonolaimus gracilis)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)、诺顿刺线虫(Belonolaimus nortoni)、伞滑刃线虫属种(Bursaphelenchus spp.),例如椰子伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)、Bursaphelenchus eremus、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)、坏死线虫属种(Cacopaurus spp.),例如胡桃线虫(Cacopaurus pestis)、小环线虫属种(Criconemellaspp.),例如弯曲小环线虫(Criconemella curvata)、刻线小环线虫(Criconemellaonoensis)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、Criconemella rusium、异盘中环线虫(Criconemella xenoplax)(=Mesocriconema xenoplax)、轮线虫属种(Criconemoidesspp.),例如Criconemoides ferniae、Criconemoides onoense、Criconemoides ornatum、茎线虫属种(Ditylenchus spp.),例如起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、锥线虫属种(Dolichodorus spp.)、球异皮线虫属种(Globodera spp.),例如马铃薯白线虫(Globoderapallida)、马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)、螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchusspp.),例如双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、半轮线虫属种(Hemicriconemoides spp.)、鞘线虫属种(Hemicycliophora spp.)、异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.),例如禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heteroderaglycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、纽带线虫属种(Hoplolaimus spp.)、长针线虫属种(Longidorus spp.),例如Longidorus africanus、根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne spp.),例如奇氏根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、Meloidogynefallax、茄根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、Meloinema属种、珍珠线虫属种(Nacobbus spp.)、拟茎线虫属种(Neotylenchus spp.)、拟滑刃线虫(Paraphelenchus spp.)、拟毛刺属种线虫(Paratrichodorus spp.),例如微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)、短体线虫属种(Pratylenchus spp.),例如穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、Pseudohalenchus属种、Psilenchus属种、Punctodera属种、五沟线虫属种(Quinisulcius spp.)、穿孔线虫属种(Radopholus spp.),例如柑橘穿孔线虫(Radopholus citrophilus)、香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、肾状线虫属种(Rotylenchulus spp.)、盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchus spp.)、盾状线虫属种(Scutellonemaspp.)、亚蛇形线虫属种(Subanguina spp.)、毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorus spp.),例如Trichodorus obtusus、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)、矮化线虫属种(Tylenchorhynchus spp.),例如饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annulatus)、麦线虫属种(Tylenchulus spp.),例如半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)、剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp.),例如标记剑线虫(Xiphinema index)。
此外,还可以防治来自原生动物(Protozoa)亚门、球虫目(Coccidia)例如艾美球虫属种(Eimeria spp.)。
线虫
在上下文中,术语“线虫”包含线虫动物门的全部种属且这里尤其是作为寄生虫作用于植物或真菌(例如滑刃目(Aphelenchida)、根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne)、垫刃目(Tylenchida)及其他种类)或作用于人类和动物(例如Trichinellida目、刃目(Tylenchida)、亚目(Rhabditina)和旋尾目(Spirurida))或导致这些活体生物体内或体外伤害的种属,以及其他寄生蠕虫。
如本文所述,作物保护中的杀线虫剂能防治线虫。
术语“防治线虫”表示杀死线虫或预防或阻止其发育或其生长或预防或阻止其渗入植物组织或其吮吸植物组织。
在本文中,化合物的功效通过在使用式(I)的化合物处理的植物或植物部位或处理的土壤和未处理的植物或植物部位或未处理的土壤(100%)之间进行比较每体积土壤的死亡率、虫瘿形成、包囊形成、线虫密度,每个根上的线虫密度,每体积土壤的线虫卵的数量,线虫的游动性而测定。优选地,与未处理的植物、植物部位或未处理的土壤相比,减少25-50%,更优选51-79%且最优选通过减少80-100%而实现完全杀死或完全预防线虫的发育和生长。本文所述的线虫的防治也包含线虫增殖(虫瘿和/或卵的发育)的防治。式(I)的化合物也可用于保持植物或动物的健康,且它们可治疗性、预防性或系统性地用于线虫的防治。
本领域的技术人员知晓用于测定每体积土壤的死亡率、虫瘿形成、包囊形成、线虫密度,每个根上的线虫密度,每体积土壤的线虫卵的数量,线虫的游动性的方法。
式(I)的化合物的使用可保持植物健康且包含由线虫产生的伤害的减少和收获产量的增加。
在上下文中,术语“线虫”是指植物线虫,其包含伤害植物的全部线虫。植物线虫包含植物寄生线虫和土壤传播线虫。所述植物寄生线虫包括体外寄生虫例如剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp.)、长针线虫属种(Longidorus spp.)和毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorusspp.);半寄生虫,例如穿刺线虫属种(Tylenchulus spp.);迁移性内寄生虫,例如短体属种(Pratylenchus spp.)、穿孔线虫属种(Radopholus spp.)和Scutellonema spp.;非迁移性寄生虫,例如异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.)、Globodera spp.和根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne spp.),以及茎和叶的内寄生虫,例如茎线虫属种(Ditylenchus spp.)、滑刃线虫属种(Aphelenchoides spp.)和Hirschmaniella spp.。特别有害的根寄生土壤线虫为例如异皮线虫属种(Heterodera)或球异皮线虫属种(Globodera)的孢囊线虫和/或根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne)的根瘿线虫。这些属的有害种属为例如南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines(soybean cyst nematode))、马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)和马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis(yellow potatocyst nematode)),使用本文所述的化合物可有效地防治这些种属。然而,本文所述的化合物的使用绝不仅限于这些种属,还以同样地方式扩展到其他线虫。
所述植物线虫包括例如居农野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus agricola)、小麦粒瘿线虫(Anguina tritici)、花生滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides arachidis)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae),以及茎和叶的内寄生虫,滑刃线虫属种(Aphelenchoidesspp.)、细小细线虫(Belonolaimus gracilis)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)、诺顿刺线虫(Belonolaimus nortoni)、椰子伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)、Bursaphelenchus eremus、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchusxylophilus)和伞滑刃线虫属种(Bursaphelenchus spp.)、胡桃线虫(Cacopauruspestis)、弯曲小环线虫(Criconemella curvata)、刻线小环线虫(Criconemellaonoensis)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、Criconemella rusium、异盘中环线虫(Criconemella xenoplax)(=Mesocriconema xenoplax)和小环线虫属种(Criconemellaspp.),
Criconemoides ferniae、Criconemoides onoense、Criconemoides ornatum和轮线虫属种(Criconemoides spp.)、马铃薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchus myceliophagus)以及茎和叶的内寄生虫,茎线虫属种(Ditylenchus spp.)、异头锥线虫(Dolichodorus heterocephalus)、马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida(=Heterodera pallida))、马铃薯金线虫(Globoderarostochiensis(yellow potato cyst nematode))、茄球异皮线虫(Globoderasolanacearum)、烟草球异皮线虫(Globodera tabacum)、弗吉尼亚球异皮线虫(Globoderavirginia)和非迁移性形成孢囊寄生虫球异皮线虫属种(Globodera spp.),双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus digonicus)、双宫双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、刺桐双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus erythrine)、多带双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchusmulticinctus)、短小双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus nannus)、假强壮双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus)和螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchus spp.),半轮线虫(Hemicriconemoides)、蚤缀鞘线虫(Hemicycliophora arenaria)、Hemicycliophoranudata、微细鞘线虫(Hemicycliophora parvana)、禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、十字花科异皮线虫(Heterodera cruciferae)、大豆异皮线虫(Heterodera glycines(soyabean cyst nematode))、水稻异皮线虫(Heterodera oryzae)、甜菜异皮线虫(Heteroderaschachtii)、玉米异皮线虫(Heterodera zeae)和非迁移性形成孢囊寄生虫,异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.)、Hirschmaniella gracilis、Hirschmaniella oryzae、Hirschmaniella spinicaudata以及茎和叶的内寄生虫,潜根线虫属种(Hirschmaniellaspp.),埃及纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus aegyptii)、Hoplolaimus californicus、哥伦比亚纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus columbus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)、印度纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus indicus)、大针纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus magnistylus)、不强纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus pararobustus)、非洲长针线虫(Longidorus africanus)、短环长针线虫(Longidorus breviannulatus)、逸去长针线虫(Longidorus elongatus)、光头长针线虫(Longidorus laevicapitatus)、藤蔓长针线虫(Longidorus vineacola)和外寄生虫,长针线虫属种(Longidorus spp.),高粱根结线虫(Meloidogyne acronea)、非洲根结线虫(Meloidogyne africana)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、Meloidogynearenaria thamesi、甘兰根结线虫(Meloidogyne artiella)、奇氏根结线虫(Meloidogynechitwoodi)、Meloidogyne coffeicola、埃塞俄比亚根结线虫(Meloidogyne ethiopica)、短小根结线虫(Meloidogyne exigua)、Meloidogyne fallax、禾草根结线虫(Meloidogynegraminicola)、禾本科根结线虫(Meloidogyne graminis)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogynehapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、Meloidogyne incognita acrita、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、吉库尤根结线虫(Meloidogyne kikuyensis)、Meloidogyne minor、纳西根结线虫(Meloidogyne naasi)、巴拉那根结线虫(Meloidogyneparanaensis)、泰晤士根结线虫(Meloidogyne thamesi)和非迁移性寄生虫,根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne spp.),瓢线虫属种(Meloinema spp.)、异常科布线虫(Nacobbusaberrans)、Neotylenchus vigissi、Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus、葱副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus allius)、裂片副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus lobatus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)、Paratrichodorus nanus、胼胝副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、光滑副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus teres)和副毛刺线虫属种(Paratrichodorus spp.),弯钩针线虫(Paratylenchus hamatus)、Paratylenchusminutus、突出针线虫(Paratylenchus projectus)和针线虫属种(Paratylenchus spp.),敏捷短体线虫(Pratylenchus agilis)、艾氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus alleni)、安第斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus andinus)、最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、谷类短体线虫(Pratylenchus cerealis)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、刻痕短体线虫(Pratylenchus crenatus)、德式短体线虫(Pratylenchus delattrei)、圆尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus giibbicaudatus)、古氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)、Pratylenchushamatus、六纹短体线虫(Pratylenchus hexincisus)、卢斯短体线虫(Pratylenchusloosi)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchuspenetrans)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、精美短体线虫(Pratylenchus teres)、索氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus thornei)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)和迁移性内寄生虫,短体线虫属种(Pratylenchus spp.),Pseudohalenchus minutus、Psilenchus magnidens、Psilenchus tumidus、查尔斑皮线(Punctodera chalcoensis)、锐利五沟线虫(Quinisulcius acutus)、柑橘穿孔线虫(Radopholus citrophilus)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis),迁移性内寄生虫,穿孔线虫属种(Radopholus spp.),北方小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus borealis)、微小小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus parvu)、肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)和小盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchulus spp.),直沟盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus laurentinus)、Rotylenchusmacrodoratus、强壮盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus robustus)、单型盘旋线虫(Rotylenchusuniformis)和盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchus spp.),小班盾线虫(Scutellonemabrachyurum)、缓慢盾线虫(Scutellonema bradys)、格尾盾线虫(Scutellonemaclathricaudatum)和迁移性内寄生虫,盾线虫属种(Scutellonema spp.),根瘿亚蟃线虫(Subanguina radiciola)、Tetylenchus nicotianae、圆筒毛刺线虫(Trichodoruscylindricus)、Trichodorus minor、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)、最近毛刺线虫(Trichodorus proximus)、相似毛刺线虫(Trichodorus similis)、少见毛刺线虫(Trichodorus sparsus)和外寄生虫毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorus spp.),农田矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus agri)、菜蔬矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus brassicae)、清亮矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus clarus)、克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、指状矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus digitatus)、伊布里矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus ebriensis)、最大矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus maximus)、裸矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus nudus)、普通矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris)和矮化线虫属种(Tylenchorhynchus spp.),半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)和半寄生虫小垫刃线虫属种(Tylenchulusspp.),美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)、短颈剑线虫(Xiphinema brevicolle)、裂尾剑线虫(Xiphinema dimorphicaudatum)、标记剑线虫(Xiphinema index)和外寄生虫剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp)。
可使用式(I)的化合物防治的线虫包括根结线虫属的线虫,例如南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)和花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria);茎线虫(Ditylenchus)属的线虫,例如马铃薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)和起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci);短体线虫(Pratylenchus)属的线虫,例如穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchuspenetrans)、伪短体线虫(Pratylenchus fallax)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchuscoffeae)、卢斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus loosi)和伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus);球异皮线虫(Globodera)属的线虫,例如马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)和马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida);异皮线虫(Heterodera)属的线虫,例如大豆异皮线虫(Heterodera glycines)和甜菜异皮线虫(Heterodera schachtii);滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides)属的线虫,例如水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、菊叶芽滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi)和草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae);真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus)属的线虫,例如燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae);穿孔线虫(Radopholus)属的线虫,例如相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis);小垫刃线虫(Tylenchulus)属的线虫,例如半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans);小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus)属的线虫,例如肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis);乔木线虫(tree-dwelling nematodes),例如松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和红环腐线虫(Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)等。
