CN105865279B - Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method - Google Patents
Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865279B CN105865279B CN201610235846.2A CN201610235846A CN105865279B CN 105865279 B CN105865279 B CN 105865279B CN 201610235846 A CN201610235846 A CN 201610235846A CN 105865279 B CN105865279 B CN 105865279B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps：Step 1：Cutting on a top board, multigroup parallel borehole is being arranged parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction, every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, and between 70 ° 85 °, angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction for the angle a1 of parallel borehole and top board surface；Step 2：Cutting on a top board, one group of balanced hole is being arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, the angle a2 of balanced hole and top board surface is between 35 ° 85 °, angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein axially, one group of balanced hole is arranged between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes.This method is able to ensure that cuts a top board as the advance of the face is caving in time, reduces initial stage water component, reduces large area top board exposed, it is to avoid the danger of bump.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to Tunnel Engineering, well lane engineering, coal mining overhead caving blasting technique, more particularly to a kind of stripping and slicing formula is cut
Eye overhead caving blasting method.
Background technology
When tunnel or roadway construction is carried out, during the advance of the face, hard huge thick top board is not easy to be caving, often
Working face can be caused to disclose, and top board area is excessive, and pressure from surrounding rock is big, and ore deposit pressure presentation time is concentrated, intensity is big, easily causes top board
Large area roof fall and coal wall caving accident, while can crush, even kill support, great threat are constituted to stope.This
Outward, the empty top of large area easily causes the unexpected ejection of the pernicious gases such as gas, causes the disasters such as gas explosion.
For the working face with tight roof, the overhead caving explosion for cutting eye is most important.Conventional at present cuts
Eye overhead caving blasting method is mainly to be inclined along Qie Yan old mans area makes tier, these boreholes or parallel, or
It is fan-shaped, lie substantially in one parallel to cut axis oculi to plane in.Although this kind of method is by top board from the clamped conversion in four sides
It is that three faces are clamped, the situation of one side fall branch, but globality and huge plate size due to huge thick tight roof, it is caving not ten
Sub-argument is thought (referring to Fig. 1).If the clamped huge plate in three faces is cut into several sections by way of explosion therebetween, formed
The smaller block of relative restraint, then be easier to be caving, and reduces the pressure to support.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of stripping and slicing formula and cuts an overhead caving blasting method, not only cutting a top top board
Side forms the plane of fracture by explosion, while several by the plane vertical with axis the top board that top to be caving being divided into
Block, so under the Action of Gravity Field of top covering rockmass, small block is easier to be caving, it is ensured that during the advance of the face, cuts eye top
Plate is caving in time, reduces initial stage water component, reduces large area top board exposed, it is to avoid the danger of bump.
The one side of the disclosure provides a kind of stripping and slicing formula and cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on a top board, multigroup parallel big gun is being arranged parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction
Eye, every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, the angle a1 of the parallel borehole and the top board surface 70 °-
Between 85 °, the angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2：Cutting on a top board, one group is being arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction
Balanced hole, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, the angle a2 of the balanced hole and the top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, the angle a2 towards advance of the face direction, wherein along the axial direction, one group of balanced hole
It is arranged between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a kind of stripping and slicing formula and cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on a top board, multigroup parallel big gun is being arranged parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction
Eye, every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, the angle a1 of the parallel borehole and the top board surface 70 °-
Between 85 °, the angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2：Cutting on a top board, one group is being arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction
Balanced hole, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, the angle a2 of the balanced hole and the top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, the angle a2 towards advance of the face direction, wherein along the axial direction, one group of balanced hole
It is arranged between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes；And
Step 3：Near the position of working face wall on the both sides tunnel for cutting eye, arrange multiple in back
Between 79 ° -85 °, the angle a3 is towards working face for the angle a3 of tunnel borehole, the tunnel borehole and the back
Direction.
Preferably, the length according to the working face determines the group number of the parallel borehole.
Preferably, the depth of the parallel borehole is 10-30 meters, and shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10 meters,
In one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 meters.
Preferably, the distance s 1 between the parallel borehole of each group are 20-50 meters.
