CN108252651B - Method for fully mechanized mining face multipoint dispersion parallel type blast hole presplitting roof - Google Patents
Method for fully mechanized mining face multipoint dispersion parallel type blast hole presplitting roof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108252651B CN108252651B CN201810029026.7A CN201810029026A CN108252651B CN 108252651 B CN108252651 B CN 108252651B CN 201810029026 A CN201810029026 A CN 201810029026A CN 108252651 B CN108252651 B CN 108252651B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/007—Drilling by use of explosives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fully mechanized mining face multipoint dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting roof, which determines a drilling machine supporting angle according to the maximum mining height and the minimum mining height of a support arranged in a cutting hole on site, and determines the final hole depth and angle of the blast hole, the interval of the blast hole and the number of the blast holes according to the lithology of the roof; the invention provides a method for pre-splitting a top plate by using multi-point dispersion parallel type blast holes on a fully mechanized mining face, which is beneficial to complete collapse of the top plate, reduces the collapse impact range of a suspended roof to the maximum extent and improves the collapse efficiency of the top plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a method for pre-splitting a roof by a multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole on a fully mechanized coal mining face.
Background
After the fully mechanized caving face is installed, initial mining and initial caving are carried out, according to the past experience and mode, in order to ensure the smooth initial caving of the face, a plurality of groups of deep hole blastholes are respectively arranged in the upper and lower crossheading directions towards the face side, the purpose of pre-cracking the top plate in advance and enabling the top plate to smoothly collapse is achieved in the process of advancing the face, however, the method is long in drilling time, labor, material and labor are consumed, the number of working hours is large, the comprehensive pre-cracking effect is not good, the top plate can collapse only when the face is advanced for about 30-40m, the area of the suspended top is large, impact waves accompanying the collapse are large in damage to working face operators and mechanical equipment, and accidents are easily caused by dust and toxic and harmful gases when the top plate collapses in a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting of the top plate of the fully mechanized coal mining face, which is beneficial to complete collapse of the top plate, reduces the collapse impact range of the suspended roof to the maximum extent and improves the collapse efficiency of the top plate.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for the multi-point dispersed parallel type blast hole pre-splitting roof of the fully mechanized coal mining face comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a drilling machine supporting angle according to the maximum mining height and the minimum mining height of a support arranged in the cutting hole, and determining the final hole depth and angle of the blast holes, the interval of the blast holes and the number of the blast holes according to the lithology of the top plate;
step two: blast holes are drilled in the coal face cutting holes, the coal wall on the stoping side and the coal wall on the working face are drilled at intervals of the blast holes, the blast holes are obliquely drilled in the working face top plate and parallel to the working face, and the blast holes are drilled uniformly at equal intervals along the working face cutting hole;
step three: a first group of blastholes are arranged in the upper crossheading, the first group of blastholes comprise an upper crossheading blasthole S1 and an upper crossheading blasthole S2, the coal walls on the stoping side and the coal walls on the working face are arranged at the interval of the upper crossheading blasthole S1, and the upper crossheading blasthole S1 is inclined to the top plate of the working face and is arranged in parallel to the direction of the crossheading; the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S2 and the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S1 is one meter; then sequentially arranging auxiliary blastholes at intervals in the length direction of the upper crossheading;
step four: repeating the construction operation steps in the third step in the lower crossheading, wherein the blast holes of the lower crossheading are distributed consistently with the blast holes of the upper crossheading;
step five: blasting explosive bags are arranged in the cutting holes, the blasting holes of the upper crossheading and the blasting holes of the lower crossheading, a plurality of water blasting muds are firstly used for lightly pounding the blasting explosive bags at the bottom when the mud is sealed, then the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes, and the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes;
step six: blasting according to the sequence from the working face cutting hole to the lower crossheading to the upper crossheading, wherein blastholes arranged in the working face cutting hole are subjected to group blasting from the machine head to the machine tail in sequence, and blastholes arranged in the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading are subjected to group blasting from inside to outside in sequence;
step seven: and observing the caving condition of the top plate of the goaf in the process of pushing the working face, if the top plate is fully caved, finishing the advanced presplitting blasting work, and if the top plate is not fully caved, continuously setting blast holes on the working face, the upper gate and the lower gate according to the scheme until the top plate is caved.
