CN113154974B - Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method - Google Patents
Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113154974B CN113154974B CN202110548827.6A CN202110548827A CN113154974B CN 113154974 B CN113154974 B CN 113154974B CN 202110548827 A CN202110548827 A CN 202110548827A CN 113154974 B CN113154974 B CN 113154974B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a roadway capping smooth blasting method, and relates to the technical field of mine roadway blasting. The method divides the working face of the roadway into a cracking area and a light explosion area, a cut hole, an auxiliary hole and a bottom hole are arranged in the cracking area, peripheral holes are arranged in the light explosion area, and the light explosion area is subjected to top pressing blasting for one time after the cracking area is blasted for two times. The construction method reduces the drilling amount of the auxiliary holes, utilizes staggered arrangement among all circles of drilled holes, gives full play to the explosive charge in the holes, and carries out high-efficiency blasting on the excavated roadway, and because the large-section roadway adopts secondary top-pressing blasting, not only is the blasting free surface increased, but also the damage of large explosive amount to surrounding rocks is effectively prevented, the phenomenon of overbreak of the roadway is avoided, the self-supporting capability of the surrounding rocks is utilized, the cost reduction and the efficiency improvement are realized, and compared with the existing smooth blasting technology, the progress is improved by about 50%. The method is suitable for mine construction in a complex environment of a large-section hard rock stratum, and solves the problems of insufficient detonator section positions and large-section roadway construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine roadway blasting, in particular to a roadway capping smooth blasting method.
Background
Smooth blasting is firstly started in Sweden at the end of the 20 th century 50 years, is firstly used in Canada in 1952, and is a technology for controlling the action range and direction of blasting, so that the rock surface after blasting is smooth and flat, rock cracking is prevented, the workload of overbreak, underexcavation and supporting is reduced, the stability of a rock wall is increased, the damage effect of blasting on the reserved rock mass is reduced, and the excavation profile of the rock mass is further controlled.
The light explosion technology is generally applied to mine underground roadways, chambers and tunnel engineering, but the light explosion effect is influenced by factors such as the type, lithology and structure of initiating explosive devices, and the generated results are greatly different. Blasting parameters must be adjusted, for one-time blasting construction of a large-section hard rock layer tunnel, the number of sections of a detonator is insufficient, a certain error exists in the blasting sequence, the tunnel after blasting is over-underexcavated due to surrounding rock lithology, geological structure and the like of a working face, and the supporting and secondary rock drilling cost is increased; the generated large gangue blocks need to be crushed for the second time, otherwise, the accidents of well plugging and coal hole plugging are caused, and great hidden dangers are brought to transportation and lifting; the big section tunnel is detonating once, and the shock wave that big dose produced will produce the destruction to the country rock, causes the light explosion effect poor, and the tunnel roof receives the disturbance back, probably has the roof fall accident, causes the casualties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a roadway capping smooth blasting method, and provides a mine smooth blasting construction method suitable for a large-section hard rock stratum complex environment.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme: the roadway capping smooth blasting method comprises the following steps:
drawing a blasting chart, and distributing holes on a working surface according to the blasting chart according to the grade of the surrounding rock;
secondly, dividing the working face into a cracking area and a light explosion area, and cutting an undermining hole, an auxiliary hole and a bottom hole in the cracking area of the working face, wherein the undermining hole is 200mm longer than the auxiliary hole and the bottom hole;
filling detonator explosive according to the blasting design, sealing holes by using water stemming, and carrying out reverse charging on the drilled holes except for coal bed construction;
fourthly, connecting lines and checking a blasting network, and detonating the cut holes and then the auxiliary holes by utilizing a differential blasting technology from inside to outside;
fifthly, confirming the safety of the working face, checking whether a residual cannon exists or not, and carrying out slag tapping operation after no residual cannon exists;
sixthly, repeating the first step to the fifth step, performing the blasting operation of the fracture area again, and continuing to drive the roadway forwards;
step seven, carrying out the top pressing operation after two times of rupture zone blasting: performing peripheral hole drilling, charging, line connection and blasting operation in the light explosion area, wherein the peripheral hole is positioned on a profile line of the roadway, the depth of the peripheral hole is 1 to 2 times of the depth of the auxiliary hole in the breakage area, the peripheral hole adopts an interval charging mode, and the peripheral holes in the light explosion area are detonated simultaneously;
and step eight, confirming the safety of the working face again, and carrying out slag tapping and supporting after no residual cannon exists.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention reduces the drilling amount of the auxiliary holes, utilizes the staggered arrangement among all circles of the drill holes, fully exerts the explosive charge amount in the holes, carries out high-efficiency blasting on the excavated roadway, not only increases the blasting free surface due to the adoption of secondary capping blasting for the large-section roadway, but also effectively prevents the damage of the large explosive amount to the surrounding rock, avoids the phenomenon of overbreak of the roadway, realizes cost reduction and efficiency improvement by utilizing the self-supporting capability of the surrounding rock, and improves the progress by about 50 percent compared with the prior smooth blasting technology
The preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
and step two, drilling holes manually by matching a YT-28 air hammer with a hollow hexagonal alloy drill rod with the diameter of 22mm and a linear drill bit with the diameter of 42 mm.
