CN102401616A - Blasting excavation method of vertical shaft - Google Patents
Blasting excavation method of vertical shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN102401616A CN102401616A CN2011103051815A CN201110305181A CN102401616A CN 102401616 A CN102401616 A CN 102401616A CN 2011103051815 A CN2011103051815 A CN 2011103051815A CN 201110305181 A CN201110305181 A CN 201110305181A CN 102401616 A CN102401616 A CN 102401616A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282470 Canis latrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting excavation method of a vertical shaft. A short delay blasting way for a directed fracture blast hole, a relatively shallow wedged cutting blast hole group, a relatively deep wedged cutting blast hole group, a two-circle hole, a three-circle hole and the like is adopted, and the directed fracture blasting technology and the dual wedged cutting blasting technology are combined, so the vertical shaft with a large fracture surface is blasted at one time, the blasting process is simplified, the damage to a surrounding rock is reduced, the vibration generated during blasting is reduced, the safety is improved, and the method has the prominent advantages of safety, reliability, high efficiency and low cost and is especially suitable for blasting excavation for the vertical shaft having higher requirements on excavation speed and blasting safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of explosion driving technology, relate in particular to the driving method that is used for the vertical explosion that a kind of directional fracture blasting technology combines with the wedge shot technology.
Background technology
Generally adopt the mode of explosion during vertical shaft excavation, relatively more typical, like the vertical cut of the various permanent or interim vertical of: coal mine shaft lining construction, subway porch etc.These vertical are when the excavation explosion, and the explosion section is big, generally at tens square meter to tens square meters; Single hop detonating charge amount is big, and blasting vibration harm is big, simultaneously; Because the scope of freedom is single during the vertical explosion, even adopt more explosive also to be difficult to obtain higher cyclic advance, the explosive utilization rate is lower.
At present, the blasting method that adopts in the vertical blast working mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is segment blast, promptly in construction, vertical is divided into several sections, carries out blasting in groups.The advantage of blasting in groups is that the single hop of explosive all is reduced with total dose, thereby blasting harm significantly reduces; Simultaneously, owing to adopt segment blast, the explosion rock mass has two scope of freedoms in advance, thereby the explosive utilization rate obtains raising to a certain degree, has guaranteed blasting efficiency.But the shortcoming of existing segment blast is also fairly obvious, wherein, will carry out the working face scarfing cinder after every completion onepull; Advance drill carriage perforating, powder charge then, prepare the next round explosion, thereby; Each cyclic advance will carry out 2~3 scarfing cinders usually, advance rig, has restricted driving speed greatly, the engineering of particularly having relatively high expectations for speed of application; Like the excavation of subway base station, segment blast can't be satisfied construction requirement.Another kind of blasting method is a full face blasting, and the explosion principle of this method is similar with the tunnelling explosion, adopts Cut Blasting to combine with photoface exploision.At first, carry out Cut Blasting, form the vallecular cavity of certain limit after the explosion at the vertical center; Adopt then to postpone detonating technique, around the vallecular cavity that has formed outwards continuous demolition gradually, last; When arriving the vertical periphery, adopt little dose to carry out photoface exploision again, accomplish the vertical blasting process.The tradition full face blasting is technological, has overcome the drawback of segment blast, each circulation primary perforating, and onepull, a scarfing cinder has improved drivage efficiency to a certain extent.But the explosive use amount is bigger when adopting full face blasting, thereby no matter is to the borehole wall or to above ground structure, and the blasting harm of bringing can not be ignored, and also brings no small influence to normal construction.
How to improve existing vertical Technology of Blasting, improve under the prerequisite of construction speed, reduce harm and influence that blasting process brings neighboring buildings, guarantee construction quality, just become the problem that the present invention will solve.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of safe, reliable, efficient, driving method of vertical explosion cheaply.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of vertical explosion driving method comprises:
A, edge be the directional fracture big gun hole of explosion vertical periphery one circle sealing in advance; V-cut big gun hole at preparatory two groups of different depths of explosion rock mass center arrangement; With V-cut big gun hole is that the center is outwards arranged two circle holes, three circle holes successively ... In the main armament hole, arrange until accomplishing full section big gun hole; The degree of depth in said main armament hole is less than the degree of depth in V-cut big gun hole.
B, employing axial air spaced loading method are put into explosive in the joint-cutting pipe, and the high-precision electronic detonator are inserted in each section powder charge in the joint-cutting pipe, accomplish the making of joint-cutting cartridge bag.
C, technological according to joint-cutting cartridge bag directional fracture blasting is placed into the joint-cutting cartridge bag in the directional fracture big gun hole of preparatory explosion vertical periphery.