可使用式(I)的化合物保护的植物包括植物例如谷类(例如稻、大麦、小麦、黑麦、燕麦、玉米等)、豆类(大豆、红豆、菜豆、蚕豆、豌豆、花生等)、果树/水果(苹果、柑橘、梨、葡萄、桃子、日本杏、樱桃、核桃、扁桃、香蕉、草莓等)、蔬菜(甘蓝、西红柿、菠菜、绿花椰菜、生菜、洋葱、葱、胡椒等)、块根作物(胡萝卜、马铃薯、红薯、小萝卜(radish)、莲藕、萝卜(turnip)等),经济作物(棉、麻、纸桑、结香(mitsumata)、油菜、甜菜、蛇麻草(hops)、甘蔗、糖用甜菜、橄榄、橡胶、棕榈树、咖啡、烟草、茶叶等)、瓜类(南瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、甜瓜等)、牧场用植物(果园草、高粱、猫尾草、三叶草、紫花苜蓿等)、草坪用草(高丽草(mascarene grass)、小糠草(bent grass)等)、调味植物等(薰衣草、迷迭香、百里香、香菜、胡椒、姜等),和开花植物(菊花、玫瑰、兰花等)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适用于防治咖啡线虫,特别是最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusbrachyurus)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、短小根结线虫(Meloidogyneexigua)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、Meloidogyne coffeicola、螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchus spp.)以及巴拉那根结线虫(Meloidogyne paranaensis)、盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchus spp.)、剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp.)、矮化线虫属种(Tylenchorhynchus spp.)、盾线虫属种(Scutellonema spp.)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治马铃薯线虫,特别是最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusbrachyurus)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)以及艾氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus alleni)、安第斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus andinus)、谷类短体线虫(Pratylenchus cerealis)、刻痕短体线虫(Pratylenchus crenatus)、六纹短体线虫(Pratylenchus hexincisus)、卢斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus loosi)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、精美短体线虫(Pratylenchus teres)、索氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus thornei)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)、圆筒毛刺线虫(Trichodorus cylindricus)、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)、最近毛刺线虫(Trichodorus proximus)、相似毛刺线虫(Trichodorus similis)、少见毛刺线虫(Trichodorus sparsus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)、葱副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus allius)、Paratrichodorusnanus、光滑副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus teres)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogynearenaria)、Meloidogyne fallax、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、泰晤士根结线虫(Meloidogyne thamesi)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、奇氏根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、异常科布线虫(Nacobbus aberrans)、马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)、马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)、马铃薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、Neotylenchusvigissi、Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoidesfragariae)、瓢线虫属种(Meloinema spp.)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治西红柿线虫,特别是花生根结线虫(Meloidogynearenaria)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)以及最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)、Meloidogyne exigua、异常科布线虫(Nacobbusaberrans)、茄球异皮线虫(Globodera solanacearum)、异头锥线虫(Dolichodorusheterocephalus)和肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus Reniformis)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治黄瓜植物线虫,特别是花生根结线虫(Meloidogynearenaria)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)和索氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus thornei)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治棉花线虫,特别是长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、哥伦比亚纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus columbus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)和肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治玉米线虫,特别是长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)以及最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、德式短体线虫(Pratylenchus delattrei)、六纹短体线虫(Pratylenchus hexincisus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)、细小细线虫(Belonolaimus gracilis)、诺顿刺线虫(Belonolaimusnortoni)、短环长针线虫(Longidorus breviannulatus)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogynearenaria)、Meloidogyne arenaria thamesi、禾本科根结线虫(Meloidogyne graminis)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、Meloidogyne incognita acrita、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、纳西根结线虫(Meloidogyne naasi)、禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、水稻异皮线虫(Heterodera oryzae)、玉米异皮线虫(Heteroderazeae)、查尔斑皮线(Punctodera chalcoensis)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、埃及纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus aegyptii)、大针纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus magnistylus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)、印度纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus indicus)、双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus digonicus)、双宫双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、假强壮双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinemaamericanum)、异头锥线虫(Dolichodorus heterocephalus)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemellaornata)、刻线小环线虫(Criconemella onoensis)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、北方小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus borealis)、Rotylenchulus parvus、农田矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus agri)、清亮矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus clarus)、克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、最大矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus maximus)、裸矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus nudus)、普通矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris)、锐利五沟线虫(Quinisulcius acutus)、Paratylenchus minutus、微细鞘线虫(Hemicycliophoraparvana)、居农野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus agricola)、小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)、花生滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides arachidis)、小班盾线虫(Scutellonema brachyurum)和根瘿亚蟃线虫(Subanguina radiciola)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治大豆线虫,特别是最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusbrachyurus)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchuspenetrans)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、哥伦比亚纽带线虫(Hoplolaimuscolumbus)以及咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、六纹短体线虫(Pratylenchushexincisus)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、刻痕短体线虫(Pratylenchuscrenatus)、艾氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus alleni)、敏捷短体线虫(Pratylenchusagilis)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、细小细线虫(Belonolaimus gracilis)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、哥伦比亚纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus columbus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)和肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus Reniformis)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治烟草线虫,特别是南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)以及最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusbrachyurus)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、六纹短体线虫(Pratylenchushexincisus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchusneglectus)、刻痕短体线虫(Pratylenchus crenatus)、索氏短体线虫(Pratylenchusthornei)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)、逸去长针线虫(Longidorus elongatus)、裂片副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus lobatus)、Trichodorus spp.、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogynehapla)、烟草球异皮线虫(Globodera tabacum)、茄球异皮线虫(Globoderasolanacearum)、Globodera virginiae、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchus spp.)、螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchus spp.)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)、小环线虫属种(Criconemella spp.)、肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、针线虫属种(Paratylenchus spp.)和Tetylenchus nicotianae。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治柑橘属线虫,特别是咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchuscoffeae)以及最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchusvulnus)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorusminor)、胼胝副毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorus)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、Meloidogyne incognita acrita、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、Rotylenchus macrodoratus、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinemaamericanum)、短颈剑线虫(Xiphinema brevicolle)、标记剑线虫(Xiphinema index)、小环线虫属种(Criconemella spp.)、半轮线虫属种(Hemicriconemoides)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和柑橘穿孔线虫(Radopholus citrophilus)、蚤缀鞘线虫(Hemicycliophora arenaria)、Hemicycliophora nudata和半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulussemipenetrans)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治香蕉线虫,特别是咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchuscoffeae)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)以及圆尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusgiibbicaudatus)、卢斯短体线虫(Pratylenchus loosi)、根结线虫属种(Meloidogynespp.)、多带双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus multicinctus)、双宫双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)和小盘旋线虫属种(Rotylenchulus spp.)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治菠萝线虫,特别是玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchuszeae)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchusbrachyurus)、古氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)、根结线虫属种(Meloidogynespp.)、肾形小盘旋线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)以及逸去长针线虫(Longidoruselongatus)、光头长针线虫(Longidorus laevicapitatus)、原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorusprimitivus)、Trichodorus minor、异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchus myceliophagus)、Hoplolaimus californicus、不强纽带线虫(Hoplolaimuspararobustus)、印度纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus indicus)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchusdihystera)、短小双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus nannus)、多带双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus multicinctus)、刺桐双角螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus erythrine)、裂尾剑线虫(Xiphinema dimorphicaudatum)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、指状矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus digitatus)、伊布里矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchusebriensis)、Paratylenchus minutus、格尾盾线虫(Scutellonema clathricaudatum)、缓慢盾线虫(Scutellonema bradys)、Psilenchus tumidus、Psilenchus magnidens、Pseudohalenchus minutus、Criconemoides ferniae、Criconemoides onoense和Criconemoides ornatum。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治葡萄线虫,特别是伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchusvulnus)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、Xiphinema americanum、标记剑线虫(Xiphinema index)以及草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、索氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus thornei)和半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治木本作物——仁果中的线虫,特别是穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)以及伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、逸去长针线虫(Longidorus elongatus)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)和北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治木本作物——核果中的线虫,特别是穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、南方根瘤线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、薄叶小环线虫(Criconemella xenoplax)以及最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)、长尾刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)、弯曲小环线虫(Criconemella curvata)、克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、弯钩针线虫(Paratylenchus hamatus)、突出针线虫(Paratylenchus projectus)、小班盾线虫(Scutellonema brachyurum)和帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)。
式(I)的化合物尤其适于防治木本作物、甘蔗和稻中的线虫,特别是毛刺线虫属种(Trichodorus spp.)、小环线虫属种(Criconemella spp.)以及短体线虫属种(Pratylenchus spp.)、副毛刺线虫属种(Paratrichodorus spp.)、根结线虫属种(Meloidogyne spp.)、螺旋线虫属种(Helicotylenchus spp.)、矮化线虫属种(Tylenchorhynchus spp.)、滑刃线虫属种(Aphelenchoides spp.)、异皮线虫属种(Heterodera spp.)、剑线虫属种(Xiphinema spp.)和Cacopaurus pestis。
在本文中,术语“线虫”也指伤害人类和动物的线虫。
对人类或动物有害的具体线虫种属为:
Trichinellida,例如:鞭虫属种(Trichuris spp.)、毛细线虫属种(Capillariaspp.)、Paracapillaria spp.、Eucoleus spp.、Trichomosoides spp.、旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spp.)
垫刃目(Tylenchida),例如:Micronema spp.、类圆线虫属种(Strongyloidesspp.)
小杆目(Rhabditina),例如:圆线虫属种(Strongylus spp.)、三齿属种(Triodontophorus spp.)、食道齿属种(Oesophagodontus spp.)、毛线属种(Trichonemaspp.)、辐首属种(Gyalocephalus spp.)、柱咽属种(Cylindropharynx spp.)、盂口属种(Poteriostomum spp.)、Cyclococercus spp.、Cylicostephanus spp.、Oesophagostomumspp.、夏伯特属种(Chabertia spp.)、冠尾属种(Stephanurus spp.)、钩虫属种(Ancylostoma spp.)、弯口属种(Uncinaria spp.)、板口线虫属种(Necator spp.)、Bunostomum spp.、球首属种(Globocephalus spp.)、比翼属种(Syngamus spp.)、Cyathostoma spp.、后圆线虫属种(Metastrongylus spp.)、网尾属种(Dictyocaulusspp.)、缪勒属种(Muellerius spp.)、Protostrongylus spp.、Neostrongylus spp.、囊尾属种(Cystocaulus spp.)、Pneumostrongylus spp.、Spicocaulus spp.、Elaphostrongylus spp.、副鹿圆线虫属种(Parelaphostrongylus spp.)、Crenosomaspp.、Paracrenosoma spp.、Oslerus spp.、Angiostrongylus spp.、猫圆线虫属种(Aelurostrongylus spp.)、类丝虫属种(Filaroides spp.)、Parafilaroides spp.、Trichostrongylus spp.、血矛线虫属种(Haemonchus spp.)、奥斯特线虫(Ostertagiaspp.)、Teladorsagia spp.、马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia spp.)、Cooperia spp.、日圆线虫属种(Nippostrongylus spp.)、似绕体线虫属种(Heligmosomoides spp.)、细颈线虫属种(Nematodirus spp.)、猪圆属种(Hyostrongylus spp.)、Obeliscoides spp.、裂口线虫属种(Amidostomum spp.)、盘头线虫属种(Ollulanus spp.)
旋尾目(Spirurida),例如:尖尾线虫属种(Oxyuris spp.)、Enterobius spp.、栓尾属种(Passalurus spp.)、三种管状属种(Syphacia spp.)、无刺属种(Aspiculurisspp.)、Heterakis spp.;蛔虫属种(Ascaris spp.)、弓蛔属种(Toxascaris spp.)、弓首属种(Toxocara spp.)、Baylisascaris spp.、副蛔虫属种(Parascaris spp.)、异尖属种(Anisakis spp.)、Ascaridia spp.;颚口虫属种(Gnathostoma spp.)、Physalopteraspp.、Thelazia spp.、Gongylonema spp.、Habronema spp.、副柔线属种(Parabronemaspp.)、Draschia spp.、龙线属种(Dracunculus spp.);冠丝虫属种(Stephanofilariaspp.)、副丝虫属种(Parafilaria spp.)、腹腔丝虫属种(Setaria spp.)、Loa spp.、恶丝虫属种(Dirofilaria spp.)、类平滑丝虫属种(Litomosoides spp.)、布鲁格丝虫属种(Brugia spp.)、吴策线虫属种(Wuchereria spp.)、盘尾属种(Onchocerca spp.)、尾旋线虫属种(Spirocerca spp.)。
许多已知的杀线虫剂还作用于其他寄生蠕虫并因此被用于防治寄生于人类和动物的蠕虫,所述蠕虫不必须属于线虫组。本发明还涉及式(I)的化合物作为驱蠕虫药物的用途。病原性内寄生蠕虫包括扁形动物门(platyhelmintha)(例如单殖亚纲(monogenea)、绦虫(cestodes)和吸虫(trematodes))、棘头纲(acanthocephala)和舌形动物门(pentastoma)。优选为以下提及的蠕虫:
单殖亚纲:例如三代虫属种(Gyrodactylus spp.)、指环虫(Dactylogyrus spp.)、多盘吸虫(Polystoma spp.)
多节绦虫亚纲:假叶目(Pseudophyllidea),例如:裂头绦虫属种(Diphyllobothrium spp.)、迭宫绦虫属种(Spirometra spp.)、Schistocephalus spp.、舌状绦虫属种(Ligula spp.)、吸叶绦虫属种(Bothridium spp.)、大复殖孔绦虫属种(Diplogonoporus spp.)
圆叶目(Cyclophyllidea),例如:中殖孔绦虫属种(Mesocestoides spp.)、裸头绦虫属种(Anoplocephala spp.)、Paranoplocehala spp.、蒙尼绦虫属种(Moniezia spp.)、Thysanosoma spp.、曲子宫绦虫属种(Thysaniezia spp.)、无卵黄腺绦虫属种(Avitellinaspp.)、西里西亚绦虫属种(Stilesia spp.)、鸣绦虫属种(Cittotaenia spp.)、Andyraspp.、伯特绦虫属种(Bertiella spp.)、血寄生绦虫属种(Taenia spp.)、棘球绦虫属种(Echinococcus spp.)、泡尾绦虫属种(Hydatigera spp.)、代凡绦虫属种(Davaineaspp.)、方形绦虫属种(Raillietina spp.)、膜壳绦虫属种(Hymenolepis spp.)、棘鳞绦虫属种(Echinolepis spp.)、棘叶绦虫属种(Echinocotyle spp.)、双睾绦虫属种(Diorchisspp.)、犬复孔绦虫属种(Dipylidium spp.)、约优克斯绦虫属种(Joyeuxiella spp.)、复孔绦虫属种(Diplopylidium spp.)
吸虫:选自复殖亚纲(Digenea),例如:双穴吸虫属种(Diplostomum spp.)、茎穴吸虫属种(Posthodiplostomum spp.)、血吸虫属种(Schistosoma spp.)、毛血吸虫属种(Trichobilharzia spp.)、Ornithbilharzia spp.、澳毕吸虫属种(Austrobilharziaspp.)、巨毕吸虫属种(Gigantobilharzia spp.)、彩蚴吸虫属种(Leucochloridium spp.)、短咽类吸虫属种(Brachylaima spp.)、棘口吸虫(Echinostoma spp.)、棘缘吸虫属种(Echinoparyphium spp.)、棘隙吸虫属种(Echinochasmus spp.)、低颈吸虫属种(Hypoderaeum spp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciola spp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciolidesspp.)、姜片虫属种(Fasciolopsis spp.)、环腔吸虫属种(Cyclocoelum spp.)、盲腔吸虫属种(Typhlocoelum spp.)、同盘吸虫属种(Paramphistomum spp.)、杯殖吸虫属种(Calicophoron spp.)、殖盘吸虫属种(Cotylophoron spp.)、Gigantoctyle spp.、菲策吸虫(Fischoederius spp.)、Gastrothylacus spp.、背孔吸虫属种(Notocotylus spp.)、下弯吸虫属种(Catatropis spp.)、斜睾吸虫属种(Plagiorchis spp.)、前殖吸虫属种(Prosthogonimus spp.)、双腔吸虫属种(Dicrocoelium spp.)、阔盘吸虫属种(Eurytemaspp.)、隐孔吸虫属种(Troglotrema spp.)、并殖吸虫属种(Paragonimus spp.)、豆形肛瘤吸虫属种(Collyriclum spp.)、侏形吸虫属种(Nanophyetus spp.)、后睾吸虫属种(Opisthorchis spp.)、支睾吸虫属种(Clonorchis spp.)、次睾吸虫属种(Metorchisspp.)、异形吸虫属种(Heterophyes spp.)、后殖吸虫属种(Metagonimus spp.)
棘头虫纲(Acanthocephala):Oligacanthorhynchida目,例如巨吻丝虫属种(Macracanthorhynchus spp.)、前睾丝虫属种(Prosthenorchis spp.);多形目(Polymorphida),例如:细颈丝虫属种(Filicollis spp.);Moniliformida目,例如:念珠丝虫属种(Moniliformis spp.)
棘吻目(Echinorhynchida),例如,棘头虫属种(Acanthocephalus spp.)、鱼棘头虫属种(Echinorhynchus spp.)、Leptorhynchoides spp.
舌形动物门(Pentastoma):蛇舌状虫目(Porocephalida),例如舌虫属种(Linguatula spp.)