The cut holes adopt a straight-hole cut mode, the depth of the cut holes is 2800mm, and the depth of the auxiliary holes and the bottom holes is 2600mm; the depth of peripheral holes ranges from 2600mm to 5200mm, the diameter of the peripheral holes ranges from 42mm, and the distance between the peripheral holes ranges from 420 mm to 500mm.
A 1 to 6-millisecond delay detonating tube is selected as the detonator; the explosive is emulsion explosive, the diameter of the explosive cartridge is phi 32mm, the length of the explosive cartridge is 200mm, and the weight of a single explosive cartridge is 0.2kg.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a section view of smooth blasting of a roadway drawn according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charge structure of a cut hole provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the charge configuration of the auxiliary hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a line drawing of a blast hole in a fracture zone provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a charge configuration diagram of a perimeter hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a line drawing of blast holes in a light explosion zone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention provides a roadway coping smooth blasting method, namely a smooth blasting technology of pilot tunnel and coping construction, which comprises the following steps:
step one, drawing a blasting chart, and distributing holes on a working face according to the blasting chart according to the grade of surrounding rocks, as shown in figures 1 to 3, wherein the number in figure 1 is a blast hole label, which is a combined figure of figures 6 and 8, and the meaning of the number label in figure 1 is the same as that of figures 6 and 8.
And step two, dividing the working surface into a cracking area and a light explosion area according to the blasting energy efficiency, wherein the light explosion area is arranged on the periphery of the cracking area. The method comprises the steps of drilling cut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom holes on a working face of a fracture area, wherein the cut holes are located in the middle of a roadway, and are formed along the axis of the roadway, the cut holes are barrel-shaped and consist of 4 empty holes and 5 medicine loading holes. The auxiliary holes are arranged around the cut hole, 2-5 circles of auxiliary holes are distributed at the periphery of the cut hole according to the section of the roadway, and the distance between the outermost circle of auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes is less than 700mm. The bottom of the roadway is provided with a bottom hole.
The hole drilling is carried out manually by adopting an YT-28 air hammer, a hollow hexagonal alloy drill rod with the diameter of 22mm and a linear drill bit with the diameter of 42 mm. The cut hole adopts the straight hole cut form, and the cut hole degree of depth is 2800mm, and the hole depth of cut hole is longer than auxiliary hole, bottom outlet 200mm, and auxiliary hole and bottom outlet size are the same, and auxiliary hole and bottom outlet degree of depth are 2600mm.
And step three, filling detonators and explosives into blast holes according to blasting design, sealing the holes by using water-stemming bags, and filling the blast holes in a reverse filling mode except for coal bed construction. The detonator is 1 to 6-section millisecond delay detonating tube detonator. The explosive is latex explosive, the diameter of an explosive cartridge is phi 32mm, the length of the explosive cartridge is 200mm, the weight of a single explosive cartridge is 0.2kg, and the explosive loading structures of the cut holes and the auxiliary holes are respectively shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5.