Preferably, every group of balanced hole includes multiple balanced holes, and the multiple balanced hole is equidistantly arranged to institute
State and cut on a top board, and each balanced hole is unequal with the angle a2 of the top board surface.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of the balanced hole is 10-40 meters, and shot depth is 6-30 meters, and sealed depth is 4-
10 meters, in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 meters.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole are 20-50 meters.
Preferably, the spacing between adjacent tunnel borehole is 2-5 meters.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of the tunnel borehole is 10-30 meters, and shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-
10 meters.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the disclosure is to be combined by two different form of borehole, that is, cutting
Eye top board sets the parallel borehole that is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the balanced hole for cutting an axial direction simultaneously, by the hard top of huge thickness
Plate cuts into several pieces of sections, so that top board is very easy to be caving, it is possible to reduce initial water component, reduces large area top board
Exposed, reduction thus results in the danger of bump.
Brief description of the drawings
Disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail by with reference to accompanying drawing, the disclosure above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in disclosure exemplary embodiment, identical reference number is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the floor map of the restriction relation for being caving top board and country rock in the prior art；
Fig. 2 to show and cut a flow chart for overhead caving blasting method according to the stripping and slicing formula of the first exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 3 shows parallel borehole and balanced hole the arrangement schematic diagram in exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 4 is shown along the B-B generalized sections in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is shown along the C-C generalized sections in Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 shows the tunnel borehole arrangement generalized section in the second exemplary embodiment, and it is along the D-D in Fig. 3
Generalized section；
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are respectively illustrated and are caving top board according to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment
With the floor map of the restriction relation of country rock.
Specific embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in accompanying drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without that should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.Conversely, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be complete by the scope of the present disclosure
Convey to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 2 to show and cut a flow chart for overhead caving blasting method, Fig. 3 according to the stripping and slicing formula of the first exemplary embodiment
Parallel borehole and balanced hole the arrangement schematic diagram in exemplary embodiment are shown, Fig. 4 is shown along the B-B sections in Fig. 3
Schematic diagram, Fig. 5 shows that, along the C-C generalized sections in Fig. 3, wherein B-B sections and C-C sections is each perpendicular to cut axis oculi to side
To A-A, Fig. 6 shows the tunnel borehole arrangement generalized section in the second exemplary embodiment, and it is cutd open along the D-D in Fig. 3
Face schematic diagram.
An overhead caving blasting method is cut according to the stripping and slicing formula of the first exemplary embodiment below with reference to Fig. 2-5 descriptions, is wrapped
Include following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on the top board of eye 1, arranging multigroup flat parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction A-A
Row borehole 2, every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, and the angle a1 of parallel borehole and top board surface is at 70 ° -85 °
Between, angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction.In fig. 4, the right side in figure is pointed in advance of the face direction.
Can be bored using hydraulic pressure or air-driven impact and get borehole.Generally, can be determined according to face length parallel
The group number of borehole：For example, the working face long for 100-180 meters, can set the parallel big gun of 4-7 groups along an axial direction is cut
Eye, the distance s 1 between the parallel borehole of each group are 20-50 meters.
Preferably, the depth of parallel borehole 2 is 10-30 meters, and shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10
Rice, in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 meters.
By setting parallel borehole, it can be ensured that cut a top board and form rupture plane of weakness along certain face by explosion, be easy to
During roof caving, cutting, the eye top part to be caving is forced and the rock mass of surrounding is separated, and reduces country rock to that will be caving part
Constraint and clamping action, be easy to being caving for top board.
Step 2：Cutting on the top board of eye 1, arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction A-A
One group of balanced hole, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole 3, and balanced hole 3 exists with the angle a2 of top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein along an axial direction A-A is cut, one group of balanced hole is arranged
Between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes, so that balanced hole forms spaced apart form with parallel borehole.
By setting balanced hole, the top board of approximate cuboid can be divided into the cuboid of smaller yardstick, reduction is enclosed
Constraint of the rock to the small blocks, more conducively roof caving.
