CN110906822A - Deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing root bottom based on digital detonator - Google Patents
Deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing root bottom based on digital detonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110906822A CN110906822A CN201911317881.9A CN201911317881A CN110906822A CN 110906822 A CN110906822 A CN 110906822A CN 201911317881 A CN201911317881 A CN 201911317881A CN 110906822 A CN110906822 A CN 110906822A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing the root bottom based on a digital detonator. The method comprises the following steps: drilling; the inside of the hole is segmented into a lower charging section, a lower blocking section, an upper charging section and an orifice blocking section; charging in sections; networking and detonating; when in detonation, the detonation sequence and the time interval are strictly set through a digital detonator. According to the invention, the sectional blasting in the hole is carried out, the blasting sequence and the time interval are strictly set through the digital detonator, and the rockfill generates relative dislocation in space after the blasting of the front-row lower explosive loading section, so that a face-to-empty surface is created for the bottom of the step of the back-row hole, the clamping effect of the front-row rock on the bottom of the step is reduced, and the constraint condition is changed; simultaneously, the blocking effect of the bottom blocking section can prevent explosive gas from escaping too early, the action time of the explosive gas at the bottom of the hole is prolonged, the explosion energy is fully utilized, the stress strength of the line resisting part of the chassis is increased, the rock mass at the part of the chassis can be fully crushed, the generation of explosion root bottom is greatly reduced, and the flatness of the bottom plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and particularly relates to a deep hole blasting explosive charge and detonation method for reducing the root bottom based on a digital detonator.
Background
The open-pit deep-hole bench blasting is widely applied to projects such as water conservancy and hydropower projects, mines, tunnels, highways and the like, the specific gravity is increased year by year, and according to incomplete statistics, the open-pit deep-hole blasting accounts for 90% in iron ore mining, about 70% in chemical raw material mining and nearly 100% in building material mining. Therefore, the quality of blasting greatly influences the progress and benefit of the project. The blasting quality is improved mainly by reducing the generation of large blocks and roots and reducing the unit consumption of explosive and the secondary crushing amount thereof.
In the traditional deep hole step blasting, due to the reasons of improper mesh parameter selection, unreasonable initiation sequence and millisecond interval time, insufficient bottom charging and the like, the blasting energy is difficult to overcome the clamping effect of bottom rocks, and the bottom of a step is easy to leave a root; and because the explosive in the blast hole is unbalanced and the explosive on the upper part is less, the upper part of the step is easy to generate large blocks. Although some improved explosive charging methods also use a spaced explosive charging technology, the upper section of explosive is detonated first and the lower section of explosive is detonated later during detonation, and the effect of blocking the bottom explosive is difficult to achieve due to the small spacing length, and the effect of reducing the root bottom is not obvious. The clearance root and secondary blasting can increase equipment wear, influence scraper efficiency, increase the folk prescription cost of earth and stone side, both can delay the construction progress, also can increase construction cost. The method for reducing blasting root bottom commonly used in engineering at present is to properly deepen during drilling and reduce the position of a charging center so as to effectively overcome the resistance of the bottom of a step to reduce the root bottom, but the method often remains the root bottom due to the short action time of the explosive because of the rapid escape of the blockage and the detonation product.