在兽医学领域和畜牧业,式(I)化合物的给药是以合适使用形式的形式用已知的方式,直接地或经肠内、不经肠道、经皮或经鼻实施。给药可以是预防性的或治疗性的。
式(I)的化合物在特定的浓度或施用率下可任选地用作除草剂、安全剂、生长调节剂或改善植物特性的试剂,用作杀微生物剂或杀配子剂,例如杀真菌剂、抗真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀病毒剂(包括抗类病毒的试剂)或作为抗MLO(类支原体生物体)和RLO(类立克次体生物体)的试剂。如果合适,它们也可用作合成其他活性化合物的中间体或前体。
制剂
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(I)的化合物的制剂以及由其制备的作为农药的施用形式(例如浸泡液、滴液和喷液)。在某些情况下,所述使用形式包含其他农药和/或改善作用的佐剂,例如渗透剂,如植物油(如油菜籽油、向日葵籽油)、矿物油(如液体石蜡)、植物脂肪酸烷基酯(如油菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯)或烷醇烷氧基化物和/或展着剂,例如烷基硅氧烷和/或盐类,其实例是有机或无机铵盐或磷盐(如硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵),和/或保持促进剂,如磺基丁二酸二辛基酯或羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物,和/或保湿剂,如甘油,和/或肥料,例如铵肥、钾肥或磷肥。
常规的制剂为例如水溶性液体(SL)、乳油(EC)、水相乳化物(EW)、悬浮浓缩物(SC、SE、FS、OD)、水分散颗粒剂(WG)、颗粒剂(GR)和胶囊浓缩物(CS);这些和其他可能的制剂形式被国际作物生命组织(Crop Life International)和以下文献描述:《农药规范》、《联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织关于规范农药的开发与使用手册》、《联合国粮农组织植物生产与保护文献-173》(由联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织关于农药规范的联合会议制订,2004,ISBN:9251048576)。除一种或多种的式(I)化合物以外,所述制剂可以任选地包含其他农业化学上的活性化合物。
所述制剂或使用形式优选地包含助剂,例如填充剂、溶剂、自发促进剂、载体、乳化剂、分散剂、防霜剂、杀生物剂、增稠剂和/或其他助剂,例如佐剂。在本文中,佐剂是一种增强制剂的生物学作用的组分,但是其本身不具有生物学作用。佐剂的实例为促进保持、扩散、附着到叶子表面或渗透的试剂。
这些制剂通过已知方法来制备,例如将式(I)的化合物与助剂混合而制备,所述助剂为例如填充剂、溶剂和/或固体载体和/或其他助剂,例如表面活性剂。制剂可在合适的设备中制备或者在施用前或施用过程中制备。
所使用的助剂可以是适于赋予式(I)化合物的制剂或由这些制剂制备的使用形式(例如,即用型农药,例如喷液或拌种产品)以独特特性(例如某种物理、技术和/或生物特性)的物质。
合适的填充剂是,例如,水、极性和非极性有机化学液体,例如芳香烃和非芳香烃(例如,石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇和多元醇(如果合适,还可被取代、醚化和/或酯化)、酮(例如,丙酮、环己酮)、酯(包括脂肪和油)和(聚)醚,未取代或取代的胺、酰胺、内酰胺(例如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)和内酯,砜和亚砜(例如,二甲基亚砜)。
如果使用的填充剂是水,还可以使用,例如,有机溶剂作为助溶剂。合适的液体溶剂主要有:芳族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘、氯化芳香烃和氯化脂肪烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷,脂肪烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,例如矿物油馏分;矿物油和植物油,醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯,酮,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮,强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜,以及水。
原则上,可以使用所有合适的溶剂。合适的溶剂为例如芳香烃,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘,氯化芳香烃或脂肪烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷,脂肪烃,例如环己烷、石蜡、矿物油馏分,矿物油和植物油,醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯,酮,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮,强极性溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜和水。
原则上,可以使用所有合适的载体。合适的载体特别包括:例如铵盐和粉碎的天然矿物质,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、绿坡缕石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及粉碎的合成矿物质,例如细分散的二氧化硅、矾土和天然或合成硅酸盐,树脂,蜡和/或固体肥料。同样可以使用所述载体的混合物。适合用于颗粒剂的载体包括:例如,压碎或分级的天然岩石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石、白云石,以及无机和有机粉料的合成颗粒,以及有机材料颗粒,例如锯屑、纸、椰子壳、玉米穗轴和烟草秸秆。
还可使用液化的气体填充剂或溶剂。特别合适的是在标准温度和大气压力下是气态的填充剂或载体,其实例是气溶胶喷射剂,例如卤化烃,以及丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。
具有离子或非离子特性的乳化剂和/或发泡剂、分散剂或润湿剂、或这些表面活性剂的混合物的实例为聚丙烯酸的盐、木素磺酸的盐、苯酚磺酸或萘磺酸的盐、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或脂肪酸或脂肪胺、取代苯酚(优选烷基苯酚或芳基苯酚)的缩聚物、磺基丁二酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(优选烷基牛磺酸)、聚乙氧基化醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯,以及包含硫酸盐、磺酸盐和磷酸盐的化合物的衍生物,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、蛋白质水解产物、木质素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。如果一种式(I)的化合物和/或一种惰性载体不溶于水,并且施用发生在水中,则表面活性物质的存在是有利的。
其他可存在于制剂及衍生自所述制剂的使用形式中的助剂为着色剂,例如无机颜料,其实例为氧化铁、氧化钛、普鲁士蓝,和有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料、金属酞菁染料,以及营养物和痕量营养物,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
可存在的其他组分为稳定剂,例如低温稳定剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂或改进化学和/或物理稳定性的其他试剂。也可存在发泡剂和消泡剂。
此外,制剂及衍生自所述制剂的使用形式还可包含胶粘剂作为另外的助剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,粉状、颗粒状或胶乳状的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯,以及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂。其他可能的助剂包括矿物油和植物油。
如果合适,还有其他可存在于制剂及衍生自制剂的使用形式的助剂。该添加剂的实例包括香料、保护性胶体、粘合剂、粘结剂、增稠剂、触变物质、渗透剂、保持促进剂、稳定剂、螯合剂、络合剂、保湿剂和展着剂。一般而言,式(I)的化合物可与任何通常用来制备制剂的固体或液体添加剂结合。
有用的保持促进剂包括所有降低动力学表面张力的那些物质,例如磺基丁二酸二辛基酯,或提高粘弹性的物质,例如羟丙基瓜尔胶聚合物。
本文中合适的渗透剂为通常用于增强活性农用化学活性化合物向植物渗透的所有的那些物质。在本文中,渗透剂的定义是,其能够从(通常为水相的)施用液体和/或从喷雾涂层穿过植物的角质层,从而增进活性化合物在角质层中的迁移的物质。此特性可通过文献(Baur等,1997,Pesticide Science 51,131-152)中描述的方法来确定。实例包括醇烷氧基化物,例如椰子脂肪乙氧基化物(10)或异十三烷基乙氧基化物(12),脂肪酸酯例如油菜籽油甲酯或大豆油甲酯、脂肪胺烷氧化物,例如牛脂胺乙氧基化物(15);或铵盐和/或鏻盐,例如硫酸铵或磷酸氢二铵。
所述制剂优选地包含基于制剂的重量计0.00000001重量%至98重量%的式(I)的化合物,更优选0.01重量%至95重量%的式(I)的化合物,最优选0.5重量%至90重量%的式(I)的化合物。
由制剂(尤其是农药)所制备的使用形式中式(I)的化合物含量可在宽的范围内变化。使用形式中式(I)化合物的浓度通常为基于使用形式的重量计0.00000001重量%至95重量%的式(I)化合物,优选0.00001重量%至1重量%。采取适合使用形式的常规方式进行施用。
混合物
也可将式(I)的化合物与一种或多种合适的杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀螺剂、杀线虫剂、杀昆虫剂、微生物剂、有益生物、除草剂、肥料、驱鸟剂、植物性毒素(phytotonics)、灭菌剂、安全剂、化学信息素和/或植物生长调节剂混合使用以例如拓宽作用谱、延长作用时间、提高作用速率、预防抗性或预防抗性的发展。此外,这类活性化合物的结合物可改善植物生长和/或对非生物因素的耐受性,例如对高温或低温、对干旱或高水含量或土壤含盐量的耐受性。也可改善开花和结果品质、优化发芽能力和根发育、促进收获和提高产量、影响成熟、提高采收产品的品质和/或提高其营养价值、延长采收产品的储存时间和/或改善其加工性。
此外,式(I)的化合物也可存在于含有其他活性化合物或化学信息素例如引诱剂和/或驱鸟剂和/或植物激活剂和/或生长调节剂和/或肥料的混合物中。同样地,式(I)的化合物可与改善植物特性(例如采收物的生长、产量和品质)的试剂混合使用。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,式(I)的化合物存在于制剂中或存在于由这些制剂与其他化合物(优选下文描述的那些)的混合物制备的使用形式中。
如果下文提及的一种化合物可出现不同的互变异构体形式,即使在每种情况下没有明确提及,也包括这些形式。
杀昆虫剂/杀螨剂/杀线虫剂
本文以其通用名称所示的活性化合物是已知的并且记载于例如《农药手册》(第16版,英国作物保护委员会2012)或者可在因特网中搜索(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)。
(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,例如
氨基甲酸酯类,例如,棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、克百威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、甲硫威(methiocarb)、灭多威(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、杀线威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC和灭杀威(xylylcarb);或有机磷酸酯类,例如,乙酰甲胺磷(acephate)、甲基吡恶磷(azamethiphos)、益棉磷(azinphos-ethyl)、保棉磷(azinphos-methyl)、、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪磷(diazinon)、敌敌畏/DDVP(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulphoton)、苯硫磷(EPN)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、噻唑磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、imicyafos、异柳磷(isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯(IsopropylO-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate)、恶唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、亚砜磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对硫磷(parathion)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、甲基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、胺丙畏(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(triclorfon)和蚜灭磷(vamidothion)。
(2)GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂类,例如
环戊二烯有机氯类,例如,氯丹(chlordane)和硫丹(endosulfan);或苯基吡唑(fiprole),例如,乙虫腈(ethiprole)、氟虫腈(fipronil)。
(3)钠通道调节剂/电压门控钠通道阻断剂,例如拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid),例如,氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、烯丙菊酯(allethrin)、(d-顺-反)烯丙菊酯(d-cis-transallethrin)、d-反式烯丙菊酯(d-trans allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、生物烯丙菊酯-S-环戊烯基异构体(bioallethrin S-cyclopentenylisomer)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氯菊酯(cyphenothrin)(1R-反式异构体)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)((EZ)-(1R)异构体)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、苄螨醚(halfenprox)、炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)、噻恩菊酯(kadethrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)((1R)-反式异构体)、右旋炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊素(除虫菊)(pyrethrins(pyrethrum))、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、胺菊酯(1R异构体)(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);或DDT;或甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor);
(4)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)激动剂类,例如新烟碱(neonicotinoids),例如,啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)或烟碱(nicotine)或砜虫啶(Sulfoxaflor);
(5)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构激活剂,例如多杀霉素类(spinosyns),例如乙基多杀霉素(spinetoram)和多杀菌素(spinosad);
(6)氯离子通道激活剂类,例如阿维菌素类(avermectins)/米尔贝霉素类(milbemycins),例如,阿维菌素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectinbenzoate)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)和米尔倍霉素(milbemycin);
(7)保幼激素模拟物,例如保幼激素类似物类,例如,烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、烯虫酯(methoprene)或苯氧威(fenoxycarb)或吡丙醚(pyriproxifen);
(8)具有未知或非特异性作用机制的活性化合物,例如烷基卤化物类,例如,溴甲烷(Methyl bromide)和其他烷基卤化物;或氯化苦(chloropicrin)或硫酰氟(sulfurylfluoride)或硼砂(borax)或吐酒石(tartar emetic);
(9)选择性拒食剂,例如吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)或氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);
(10)螨生长抑制剂类,例如四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)和氟螨嗪(diflovidazin)或乙螨唑(etoxazole);
(11)昆虫肠膜的微生物干扰剂,例如苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies israelensis)、球形芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(aizawai)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种(kurstaki)、苏云金芽孢杆菌拟步行甲亚种(tenebrionis),以及BT植物蛋白:Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry2Ab、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb、Cry34/35Ab1。
(12)氧化磷酸化抑制剂、ATP干扰剂,例如丁醚脲(diafenthiuron);或有机锡化合物,例如三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、苯丁锡(fenbutatin oxide);或炔螨特(propargite);或三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)。
(13)消除H质子梯度的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂,例如虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)、氟虫胺(sulfluramid)。
(14)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂,例如杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(cartaphydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocylam)和杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)。
(15)0型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,例如,双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlofluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、伏虫磷(teflubenzuron)和杀虫隆(triflumuron)。
(16)1型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,例如噻嗪酮(buprofezin)。
(17)蜕皮抑制剂(特别用于双翅目(Diptera),即双翅目昆虫(dipterans)),例如灭蝇胺(cyromazine)。
(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂,例如环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)和虫酰肼(tebufenozide)。
(19)章鱼胺能激动剂,例如双甲脒(amitraz)。
(20)复合体III电子转移抑制剂,例如灭蚁腙(hydramethylnone);或灭螨醌(acequinocyl)或嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)。
(21)复合体I电子转移抑制剂,例如METI杀螨剂类,例如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad);或鱼藤酮(rotenone(Derris))。
(22)电压门控钠通道阻断剂,例如茚虫威;或氰氟虫胺。
(23)乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,例如特窗酸和特特拉姆酸衍生物,例如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)和螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)。
(24)复合体IV电子转移抑制剂,例如膦类化合物,例如磷化铝(Aluminiumphosphide)、磷化钙(Calcium phosphide)、膦(Phosphine)、磷化锌(Zinc phosphide)或氰化物(Cyanide)。
(25)复合体II电子转移抑制剂类,例如唑螨氰(cyenopyrafen)和丁氟螨酯(Cyflumetofen)。
(28)兰诺定(ryanodine)受体调节剂类,例如,二酰胺类,例如氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)、溴氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)。
其他活性化合物,例如afidopyropen、印楝素(azadirachtin)、Benclothiaz、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、灭螨锰(chinomethionat)、冰晶石(Cryolite),
三氯杀螨醇(Dicofol)、氟螨嗪(Diflovidazin)、5-氯-2-[(3,4,4-三氟丁-3-烯-1-基)磺酰基]-1,3-噻唑(Fluensulfone)、flometoquin、嘧虫胺(Flufenerim)、氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin)、丁烯氟虫腈(Flufiprole)、氟吡菌酰胺(Fluopyram)、flupyradifurone、呋喃虫酰肼(Fufenozide)、heptafluthrin、氯噻啉(Imidaclothiz)、异菌脲(Iprodione)、氯氟醚菊酯(Meperfluthrin)、哌虫啶(paichongding)、pyflubumide、Pyrifluquinazon、pyriminostrobin、四氟醚菊酯(Tetramethylfluthrin)、碘甲烷(iodomethane);以及基于强固芽胞杆菌(Bacillus firmus)(I-1582,BioNem,Votivo)的产品,以及以下化合物:3-溴-N-{2-溴-4-氯-6-[(1-环丙基乙基)氨基甲酰基]苯基}-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5甲酰胺(已知于WO2005/077934)和1-{2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)亚磺酰基]苯基}-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(已知于WO2006/043635)、{1'-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-氟螺[吲哚-3,4'-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(已知于WO2003/106457)、2-氯-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-烯-1-基]哌啶-4-基}-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]异烟酰胺(已知于WO2006/003494)、3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-4-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-2-酮(已知于WO2009/049851)、3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1,8-二氮杂螺[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基-碳酸乙酯(已知于WO2009/049851)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(已知于WO2004/099160)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-基氧基)-6-(3-氯苯基)嘧啶(已知于WO2003/076415)、PF1364(CAS注册号1204776-60-2)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-{2-氧代-2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基]乙基}苯甲酰胺(已知于WO2005/085216)、4-{5-[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-N-{2-氧代-2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基]乙基}-1-萘甲酰胺(已知于WO2009/002809)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氯-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-甲基肼羧酸甲酯(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氰基-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-乙基肼羧酸甲酯(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)-5-氰基-3-甲基苯甲酰基]-2-甲基肼羧酸甲酯(已知于WO2005/085216)、2-[3,5-二溴-2-({[3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]羰基}氨基)苯甲酰基]-2-乙基肼羧酸甲酯(已知于WO2005/085216)、1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-N-[4-氰基-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-3-{[5-(三氟甲基)-2H-四唑-2-基]甲基}-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于WO2010/069502)、N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于CN102057925)、3-氯-N-(2-氰基丙-2-基)-N-[4-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙-2-基)-2-甲基苯基]邻苯二酰胺(已知于WO2012/034472)、8-氯-N-[(2-氯-5-甲氧基苯基)磺酰基]-6-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-甲酰胺(已知于WO2010/129500)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(1-氧化硫杂环丁烷-3-基)苯甲酰胺(已知于WO2009/080250)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(1-氧化硫杂环丁烷-3-基)苯甲酰胺(已知于WO2012/029672)、1-[(2-氯-1,3-噻唑-5-基)甲基]-4-氧代-3-苯基-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-1-鎓-2-酚盐(已知于WO2009/099929)、1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-4-氧代-3-苯基-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-1-鎓-2-酚盐(已知于WO2009/099929)、(5S,8R)-1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-9-硝基-2,3,5,6,7,8-六氢-1H-5,8-环氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吖庚因(已知于WO2010/069266)、(2E)-1-[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基]-N'-硝基-2-亚戊基肼甲脒(已知于WO2010/060231)、4-(3-{2,6-二氯-4-[(3,3-二氯丙-2-烯-1-基)氧基]苯氧基}丙氧基)-2-甲氧基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶(已知于CN101337940)、N-[2-(叔丁基氨基甲酰基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(已知于WO2008/134969)。
杀真菌剂
本文以其通用名称所示的活性化合物是已知的并且记载于例如《农药手册》或者在因特网中(例如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)。