Preferably, every group of balanced hole 3 includes multiple balanced holes, for example, every group of balanced hole may include 1-4
Individual balanced hole.In this case, each balanced hole can be equidistantly arranged to cut on a top board, and each is vertical
Borehole is unequal with the angle a2 of top board, such as along the horizontal direction (direction in Fig. 5 from left to right) for cutting eye, balanced hole
Angle a2 with top board is sequentially reduced, but angle a2 is between 35 ° -85 °, so that multiple balanced holes form similar sector
Distribution.So can be the top board on a top be cut along a plane of fracture is formed in the vertical plane for cutting an axial direction, will be larger
Top board cuboid cut into small rectangular block, under the Action of Gravity Field of top covering rockmass, be easily caving.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of each balanced hole 3 is 10-40 meters, and shot depth is 6-30 meters, and closure is deep
It is 4-10 meters to spend, and in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 meters.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole are 20-50 meters.Preferably, distance s 2 and distance s 1
Can be with equal, such that it is able to be equally spaced from arranging balanced hole 3 and parallel borehole 2 along cutting an axial direction.
Stripping and slicing formula according to exemplary embodiment cuts an overhead caving blasting method by two different form of borehole group
Close, i.e., the parallel borehole that is parallel to each other is set simultaneously and perpendicular to the balanced hole for cutting an axial direction cutting a top board, will be huge
Thick hard top board cuts into several sections, so that top board is very easy to be caving, it is possible to reduce initial water component, reduces big
Area top board is exposed, and reduction thus results in the danger of bump.
An overhead caving blasting method is cut according to the stripping and slicing formula of the second exemplary embodiment below with reference to Fig. 3-6 descriptions, is wrapped
Include following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on the top board of eye 1, arranging multigroup parallel parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction
Borehole 2, every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, the angle a1 of parallel borehole and top board surface 70 ° -85 ° it
Between, angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction.
Can be bored using hydraulic pressure or air-driven impact and get borehole.Generally, can be determined according to face length parallel
The group number of borehole：For example, the working face long for 100-180 meters, can set the parallel big gun of 4-7 groups along an axial direction is cut
Eye, the distance s 1 between the parallel borehole of each group are 20-50 meters.
Preferably, the depth of parallel borehole is 10-30 meters, and shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10
Rice, in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 meters.
By setting parallel borehole, it can be ensured that cut a top board and form rupture plane of weakness along certain face by explosion, be easy to
During roof caving, cutting, the eye top part to be caving is forced and the rock mass of surrounding is separated, and reduces country rock to that will be caving part
Constraint and clamping action, be easy to being caving for top board.
Step 2：Cutting on the top board of eye 1, arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction A-A
One group of balanced hole 3, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and balanced hole 3 exists with the angle a2 of top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein along an axial direction A-A is cut, one group of balanced hole is arranged
Between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes, so that balanced hole 3 forms spaced apart form with parallel borehole 2.
By setting balanced hole 3, the top board of approximate cuboid can be divided into the cuboid of smaller yardstick, reduction is enclosed
Constraint of the rock to the small blocks, more conducively roof caving.
Preferably, every group of balanced hole 3 includes multiple balanced holes, for example, every group of balanced hole may include 1-4
Individual balanced hole.In this case, each balanced hole can be equidistantly arranged to cut on a top board, and each is vertical
Borehole is unequal with the angle a2 of top board, such as along the horizontal direction (direction in Fig. 5 from left to right) for cutting eye, balanced hole
3 are sequentially reduced with the angle a2 of top board, but angle a2 is between 35 ° -85 °, so that multiple balanced holes form similar fan
Shape is distributed.It is limited due to cutting intraocular part space, can be determined by way of adjusting blasthole angle by the way of sector distribution
The scope of the deep hole blasting plane of fracture, provides to design and optimizing Roof Span, it is ensured that safety in production.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of each balanced hole is 10-40 meters, and shot depth is 6-30 meters, and closure is deep
It is 4-10 meters to spend, and in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 meters.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole are 20-50 meters.Preferably, distance s 2 and distance s 1
Can be with equal, such that it is able to be equally spaced from arranging balanced hole and parallel borehole along cutting an axial direction.