The new invention and technology for reducing the blasting root is mainly used for realizing the purposes in the ways of optimizing mesh parameters and charging structures, improving the blocking structure, increasing bottom energy gathering devices and the like. For example, patent CN105135962A, the explosive charging structure of sectional explosive charging and mixed explosive charging is adopted in the blast hole, high explosive is charged at the bottom, and common explosive is charged at the upper part, the method overcomes the overlarge resistance at the bottom of the step by increasing the explosive energy at the bottom of the hole, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the root, but the use of high explosive can increase the construction cost and cause great damage to the bottom reserved rock mass; as in patent CN109029170A, the blasting quality is improved by adopting fan-shaped arranged blast holes to optimize the distribution of explosive blasting energy, but the operation of the fan-shaped arranged blast holes is complicated, the lofting precision is difficult to control accurately, the clamping effect of the bottom plate is difficult to overcome effectively, and the effect of reducing the blasting root is not obvious; on the other hand, some patents improve the blasting quality by improving the blast hole blocking technology, such as patent CN104374239A, a buffer air bag group is arranged at the orifice blocking section to prevent the blast hole from punching and increase the acting time of blasting gas, but the blocking method is complicated in construction and operation; patent CN107687799A, patent CN208620912U, etc. describe some devices for reducing the generation of blasting root, which either form cracks at the bottom of the hole during blasting through special structures to facilitate further breaking of the rock mass at the bottom of the hole by blasting load, or make the blasting energy fully utilized through special energy collecting devices, but these devices have the structure and size special to meet the requirements, and have no universality and poor economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the conventional open-air deep hole step blasting, and provides a deep hole blasting charge and initiation method for reducing the root bottom based on a digital detonator, which can obviously reduce the generation of blasting root bottom and improve the blasting effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing the root bottom based on a digital detonator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 2, in-hole segmentation: the blast hole is sequentially divided into a lower charging section, a lower blocking section, an upper charging section and an orifice blocking section from bottom to top;
Further, in the step 3, the length of the lower charging section is 1.5-4.0 times of the ultra-deep length of the blast hole, and the total charging length is not less than 1.5m, so that the effect is optimal.
Further, in the step 3, the lower explosive charging section adopts coupled explosive charging, when cylindrical explosive charging is adopted, an explosive packaging bag is cut open, and a metering orifice pipe is used for tamping.
Further, in the step 4, the length of the lower blocking section is 10-30 times of the diameter of the blast hole, so that the effect is optimal.
The invention has the following functions and effects: compared with the traditional step blasting method, the method has the advantages that the same blast hole is subjected to in-hole segmented blasting, the blasting sequence and the time interval are strictly set through the digital detonator, the lower explosive charge is firstly blasted, and the upper explosive charge is then blasted, so that the relative dislocation of the rockfill generated after the lower explosive charge of the front row is blasted is generated in space, a free face is created for the bottom of the step of the back row hole, the clamping effect of the rock of the front row on the bottom of the step is reduced, and the constraint condition is changed; meanwhile, the blocking effect of the bottom blocking section is added, so that the explosive gas can be prevented from escaping too early, the acting time of the explosive gas after the hole bottom explosive explodes is prolonged, the explosion energy of the explosive is fully utilized, the stress strength of the line resisting part of the chassis is increased, the rock mass of the chassis part can be fully crushed, the generation of the explosion root bottom is greatly reduced, and the flatness of the bottom plate is improved; meanwhile, due to the increase of the blank surface, the charge amount of the charge section at the upper part of the blast hole can be properly reduced, and the blast hole is more economical and practical.
The invention can effectively reduce the generation of blasting root, and greatly reduce the workload of secondary blasting; meanwhile, the explosive consumption is reduced, the labor intensity of workers and the abrasion of equipment are reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the engineering benefit is improved. Can be widely used in engineering blasting practice in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, mines, traffic and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole charging structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a lower charging section, 2-1 is a digital electronic detonator in the lower charging section, 2-2 is a digital electronic detonator in the upper charging section, 3 is a lower blocking section, 4 is a detonator leg wire, 5 is an upper charging section, 6 is an orifice blocking section, and 7 is a rock mass.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic initiation network according to the present invention, which is exemplified by two rows of blast holes.
In the figure, I is a detonating station, II is a blast hole, and each figure in the figure is the delay time of a digital detonator of the blast hole, wherein the number outside indicates the delay time of the digital detonator of a lower charging section, and the number inside brackets indicates the delay time of the digital detonator of an upper charging section, and the unit is as follows: and (4) MS.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the single row blast hole initiation sequence of the present invention.
In the figures, ①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑧, ⑨ and ⑩ indicate the initiation sequence of the corresponding charge segments.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
The height of a step is 10m, the ultra-depth is 1.0m, the inclination angle of a drill hole is 90 degrees, the hole depth is 11.0m, the diameter of the drill hole is 110mm, the interval row spacing is 4.5 x 3m, and the blast hole is filled with 3.0 m. The emulsion explosive with the detonation velocity of 3200-4200 m/s is adopted, but the problem that the number of the blasting roots is large in the early construction process is not solved all the time. Therefore, the blasting method for reducing the root base based on the digital detonator provided by the invention is adopted to reduce the generation rate of the blasting root base.