Further, blastholes in the cutting holes are blasted before the working face hydraulic support is installed and trial production is carried out, blastholes in the upper and lower crossheading ranges from the working face coal wall to the working face coal wall within 35m are blasted before the working face is installed and trial production is carried out, and blastholes outside the range from the working face coal wall to the working face coal wall within 35m are blasted along with the working face mining advance to the working face coal wall by 35 m.
Further, the blasting adopts grouped charging and grouped blasting, one group is blasted each time, and the blasting time is not more than 3 blastholes; 2 upper crossheading blasts at one time, 1 lower crossheading blast at one time, 3 lower crossheading blasts at one time, the charges are charged in the forward direction, and the explosives in the group are connected in series.
Further, including the drilling rod, detachable drill bit is installed to the one end of drilling rod, the drill bit includes that base member and an organic whole set up cutter on the base member, the base member is the conical body structure, just base member and the coaxial setting of drilling rod, the tip of base member outwards, just be provided with blade subassembly on the tip of base member, blade subassembly includes the broken blade that a plurality of circular arrays arranged the setting, and three groups cutter equidistance interval sets up in the outside of base member, just the cutter exceeds the top of base member.
Furthermore, the cutter is of a wedge-type block structure, a wedge surface of the cutter faces the axis of the drill rod and inclines towards one side away from the end part of the base body, at least one knife edge insert is embedded in the wedge surface and is arranged opposite to the blade assembly, at least one reinforcing insert is embedded in the outer side of the cutter and is made of strip-shaped hard alloy, the reinforcing insert is arranged in a manner of being parallel to the axis direction of the drill rod, and the outer edge of the reinforcing insert protrudes out of the outer side surface of the cutter.
Furthermore, link up on the base member and seted up the apopore, it is a plurality of the apopore is close to the cutter setting respectively, just apopore slope sets up towards the scarf of adjacent cutter.
Has the advantages that: the invention changes the thinking mode of the prior crossheading centralized presplitting, adopts the method of arranging the multipoint dispersed parallel blast holes on the cutting holes and the upper and lower crossheading to advance presplitting the working face top plate, is beneficial to the complete collapse of the top plate, reduces the area of the suspended ceiling to the maximum extent, reduces the collapse impact range of the suspended ceiling, improves the collapse efficiency of the top plate, ensures the safety of the fully-mechanized mining working face, and can efficiently and smoothly finish the initial mining and initial release; the drilling rod for drilling the blast holes is further included, so that the drilling rod is effectively suitable for drilling the blast holes under different geological conditions, and the drill jamming phenomenon is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the arrangement of blastholes of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the arrangement of blastholes of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the drill rod structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the attached drawings 1 to 3, the method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting roof of the fully mechanized coal mining face comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a drilling machine supporting angle according to the maximum mining height and the minimum mining height of a support arranged in the cutting hole, and determining the final hole depth and angle of the blast holes, the interval of the blast holes and the number of the blast holes according to the lithology of the top plate;
step two: blast holes are drilled in the coal face cutting holes, the coal wall on the stoping side and the coal wall on the working face are drilled at intervals of the blast holes, the blast holes are obliquely drilled in the working face top plate and parallel to the working face, and the blast holes are drilled uniformly at equal intervals along the working face cutting hole;
step three: a first group of blastholes are arranged in the upper crossheading, the first group of blastholes comprise an upper crossheading blasthole S1 and an upper crossheading blasthole S2, the coal walls on the stoping side and the coal walls on the working face are arranged at the interval of the upper crossheading blasthole S1, and the upper crossheading blasthole S1 is inclined to the top plate of the working face and is arranged in parallel to the direction of the crossheading; the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S2 and the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S1 is one meter; then sequentially arranging auxiliary blastholes at intervals in the length direction of the upper crossheading;
step four: repeating the construction operation steps in the third step in the lower crossheading, wherein the blast holes of the lower crossheading are distributed consistently with the blast holes of the upper crossheading;
step five: blasting explosive bags are arranged in the cutting holes, the blasting holes of the upper crossheading and the blasting holes of the lower crossheading, a plurality of water blasting muds are firstly used for lightly pounding the blasting explosive bags at the bottom when the mud is sealed, then the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes, and the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes;
step six: blasting according to the sequence from the working face cutting hole to the lower crossheading to the upper crossheading, wherein blastholes arranged in the working face cutting hole are subjected to group blasting from the machine head to the machine tail in sequence, and blastholes arranged in the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading are subjected to group blasting from inside to outside in sequence;
step seven: and observing the caving condition of the top plate of the goaf in the process of pushing the working face, if the top plate is fully caved, finishing the advanced presplitting blasting work, and if the top plate is not fully caved, continuously setting blast holes on the working face, the upper gate and the lower gate according to the scheme until the top plate is caved.