(1)麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂,例如(1.1)4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、(1.2)氧环唑(azaconazole)、(1.3)联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、(1.4)糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、(1.5)环唑醇(cyproconazole)、(1.6)苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、(1.7)苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、(1.8)烯唑醇(diniconazole)、(1.9)M-烯唑醇(diniconazole-M)、(1.10)十二环吗啉(dodemorph)、(1.11)十二环吗啉乙酸盐(dodemorphacetate)、(1.12)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、(1.13)乙环唑(etaconazole)、(1.14)氯苯嘧啶醇(fenarimol)、(1.15)腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、(1.16)环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、(1.17)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、(1.18)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、(1.19)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.20)呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、(1.21)氟硅唑(flusilazole)、(1.22)粉唑醇(flutriafol)、(1.23)呋菌唑(furconazole)、(1.24)呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)、(1.25)己唑醇(hexaconazole)、(1.26)抑霉唑(imazalil)、(1.27)烯菌灵(imazalilsulfate)、(1.28)亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、(1.29)种菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.30)叶菌唑(metconazole)、(1.31)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、(1.32)萘替芬(naftifine)、(1.33)氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、(1.34)恶咪唑(oxpoconazole)、(1.35)多效唑(paclobutrazole)、(1.36)稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、(1.37)戊菌唑(penconazole)、(1.38)病花灵(piperalin)、(1.39)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、(1.40)丙环唑(propiconazole)、(1.41)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.42)稗草丹(pyributicarb)、(1.43)啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、(1.44)唑喹菌酮(quinconazole)、(1.45)硅氟唑(simeconazole)、(1.46)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.47)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、(1.48)特比萘芬(terbinafin)、(1.49)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、(1.50)三唑酮(triadimefon)、(1.51)三唑醇(triadimenol)、(1.52)十三吗啉(tridemorph)、(1.53)氟菌唑(triflumizole)、(1.54)嗪胺灵(triforine)、(1.55)灭菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.56)烯效唑(uniconazole)、(1.57)烯效唑-p(uniconazole-p)、(1.58)烯霜苄唑(viniconazole)、(1.59)伏立康唑(voriconazole)、(1.60)1-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)环庚醇、(1.61)1-(2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯、(1.62)N’-{5-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-4-[3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙氧基]苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.63)N-乙基-N-甲基-N’-{2-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-4-[3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙氧基]苯基}亚氨基甲酰胺和(1.64)O-[1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-基]-1H-咪唑-1-硫代羧酸酯、(1.65)啶菌噁唑(pyrisoxazole)。
(2)呼吸抑制剂(呼吸链抑制剂),例如(2.1)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.2)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、(2.3)萎锈灵(carboxin)、(2.4)二氟林(diflumetorim)、(2.5)甲呋酰胺(fenfuram)、(2.6)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、(2.7)氟酰胺(flutolanil)、(2.8)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.9)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、(2.10)拌种胺(furmecyclox)、(2.11)氟环唑(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS和反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.12)氟环唑(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构外消旋体)、(2.13)氟环唑(反式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9S)、(2.14)氟环唑(反式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9R)、(2.15)氟环唑(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.16)氟环唑(顺式差向异构对映异构体1R,4S,9R)、(2.17)氟环唑(顺式差向异构对映异构体1S,4R,9S)、(2.18)灭锈胺(mepronil)、(2.19)氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、(2.20)戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、(2.21)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、(2.22)环丙吡菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.23)噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)、(2.24)1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.25)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.26)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4-氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.27)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.28)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹唑啉-4-胺、(2.29)benzovindiflupyr、(2.30)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-羟甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和(2.31)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-羟甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.32)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.33)1,3,5-三甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.34)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.35)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.36)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.37)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.38)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.39)1,3,5-三甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.40)1,3,5-三甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.41)麦锈灵(benodanil)、(2.42)2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(2.43)isofetamid。
(3)作用于呼吸链的复合体III的呼吸抑制剂(呼吸链抑制剂),例如(3.1)辛唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、(3.2)吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、(3.3)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、(3.4)氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、(3.5)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.6)丁香菌酯(coumoxystrobin)、(3.7)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.8)烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、(3.9)噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、(3.10)咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、(3.11)flufenoxystrobin、(3.12)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.13)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.14)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.15)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.16)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.17)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、(3.18)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.19)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.20)吡菌苯威(pyribencarb)、(3.21)氯啶菌酯(triclopyricarb)、(3.22)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(3.23)(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基]氧基}苯基)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.24)(2E)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基}氨基)氧基]甲基}苯基)乙酰胺、(3.25)(2E)-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基}亚氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酰胺、(3.26)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.27)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-二氯苯基)丁-3-烯-2-亚基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.28)2-氯-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)吡啶-3-甲酰胺、(3.29)5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基}氨基)氧基]甲基}苯基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮、(3.30)(2E)-2-{2-[({环丙基[(4-甲氧基苯基)亚氨基]甲基}硫烷基)甲基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙-2-烯酸甲酯、(3.31)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基)-3-(甲酰基氨基)-2-羟基苯甲酰胺、(3.32)2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺。
(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,例如(4.1)苯菌灵(benomyl)、(4.2)多菌灵(carbendazim)、(4.3)苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)、(4.4)乙霉威(diethofencarb)、(4.5)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.6)氟啶酰菌胺(fluopicolid)、(4.7)麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、(4.8)戊菌隆(pencycuron)、(4.9)噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、(4.10)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.11)硫菌灵(thiophanate)、(4.12)和苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(4.13)5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和(4.14)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪。
(5)具有多位点活性的化合物,例如(5.1)波尔多液(Bordeaux mixture)、(5.2)敌菌丹(captafol)、(5.3)克菌丹(captan)、(5.4)百菌清(chlorothalonil)、(5.5)铜制剂,例如氢氧化铜、(5.6)环烷酸铜(copper naphthenate)、(5.7)氧化铜(copper oxide)、(5.8)氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)、(5.9)硫酸铜、(5.10)苯氟磺胺(dichlofluanid)、(5.11)二氰蒽醌(dithianone)、(5.12)多果定(dodine)、(5.13)多果定游离碱、(5.14)福美铁(ferbam)、(5.15)氟灭菌丹(fluorofolpet)、(5.16)灭菌丹(folpet)、(5.17)双胍辛盐(guazatine)、(5.18)双胍辛乙酸盐(guazatine acetate)、(5.19)双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)、(5.20)双胍辛烷基苯磺酸盐(iminoctadine albesilate)、(5.21)双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)、(5.22)代森锰铜(mancopper)、(5.23)代森锰锌(mancozeb)、(5.24)代森锰(maneb)、(5.25)代森联(metiram)、(5.26)代森联锌(metiramzinc)、(5.27)喹啉铜(copper-oxine)、(5.28)propamidin、(5.29)丙森锌(propineb)、(5.30)硫和硫制剂,例如多硫化钙(calcium polysulphide)、(5.31)福美双(thiram)、(5.32)甲苯氟磺胺(tolylfluanid)、(5.33)代森锌(zineb)、(5.34)福美锌(ziram)和(5.35)敌菌灵(anilazine)。
(6)抗性诱导剂,例如(6.1)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、(6.2)异噻菌胺(isotianil)、(6.3)烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、(6.4)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)和(6.5)海带多糖(laminarin)。
(7)氨基酸和蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,例如(7.1)、(7.2)灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、(7.3)嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、(7.4)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、(7.5)春雷霉素水合盐酸盐(kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate)、(7.6)嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)和(7.7)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、(7.8)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉和(7.9)土霉素(oxytetracycline)和(7.10)链霉素(streptomycin)。
(8)ATP产生抑制剂,例如(8.1)三苯基乙酸锡(fentin acetate)、(8.2)三苯基氯化锡(fentin chloride)、(8.3)毒菌锡(fentin hydroxide)和(8.4)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)。
(9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如(9.1)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、(9.2)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、(9.3)氟吗啉(flumorph)、(9.4)异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、(9.5)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、(9.6)多抗霉素(polyoxins)、(9.7)多氧霉素(polyoxorim)、(9.8)有效霉素(validamycin A)、(9.9)valifenalate和(9.10)polyoxin B。
(10)脂类和膜合成抑制剂,例如(10.1)联苯(biphenyl)、(10.2)地茂散(chloroneb)、(10.3)氯硝胺(dicloran)、(10.4)敌瘟磷(edifenphos)、(10.5)土菌灵(etridiazole)、(10.6)碘代丙炔基丁基甲胺酸酯(iodocarb)、(10.7)异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、(10.8)稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、(10.9)霜霉威(propamocarb)、(10.10)霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.11)硫菌威(prothiocarb)、(10.12)吡菌磷(pyrazophos)、(10.13)五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、(10.14)四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)和(10.15)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)。
(11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,例如(11.1)环丙酰菌胺(carpropamid)、(11.2)双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、(11.3)氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、(11.4)四氯苯酞(phthalide)、(11.5)咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、(11.6)三环唑(tricyclazole)和(11.7){3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氨基]丁-2-基}氨基甲酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯。
(12)核酸合成抑制剂,例如(12.1)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、(12.2)精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)(高效苯霜灵(kiralaxyl))、(12.3)乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)、(12.4)clozylacon、(12.5)二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)、(12.6)乙嘧酚(ethirimol)、(12.7)呋霜灵(furalaxyl)、(12.8)恶霉灵(hymexazol)、(12.9)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、(12.10)高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(精甲霜灵(mefenoxam))、(12.11)呋酰胺(ofurace)、(12.12)噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、(12.13)喹菌酮(oxolinic acid)和(12.14)辛噻酮(octhilinone)。
(13)信号转导抑制剂,例如(13.1)乙菌利(chlozolinate)、(13.2)拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、(13.3)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、(13.4)异菌脲(iprodione)、(13.5)腐霉利(procymidone)、(13.6)苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)、(13.7)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)和(13.7)丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)。
(14)能够用作解偶联剂(decoupler)的化合物,例如(14.1)乐杀螨(binapacryl)、(14.2)敌螨普(dinocap)、(14.3)嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、(14.4)氟啶胺(fluazinam)和(14.5)消螨多(meptyldinocap)。
(15)其它化合物,例如(15.1)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.2)bethoxazin、(15.3)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.4)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.5)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.6)pyriofenone(chlazafenone)、(15.7)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.8)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.9)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.10)cyprosulfamide、(15.11)棉隆(dazomet)、(15.12)咪菌威(debacarb)、(15.13)双氯酚(dichlorophen)、(15.14)哒菌酮(diclomezine)、(15.15)野燕枯(difenzoquat)、(15.16)野燕枯甲基硫酸酯(difenzoquat