D, according to double-wedge Cut Blasting technology and rock behavio(u)r; In V-cut big gun hole and main armament hole, carry out conventional charge; After the clay stemming sealing, according to directional fracture big gun hole-more shallow V-cut big gun hole group-dark circle hole, group-two circle hole-three, V-cut big gun hole-... Firing order, adopt the millisecond delay detonation mode; Accomplish full face blasting, realize the explosion driving of vertical.
Spacing between the said directional fracture big gun hole is 400mm~800mm.
The angle on said V-cut big gun hole and ground is 70~85 degree.
Blast hole depth is 2000mm~3000mm in the group of said more shallow V-cut big gun hole, and blast hole depth is 5000mm~6000mm in the group of dark V-cut big gun hole, and the distance between two groups of V-cut big gun holes is 400mm~600mm.
The degree of depth in said main armament hole is less than the blast hole depth 100mm~300mm in dark V-cut big gun hole.
The width of slit of said joint-cutting pipe is 2mm~6mm, and the joint-cutting bore is identical with the diameter of explosive.
In the said joint-cutting cartridge bag, other high-precision electronic detonator of same section is inserted into respectively in each powder charge section, after the joint-cutting cartridging axially not the coupling charging coefficient be 1~2.
The mode in said joint-cutting cartridge bag filling big gun hole is coupling charging not radially, and radially the coupling charging coefficient is not 1.3~2.6.
Explosive specific charge is 1.00~1.40kg/m in the said V-cut big gun hole
3Said two circle holes, three circle holes ... Deng explosive specific charge in the main armament hole is 0.60~1.20kg/m
3
The upper and lower in the V-cut big gun hole of said two groups of different depths upwards also can be provided with 4-6 auxiliary keyhole, two circle holes, three circle holes ... Be centered around the V-cut big gun hole and the auxiliary keyhole outside in the main armament hole; Firing order be directional fracture big gun hole-more shallow V-cut big gun hole group-dark V-cut big gun hole group-auxiliary circle hole, keyhole-two circle hole-three-... In the main armament hole, auxiliary keyhole is a conventional charge, and explosive specific charge is 0.60~1.20kg/m in the auxiliary keyhole
3
Vertical explosion driving method of the present invention adopts the high-precision electronic detonator, and directional fracture blasting technology and double-wedge Cut Blasting technology are combined, and has realized the onepull of big section vertical.Owing at first adopt directional fracture blasting to form precracking at the vertical periphery, reduced destruction greatly to country rock, precracking plays the effect that reduces blasting vibration simultaneously, has increased security.Double-wedge Cut Blasting The Application of Technology has improved the explosive charge energy utilization ratio, has improved driving speed, has reduced cost.The application of high-precision electronic detonator makes that the maximum dose of single hop is controlled, has further reduced blasting vibration.That driving method according to the invention has is safe, reliable, efficient, outstanding advantage cheaply, is particularly suitable for that the vertical that driving speed and shotfiring safety have higher requirements is carried out explosion and tunnels.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the method for the invention is arranged sketch map in the overall big gun hole of circular cross section vertical in the explosion tunneling process;
Fig. 2 is that the B-B of Fig. 1 is to cutaway view;
Structural representation when Fig. 3 is joint-cutting cartridge bag filling big gun according to the invention hole;
Fig. 4 is that the A-A of Fig. 3 is to cutaway view.
The specific embodiment
The objective of the invention is vertical is carried out fast, efficient, safe explosion driving, shaft section area shape wherein both can be circular, also can be rectangle or other shape of subway station mining process, did not have any restriction at this.
With the circular shaft section is example:
Blocking-up explosion part and non-explosion stress conduction path are partly mainly played in circular directional fracture big gun hole, to reduce blasting process to the influence of non-explosion part and the vibration of generation.Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, directional fracture big gun hole 3 is scattered in the circle of sealing in this example, and near the periphery of preparatory explosion vertical.Wherein, the spacing in directional fracture big gun hole 3 is 400mm~800mm, and the spacing in directional fracture big gun hole 3 should be by the Protodyakonov coefficient decision of actual rock, and formation hardness is big more, and borehole spacing is more little, but ultimate range should not surpass 800mm, could guarantee the fracture effect like this.
Wherein, for guaranteeing the demolition effect in V-cut big gun hole, like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; The distribution number in more shallow V-cut big gun hole 1 and dark V-cut big gun hole 2 is 10 altogether; Between 70~85 degree, rock is hard more usually for the angle on its big gun hole and ground, and angle is more little.And the explosion section is big more, and the distribution number in V-cut big gun hole is also many more.
For further improving the demolition effect in V-cut big gun hole; Bring into play the effect in V-cut big gun hole to greatest extent; Guarantee driving speed; Blast hole depth is made as between 2000mm~3000mm in the group of more shallow V-cut big gun hole, and blast hole depth is made as between 5000mm~6000mm in the group of dark V-cut big gun hole, and the spacing in two groups of V-cut big gun holes is made as between 400mm~600mm.