Blasting is carried out on blastholes in the cutting holes before the mounting of the hydraulic support on the working face is finished and the trial production is carried out, blasting is carried out on blastholes in the range of the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading from the coal wall of the working face to the coal wall of the working face within 35m, blasting is carried out on blastholes outside the range of 35m from the coal wall of the working face along with the back mining of the working face and the blasting is carried out when the blastholes advance to the coal wall of the working face by 35 m.
The blasting adopts the group charging and the group blasting, one group is blasted each time, and the blasting time is not more than 3 blastholes; 2 upper crossheading blasts at one time, 1 lower crossheading blast at one time, 3 lower crossheading blasts at one time, the charges are charged in the forward direction, and the explosives in the group are connected in series.
The invention changes the thinking mode of the prior crossheading centralized presplitting, adopts the method of arranging the multipoint dispersed parallel blast holes on the cutting holes and the upper and lower crossheading to advance the presplitting working face top plate, is beneficial to the complete caving of the top plate, reduces the area of the suspended ceiling to the maximum extent, reduces the caving impact range of the suspended ceiling, improves the caving efficiency of the top plate, ensures the safety of the fully-mechanized mining working face, and can efficiently and smoothly finish the initial mining and initial caving. In practical production application, the bracket is completely pushed into the range of 5-10m of the cutting hole, the top plate is completely collapsed, the collapse step distance of the top plate is shortened by 25-30m compared with the collapse step distance of the top plate in the prior method in the range of 30-40m, top coal can be put on the working face in the range of 25-30m for stoping, the coal mining yield can be increased, and the economic benefit can be improved.
The practical application in the first coal mining operation production in Aksu region is taken as an example, the fully mechanized caving face is regularly and rectangularly arranged, the length of a cutting hole is 60m, the length of an upper gate groove is 706.2m, the length of a lower gate groove is 703.5m, the average running length of the working face is 704.9m, the thickness of a coal seam is 5.2-5.8 m, the average length of 5.5m, the inclination angle of the coal seam is 22-30 degrees, the gradient of the working face is about 27 degrees, the cutting length of the working face is 58.6m, no fracture structure is disclosed in the process of tunneling the upper gate groove, the lower gate groove and the cutting hole, and the geological condition of the working face. A working face supports a top plate by adopting a ZF4800/17/30 hydraulic support and a ZFG4800/19/32 type transition hydraulic support, a drilling machine supporting angle is determined according to the maximum mining height and the minimum mining height of the supports installed in the cutting holes on site, the final hole depth and angle of the blastholes, the blasthole distance and the number of the blastholes are determined according to the lithology of the top plate, and the blasthole setting scheme is finally determined.
After the working face is cut and brushed, a KHYD155 type rock drilling machine is respectively arranged at the position 3m and the position 90m away from the crossheading stoping side coal wall in the cutting hole. And (3) constructing the pre-splitting top plate holes in the cutting holes by using a KHYD155 rock drilling machine according to design requirements, and after the drilling in the cutting holes is finished, respectively transporting the drilling machine to the pre-splitting top plate holes in the upper and lower crossheading construction crossheading. Comprehensively considering factors such as roof lithology, previous experience of pre-splitting roof of similar working faces, selected rock drilling machine adaptive conditions, equipment influence of equipment in the crossheading and the like, the pre-splitting roof hole is designed as follows:
pre-splitting top plate eye design in the incision: first set of blastholes: 3m away from the upper crossheading stoping side coal wall, 0.5m away from the working face coal wall, 75 degrees of included angle with the working face top plate, inclination parallel to the working face (towards the upper end direction) and final hole depth of 8 m. And (3) the rest blastholes: the distance between each blast hole and the previous blast hole is 3m, the distance between each blast hole and the coal wall of the working face is 0.5m, the included angle between each blast hole and the top plate of the working face is 75 degrees, the included angle is parallel to the inclination of the working face (towards the direction of the upper end head), and the depth of a final hole is 8 m. The working face cutting inclined length is 186.5m, and 60 blastholes are arranged in total.