methylsulphate)、(15.17)二苯胺(diphenylamine)、(15.18)EcoMate、(15.19)fenpyrazamine、(15.20)氟酰菌胺(flumetover)、(15.21)唑呋草(fluoroimid)、(15.22)磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、(15.23)flutianil、(15.24)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.25)乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.26)乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.27)六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、(15.28)人间霉素(irumamycin)、(15.29)磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、(15.30)氰土灵(methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.31)苯菌酮(metrafenone)、(15.32)米多霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.33)多马霉素(natamycin)、(15.34)福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.35)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.36)辛噻酮(octhilinone)、(15.37)oxamocarb、(15.38)oxyfenthiin、(15.39)五氯酚(pentachlorophenol)及其盐、(15.40)苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、(15.41)磷酸及其盐、(15.42)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.43)propanosine-sodium、(15.44)吡吗啉(pyrimorph)、(15.45)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(15.46)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(15.47)硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolnitrin)、(15.48)异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.49)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.50)tolnifanide、(15.51)咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、(15.52)水杨菌胺(trichlamide)、(15.53)氰菌胺(zarilamid)、(15.54)(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-[({3-[(异丁酰基氧基)甲氧基]-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基}羰基)氨基]-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧壬环-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯、(15.55)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.56)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.57)1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酮、(15.58)1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-基1H-咪唑-1-羧基酯、(15.59)2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)吡啶、(15.60)2,3-二丁基-6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮、(15.61)2,6-二甲基-1H,5H-[1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c:5,6-c’]二吡咯-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-四酮、(15.62)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮、(15.63)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)乙酮、(15.64)2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-{4-[4-(5-苯基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基)-1,3-噻唑-2-基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮、(15.65)2-丁氧基-6-吲哚-3-丙基-4H-苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮、(15.66)2-氯-5-[2-氯-1-(2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基-1H-咪唑并-5-基]吡啶、(15.67)2-苯基苯酚及其盐、(15.68)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.69)3,4,5-三氯吡啶-2,6-二腈、(15.70)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(15.71)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(15.72)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.73)5-氯-N’-苯基-N’-(丙-2-炔-1-基)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、(15.74)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.75)5-氟-2-[(4-甲基苄基)氧基]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.76)5-甲基-6-辛基[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-胺、(15.77)乙基-(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸酯、(15.78)N’-(4-{[3-(4-氯苄基)-1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基]氧基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.79)N-(4-氯苄基)-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]丙酰胺、(15.80)N-[(4-氯苯基)(氰基)甲基]-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)苯基]丙酰胺、(15.81)N-[(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,4-二氯烟酰胺、(15.82)N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2,4-二氯烟酰胺、(15.83)N-[1-(5-溴-3-氯吡啶-2-基)乙基]-2-氟-4-碘烟酰胺、(15.84)N-{(E)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺、(15.85)N-{(Z)-[(环丙基甲氧基)亚氨基][6-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基]甲基}-2-苯基乙酰胺、(15.86)N'-{4-[(3-叔丁基-4-氰基-1,2-噻唑-5-基)氧基]-2-氯-5-甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.87)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.88)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.89)N-甲基-2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.90)戊基-{6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.91)吩嗪-1-羧酸、(15.92)喹啉-8-醇、(15.93)喹啉-8-醇硫酸酯(2:1)、(15.94){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯、(15.95)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.96)N-(4'-氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.97)N-(2',4'-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.98)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.99)N-(2',5'-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.100)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.101)5-氟-1,3-二甲基-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.102)2-氯-N-[4'-(丙-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]烟酰胺、(15.103)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.104)N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.105)3-(二氟甲基)-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.106)N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.107)2-氯-N-(4'-乙炔基联苯-2-基)烟酰胺、(15.108)2-氯-N-[4'-(3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]烟酰胺、(15.109)4-(二氟甲基)-2-甲基-N-[4'-(三氟甲基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰胺、(15.110)5-氟-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.111)2-氯-N-[4'-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]烟酰胺、(15.112)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.113)5-氟-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.114)2-氯-N-[4'-(3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁-1-炔-1-基)联苯-2-基]烟酰胺、(15.115)(5-溴-2-甲氧基-4-甲基吡啶-3-基)(2,3,4-三甲氧基-6-甲基苯基)甲酮、(15.116)N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔-1-基]氧基}-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]-N2-(甲基磺酰基)缬氨酰胺、(15.117)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.118)丁-3-炔-1-基{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧基)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.119)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构体形式:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-酮)、(15.120)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.121)1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.122)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.123)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.124)[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(15.125)(S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(15.126)(R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(15.127)2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.128)1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(15.129)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(15.130)2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.131)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.132)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.133)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(15.134)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(15.135)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(15.136)5-(烯丙基硫烷基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧乙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(15.137)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.138)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.139)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.140)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.141)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.142)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.143)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.144)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(15.145)2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲酰胺、(15.146)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.147)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.148)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.149)脱落酸、(15.150)3-(二氟甲基)-N-甲氧基-1-甲基-N-[1-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)丙-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.151)N’-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.152)N’-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.153)N’-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.154)N’-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.155)N’-{5-溴-6-[(顺式-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.156)N’-{5-溴-6-[(反式-4-异丙基环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.157)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.158)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.159)N-(2-叔丁基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.160)N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.161)N-(5-氯-2-异丙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.162)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.163)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.164)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.165)N-(2-环戊基-5-氟苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.166)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.167)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.168)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.169)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.170)N-(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.171)N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.172)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.173)N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.174)N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.175)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.176)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代酰胺、(15.177)3-(二氟甲基)-N-(7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.178)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.179)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(15.180)N'-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.181)N'-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(15.182)N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺。根据它们的官能团,如果其能形成盐,则在(1)至(15)中提及的所有混合物组分视情况可与合适的碱或酸形成盐。
作为混合组分的生物农药
式(I)的化合物可与生物农药结合。
生物农药包括特定的细菌、真菌、酵母菌、植物提取物和由微生物形成的产物,包括蛋白质和次级代谢产物。
生物农药包括细菌例如成孢细菌、根殖细菌和用作生物杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂或杀线虫剂的细菌。
用作或可用作生物农药的这种细菌的实例为:
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),菌株FZB42(DSM231179),或蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),尤其是蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株CNCM I-1562或坚硬芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus),菌株I-1582(登录号CNCM I-1582)或短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus),尤其是菌株GB34(登录号ATCC 700814)和菌株QST2808(登录号NRRL B-30087),或枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),尤其是菌株GB03(登录号ATCC SD-1397),或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713(登录号NRRL B-21661)或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株OST 30002(登录号NRRL B-50421)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),尤其是苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(血清型H-14),菌株AM65-52(登录号ATCC1276),或苏云金芽孢杆菌鲇泽亚种,尤其是菌株ABTS-1857(SD-1372),或苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种菌株HD-1,或苏云金芽孢杆菌拟步行甲亚种菌株NB 176(SD-5428),Pasteuria penetrans,巴斯德氏芽菌属种(Pasteuriaspp.)(肾形小盘旋(Rotylenchulus Reniformis)线虫)-PR3(登录号ATCC SD-5834),细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)菌株AQ6121(=QRD 31.013,NRRL B-50550),鲜黄链霉菌(Streptomyces galbus)菌株AQ 6047(登录号NRRL 30232)。
用作或可用作生物农药的真菌或酵母菌的实例为:
球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana),尤其是菌株ATCC 74040,盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans),尤其是菌株CON/M/91-8(登录号DSM-9660),Lecanicilliumspp.,尤其是菌株HRO LEC 12,蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicillium lecanii),(原名Verticilliumlecanii),尤其是菌株KV01,绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae),尤其是菌株F52(DSM3884/ATCC 90448),核果梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia fructicola),尤其是菌株NRRL Y-30752,玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)(新:玫烟色棒束孢(Isaria fumosorosea)),尤其是菌株IFPC 200613,或菌株Apopka 97(登录号ATCC 20874),淡紫色拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus),尤其是淡紫色拟青霉菌株251(AGAL 89/030550),黄色蠕形霉(Talaromyces flavus),尤其是菌株V117b,深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride),尤其是菌株SC1(登录号CBS 122089),哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum),尤其是哈茨木霉rifaiT39(登录号CNCM I-952)。
用作或可用作生物农药的病毒的实例为:
棉褐带卷蛾(Adoxophyes orana)(summer fruit tortrix)颗粒型病毒(GV),苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)(codling moth)颗粒型病毒(GV),棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)(cotton bollworm)核型多角体病毒(NPV),甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)(beet armyworm)mNPV,草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)(fall armyworm)mNPV,海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)(African cotton leafworm)NPV。
还包括作为“接种剂”接种植物或植物部位或植物器官的细菌和真菌,通过他们特定的性质来促进植物生长和植物健康。可提及的实例为:
土壤杆菌属种(Agrobacterium spp.)、茎瘤固氮根瘤菌(Azorhizobiumcaulinodans)、固氮螺菌属种(Azospirillum spp.)、固氮菌(Azotobacter spp.)、慢生根瘤菌属种(Bradyrhizobium spp.)、伯克氏菌属种(Burkholderia spp.),特别是洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia)(原名洋葱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas cepacia))、巨孢囊霉属种(Gigaspora spp.)或Gigaspora monosporum、球囊霉属种(Glomus spp.)、蜡蘑属种(Laccaria spp.)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)、类球囊霉属种(Paraglomusspp.)、Pisolithus tinctorus、假单胞菌属种(Pseudomonas spp.)、根瘤菌属种(Rhizobium spp.),特别是三叶草根瘤菌(Rhizobium trifolii)、须腹菌属种(Rhizopogonspp.)、硬皮马勃属种(Scleroderma spp.)、乳牛肝菌属种(Suillus spp.)、链霉菌属种(Streptomyces spp.)。
植物提取物和由微生物形成的产物的实例(包括蛋白质和次级代谢产物),用作或可用作生物农药的实例为:
大蒜(Allium sativum)、苦艾(Artemisia absinthium)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、Biokeeper WP、Cassia nigricans、苦皮藤(Celastrus angulatus)、Chenopodiumanthelminticum、几丁质、Armour-Zen、欧洲鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)、问荆(Equisetum arvense)、Fortune Aza、Fungastop、Heads Up(Chenopodium quinoa saponin提取物)、除虫菊(Pyrethrum)/除虫菊素(Pyrethrins)、Quassia amara、栎属种(Quercus)、皂树(Quillaja)、Regalia、"RequiemTM杀昆虫剂"、鱼藤酮(rotenone)、鱼尼丁(ryania)/利阿诺定(ryanodine)、聚合草(Symphytum officinale)、菊蒿(Tanacetum vulgare)、麝香草酚(thymol)、Triact 70、TriCon、旱金莲(Tropaeulum majus)、大荨麻(Urtica dioica)、藜芦碱(Veratrin)、桑寄生(Viscum album)、十字花科提取物(Brassicaceae extract),特别是油菜籽粉或芥菜粉。
作为混合组分的安全剂
式(I)的化合物可与安全剂结合,所述安全剂为例如解草嗪(benoxacor)、解草酯(cloquintocet)((解毒喹)-mexyl)、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、烯丙酰草胺(dichlormid)、解草唑(fenchlorazole)(-乙基)、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草安(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、双苯恶唑酸(isoxadifen)(-乙基)、吡唑解草酸(mefenpyr)(-二乙基)、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalicanhydride)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、2-甲氧基-N-({4-[(甲基氨基甲酰基)氨基]苯基}磺酰基)苯甲酰胺(CAS129531-12-0)、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(CAS71526-07-3)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷(CAS 52836-31-4)。
植物和植物部位
可根据本发明处理所有的植物和植物部位。在本文中,植物应理解为意指所有的植物和植物种群,例如想要的和不想要的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然产生的作物植物),例如谷类(小麦、稻、黑小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、甜菜、甘蔗、西红柿、豌豆和其他类型的蔬菜,棉花、烟草、油菜,以及水果植物(水果为苹果、梨、柑橘类水果和葡萄)。可种植通过常规育种和优化方法或通过生物技术和基因工程方法或这些方法的结合获得的作物植物包括转基因植物并包括受植物育种者权利保护的或不受保护的植物栽培种。植物部位应理解为意指植物在地上和地下的所有部位和器官,如芽、叶、花和根,其实例为叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、块茎和根茎。植物部位也包括采收材料和无性与有性繁殖材料,例如插枝、块茎、根茎、分株及种子。
使用式(I)的化合物对植物和植物部位直接进行本发明的处理或将化合物作用于其环境、生境或储存空间,通过常规处理方法进行,例如浸渍、喷雾、蒸发、雾化、撒粉、涂抹、注射且在为繁殖材料的情况下,尤其是在种子的情况下,也可通过施用一次或多次涂覆。
如上所述,所有植物及其部位均可根据本发明处理。在一个优选的实施方案中,对野生植物品种和植物栽培种、或通过常规生物育种方法例如杂交或原生质体融合获得的植物及其部位进行处理。在另一优选的实施方案中,对通过基因工程方法(如果合适与常规方法相结合)获得的转基因植物和植物栽培种(经遗传改造的生物体)及其部位进行处理。术语“部位”或“植物的部位”或“植物部位”如上所述。根据本发明,特别优选处理的植物为各自市售的常规植物栽培种或使用的那些。植物栽培种理解为意指具有新特性(“性状”)且已通过常规育种、通过突变或通过重组DNA技术生长的植物。它们可为栽培种、变种、生物型或基因型。
转基因植物、种子处理和整合事件
待根据本发明处理的优选的转基因植物或植物栽培种(通过基因工程获得的那些)包括通过遗传修饰而接受遗传物质的所有植物,所述遗传物质赋予这些植物特别有利的有用特性(“性状”)。这种特性的实例为更好的植物生长、提高对高温或低温的耐受性、提高对干旱、或对水或土壤含盐量的耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高采收收率、提高采收产品的品质和/或提高其营养价值、改善采收产品的储存时间和/或加工性。进一步且特别强调的这类特性的实例为通过例如植物中形成的毒素,尤其为在植物中通过来自苏云金芽孢杆菌(例如基因CryIA(a)、CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIIA、CryIIIA、CryIIIB2、Cry9c Cry2Ab、Cry3Bb和CryIF及其组合)的遗传物质产生的那些毒素,来增加植物对动物和微生物害虫(例如昆虫、蛛形纲动物、线虫、螨虫、蛞蝓和蜗牛)的抗性,以及通过例如系统获得性抗性(SAR)、系统素、植物抗毒素、诱导子和抗性基因以及相应表达的蛋白质和毒素来增加植物对植物致病真菌、细菌和/或病毒的抗性,以及增加植物对某些除草活性化合物,例如咪唑啉酮类、磺酰脲类、草甘膦和草丁膦的耐受性(例如“PAT”基因)。赋予所需特性(“性状”)的所述基因也可在转基因植物中相互结合。提及的转基因植物的实例包括重要的作物植物,例如谷类(小麦、稻、黑小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、甜菜、甘蔗、西红柿、豌豆和其他类型的蔬菜,棉花、烟草、油菜,以及水果植物(水果为苹果、梨、柑橘类水果和葡萄),特别强调的为玉米、大豆、小麦、稻、马铃薯、棉花、甘蔗、烟草和油菜。特别强调的特性(“性状”)为增加植物对昆虫、蛛形纲动物、线虫、蛞蝓和蜗牛的抗性。
作物保护——处理的类型