For making the explosion of main armament hole thorough; Be distributed in the blast hole depth 100mm~300mm of the degree of depth in main armament holes such as two peripheral circle holes 5 of V-cut big gun hole and three circle holes 4 less than dark V-cut big gun hole 2; Like this; The blasting process in main armament hole acts on the top in dark V-cut big gun hole 2, can effectively guarantee blasting efficiency, and explosion is carried out in controlled range.
Certainly, the hardness according to explosion section size and rock also can continue distribute four circle holes, five circle holes or the like outside three circle holes 4, be arranged as standard to realize full section big gun hole.
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, usually, the spaced loading in the joint-cutting pipe 10 is the 2-3 section, and powder charge section 8 is two sections in this example, is air section 9 between two sections explosives, after the powder charge axially not the coupling charging coefficient be 1~2, promptly the ratio of coyote hole total length and loaded length is 1~2.And joint-cutting pipe 10 selects for use hard material to process, and like the PVC material, the width of joint-cutting 7 is 2mm~6mm, and the internal diameter of joint-cutting pipe 10 is identical with the diameter of explosive.The high-precision electronic detonator of same levels is inserted into respectively in each powder charge section 8, is used for igniting respectively the explosive of each powder charge section 8.Such structural design and Blasting Control can be brought into play explosive strength more fully, reduce the explosive use amount, reduce the vibration that blasting process produces to greatest extent.
This process mainly produces according to joint-cutting cartridge bag directional fracture blasting technology and double-wedge Cut Blasting technology.The directional fracture blasting technology is to utilize directional energy to produce the blasting process of expection, controlled blasting developing direction.Double-wedge Cut Blasting technology is to utilize the angle of inclination and the corresponding distribution position relation in big gun hole, and the rock fragment that explosion is produced is discharged by the predetermined direction explosion, forms the explosion of slotting formula.Wherein, explosive specific charge is 1.00~1.40kg/m in two groups of V-cut big gun holes
3, explosive specific charge is 0.60~1.20kg/m in two circle holes and the three circle holes
3
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, the joint-cutting cartridge bag adopts radially not coupling charging mode when filling big gun hole 11, and radially the coupling charging coefficient is not 1.3~2.6, and promptly the ratio of the diameter in big gun hole 11 and explosive diameter is 1.3~2.6.Tight for guaranteeing to connect airtight between every group of explosive cartridge, also fill up tamping, and guarantee that the shutoff length of clay stemming 6 on the big gun hole 11 is not less than 800mm with clay stemming 6.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2,, make whole explosion driving under controlled condition, carry out in order owing to adopt the millisecond delay detonating technique; It at first is preparatory quick-fried process near preparatory explosion vertical periphery directional fracture big gun hole 3; Producing the line that breaks in advance, then is the sequence blasting of more shallow V-cut big gun hole group and dark V-cut big gun hole group, makes the section center produce burn cut; Be two circle holes 5 and 4 explosions of three circle holes carried out of from coil to coil from inside to outside at last; Make the section vertical realize the onepull tunneling process, simplified the step of vertical explosion driving greatly, improved drivage efficiency.
Certainly; Above-mentioned is to describe with circular shaft for example; When need carry out the explosion driving to the rectangle vertical; Usually also can 4-6 auxiliary keyhole, two circle holes, three circle holes upwards be set at the upper and lower in the V-cut big gun hole of two groups of different depths ... Be centered around the outside of V-cut big gun hole and auxiliary keyhole in the main armament hole.Auxiliary keyhole plays the effect that enlarges the wedge shape vallecular cavity corresponding to the length direction of rectangle vertical in explosion.Correspondingly firing order then becomes: directional fracture big gun hole-more shallow V-cut big gun hole group-dark V-cut big gun hole group-auxiliary circle hole, keyhole-two circle hole-three-... In the main armament hole.Wherein, the auxiliary keyhole of setting up also is conventional charge, and explosive specific charge is 0.60~1.20kg/m
3Get final product.