The blast hole charging structure and the initiation method provided by the embodiment comprise the following steps:
(1) and (3) drilling a blasting hole with the diameter of 110mm and the depth of 11.0m, wherein the depth is 1.0 m.
(2) Length of each segment of the blast hole: the lower charge section is 2.0 m; the lower plugging section is 2.8 m; the upper charge section was 3.2 m; the orifice-plugging section was 3.0 m.
(3) Injecting emulsion explosive at the bottom of a blast hole to form a lower explosive loading section 1, scratching an explosive packaging bag, tamping the explosive packaging bag by using a metering orifice pipe, arranging a digital detonator 2-1 in the lower explosive loading section 1, and pulling a detonator leg wire 4 upwards to be connected into an explosion network.
(4) After the bottom of the blast hole is filled with explosive, the lower blocking section 3 is formed by blocking with rock debris.
(5) And (3) continuously injecting emulsion explosive to form an upper explosive loading section 5, arranging a digital detonator 2-2 to be connected to an explosion network, and finally blocking the hole section with rock debris to form a hole blocking section 6.
(6) And (3) connecting a detonating network, detonating the lower explosive charge sections of the same row of blast holes 30ms before the upper explosive charge sections, detonating the bottom explosive charge section of the first row of blast holes firstly, then detonating the lower explosive charge sections of each row of blast holes and the upper explosive charge sections of the front row of blast holes simultaneously, checking the detonating network, and networking for detonating after safety is confirmed.
According to the deep hole blasting explosive charge and the detonation method for reducing the root bottom based on the digital detonator, after blasting, macroscopical inspection is carried out, the root bottom does not appear at the bottom of the step basically, the blasting block size is uniform, and large blocks are few.
Claims (4)
1. A deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing the root bottom based on a digital detonator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, drilling according to blasting design;
step 2, in-hole segmentation: the blast hole is sequentially divided into a lower charging section, a lower blocking section, an upper charging section and an orifice blocking section from bottom to top;
step 3, reinforced charging is carried out on the bottom of the blast hole, a lower charging section is formed in a coupling charging mode, and a digital electronic detonator is arranged in the lower charging section;
step 4, blocking the upper part of the lower charging section by rock debris to form a lower blocking section;
step 5, charging above the lower blocking section according to a preset blasting design to form an upper charging section, wherein the charging amount of the upper charging section is less than that of the lower charging section, and a digital electronic detonator is arranged in the upper charging section;
step 6, blocking by using rock debris to form an orifice blocking section;
step 7, networking and detonating, wherein the detonating sequence and the time interval are strictly set through a digital detonator during detonating, the lower explosive charging section is detonated before the upper explosive charging section in the same blast hole, and the detonating interval is 10-50 ms; the detonation time of the explosive charges on the upper parts of the blast holes in the same row lags behind the detonation time of the adjacent blast holes by more than 30 ms.
2. The deep hole blasting charge and initiation method for reducing root base based on the digital detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the length of the lower explosive loading section is 1.5-4.0 times of the ultra-deep length of the blast hole, and the total explosive loading length is not less than 1.5 m.
3. The deep hole blasting charge and initiation method for reducing root base based on the digital detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3, carrying out coupled explosive charging on the lower explosive charging section, scratching an explosive packaging bag when the cylindrical explosive is charged, and tamping by using a metering orifice pipe.
4. The deep hole blasting charge and initiation method for reducing root base based on the digital detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the length of the lower blocking section is 10-30 times of the diameter of the blast hole.
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| CN201911317881.9A CN110906822A (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Deep hole blasting charge and detonation method for reducing root bottom based on digital detonator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111895872A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-06 | 长安大学 | In-hole charging structure for controlling blasting root bottom and construction method thereof |
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| CN111895872B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-08-19 | 长安大学 | In-hole charging structure for controlling blasting root bottom and construction method thereof |
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