使用式(I)的化合物对植物和植物部位直接进行处理,或作用于其环境、生境或贮存空间,所述处理使用常规的处理方法进行,例如浸泡、喷雾、雾化、灌溉、蒸发、撒粉、成雾、播撒、发泡、涂层、分散、注射、浇水(浸湿)、滴灌溉,且在为繁殖材料的情况下,尤其是在种子的情况下,额外地通过干燥种子处理、液体种子处理,浆体处理、通过包壳、通过涂覆一层或多层涂层等。还可通过超低容量法施用式(I)的化合物或将施用形式或式(I)化合物本身注射入土壤中。
植物优选的直接处理为叶面施用,即将式(I)的化合物施用至叶子上,其中处理次数和施用率应根据感染所述害虫的水平进行调整。
在内吸性活性化合物的情况下,式(I)的化合物也可通过根系进入植物。所述植物然后通过将式(I)的化合物作用于植物的生境来进行处理。这例如可通过浸润,或通过将式(I)的化合物混入土壤中或营养液中来实现,这表示使用式(I)的化合物的液体形式来浸渍植物的生长地(如,土壤或水培系统),或通过土壤施用,这表示将固体形式(如颗粒的形式)的式(I)的化合物引入植物的生长地中。在水稻作物的情况下,这可通过将固体施用形式(例如颗粒剂)的式(I)的化合物计量加入灌溉过的稻田来实现。
种子处理
通过对植物的种子进行处理来防治动物害虫是长期已知的且是持续改进的主题。然而,种子处理仍涉及到一系列无法以令人满意的方式解决的问题。因此,有必要开发保护种子和发芽植物的方法,所述方法不需要、或至少显著减少在储存过程中、播种后或植物出苗后额外使用农药。此外,有必要优化所使用的活性化合物的量,以为种子和发芽植物提供尽可能好的保护,使其免受动物害虫的侵袭,但不会引起所用活性化合物对植物本身造成损害。特别地,处理种子的方法还应该考虑抗虫或耐虫的转基因植物固有的杀昆虫或杀线虫特性,以实现用最少量的农药获得对种子和发芽植物的最优保护。
因此,本发明还特别涉及一种通过用一种式(I)的化合物处理种子来保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫侵袭的方法。根据本发明用于保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫侵袭的方法还包含在一次操作中或连续地用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理种子的方法。本发明方法还包含在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理种子的方法。
本发明同样涉及式(I)的化合物用于处理种子以保护种子和其植物免受动物害虫侵害的用途。
本发明还涉及使用式(I)的化合物处理的种子,使其免受动物害虫侵害。本发明还涉及同时用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的种子。本发明还涉及在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的种子。在种子在不同时间用式(I)的化合物和混合组分处理的情况下,各种物质可存在于种子的不同层中。在这种情况下,包含式(I)的化合物和混合组分的层可任选地通过中间层进行分离。本发明也涉及将式(I)的化合物和混合组分作为涂层的一部分或作为除涂层之外的一种或多种其他层进行施用的种子。
本发明还涉及在用本发明的式(I)的化合物处理之后进行涂膜过程以防止灰尘磨损的种子。
式(I)化合物的内吸性作用的优势之一是,用其处理种子不仅为种子自身提供了免受动物害虫侵袭的保护,还为从种子生长出的植物在其出苗后提供了保护。这样,可不必在播种时或其后短时间内立即处理作物。
另一优势为使用式(I)的化合物处理种子可加快经处理种子的发芽和出苗。
同样被认为有利的是,式(I)的化合物还可特别地用于转基因种子。
此外,式(I)的化合物可同信号技术的试剂结合使用,使共生体(例如根瘤菌、菌根,和/或植物内生细菌或真菌)更好地定殖,和/或优化固氮作用。
式(I)的化合物适于保护用于农业、温室、林业或园艺的任何植物品种的种子。更具体而言,所述种子包括谷类(例如,小麦、大麦、黑麦、小米和燕麦)、玉米、棉花、大豆、稻、马铃薯、向日葵、咖啡豆、烟草、加拿大油菜(canola)、油菜、甜菜(例如,糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(例如,西红柿、黄瓜、豆、十字花科蔬菜、洋葱和莴苣)、水果植物、草坪和观赏植物的种子。特别重要的是处理谷类(例如小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦)、玉米、大豆、棉花、加拿大油菜、油菜和稻的种子。
如上所述,用式(I)的化合物处理转基因种子也是特别重要的。此处所述的种子是通常包含至少一种异源基因的植物的种子,所述异源基因控制多肽表达,特别是控制具有杀昆虫虫和/或杀线虫特性的多肽的表达。在转基因种子中的异源基因可源自微生物例如芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus)、根瘤菌属种(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属种(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属种(Serratia)、木霉属种(Trichoderma)、棒形杆菌属种(Clavibacter)、球囊霉属种(Glomus)或者粘帚霉属种(Gliocladium)。本发明特别适合用于包含至少一种源自芽孢杆菌属的异源基因的转基因种子的处理。所述异源基因更优选源自苏云金芽孢杆菌。
在本发明的上下文中,将式(I)的化合物施用于种子。优选在处理过程中种子没有损伤发生的足够稳定状态下处理种子。一般而言,种子可以在收获和播种之间的任何时候处理。通常,所用的种子是从植物中分离出而且已经除去穗轴、壳、茎、荚、毛或果肉。因此,例如可使用收获后,经清洁和干燥低至适于储存的水含量的种子。或者,也可使用干燥后例如用水处理并然后再干燥(例如引发(priming))的种子。
一般而言,当处理种子时,必须确保施用于种子上的式(I)的化合物和/或其他添加剂的量选择为使种子的萌芽不被损害,或由此种子发芽的植物不被损伤。特别是在一定施用率时可表现出植物毒性作用的活性成分的情况。
一般而言,将式(I)的化合物以合适的制剂的形式施用于种子。合适的制剂和用于种子处理的方法对于本领域里的技术人员来说是已知的。
可将式(I)的化合物转化为常规的拌种制剂,如溶液剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、泡沫剂、浆剂或其他种子包衣组合物,以及ULV制剂。
这些制剂用已知方法通过将式(I)的化合物与常规添加剂混合制备,所述添加剂为例如常规填充剂以及溶剂或稀释剂、着色剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、胶粘剂、赤霉素以及水。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的着色剂为常规用于此目的的所有着色剂。可使用微溶于水的颜料和溶于水的染料。实例包括已知的命名为若丹明B(RhodamineB)、C.I.颜料红112和C.I.溶剂红1的着色剂。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的润湿剂为促进润湿且常规用于活性农用化学化合物制剂中的所有物质。优选使用烷基萘磺酸盐,如二异丙基萘磺酸盐或二异丁基萘磺酸盐。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的合适的分散剂和/或乳化剂为常规用于活性农用化学化合物制剂中的所有非离子、阴离子或阳离子分散剂。优选使用非离子或阴离子分散剂,或非离子或阴离子分散剂的混合物。合适的非离子分散剂特别包括环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段聚合物、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚和三苯乙烯基酚聚乙二醇醚,及其磷酸化或硫酸化衍生物。合适的阴离子分散剂特别为木素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐和芳基磺酸盐-甲醛缩合物。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的消泡剂为常规用于活性农用化学化合物制剂中的所有抑制泡沫的物质。优选使用硅酮消泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的防腐剂为可在农用化学组合物中用于此目的的所有物质。实例包括二氯酚和苄醇半缩甲醛。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的二次增稠剂为在农用化学组合物中可以用于此目的的所有物质。优选的实例包括纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土以及高度分散的二氧化硅。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的有用的胶粘剂为可用于拌种产品中的所有常规粘合剂。优选的实例包括聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素(tylose)。
可存在于可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂中的赤霉素优选为赤霉素A1、A3(=赤霉酸)、A4和A7;特别优选使用赤霉酸。赤霉素是已知的(参见R.Wegler,“Chemie derPflanzenschutz-und”,第2卷,Springer Verlag,1970,第401-412页)。
可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂可以直接用于或用水稀释后用于处理各种不同的种子。例如,浓缩液或通过用水稀释由其获得的制剂可用于对以下植物的种子进行拌种:谷物,如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和黑小麦、以及玉米、稻、油菜、豌豆、菜豆、棉花、向日葵和甜菜以及各种不同的蔬菜种子。可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或其稀释的使用形式也可用于转基因植物的拌种。
对于用可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或用由其制备的使用形式处理种子而言,可使用所有常用于拌种的混合设备。更具体而言,拌种的过程是将种子置于分批或连续操作的混合机内、加入特定所需量的拌种制剂——以其本身或预先以水稀释后——并进行混合直至制剂在种子上分布均匀。如果合适,之后可进行干燥操作。
可根据本发明使用的拌种制剂的施用率可在相对宽的范围内变化。施用率由制剂中的式(I)化合物的具体量和种子决定。式(I)化合物的施用率通常在0.001-50g/kg种子的范围内,优选在0.01-15g/kg种子的范围内。
动物健康
在动物健康领域,即在兽医学领域,式(I)的化合物对于动物寄生虫、特别是外寄生虫或内寄生虫具有活性。术语“内寄生虫”特别包括蠕虫和原生动物,如球虫目(coccidia)。外寄生虫通常且优选为节肢动物,尤其是昆虫和蜱类。
在兽医学领域中,具有有利的温血动物毒性的式(I)的化合物适合于在家畜、繁育动物、动物园动物、实验室动物、实验动物和家养动物中防治在动物繁育和动物畜牧中出现的寄生虫。它们对寄生虫发育的所有或特定阶段具有活性。
农业家畜包括,例如,哺乳动物,如绵羊、山羊、马、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔、驯鹿、扁角鹿,尤其是牛和猪;家禽如火鸡、鸭、鹅,尤其是鸡;如水产养殖中的鱼类和贝壳类;以及昆虫如蜜蜂。
饲养动物包括例如哺乳动物,如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠、毛丝鼠、雪貂,且特别为狗、猫、笼鸟、爬行动物、两栖动物和观赏鱼。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将式(I)的化合物施用于哺乳动物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,将式(I)的化合物施用于鸟,即笼中鸟且特别为家禽。
使用式(I)的化合物来防治动物寄生虫,旨在减少或预防疾病、死亡病例和性能下降(在肉、奶、毛、皮、蛋、蜜等的情况下),从而使得动物饲养更经济且更简单,并可实现更好的动物健康。
关于动物健康领域,术语“防治”表示式(I)的化合物能有效地将感染特定寄生虫的动物中的该寄生虫的发生率降低至无害的程度。更具体而言,在本文中的“防治”意指式(I)的化合物可杀死各寄生虫、抑制其生长,或抑制其增殖。
节肢动物包括:
虱目(Anoplurida),例如血虱属种(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属种(Linognathusspp.)、虱属种(Pediculus spp.)、Phtirus属种、管虱属种(Solenopotes spp.);食毛目(Mallophagida)和钝角亚目(Amblycerina)和丝角亚目(Ischnocerina),例如毛羽虱属种(Trimenopon spp.)、禽虱属种(Menopon spp.)、巨羽虱属种(Trinoton spp.)、牛羽虱属种(Bovicola spp.)、Werneckiella属种、Lepikentron属种、畜虱属种(Damalina spp.)、嚼虱属种(Trichodectes spp.)、猫虱属种(Felicola spp.);双翅目(Diptera)和长角亚目(Nematocerina)和短角亚目(Brachycerina),例如伊蚊属种(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属种(Anopheles spp.)、库蚊属种(Culex spp.)、蚋属种(Simulium spp.)、真蚋属种(Eusimulium spp.)、白蛉属种(Phlebotomus spp.)、罗蛉属种(Lutzomyia spp.)、库蠓属种(Culicoides spp.)、斑虻属种(Chrysops spp.)、短蚋属种(Odagmia spp.)、维蚋属种(Wilhelmia spp.)、瘤虻属种(Hybomitra spp.)、黄虻属种(Atylotus spp.)、虻属种(Tabanus spp.)、麻虻属种(Haematopota spp.)、Philipomyia属种、蜂虱蝇属种(Braulaspp.)、家蝇属种(Musca spp.)、齿股蝇属种(Hydrotaea spp.)、螫蝇属种(Stomoxysspp.)、角蝇属种(Haematobia spp.)、莫蝇属种(Morellia spp.)、厕蝇属种(Fanniaspp.)、舌蝇属种(Glossina spp.)、丽蝇属种(Calliphora spp.)、绿蝇属种(Luciliaspp.)、金蝇属种(Chrysomyia spp.)、污蝇属种(Wohlfahrtia spp.)、麻蝇属种(Sarcophaga spp.)、狂蝇属种(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属种(Hypoderma spp.)、胃蝇属种(Gasterophilus spp.)、虱蝇属种(Hippobosca spp.)、羊虱蝇属种(Lipoptena spp.)、蜱蝇属种(Melophagus spp.)、鼻狂蝇属种(Rhinoestrus spp.)、大蚊属种(Tipula spp.);蚤目(Siphonapterida),例如蚤属种(Pulex spp.)、栉头蚤属种(Ctenocephalides spp.)、潜蚤属种(Tunga spp.)、客蚤属种(Xenopsylla spp.)、角叶蚤属种(Ceratophyllus spp.);
异翅目(Heteropterida),例如臭虫属种(Cimex spp.)、锥蝽属种(Triatomaspp.)、红猎蝽属种(Rhodnius spp.)、攀锥蝽属种(Panstrongylus spp.);以及来自蜚蠊目(Blattarida)的公害和卫生害虫。
节肢动物还包括:
蜱螨亚纲(Acari)(Acarina)和后气门目(Metastigmata),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)如锐缘蜱属种(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属种(Ornithodorus spp.)、残喙蜱属种(Otobius spp.),硬蜱科(Ixodidae)如硬蜱属种(Ixodes spp.)、花蜱属种(Amblyommaspp.)、扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalus)(牛蜱属种(Boophilus spp.))、革蜱属种(Dermacentor spp.)、血蜱属种(Haemophysalis spp.)、璃眼蜱属种(Hyalomma spp.)、扇头蜱属种(Rhipicephalus spp.)(多宿主蜱的原属种);中气门目(Mesostigmata)如皮刺螨属种(Dermanyssus spp.)、禽刺螨属种(Ornithonyssus spp.)、肺刺螨属种(Pneumonyssusspp.)、刺利螨属种(Raillietia spp.)、肺刺螨属种(Pneumonyssus spp.)、胸刺螨属种(Sternostoma spp.)、蜂螨属种(Varroa spp.)、蜂盾螨属种(Acarapis spp.);辐螨目(Actinedida)(前气门目(Prostigmata)),例如蜂盾螨属种(Acarapis spp.)、姬螯螨属种(Cheyletiella spp.)、禽螯螨属种(Ornithocheyletia spp.)、肉螨属种(Myobia spp.)、疮螨属种(Psorergates spp.)、蠕形螨属种(Demodex spp.)、恙螨属种(Trombiculaspp.)、Neotrombiculla属种、Listrophorus属种;和粉螨目(Acaridida)(无气门目(Astigmata)),例如粉螨属种(Acarus spp.)、食酪螨属种(Tyrophagus spp.)、嗜木螨属种(Caloglyphus spp.)、颈下螨属种(Hypodectes spp.)、翅螨属种(Pterolichus spp.)、痒螨属种(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属种(Chorioptes spp.)、耳疥螨属种(Otodectes spp.)、疥螨属种(Sarcoptes spp.)、耳螨属种(Notoedres spp.)、鸟疥螨属种(Knemidocoptesspp.)、气囊螨属种(Cytodites spp.)、鸡雏螨属种(Laminosioptes spp.)。
寄生性原生动物包括:
鞭毛纲(Mastigophora(Flagellata)),例如,锥虫科(Trypanosomatidae),例如,布氏锥虫(Trypanosoma b.brucei)、布氏冈比亚锥虫(T.b.gambiense)、罗德森锥虫(T.b.rhodesiense)、布氏罗得西亚锥虫(T.congolense)、克鲁兹锥虫(T.cruzi)、伊氏锥虫(T.evansi)、马锥虫(T.equinum)、路易斯锥虫(T.lewisi)、鲈鱼锥虫(T.percae)、猿猴锥虫(T.simiae)、活跃锥虫(T.vivax)、巴西利什曼原虫(Leishmania brasiliensis)、多氏利什曼原虫(L.donovani)、热带利什曼原虫(L.tropica),例如毛滴虫科(Trichomonadidae),例如兰伯贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia lamblia)、犬贾第鞭毛虫(G.canis)。
肉鞭毛虫亚门(Sarcomastigophora)(根足总纲(Rhizopoda)),例如内阿米巴科(Entamoebidae),例如痢疾内阿米巴(Entamoeba histolytica)、哈氏虫科(Hartmanellidae),例如棘变形虫属种(Acanthamoeba sp.)、哈氏虫属种(Harmanellasp.)。
顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)(孢子纲(Sporozoa)),例如艾美虫科(Eimeridae),例如堆形艾美虫(Eimeria acervulina)、腺样艾美虫(E.adenoides)、阿拉巴马艾美虫(E.alabamensis)、鸭艾美虫(E.anatis)、鹅艾美虫(E.anserina)、阿氏艾美虫(E.arloingi)、阿洛尼氏艾美虫(E.ashata)、奥本艾美虫(E.auburnensis)、牛艾美虫(E.bovis)、布氏艾美虫(E.brunetti)、犬艾美虫(E.canis)、美栗鼠艾美虫(E.chinchillae)、鱼艾美虫(E.clupearum)、鸽艾美虫(E.columbae)、E.contorta、槌状艾美虫(E.crandalis)、德氏艾美虫(E.debliecki)、散布艾美虫(E.dispersa)、椭圆艾美虫(E.ellipsoidales)、镰刀形艾美虫(E.falciformis)、福氏艾美虫(E.faurei)、黄色艾美虫(E.flavescens)、孔雀艾美虫(E.gallopavonis)、哈氏艾美虫(E.hagani)、肠艾美虫(E.intestinalis)、E.iroquoina、无残艾美虫(E.irresidua)、唇艾美虫(E.labbeana)、勒氏艾美虫(E.leucarti)、大型艾美虫(E.magna)、巨型艾美虫(E.maxima)、中型艾美虫(E.media)、珠鸡艾美虫(E.meleagridis)、火鸡和缓艾美虫(E.meleagrimitis)、和缓艾美虫(E.mitis)、毒害艾美虫(E.necatrix)、雅氏艾美虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、羊艾美虫(E.ovis)、小型艾美虫(E.parva)、孔雀艾美虫(E.pavonis)、穿孔艾美虫(E.perforans)、E.phasani、梨形艾美虫(E.piriformis)、早熟艾美虫(E.praecox)、E.residua、粗糙艾美虫(E.scabra)、E.spec.、斯氏艾美虫(E.stiedai)、猪艾美虫(E.suis)、禽艾美虫(E.tenella)、树艾美虫(E.truncata)、特鲁特艾美虫(E.truttae)、邱氏艾美虫(E.zuernii)、格洛虫属种(Globidium spec.),贝氏等孢球虫(Isospora belli)、犬等孢球虫(I.canis)、猫等孢球虫(I.felis)、俄亥俄等孢球虫(I.ohioensis)、芮氏等孢球虫(I.rivolta)、等孢球虫属种(I.spec.)、猪等孢球虫(I.suis)、囊等孢虫属种(Cystisospora spec.)、隐孢子虫属种(Cryptosporidium spec.),特别是C.parvum;例如弓形虫科(Toxoplasmadidae),例如鼠弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)、Hammondiaheydornii、Neospora caninum、贝斯虫(Besnoitia besnoitii);例如肉孢子虫科(Sarcocystidae),例如牛犬肉孢子虫(Sarcocystis bovicanis)、牛人肉孢子虫(S.bovihominis)、羊犬肉孢子虫(S.ovicanis)、羊猫肉孢子虫(S.ovifelis)、S.neurona、肉孢子虫属种(S.spec.)、猪人肉孢子虫(S.suihominis)例如Leucozoidae,例如Leucozytozoon simondi,例如症原虫科(Plasmodiidae),例如伯氏鼠症原虫(Plasmodiumberghei)、镰状症原虫(P.falciparum)、三日症原虫(P.malariae)、卵形症原虫(P.ovale)、间日症原虫(P.vivax),症原虫属种(P.spec.),例如焦虫纲(Piroplasmea),例如阿根廷巴贝虫(Babesia argentina)、牛巴贝虫(B.bovis)、犬巴贝虫(B.canis)、巴贝虫属种(B.spec.)、泰勒原虫(Theileria parva),泰勒虫属种(Theileria spec.),例如匿虫亚目(Adeleina),例如犬肝簇虫(Hepatozoon canis)、肝簇虫属种(H.spec.)。
病原性内寄生虫,其为蠕虫(helminth),包括扁形动物(例如单殖亚纲(Monogenea)、绦虫(Cestode)和吸虫(Trematode))、线虫、棘头虫纲(Acanthocephala)和舌形动物门(Pentastoma)。其他蠕虫包括:
单殖亚纲:例如三代虫属种(Gyrodactylus spp.)、指环虫(Dactylogyrus spp.)、多盘吸虫属种(Polystoma spp.)。
绦虫:假叶目(Pseudophyllidea),例如:裂头绦虫属种(Diphyllobothriumspp.)、迭宫绦虫属种(Spirometra spp.)、裂头属种(Schistocephalus spp.)、舌状绦虫属种(Ligula spp.)、吸叶绦虫属种(Bothridium spp.)、复殖孔属种(Diplogonoporusspp.);
圆叶目(Cyclophyllidea),例如:中殖孔绦虫属种(Mesocestoides spp.)、拟裸头绦虫属种(Anoplocephala spp.)、副裸头绦虫属种(Paranoplocehala spp.)、蒙尼绦虫属种(Moniezia spp.)、Thysanosoma属种、曲子宫绦虫属种(Thysaniezia spp.)、无卵黄腺绦虫属种(Avitellina spp.)、西里西亚绦虫属种(Stilesia spp.)、锡带绦虫属种(Cittotaenia spp.)、Andyra属种、伯特绦虫属种(Bertiella spp.)、带绦虫属种(Taeniaspp.)、棘球绦虫属种(Echinococcus spp.)、泡尾绦虫属种(Hydatigera spp.)、戴维绦虫属种(Davainea spp.)、瑞利绦虫属种(Raillietina spp.)、膜壳绦虫属种(Hymenolepisspp.)、棘鳞绦虫属种(Echinolepis spp.)、棘叶绦虫属种(Echinocotyle spp.)、双睾绦虫属种(Diorchis spp.)、犬复孔绦虫属种(Dipylidium spp.)、约优克斯绦虫属种(Joyeuxiella spp.)、复孔绦虫属种(Diplopylidium spp.);
吸虫:选自复殖亚纲(Digenea),例如:双穴吸虫属种(Diplostomum spp.)、茎双穴吸虫属种(Posthodiplostomum spp.)、血吸虫属种(Schistosoma spp.)、毛毕吸虫属种(Trichobilharzia spp.)、鸟毕吸虫属种(Ornithobilharzia spp.)、澳毕吸虫属种(Austrobilharzia spp.)、巨毕吸虫属种(Gigantobilharzia spp.)、彩蚴吸虫属种(Leucochloridium spp.)、短咽吸虫属种(Brachylaima spp.)、棘口吸虫属种(Echinostoma spp.)、棘缘吸虫属种(Echinoparyphium spp.)、棘隙吸虫属种(Echinochasmus spp.)、低颈吸虫属种(Hypoderaeum spp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciolaspp.)、片形吸虫属种(Fasciolides spp.)、姜片吸虫属种(Fasciolopsis spp.)、环腔吸虫属种(Cyclocoelum spp.)、盲腔吸虫属种(Typhlocoelum spp.)、同盘吸虫属种(Paramphistomum spp.)、杯殖吸虫属种(Calicophoron spp.)、殖盘吸虫属种(Cotylophoron spp.)、巨盘吸虫属种(Gigantoctyle spp.)、菲策吸虫(Fischoederiusspp.)、腹袋吸虫属种(Gastrothylacus spp.)、背孔吸虫属种(Notocotylus spp.)、下弯吸虫属种(Catatropis spp.)、斜睾吸虫属种(Plagiorchis spp.)、前殖吸虫属种(Prosthogonimus spp.)、双腔吸虫属种(Dicrocoelium spp.)、阔盘吸虫属种(Eurytemaspp.)、鲑吸虫属种(Troglotrema spp.)、并殖吸虫属种(Paragonimus spp.)、肛瘤吸虫属种(Collyriclum spp.)、小叶吸虫属种(Nanophyetus spp.)、后睾吸虫属种(Opisthorchisspp.)、支睾吸虫属种(Clonorchis spp.)、次睾吸虫属种(Metorchis spp.)、异形吸虫属种(Heterophyes spp.)、后殖吸虫属种(Metagonimus spp.);
线虫:毛线科(Trichinellida),例如:鞭虫属种(Trichuris spp.)、毛细线虫属种(Capillaria spp.)、Trichomosoides属种、旋毛虫属种(Trichinella spp.);
垫刃目(Tylenchida),例如:细丝鲶属种(Micronema spp.)、粪圆线虫属种(Strongyloides spp.);
小杆目(Rhabditina),例如:圆线虫属种(Strongylus spp.)、三齿属种(Triodontophorus spp.)、食道齿属种(Oesophagodontus spp.)、毛线属种(Trichonemaspp.)、辐首属种(Gyalocephalus spp.)、柱咽属种(Cylindropharynx spp.)、盂口属种(Poteriostomum spp.)、Cyclococercus属种、杯冠属种(Cylicostephanus spp.)、食道口属种(Oesophagostomum spp.)、夏伯特线虫属种(Chabertia spp.)、冠尾属种(Stephanurus spp.)、钩虫属种(Ancylostoma spp.)、弯口属种(Uncinaria spp.)、仰口线虫属种(Bunostomum spp.)、球首属种(Globocephalus spp.)、比翼属种(Syngamus spp.)、Cyathostoma属种、后圆线虫属种(Metastrongylus spp.)、网尾线虫属种(Dictyocaulusspp.)、缪勒线虫属种(Muellerius spp.)、原圆线虫属种(Protostrongylus spp.)、新圆线虫属种(Neostrongylus spp.)、囊尾线虫属种(Cystocaulus spp.)、肺圆属种(Pneumostrongylus spp.)、Spicocaulus属种、鹿圆线虫属种(Elaphostrongylus spp.)、副鹿圆线虫属种(Parelaphostrongylus spp.)、环体线虫属种(Crenosoma spp.)、Paracrenosoma属种、血管圆线虫属种(Angiostrongylus spp.)、猫圆线虫属种(Aelurostrongylus spp.)、类丝虫属种(Filaroides spp.)、Parafilaroides属种、毛圆线虫属种(Trichostrongylus spp.)、血矛线虫属种(Haemonchus spp.)、奥斯特线虫属种(Ostertagia spp.)、马歇尔线虫属种(Marshallagia spp.)、古柏线虫属种(Cooperiaspp.)、细颈线虫属种(Nematodirus spp.)、猪圆线虫属种(Hyostrongylus spp.)、Obeliscoides属种、裂口线虫属种(Amidostomum spp.)、盘头线虫属种(Ollulanus spp.);
旋尾目(Spirurida),例如:尖尾线虫属种(Oxyuris spp.)、蛲虫属种(Enterobiusspp.)、栓尾线虫属种(Passalurus spp.)、管状线虫属种(Syphacia spp.)、无刺属种(Aspiculuris spp.)、异刺线虫属种(Heterakis spp.);蛔虫属种(Ascaris spp.)、弓蛔虫属种(Toxascaris spp.)、弓首线虫属种(Toxocara spp.)、贝蛔虫属种(Baylisascarisspp.)、副蛔虫属种(Parascaris spp.)、异尖线虫属种(Anisakis spp.)、禽蛔虫属种(Ascaridia spp.);颚口线虫属种(Gnathostoma spp.)、泡翼线虫属种(Physalopteraspp.)、吸吮线虫属种(Thelazia spp.)、筒线虫属种(Gongylonema spp.)、柔线虫属种(Habronema spp.)、副柔线属种(Parabronema spp.)、Draschia属种、龙线虫属种(Dracunculus spp.);冠丝虫属种(Stephanofilaria spp.)、副丝虫属种(Parafilariaspp.)、腹腔丝虫属种(Setaria spp.)、罗阿线虫属种(Loa spp.)、恶丝虫属种(Dirofilaria spp.)、类平滑丝虫属种(Litomosoides spp.)、布鲁线虫属种(Brugiaspp.)、吴策线虫属种(Wuchereria spp.)、盘尾丝虫属种(Onchocerca spp.)