The above; Be merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. vertical explosion driving method is characterized in that concrete steps comprise:
A, edge be the directional fracture big gun hole of explosion vertical periphery one circle sealing in advance; V-cut big gun hole at preparatory two groups of different depths of explosion rock mass center arrangement; With V-cut big gun hole is that the center is outwards arranged two circle holes, three circle holes successively ... In the main armament hole, arrange until accomplishing full section big gun hole; The degree of depth in said main armament hole is less than the degree of depth in V-cut big gun hole;
B, employing axial air spaced loading method are put into explosive in the joint-cutting pipe, and the high-precision electronic detonator are inserted in each section powder charge in the joint-cutting pipe, accomplish the making of joint-cutting cartridge bag;
C, technological according to joint-cutting cartridge bag directional fracture blasting is placed into the joint-cutting cartridge bag in the directional fracture big gun hole of preparatory explosion vertical periphery;
D, according to double-wedge Cut Blasting technology and rock behavio(u)r; In V-cut big gun hole and main armament hole, carry out conventional charge; After the clay stemming sealing, according to directional fracture big gun hole-more shallow V-cut big gun hole group-dark circle hole, group-two circle hole-three, V-cut big gun hole-... Firing order, adopt the millisecond delay detonation mode; Accomplish full face blasting, realize the explosion driving of vertical.
2. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the spacing between the said directional fracture big gun hole is 400mm~800mm.
3. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the angle on said V-cut big gun hole and ground is 70~85 degree.
4. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Blast hole depth is 2000mm~3000mm in the group of said more shallow V-cut big gun hole; Blast hole depth is 5000mm~6000mm in the group of dark V-cut big gun hole, and the distance between two groups of V-cut big gun holes is 400mm~600mm.
5. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth in said main armament hole is less than the blast hole depth 100mm~300mm in dark V-cut big gun hole.
6. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the width of slit of said joint-cutting pipe is 2mm~6mm, and the joint-cutting bore is identical with the diameter of explosive.
7. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the said step B, other high-precision electronic detonator of same section is inserted into respectively in each powder charge section, after the joint-cutting cartridging axially not the coupling charging coefficient be 1~2.
8. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, among the said step C, the mode in joint-cutting cartridge bag filling big gun hole is coupling charging not radially, and radially the coupling charging coefficient is not 1.3~2.6.
9. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, explosive specific charge is 1.00~1.40kg/m in the said V-cut big gun hole
3Said two circle holes, three circle holes ... Deng explosive specific charge in the main armament hole is 0.60~1.20kg/m
3
10. vertical explosion driving method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The upper and lower in the V-cut big gun hole of said two groups of different depths upwards also can be provided with 4-6 auxiliary keyhole, two circle holes, three circle holes ... Be centered around the V-cut big gun hole and the auxiliary keyhole outside in the main armament hole; Firing order be directional fracture big gun hole-more shallow V-cut big gun hole group-dark V-cut big gun hole group-auxiliary circle hole, keyhole-two circle hole-three-... In the main armament hole, auxiliary keyhole is a conventional charge, and explosive specific charge is 0.60~1.20kg/m in the auxiliary keyhole
3
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CN103063094A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 山东科技大学 | Channeling method in rapid roadway explosion |
CN103411491A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-27 | 中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 | Oil-gas pipeline emergency maintenance working pit blasthole layout structure |
CN103575172A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 安徽理工大学 | Novel roadway blasting construction method |
CN103758524A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-30 | 安徽水安建设集团股份有限公司 | Stage blasting tunneling vertical shaft construction method |
CN104406470A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Deep-hole slotting blasting method for large-diameter freezing shaft in west cretaceous system soft rock area |
CN104482816A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Gradient pre-splitting blasting method and device of lancing cartridges around vertical shaft |
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CN106285689A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 孙丽君 | A kind of reinforcing sealing device for ore deposit blast in well to pithead |
CN106285689B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-10-09 | 重庆川九建设有限责任公司 | It is a kind of to be used for reinforcing sealing device of the mine blast in well to pithead |
CN108708728A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-10-26 | 孙丽君 | It is a kind of to be used for reinforcing sealing device of the mine blast in well to pithead |
CN108708728B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-07-19 | 烟台三新新能源科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for mine blast in well to the reinforcing sealing device of pithead |
CN106871752A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-06-20 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of multiple V-cut structure and cut shot method |
CN107367204A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-21 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Gneiss terrains circular reservoir photoface exploision and rock burst substep release method |
CN107478524A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-15 | 武汉科技大学 | The experimental provision and its method that simulation oil storage tank responds under Blast Load effect |
CN109489510A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-19 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of method of mine shaft recovery project borehole wall fluting explosion |
CN110030888A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-19 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | The steel for shot method of deep hole subregion triangulation network slotting shaft formatting by one blasting engineering method |
CN110030888B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-04-27 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | Blast hole arrangement method for deep hole partition triangular mesh undermining one-time blasting well-forming construction method |
CN110671981A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Smooth blasting method for vertical shaft tunneling in high stress environment |
CN110671981B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-09-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Smooth blasting method for vertical shaft tunneling in high stress environment |
CN111551086A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 安徽理工大学 | Vertical hole progressive slotting method based on reinforced fracturing charge and single-face joint-cutting charge |
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