Step 3：Near the position of working face wall on the both sides tunnel 5 for cut eye, multiple lanes are arranged in back
The angle a3 of road borehole 4, tunnel borehole 4 and back between 79 ° -85 °, angle a3 towards working face direction, referring to figure
6。
Preferably, the spacing between adjacent tunnel borehole is 2-5 meters, and the blast hole depth of tunnel borehole is 10-30
Rice, shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10 meters.
Compared with the first exemplary embodiment, due to arranging extra borehole on tunnel, both sides tunnel is also by quick-fried
Broken mode cuts top board open, and the cuboid at top is divided into several groups of small blocks by Cut blasting face, is easy to roof caving.
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are respectively illustrated and are caving top board according to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment
With the floor map of the restriction relation of country rock, it can be seen that exemplary embodiment by blasting method by top board point
It is cut into small blocks, more conducively top board is caving.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is exemplary embodiment of the invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of the principle of disclosure of the invention, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, above-mentioned tool of the invention is not limited solely to
The description of body embodiment, therefore description above is preferred, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on a top board, arranging multigroup parallel borehole parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction,
Every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, and the angle a1 of the parallel borehole and the top board surface is at 70 ° -85 °
Between, the angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2：Cutting on a top board, arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction one group it is vertical
Borehole, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and the balanced hole exists with the angle a2 of the top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, the angle a2 towards advance of the face direction, wherein along the axial direction, one group of balanced hole cloth
It is placed between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes.
2. a kind of stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cutting on a top board, arranging multigroup parallel borehole parallel to a plane in parallel for cutting an axial direction,
Every group of parallel borehole includes at least one parallel borehole, and the angle a1 of the parallel borehole and the top board surface is at 70 ° -85 °
Between, the angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2：Cutting on a top board, arranged in each plane of multiple planes for cutting an axial direction one group it is vertical
Borehole, every group of balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and the balanced hole exists with the angle a2 of the top board surface
Between 35 ° -85 °, the angle a2 towards advance of the face direction, wherein along the axial direction, one group of balanced hole cloth
It is placed between two groups of adjacent parallel boreholes；And
Step 3：Near the position of working face wall on the both sides tunnel for cutting eye, multiple tunnels are arranged in back
Between 79 ° -85 °, the angle a3 is towards working face side for the angle a3 of borehole, the tunnel borehole and the back
To.
3. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein according to the length of the working face
Degree determines the group number of the parallel borehole.
4. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein the depth of the parallel borehole
It is 10-30 meters, shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10 meters, in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture of adjacent, parallel borehole
Spacing is 2-5 meters.
5. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein between the parallel borehole of each group
Distance s 1 are 20-50 meters.
6. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein every group of balanced hole is including more
Individual balanced hole, the multiple balanced hole be equidistantly arranged to it is described cut on a top board, and each balanced hole with it is described
The angle a2 of top board surface is unequal.
7. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein the blasthole of the balanced hole
Depth is 10-40 meters, and shot depth is 6-30 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10 meters, in one group of balanced hole, neighboring vertical borehole
Aperture spacing is 2-5 meters.
8. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein between each group balanced hole
Distance s 2 are 20-50 meters.
9. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein between adjacent tunnel borehole
Away from being 2-5 meters.
10. stripping and slicing formula according to claim 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein the blasthole depth of the tunnel borehole
It is 10-30 meters to spend, and shot depth is 6-20 meters, and sealed depth is 4-10 meters.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610235846.2A CN105865279B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106247876A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-21 | 太原理工大学 | High working face cuts greatly a blasting method for fully-mechanized mining working tight roof overhead caving |
| CN108252651B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-01-10 | 新疆龟兹矿业有限公司 | Method for fully mechanized mining face multipoint dispersion parallel type blast hole presplitting roof |
| CN111237006A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling rock burst and gas emission in linkage manner of high-length and short-distance drilling |
| CN111350506A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-30 | 海南矿业股份有限公司 | Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method |
| CN117684980A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Balanced mining method for overlying strata of coal mine |
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