棘头虫纲(Acanthocephala):寡棘吻目(Oligacanthorhynchida),例如:巨吻丝虫属种(Macracanthorhynchus spp.)、前睾丝虫种(Prosthenorchis spp.);多形目(Polymorphida),例如:细颈丝虫属种(Filicollis spp.);念珠属种(Moniliformida),例如:念珠丝虫属种(Moniliformis spp.);
棘吻目(Echinorhynchida),例如,棘头虫属种(Acanthocephalus spp.)、鱼棘头虫属种(Echinorhynchus spp.)、鳞棘头虫属种(Leptorhynchoides spp.);
舌形动物门(Pentastoma):舌形虫目(Porocephalida),例如舌形虫属种(Linguatula spp.)。
在兽医学领域和畜牧业中,式(I)的化合物通过本领域已知的常规方法以合适制剂的形式例如经肠内、不经肠道、皮肤或鼻腔途径进行给药。可预防性的或治疗性的进行给药。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及式(I)的化合物作为药物的用途。
另一方面涉及式(I)的化合物作为抗内寄生虫的试剂,尤其是杀蠕虫剂(helminthicidal agent)或抗原生动物剂的用途。式(I)的化合物适于在例如动物繁育、畜牧业、动物圈养(animal houses)和卫生领域中用作抗内寄生虫的试剂,特别是作为杀蠕虫剂或抗原生动物剂。
另一方面还涉及式(I)的化合物作为抗体外寄生虫,尤其是杀节肢动物如杀昆虫剂或杀螨剂的用途。另一方面涉及式(I)的化合物在例如畜牧业、动物繁育、动物圈养或卫生领域中用作抗体外寄生虫的试剂,尤其是杀节肢动物的试剂如杀昆虫剂或杀螨剂的用途。
抗蠕虫的混合组分
可提及的实例为以下抗蠕虫的混合组分:
抗蠕虫的活性化合物包括杀吸虫和杀绦虫活性化合物:
大环内酯类,例如:阿维菌素(abamectin)、多拉菌素(doramectin)、埃玛菌素(emamectin)、依立诺克丁(eprinomectin)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、米尔倍霉素(milbemycin)、莫西菌素(moxidectin)、奈马克丁(nemadectin)、塞拉菌素(selamectin);
苯并咪唑和probenzimidazoles:例如:阿苯达唑(albendazole)、阿苯达唑亚砜(albendazole-sulfoxide)、坎苯达唑(cambendazole)、环苯达唑(cyclobendazole)、非班太尔(febantel)、芬苯达唑(fenbendazole)、氟苯达唑(flubendazole)、甲苯咪唑(mebendazole)、萘托比胺(netobimin)、奥吩达唑(oxfendazole)、奥苯达唑(oxibendazole)、丁苯咪唑(parbendazole)、噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole)、硫菌灵(thiophanate)、三氯苯咪唑(triclabendazole);
Cyclooctadepsipeptides,例如:emodepside、PF1022;
氨基乙腈衍生物,例如:monepantel;
四氢嘧啶类,例如:莫仑太尔(morantel)、噻嘧啶(pyrantel)、奥克太尔(oxantel);
咪唑并噻唑类,例如:布他咪唑(butamisole)、左旋咪唑(levamisole)、四米唑(tetramisole);
水杨酰苯胺类,例如:溴沙尼特(bromoxanide)、溴替尼特(brotianide)、氯碘沙尼(clioxanide)、氯氰碘柳胺(closantel)、氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)、五氯柳胺(oxyclozanide)、雷复尼特(rafoxanide)、三溴沙仑(tribromsalan);
Paraherquamides,例如:得曲恩特(derquantel)、paraherquamide;
氨基苯脒类,例如:阿米太尔(amidantel)、deacylated amidantel(dAMD)、三苯双脒(tribendimidine);
有机磷酸酯类,例如:蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、育畜磷(crufomate)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、纳洛酮(haloxone)、naphthalofos、敌百虫(trichlorfon);
取代的酚类,例如:硫双二氯酚bithionol、二碘硝酚(disophenol)、六氯酚(hexachlorophene)、联硝氯酚(niclofolan)、meniclopholan、motroxynil;
哌嗪酮类,例如:吡喹酮(praziquantel)、依西太尔(epsiprantel);
各种其他种类,例如:硝硫氰胺(amoscanate)、苄酚宁(bephenium)、丁萘脒(bunamidine)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam)、克洛索隆(clorsulon)、联胺苯醚(diamfenetid)、二氯芬(dichlorophen)、乙胺嗪(diethylcarbamazine)、吐根碱(emetine)、三氯苯哌嗪(hetolin)、海恩酮(hycanthone)、硫蒽酮(lucanthone)、Miracil、mirasan、氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)、尼立达唑(niridazole)、硝碘酚腈(nitroxynil)、硝硫氰酯(nitroscanate)、奥替普拉(oltipraz)、omphalotin、奥沙尼喹(oxamniquin)、巴龙霉素(paromomycin)、哌嗪、雷琐太尔(resorantel)。
载体防治
式(I)的化合物还可用于载体防治(vector control)。在本发明的上下文中,载体为能将病原体(例如病毒、蠕虫、单细胞生物和细菌)从贮主(reservoir)(植物、动物、人类等)传播到宿主的节肢动物,特别是昆虫或蛛形纲动物。病原体可被机械地传播至宿主(例如通过无刺苍蝇传播的颗粒性结膜炎)或通过注射传播至宿主(例如通过蚊子传播的疟原虫)。
载体以及它们传播疾病或病原体的实例为:
1)蚊子
-疟蚊:疟疾、丝虫病;
-库蚊:日本脑炎、丝虫病、其他病毒性疾病、蠕虫的传播;
-伊蚊:黄热病、登革热、丝虫病、其他病毒性疾病;
-蚋科:蠕虫的传播,尤其是盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus);
2)虱子:皮肤感染、流行性斑疹伤寒;
3)跳蚤:鼠疫、地方性斑疹伤寒;
4)苍蝇:昏睡病(锥虫病);霍乱、其他细菌性疾病;
5)螨:螨病、流行性斑疹伤寒、立克次氏体痘、土拉菌病(tularaemia)、圣路易斯型脑炎(Saint Louis encephalitis)、蜱传脑炎(tick-borne encephalitis(TBE))、克里米亚-刚果出血热(Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever)、包柔螺旋体病(borreliosis);
6)壁虱:borellioses,例如杜通氏螺旋体(Borrelia duttoni)、蜱传脑炎、Q型流感(贝氏柯克斯体(Coxiella burnetii))、巴贝西虫病(babesioses)(Babesia caniscanis)。
在本发明的上下文中,载体的实例为可将植物病毒传播至植物的昆虫,例如蚜虫、苍蝇、叶蝉或蓟马。能传播植物病毒的其他载体为叶螨、壁虱、甲虫和线虫。
在本发明的上下文中,载体的其他实例为能将病原体传播至动物和/或人的昆虫和蛛形纲动物,例如蚊子,特别是伊蚊属、疟蚊属,例如冈比亚按蚊(A.gambiae)、阿拉伯按蚊(A.arabiensis)、A.funestus、A.dirus(malaria)和库蚊属、壁虱、跳蚤、苍蝇、螨虫和蜱。
如果式(I)化合物为抗性突破(resistance-breaking),则也可实现载体防治。
式(I)的化合物适用于预防通过载体传播的疾病和/或病原体。因此,本发明的另一个方面为式(I)的化合物在例如农业、园艺、林业、花园和休闲设施中,以及在材料和储藏产品的保护中用于载体防治的用途。
工业材料的保护
式(I)的化合物适于保护工业材料免受昆虫的侵袭或破坏,所述昆虫为例如鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、啮虫目(Psocoptera)和衣鱼目(Zygentoma)。
在本文中,工业材料理解为意指无生命材料,如优选塑料、粘合剂、胶料、纸类和卡纸板、皮革、木料、木制加工产品和涂料组合物。本发明特别优选用于保护木材。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物与至少一种其它杀昆虫剂和/或至少一种杀真菌剂一起使用。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物为即用型农药,意指它可以不经进一步的改性而应用于所述材料。合适的其它杀昆虫剂或杀真菌剂尤其为上述那些。
出人意料地,还发现,式(I)的化合物可以用于保护与海水或出海口的水接触的物体(尤其是船体、筛、网、建筑、码头和信号系统)免受污损。式(I)的化合物也可以单独或与其它活性化合物结合用作防污剂。
卫生领域动物害虫的防治
式(I)的化合物适于防治卫生领域中的动物害虫。更具体而言,本发明可用于家用保护领域、卫生保护领域和储藏产品的保护,特别是用于防治在封闭空间(例如住所、工厂大厅、办公室、车辆舱室)中遇到的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和螨类。为了防治动物害虫,将式(I)的化合物单独使用或与其他活性化合物和/或助剂结合使用。它们优选地用在家用杀昆虫剂产品中。式(I)的化合物对敏感物种和抗性物种以及对所有发育阶段都是有效的。
这些害虫包括例如以下害虫:蛛形纲(Arachnida)、蝎目(Scorpiones)、蜘蛛目(Araneae)和盲蛛目(Opiliones)、唇足纲(Chilopoda)和倍足纲(Diplopoda)、昆虫纲(Insecta)、蜚蠊目(Blattodea)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、双翅目(Diptera)、异翅目(Heteroptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、虱目(Phthiraptera)、啮虫目(Psocoptera)、跳跃亚目(Saltatoria)或直翅目(Orthoptera)、蚤目(Siphonaptera)和衣鱼目(Zygentoma)和软甲亚纲(Malacostraca)、等足目(Isopoda)。
它们例如以下列形式进行施用:气雾剂、无压喷雾产品例如泵喷雾剂及雾化器喷雾剂、自动弥雾系统、雾化剂、泡沫剂、凝胶剂、具有由纤维素或塑料制成的蒸发片的蒸发产品、液体蒸发剂、凝胶和膜蒸发剂、推进器驱动的蒸发剂、无能量的或无源(passive)的蒸发系统、捕蛾纸、捕蛾袋和捕蛾胶,作为颗粒剂或粉末剂,用在散播的饵料或毒饵站中。
制备实施例:
制备实施例1:6-(3-乙基吡啶-4-基)-2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉(I-1)
将在20mL乙醇中的100mg(0.532mmol)的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5,6-二胺和180mg(0.583mmol)的4-(溴乙酰基)-3-乙基溴化吡啶(III-01)搅拌回流18小时,然后在减压下除去溶剂。残余物用浓氨水进行碱化然后用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机相分离,用硫酸镁干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。
通过硅胶60(Merck)柱色谱进行纯化,使用1:1v/v的环己烷/乙酸乙酯作为流动相,得到21mg的米黄色固体产物(理论的12.5%,根据LC/MS的纯度为93%)。
4-(溴乙酰基)-3-乙基溴化吡啶(III-01)的制备
将500mg(3.35mmol)的1-(3-乙基吡啶-4-基)乙酮溶于15mL的氯仿中,加入溶于5mL氯仿中的600mg(3.76mmol)溴,然后在室温下搅拌18小时。然后将混合物在40℃下继续搅拌2小时并在减压下除去溶剂。得到1g(理论的96.6%,根据1H-NMR的纯度为约85%)深棕色的固体产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:8.74-8.68(m,2H),7.85-7.84(m,1H),4.94(s,2H),2.73(q,2H),1.17(t,3H)
制备实施例2:2-(3-甲基吡啶-4-基)-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(I-2)
在室温下,将在30mL二噁烷中的190mg(0.82mmol)的2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(VII-01)和110mg(0.157mmol)的双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(II)搅拌3小时。
然后加入170mg(1.24mmol)的(3-甲基吡啶-4-基)硼酸和3.5mL的2摩尔碳酸钠溶液,并将混合物加热回流18小时。在冷却后,加入水并将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。
通过硅胶60(Merck)柱色谱进行纯化,使用1:1v/v的环己烷/乙酸乙酯作为流动相,得到39.2mg的米黄色固体(理论的24.2%,根据LC/MS的纯度为94.6%)。
2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(VII-01)的制备
将8.4g(54.78mmol)的三氯氧磷滴加至在30mL甲苯中的1.40g(6.54mmol)的6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(VIa-01)和2.1g(16.25mmol)的N-乙基二异丙胺中,并在95℃下将混合物进一步搅拌18小时。将旋转蒸发后剩余的残余物与水一起搅拌,用固体碳酸钾进行碱化并用二氯甲烷进行萃取。将合并的有机相分离,用硫酸钠进行干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。得到1.37g(理论的90.1%,根据1H-NMR的纯度为90%)作为残余物的产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.17(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),8.29-8.28(m,1H),8.22-8.20(m,1H)
6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(VIa-01)和7-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(VIa-02)的制备
将7.30g(41.4mmol)的4-(三氟甲基)苯-1,2-二胺和5.9g(64.1mmol)的乙醛酸水合物溶于100mL的异丙醇中,加入2g乙酸,然后在50℃下搅拌18小时,然后在减压下除去溶剂。将残余物与水一起搅拌并用抽吸装置滤出固体。残余物为7.8g(理论的87.9%)的异构体混合物,其由38.9%的(VIa-01)和61.1%的(VIa-02)组成。使用制备型HPLC将异构体进行分离。进样量:在每种情况下,将1g的异构体混合物溶于21mL乙腈/35mL水/7mL THF中,过滤后,在Chromasil 100C187μm 250*50mm上进行分离,32/68的乙腈/水等度洗脱,流速100mL/min。
共分离得到1.4g的(VIa-01)(理论的15.8%,根据HPLC的纯度为97.7%)和3.8g的(VIa-02)(理论的42.8%,根据HPLC的纯度为97.7%)。
(VIa-01):13C-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:154.8,153.5,134.8,131.2,126.9,125.9,123.4,116.9logP(中性):1.71
(VIa-02):13C-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:154.6,154.5,133.7,132.0,130.1,130.0,119.2,112.7logP(中性):1.65
制备实施例3:3-氯-2-[2-(硫乙基)苯基]-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(I-3)
在室温下,将在20mL二噁烷中的100mg(0.374mmol)的2,3-二氯-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉和35mg(0.05mmol)的双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(II)搅拌2小时。
然后加入75mg(0.412mmol)的[2-(硫乙基)苯基]硼酸和1.7mL 2摩尔的碳酸钠溶液并将混合物加热回流18小时。冷却后,加入水并将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。
通过硅胶60(Merck)柱色谱进行纯化,使用1:1v/v的环己烷/乙酸乙酯作为流动相,得到7mg产物(理论的5.1%,根据LC/MS的纯度为100%)。
制备实施例4:6-氯-7-(4-氯苯基)-2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉(I-4)
将1g(6.52mmol)的三氯氧磷滴加至220mg(0.65mmol)的7-(4-氯苯基)-2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉-6(5H)-酮(VIb-01)和150mg(1.09mmol)的三乙胺盐酸盐中,并将混合物在95℃下进一步搅拌18小时。将旋转蒸发后剩余的残余物与水一起搅拌,使用固体碳酸钾进行碱化并用二氯甲烷进行萃取。将合并的有机相分离,用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。得到97mg(理论的41.8%,根据LC/MS的纯度为84.6%)作为残余物的棕色固体产物。
7-(4-氯苯基)-2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉-6(5H)-酮(VIb-01)的制备
在100℃下,将在20mL异丙醇、5mL二甲基甲酰胺和3mL水的混合物中的300mg(1.59mmol)的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5,6-二胺和300mg(1.63mmol)的(4-氯苯基)(氧代)乙酸搅拌18小时。冷却后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏出。将残余物与水一起搅拌并使用抽吸装置滤出棕色固体。
得到450mg(理论的83.8%)产物,其不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
logP(HCOOH):2.96
制备实施例5:2,2-二氟-6-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉(I-5)
在130℃下,将在5mL二甲基甲酰胺和1mL水的混合物中的200mg(1.06mmol)的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5,6-二胺和220mg(1.09mmol)的氧代[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙醛搅拌18小时。冷却后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏出。将残余物与水一起搅拌并用抽吸装置滤出深棕色固体。
得到300mg(理论的79.7%,根据LC/MS的纯度为93.1%)产物。
制备实施例6:2,2-二氟-7-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉5-氧化物(I-6)
在50℃下,将115mg(0.33mmol)的2,2-二氟-6-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉和3g(30.87mmol)过氧化氢(35%浓度的水溶液)在7mL乙酸中搅拌18小时。
冷却后,将混合物与水一起搅拌并将所得固体用抽吸装置滤出。
在25g Chromabond快速柱上进行柱色谱来纯化,使用乙酸乙酯/环己烷作为流动相(13-50%乙酸乙酯的梯度),得到28mg(理论的23.3%,根据LC/MS的纯度为93.1%)白色固体产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO):9.48(s,1H),8.49-8.47(m,2H),8.42(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.97-7.95(m,2H)
类似于实施例,根据上述制备方法,可获得以下的式(I)化合物:其中Y1=Y2=N
类似于实施例(I-6),根据上述制备方法,可获得以下式(I)化合物:
其中Y1=N且Y2=N+-O-
虚线表示连接至喹喔啉衍生物的键。
NMR数据和logP值:logP(HCOOH)=logP[a]logP(中性)=logP[b]
根据EEC Directive 79/831Annex V.A8,通过HPLC(高效液相色谱)使用反相柱(C18)通过以下方法测定logP值:
[a]LC-MS测定在pH 2.7的酸性范围内、使用0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈(含有0.1%甲酸)作为洗脱液;线性梯度为10%乙腈至95%乙腈下进行。在表中称为logP(HCOOH)。
[b]LC-MS测定在pH 7.8的中性范围内、使用0.001摩尔的碳酸氢铵水溶液和乙腈作为洗脱液;线性梯度为10%乙腈至95%乙腈下进行。在表中称为logP(中性)。
使用logP值已知的非支链的烷-2-酮(具有3至16个碳原子)进行校准(通过两种连续的烷酮之间的线性内插法基于保留时间测定logP值)。
λ-最大值使用UV光谱由200nm至400nm中色谱信号的最大值进行测定。
所选实施例的NMR数据以典型的形式进行表示(δ值,氢原子数,多重峰分裂)。
在每种情况下,指出在NMR光谱中所记录的溶剂。
制备原料的其他实施例:
制备式(VIa)的化合物:
2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉-6(5H)-酮(VIa-03)的制备
将1.60g(13.3mmol)的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5,6-二胺和1.90g(10.2mmol)的2-羟基-2-甲氧基乙酸甲酯溶于100mL乙醇中并将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。
将混合物加热回流,然后滴加35mL的5.4摩尔氢氧化钠溶液,然后将混合物继续加热回流18小时。
冷却后,将溶剂在减压下除去,将200mL水加入剩余的残余物中并将混合物搅拌3小时。用浓盐酸酸化后,用抽吸装置滤出深棕色固体。得到2.2g(理论的95.3%,根据LC/MS的纯度为91.1%)产物。
logP(HCOOH):1.49;logP(中性):1.33;1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:12.69(宽峰,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.28(s,1H)
6,7-二氟喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(VIa-04)的制备
加入1mL乙酸后,在50℃下,将在100mL异丙醇中的3.00g(21.1mmol)的4,5-二氟苯-1,2-二胺和3.00g(32.5mmol)的乙醛酸一水合物搅拌18小时。
冷却后,在减压下除去溶剂。将残余物与水一起搅拌并用抽吸装置滤出深棕色固体。
得到3.37g(理论的87.7%,根据1H-NMR的纯度为100%)产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:12.54(宽峰,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.95-7.90(m,1H),7.26-7.21(m,1H)
6,7-二氟-3-甲基喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(VIa-05)的制备
将在5mL二甲基甲酰胺和1mL水的混合物中的700mg(4.86mmol)的4,5-二氟苯-1,2-二胺和600mg(6.81mmol)的2-氧代丙酸搅拌回流18小时。
冷却后,将溶剂在减压下除去。将残余物与水一起搅拌并用抽吸装置滤出棕色固体。