Designing an upper gate way pre-splitting top plate hole: and S1# blasthole: 5m away from the side coal wall of the cutting hole old pond, 1.5m away from the upper gate way stoping side coal wall, 75 degrees of included angle with the gate way top plate, parallel to the gate way trend (towards the goaf direction) and 8m of final hole depth.
And S2# blasthole: 5m away from the side coal wall of the cutting hole old pond, 2.5m away from the upper gate way stoping side coal wall, 75 degrees of included angle with the gate way top plate, parallel to the gate way trend (towards the goaf direction) and 8m of final hole depth.
And (3) the rest blastholes: and the distance between each group of blast holes is 3m, and the rest parameters of each group of blast holes refer to the blast holes of S1# and S2# for construction.
Designing a pre-splitting top plate hole of a lower gate way: x1# blasthole: 5m away from the side coal wall of the cutting hole old pond, 1.5m away from the lower crossheading stoping side coal wall, 75 degrees of included angle with a crossheading top plate, direction parallel to the crossheading (towards the goaf), and final hole depth of 8 m. And (3) the rest blastholes: and the distance between each blast hole and the previous blast hole is 3m, and the rest parameters of each group of blast holes are constructed according to the X1# blast holes.
And blasting in groups in sequence after blast hole construction is finished, so that the propulsion of a working face and the coal seam recovery are ensured.
As shown in figure 4, a drilling rod 1 for fully mechanized coal mining face multiple spot dispersion parallel type porthole presplitting roof, detachable drill bit is installed to the one end of drilling rod 1, convenient maintenance and change, the drill bit includes that base member 8 and an organic whole set up cutter 2 on the base member 8, base member 8 is the conical body structure, just base member 8 and the coaxial setting of drilling rod, the tip of base member 8 outwards, just be provided with blade subassembly 5 on the tip of base member 8, blade subassembly 5 includes that a plurality of circular arrays arrange the broken blade that sets up, three groups 2 equidistance intervals of cutter set up in the outside of base member 8, just cutter 2 exceeds the top of base member 8. In actual mining work, different regions, different depths of geology have different soil properties, and multiple environments such as hard, high viscosity or loose soil are provided, when a general drill rod encounters loose soil and high viscosity soil, the drill rod is easy to stick or block, so that the drill rod is worn, and the progress is greatly influenced.
The cutter 2 is of a wedge-type block structure, a wedge surface 7 of the cutter faces the axis of the drill rod, the wedge surface 7 is arranged on one side far away from the end portion of the base body 8 in an inclined mode, at least one knife edge insert 6 is embedded in the wedge surface 7, the knife edge insert 6 and the blade assembly 5 are arranged oppositely, drilled soil moves towards the middle area enclosed by the cutter through the wedge surface and is crushed through a crushing blade when the drill rod rotates, meanwhile, the knife edge insert 6 plays a role in increasing the strength of the cutter and reduces abrasion of the cutter, at least one reinforcing insert 3 is embedded in the outer side of the cutter 2, the reinforcing insert 3 is made of strip-shaped hard alloy, the reinforcing insert 3 is arranged in a direction parallel to the axis of the drill rod, and the outer side edge of the reinforcing insert 3 protrudes out of the outer side face of the cutter 2. During drilling, broken stones or hard objects in soil are crushed by the strengthening insert 3 and the knife edge insert 6, so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Link up on the base member 8 and seted up apopore 4, it is a plurality of apopore 4 is close to cutter 2 setting respectively, just apopore 4 slopes to set up towards the scarf of adjacent cutter 2. The heating value of the drill bit during drilling is reduced, the durability of the cutter is improved, and meanwhile, the cutter edge insert 6 on the wedge surface can be subjected to cooling and washing to prevent drill jamming.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole presplitting roof of the fully mechanized coal mining face is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a supporting angle of the drilling machine according to the maximum mining height and the minimum mining height of a support arranged in the cutting hole, determining the final hole depth and angle of the blast holes, the interval of the blast holes and the number of the blast holes according to the lithology of a top plate, and drilling the blast holes through a drill rod (1) on the drilling machine;
step two: blast holes are drilled in the coal face cutting holes, the coal wall on the stoping side and the coal wall on the working face are drilled at intervals of the blast holes, the blast holes are obliquely drilled in the working face top plate and parallel to the working face, and the blast holes are drilled uniformly at equal intervals along the working face cutting hole;
step three: a first group of blastholes are arranged in the upper crossheading, the first group of blastholes comprise an upper crossheading blasthole S1 and an upper crossheading blasthole S2, the coal walls on the stoping side and the coal walls on the working face are arranged at the interval of the upper crossheading blasthole S1, and the upper crossheading blasthole S1 is inclined to the top plate of the working face and is arranged in parallel to the direction of the crossheading; the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S2 and the distance between the upper crossheading blastholes S1 is one meter; then sequentially arranging auxiliary blastholes at intervals in the length direction of the upper crossheading;