Fourthly, carrying out blast hole connection and checking a blasting network, detonating the cut holes first and then the auxiliary holes by utilizing a differential blasting technology, and detonating from inside to outside in a connection mode as shown in fig. 6, wherein the numbers in the drawing are blast hole labels, the labels 1 to 5 are cut holes, the labels 6 to 39 are auxiliary holes, and the labels 63 to 68 are bottom holes.
And fifthly, confirming the safety of the working face, checking the residual cannon, and carrying out slag tapping operation after confirming that no residual cannon exists.
And step six, repeating the operations from the step one to the step five in the roadway, performing the operation of the fracture area again, and tunneling a distance forwards.
Step seven, after the blasting of the two rupture zones is finished, namely after the roadway is tunneled forwards twice, carrying out top pressing operation on the light explosion zone (the side surface and the top surface of the roadway formed by the blasting of the two rupture zones): and (3) performing operations of drilling peripheral holes, charging, connecting lines and sounding guns in the light explosion area, wherein the peripheral holes are arranged on the contour line of the light explosion area. The length of the peripheral hole is 2 times of the length of the auxiliary hole in the cracking area, the depth of the peripheral hole is 2600 to 5200mm, the diameter of a blast hole of the peripheral hole is 42mm, and the distance between the peripheral holes is 420 to 500mm. The periphery holes are internally provided with spaced charges, as shown in figure 7, the connection mode is as shown in figure 8, the numbers in figure 8 are the numbers of the periphery holes, and the periphery holes in the light explosion area are simultaneously detonated. And (3) completely removing all underground operators from the blasting working surface during blasting, and adopting an exploder-detonator-explosive detonating system.
And step eight, confirming the safety of the working face again, and carrying out slag tapping and supporting operation after no residual cannon exists.
The working face is divided into a cracking area and a light explosion area according to blasting energy efficiency, less punching and multiple charging are carried out in the cracking area, millisecond differential orderly detonation is adopted, explosive energy is released, gangue is fully crushed, and since the last detonation auxiliary hole is far away from the contour line, shock waves are absorbed by surrounding rocks between the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes in the propagation process, the superposition of stress waves is not formed, and the surrounding rocks outside the contour line cannot be damaged by tangential stress generated by blasting. The top-pressing blasting is implemented under the condition that one free surface is additionally arranged, the row spacing and the length between blast holes are improved, the using amount of initiating explosive devices is reduced, the action range and the direction of blasting are effectively controlled, the rock surface after blasting is smooth and flat, rock cracking is prevented, the excessive excavation and supporting workload are reduced, the stability of a rock wall is increased, the destructive effect of blasting on the reserved rock mass is reduced, and the control of the excavation profile of the rock mass is further achieved.
By carrying out secondary detonation on a large-section roadway, drilling holes in a crushing area and charging more powder, the diameter of a drilled hole is improved by 50%, the drilling amount is reduced by about 40%, the charging amount is increased in the drilled hole, and the functions of undercutting and gangue crushing in the crushing area are realized by utilizing a differential blasting technology, so that a free surface is provided for a smooth blasting area; and (3) drilling on the contour line in the light explosion area, wherein the depth of the peripheral hole is 1 to 2 times of the depth of the auxiliary hole, blasting in the two free surfaces, effectively controlling the blasting range and direction, avoiding the superposition of stress waves with the auxiliary hole, reducing the disturbance to the surrounding rock and realizing high-precision light explosion.
The invention discloses a roadway capping smooth blasting method, which comprises two-time tunneling and one-time capping. The method reduces the drilling amount of the auxiliary holes, utilizes the staggered arrangement of all circles of drilled holes, fully exerts the explosive charge amount in the holes, and carries out high-efficiency blasting on the excavated roadway, and because the large-section roadway adopts secondary capping blasting, not only increases the blasting free surface, but also effectively prevents the damage of the large explosive amount to the surrounding rock, avoids the phenomenon of overbreak and undermining of the roadway, utilizes the self-supporting capability of the surrounding rock, realizes cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and improves the progress by about 50 percent compared with the prior smooth blasting technology. The method is suitable for mine construction in a complex environment of a large-section hard rock stratum, and solves the problems of insufficient detonator section positions and large-section roadway construction.