得到890mg(理论的93.4%,根据1H-NMR的纯度>95%)产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:12.42(s,1H),7.84-7.79(m,1H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),2.39(s,3H)
制备式(VII)的化合物:
6,7-二氯-2-碘喹喔啉(VII-02)的制备
7.20g(33mmol)的5,6-二氯喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮和12.99g(35mmol)的四丁基碘化铵溶于200mL甲苯,加入12.36g的五氧化二磷(87mmol)后,在回流下搅拌18小时。冷却后,形成固体块状物。加入200mL的水后,将甲苯/水的混合物搅拌3小时并过滤。将有机相与水一起搅拌并萃取,重复几次。将合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下除去溶剂。得到6.1g(理论的54.1%,根据的纯度为GC/MS 96.4%)淡黄色固体状的产物。
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.15(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.36(s,1H)
可使用上述制备方法来获得式(VI)的化合物,例如以下的式(VI)的化合物:
2,2-二氟-7-甲基[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉-6(5H)-酮(VIa-06)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:12.50(s,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.19(s,1H),2.39(s,3H)
可使用上述制备方法来获得式(VII)的化合物,例如以下的式(VII)的化合物:
6-氯-2-碘喹喔啉(VII-03)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.13(s,1H),8.16-8.15(m,1H),8.08-8.05(m,1H),7.90-7.87(m,1H)
2-吲哚-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(VII-04)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.26(s,1H),8.45-8.43(m,1H),8.31-8.25(m,1H),8.14-8.11(m,1H)
6-溴-2-碘喹喔啉(VII-05)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.13(s,1H),8.31(m,1H),7.99(m,2H)
2-氯-3-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉和3-氯-2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)喹喔啉(VII-06)
区域异构体的1:1混合物:
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:8.35-7.90(m,3H,两种区域异构体),2.89(s,3H),2.88(s,3H)
6-氯-2,2-二氟[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉(VII-07)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:9.01(s,1H),8.17(s,1H),8.10(s,1H)
2-氯-6,7-二氟喹喔啉(VII-08)
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δppm:8.78(s,1H),7.91-7.86(m,1H),7.81-7.77(s,1H)
6-氯-2,2-二氟-7-甲基[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-g]喹喔啉(VII-09)
1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δppm:8.07(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),2.76(s,3H)
2-氯-6-(二氟甲氧基)喹喔啉和2-氯-7-(二氟甲氧基)喹喔啉(VII-10)
区域异构体的1:5混合物:
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δppm:8.80-7.56(m,4H,两种区域异构体),6.72(t,1H)
用途实施例
微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)试验(BOOPMI注射)
溶剂:二甲基亚砜
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将10mg活性化合物与0.5mL溶剂混合,并将浓缩物用溶剂稀释至所需浓度。
将活性化合物溶液注入腹部(微小牛蜱),并将该动物转移至培养皿中并贮存于控温室中。
7天后,通过所产的受精卵来评估功效。将卵——其能育性是不可见的——储存在控温柜中直至在约42天之后幼虫孵化出来。100%的功效表示没有蜱产下任何受精卵;0%的功效表示所有卵都为能育的。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20μg/动物的施用率下显示出80%的功效:I-7。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20μg/动物的施用率下显示出85%的功效:I-2。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20μg/动物的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-36。
捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)试验(HAEMCO)
溶剂:二甲基亚砜
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将10mg活性化合物与0.5mL的二甲基亚砜混合,并将浓缩物用“林格氏溶液”(“Ringer's solution”)稀释至所需浓度。
将含有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂的容器接种约40头捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchuscontortus)的幼虫。
5天后,测定灭杀率,以%表示。100%表示所有幼虫均被杀死;0%表示无幼虫被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出80%的功效:I-4、I-32。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-8、I-9。
短古柏线虫(Cooperia curticei)试验(COOPCU)
溶剂:二甲基亚砜
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将10mg活性化合物与0.5mL的二甲基亚砜混合,并将浓缩物用“林格氏溶液”稀释至所需浓度。
将含有所需浓度的活性化合物制剂的容器接种约40头线虫幼虫(Cooperiacurticei)。
5天后,测定灭杀率,以%表示。100%表示所有幼虫均被杀死;0%表示无幼虫被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出80%的功效:I-32。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-40。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-8、I-9。
巴西日圆线虫(Nippostrongylus brasiliensis)试验(NIPOBR)
用巴西日圆线虫进行体外实验的试验方法
从雌性wistar大鼠的小肠中分离巴西日圆线虫成虫并转移至含有以下物质的缓冲液中:100U/mL盘尼西林、0.1mg/mL链霉素和2.5μg/mL两性霉素B。
将蠕虫(两种性别)在1.0mL的培养基中进行培养,其还用于测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。
将化合物溶于DMSO中并加入培养基质,以使最终浓度分别为10和1μg/mL。对照组仅含有DMSO。
培养在37℃和5%的CO2下进行。
酶测定使用等份量的培养基进行。待测定的AChE将底物碘代硫代乙酰胆碱(其以碘盐的形式存在)分解成产物乙酸盐和硫代胆碱。
在随后的反应中,硫代胆碱与二硫硝基苯甲酸(DTNB,Ellman试剂)形成黄色染料(硫代硝基苯甲酸酯)。
颜色的强度(=AChE的活性)通过在405nm处以光度法测定的光密度(OD)并与阴性对照的OD进行比较来测定。
活性分为以下类别:84%(60-84%抑制)和100%(>84-100%抑制)。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在10ppm的施用率下显示出84%的功效:I-8。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在10ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-9。
南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)试验(MELGIN)
溶剂:125.0重量份的丙酮
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与规定量的溶剂混合,并将浓缩物用水稀释至所需浓度。
将容器装满沙子、活性化合物溶液、南方根结线虫的卵/幼虫悬浮液和莴苣种子。莴苣种子发芽,植物发育。在根部形成虫瘿(gall)。
14天后,通过虫瘿的形成来测定杀线虫效率,以%表示。100%表示没有发现虫瘿。0%表示经处理植物上的虫瘿的数量与未处理的对照组相当。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-7、I-74。
辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)-喷雾试验(PHAECO)
溶剂:78.0重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与规定量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)的叶片,干燥后,接种辣根猿叶虫的幼虫。
7天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%表示所有的甲虫幼虫均被杀死;0%表示无甲虫幼虫被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出83%的功效:I-15、I-36。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-7、I-9、I-14、I-34。
草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)-喷雾试验(SPODFR)
溶剂:78.0重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与规定量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒玉米(Zea mays)的叶片,干燥后,接种草地贪夜蛾的毛毛虫。
7天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%表示所有的毛毛虫均被杀死;0%表示无毛毛虫被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出83%的功效:I-29。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-14、I-15。
二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)-喷雾试验,OP-抗性(TETRUR)
溶剂:78.0重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与规定量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒被所有阶段的温室二斑叶螨侵染的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)的叶片。
6天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%表示所有的叶螨均被杀死;0%表示无叶螨被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-12、I-18、I-25、I-26、I-27、I-34、I-36、I-43、I-46、I-48、I-66。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-1、I-14、I-15、I-21、I-24、I-51。
桃蚜(Myzus persicae)-喷雾测试(MYZUPE)
溶剂:78重量份的丙酮
1.5重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:0.5重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与规定量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓缩物用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒被所有阶段的桃蚜侵染的大白菜的叶片。
6天后,测定功效,以100%表示。100%表示所有蚜虫均被杀死;0%表示无蚜虫被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-62。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100g/ha的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-10。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:1-1、I-7、I-9、I-18、I-22、I-31、I-32、I-36、I-63、I-66。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在750g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-2、I-11。
棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)–喷雾试验
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚二乙醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,使用规定重量份的溶剂将1重量份的活性化合物溶解并补充含浓度为1000ppm的乳化剂的水直至获得所需的浓度。为制备其他试验浓度,将制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂,它们均以1000ppm的浓度加入制剂溶液中。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒被棉蚜严重侵染的棉花植株(陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum))。
6天后,测定灭杀率,以%表示。100%表示所有的蚜虫均被杀死;0%表示无棉蚜被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出85%的功效:I-1、I-10。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出80%的功效:I-2。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出85%的功效:I-9。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-32。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出95%的功效:I-66。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出97%的功效:I-62。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-11、I-30。
烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)–喷雾试验
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,使用规定重量份的溶剂将1重量份的活性化合物溶解并补充含浓度为1000ppm的乳化剂的水直至获得所需的浓度。为制备其他试验浓度,将制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂,它们均以1000ppm的浓度加入制剂溶液中。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒被烟粉虱的幼虫侵染的棉花植株(陆地棉)。
8天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%表示所有的粉虱均被杀死;0%表示无粉虱被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-2。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-15。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出96%的功效:I-26。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-7、I-11、I-30。
褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)–喷雾试验
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,使用规定重量份的溶剂将1重量份的活性化合物溶解并补充含浓度为1000ppm的乳化剂的水直至获得所需的浓度。为制备其他试验浓度,将制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂,它们均以1000ppm的浓度加入制剂溶液中。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒水稻植株(Oryza sativa),然后接种褐飞虱的幼虫。
7天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%表示所有的飞虱均被杀死;0%表示无飞虱被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在20ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-1、I-2。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出80%的功效:I-26、I-30。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-11。
褐飞虱-喷雾试验
溶剂:52.5重量份的丙酮
7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,使用规定量的溶剂将1重量份的活性化合物溶解并补充含浓度为1000ppm的乳化剂的水直至获得所需的浓度。为制备其他试验浓度,将制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒水稻植株,然后接种褐飞虱的幼虫。
4天后,测定功效,以%表示。100%意指所有的飞虱均被杀死;0%意指无飞虱被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在500g/ha的施用率下显示出90%的功效:I-7
黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)试验(NEPHCI)
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物的制剂,使用规定重量份的溶剂将1重量份的活性化合物溶解并补充含浓度为1000ppm的乳化剂的水直至获得所需的浓度。为制备其他试验浓度,将制剂用含乳化剂的水稀释。如果需要加入铵盐或/和渗透剂(油菜籽油甲酯),在最终的制剂溶液被稀释后,它们均以1000ppm的浓度用移液器移入。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷洒水稻植株(Oryza sativa,Balilla变种),然后接种黑尾叶蝉的幼虫。
14天后,测定灭杀率,以%表示。100%意指所有的叶蝉均被杀死;0%意指无叶蝉被杀死。
在这个试验中,例如,来自制备实施例的如下化合物在100ppm的施用率下显示出100%的功效:I-2。
Claims (5)
1.式(I-L)的化合物
其中
R2代表氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基,在每种情况下代表被氯任选取代的苯基或来自Q-41的杂芳基
R3代表氢,
R4代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R5代表氢、氯、氟、氰基、SO2CH3、SO2C2H5、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
R6代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢或
R3和R4、或R4和R5、或R5和R6
形成如下的5元环:
其被氟任选地单取代或双取代,
R10代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、氰基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、SCH3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,
n代表0或1;
条件是,排除US6548499B1中的化合物
2.权利要求1的式(I-L)的化合物,其中
R2代表氢、氯、甲基,代表来自Q-41的杂芳基或代表被氯任选地单取代的苯基,
R3代表氢,
R4代表氢、氟、氯、氰基或三氟甲基,
R5代表氢、氟、氯、三氟甲基或SO2CH3,或
R4和R5一起代表-O-CF2-O-,
R6代表氢,
条件是R3、R4、R5和R6不同时代表氢,
R10代表甲基、乙基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、SCH3、SO2CH3、SC2H5、SOC2H5、SO2C2H5、甲氧基或乙氧基,
n代表0或1。
3.一种组合物,其特征在于,其含有至少一种权利要求1的式(I)的化合物和常规的填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
4.一种防治损害植物的害虫的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1的式(I)的化合物或权利要求3的组合物作用于害虫和/或其生境。
5.权利要求1的式(I)的化合物或权利要求3的组合物用于防治损害植物的害虫的用途。
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US20160227779A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
JP2016536302A (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
CN105873914A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
WO2015059088A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
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US9936700B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
EP3060557A1 (de) | 2016-08-31 |
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