step four: repeating the construction operation steps in the third step in the lower crossheading, wherein the blast holes of the lower crossheading are distributed consistently with the blast holes of the upper crossheading;
step five: blasting explosive bags are arranged in the cutting holes, the blasting holes of the upper crossheading and the blasting holes of the lower crossheading, a plurality of water blasting muds are firstly used for lightly pounding the blasting explosive bags at the bottom when the mud is sealed, then the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes, and the clay blasting muds are used for sealing the holes;
step six: blasting according to the sequence from the working face cutting hole to the lower crossheading to the upper crossheading, wherein blastholes arranged in the working face cutting hole are subjected to group blasting from the machine head to the machine tail in sequence, and blastholes arranged in the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading are subjected to group blasting from inside to outside in sequence;
step seven: observing the caving condition of the top plate of the goaf in the process of advancing the working face, if the top plate is fully collapsed, finishing the advanced presplitting blasting work, and if the top plate is not fully collapsed, continuously setting blast holes on the working face, the upper gate and the lower gate according to the scheme until the top plate is collapsed;
a detachable drill bit is installed at one end of the drill rod (1), the drill bit comprises a base body (8) and cutters (2) integrally arranged on the base body (8), the base body (8) is of a conical body structure, the base body (8) and the drill rod are coaxially arranged, the small end of the base body (8) faces outwards, a cutter assembly (5) is arranged on the small end of the base body (8), the cutter assembly (5) comprises a plurality of crushing blades arranged in a circular array mode, the three groups of cutters (2) are arranged on the outer side of the base body (8) at equal intervals, and the cutters (2) are higher than the top end of the base body (8);
the cutter (2) is of a wedge-type block structure, a wedge surface (7) of the cutter faces the axis of the drill rod, the wedge surface (7) is inclined towards one side far away from the end of the base body (8), at least one knife edge insert (6) is embedded in the wedge surface (7), the knife edge insert (6) and the blade assembly (5) are arranged oppositely, at least one reinforcing insert (3) is embedded in the outer side of the cutter (2), the reinforcing insert (3) is made of strip-shaped hard alloy, the reinforcing insert (3) is arranged in a direction parallel to the axis of the drill rod, and the outer side edge of the reinforcing insert (3) protrudes out of the outer side surface of the cutter (2).
2. The method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting of the fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1, wherein: blasting is carried out on blastholes in the cutting holes before the mounting of the hydraulic support on the working face is finished and the trial production is carried out, blasting is carried out on blastholes in the range of the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading from the coal wall of the working face to the coal wall of the working face within 35m, blasting is carried out on blastholes outside the range of 35m from the coal wall of the working face along with the back mining of the working face and the blasting is carried out when the blastholes advance to the coal wall of the working face by 35 m.
3. The method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting of the fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1, wherein: the blasting adopts the group charging and the group blasting, one group is blasted each time, and the blasting time is not more than 3 blastholes; 2 upper crossheading blasts at one time, 1 lower crossheading blast at one time, 3 lower crossheading blasts at one time, the charges are charged in the forward direction, and the explosives in the group are connected in series.
4. The method for the multi-point dispersion parallel type blast hole pre-splitting of the fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1, wherein: link up on base member (8) and seted up apopore (4), it is a plurality of apopore (4) are close to cutter (2) setting respectively, just apopore (4) slope sets up towards the scarf of adjacent cutter (2).
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| CN110645854B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2022-03-04 | 太原理工大学 | Pre-splitting blast hole for arranging initial mining hard roof of fully mechanized mining face and online detonating method |
| CN110685691B (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-12-01 | 山东科技大学 | Forced roof caving method for hard roof |
| CN113107486B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-09-19 | 库车县科兴煤炭实业有限责任公司 | Initial mining and initial setting drilling construction method for coal face |
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|---|---|
| CN108252651A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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