Finally, it is noted that: the above-mentioned list is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and naturally those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the present invention, which should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention provided they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A roadway capping surface blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drawing a blasting chart, and distributing holes on a working surface according to the blasting chart according to the grade of the surrounding rock;
step two, the working face is divided into a cracking area and a light explosion area, the light explosion area is arranged on the periphery of the cracking area, cut holes, auxiliary holes and bottom holes in the cracking area of the working face are cut, the cut holes are located in the middle of the roadway and are formed in a straight-hole cut mode along the axis of the roadway, the cut holes are barrel-shaped cut holes, and each cut hole is composed of 4 empty holes and 5 explosive loading holes; arranging auxiliary holes around the cut holes, and arranging 2 to 5 circles of auxiliary holes at the periphery of the cut holes according to the section of the roadway, wherein the cut holes are 200mm longer than the auxiliary holes and the bottom holes;
filling detonator explosive according to the blasting design, sealing holes by using water stemming, and carrying out reverse charging on the drilled holes except for coal bed construction;
fourthly, connecting the lines, checking a blasting network, and detonating the cut holes first and then the auxiliary holes from inside to outside by utilizing a differential blasting technology;
fifthly, confirming the safety of the working face, checking whether a residual cannon exists or not, and carrying out slag tapping operation after no residual cannon exists;
sixthly, repeating the first step to the fifth step, performing the blasting operation of the fracture area again, and continuing to drive the roadway forwards;
step seven, after the blasting of the two fractured zones, namely after the roadway is tunneled forward twice, carrying out the top pressing operation on the light fractured zone formed by the blasting twice: drilling peripheral holes, charging, connecting and blasting in the light explosion area, wherein the peripheral holes are positioned on a profile line of a roadway, the depth of the peripheral holes is 1 to 2 times of the depth of the auxiliary holes in the cracking area, the peripheral holes are filled at intervals, and the peripheral holes in the light explosion area are detonated simultaneously;
and step eight, confirming the safety of the working face again, and carrying out slag tapping and supporting after no residual cannon exists.
2. The roadway capping surface blasting method according to claim 1, wherein in the second drilling step, a YT-28 air hammer is used for manually drilling by matching with a hollow hexagonal alloy drill rod with the diameter of 22mm and a linear drill bit with the diameter of 42 mm.
3. The tunnel-capping smooth blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the undercut hole is 2800mm, and the depths of the auxiliary hole and the pilot hole are 2600mm; the depth of the peripheral holes ranges from 2600mm to 5200mm, the diameter of the peripheral holes ranges from 42mm, and the distance between the peripheral holes ranges from 420 mm to 500mm.
4. The tunnel capping surface blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the detonator is a 1 to 6 millisecond delay detonator; the explosive is emulsion explosive, the diameter of the explosive cartridge is phi 32mm, the length of the explosive cartridge is 200mm, and the weight of a single explosive cartridge is 0.2kg.
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| CN202110548827.6A CN113154974B (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method |
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| CN202110548827.6A CN113154974B (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method |
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| CN113154974A CN113154974A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113154974B true CN113154974B (en) | 2023-01-20 |
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| CN113959283B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-05-23 | 贵州华昱乾城科技服务有限公司 | Large-section tunnel blasting construction method |
| CN113932666A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-01-14 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Mountain tunnel accurate construction method and structure |
| CN113932668B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2023-10-20 | 库车县榆树岭煤矿有限责任公司 | Air column charge smooth blasting technical method based on multiple combined sections |
| CN114485304A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽开发矿业有限公司 | Simple light explosion drilling and charging method for medium-hard rock |
| CN115325894B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-29 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Third-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1030409A (en) * | 1961-12-22 | 1966-05-25 | Nitroglycerin Ab | Device for use in the loadiong of bore holes with explosive |
| CN108225137B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-11-08 | 河南神火煤电股份有限公司 | Rock roadway in coal mine tunnels cumulative smooth Hydraulic Blasting structure and method |
| CN108731554B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2024-06-28 | 惠州市兴鲁节能科技有限公司 | Tunnel smooth blasting uncoupled shaped charge device and charge method |
| CN110436367A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-12 | 唐山开滦建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Tunnel component installs pole and its construction method |
| CN111238322B (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-03-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rock roadway deep-hole multiple-wedge straight cut energy-gathering smooth blasting method |
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