CN108952726B - Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode - Google Patents
Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN108952726B CN108952726B CN201810729046.5A CN201810729046A CN108952726B CN 108952726 B CN108952726 B CN 108952726B CN 201810729046 A CN201810729046 A CN 201810729046A CN 108952726 B CN108952726 B CN 108952726B
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- blasting
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- perforating
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining, wherein the blasting process of mining ore rocks in the surface mining comprises the perforation and blasting of the steps, the step perforation and blasting sequentially carry out vertical perforation and blasting on the steps from top to bottom, and the step hole distribution mode is divided into square hole distribution, rectangular hole distribution or triangular hole distribution. The invention has the advantages that: because the perforating position of the next step blasting hole and the perforating position of the previous step blasting hole are arranged in a staggered manner, the perforating operation of a drilling machine on scum is reduced, the efficiency of the drilling machine is improved, and the waste hole rate is reduced; the perforation position of the next step blasting hole is the position where the acting force of the blasting funnel generated by the previous step blasting is the minimum, so that the effective utilization of the blasting energy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal deposit open-pit mining blasting, and particularly relates to a staggered perforating method for blasting upper and lower adjacent steps of a medium-length hole in open-pit mining.
Background
The blasting work is an important process for the open-pit mining of metal ore deposit, and the quality of blasting has great influence on the subsequent works such as mining, loading, transportation, coarse crushing and the like. The blasting process of the mining rock of the surface mine comprises the steps of perforating and blasting, the steps of perforating and blasting are sequentially and vertically perforated and blasted from top to bottom, and the step hole distribution mode is divided into square hole distribution, rectangular hole distribution or triangular hole distribution. The height of the common mine step is 12m, and the ultra-depth is 2.5-3m during the perforation, so as to overcome the bottom root. After the last step blasting, because the blasting funnel effect down, make the rock of ultra-deep position not hard up, there is the dross in blasting funnel effect area when next step perforation operation, the drilling machine needs to guarantee the drill way stability with a large amount of water in the perforation on the dross, and it is great not only to reduce the drilling machine operating efficiency but also to the wearing and tearing of drill bit like this, places easily to take place the drill way and collapses for a long time, has increased the useless hole rate. The filling height after single-hole charging is about 7.5m generally, the explosive is concentrated on the lower half part in the hole, the mass rate is higher after the explosive is charged above the explosive loading part after blasting, if the vertical level of the hole positions of the upper step and the lower step is closer, the same part has the same rock property, the parameters of the hole network of the blasting are generally the same, the blasting energy generated by the upper step blasting and the next step blasting is superposed, the energy of the part is enhanced, but the blasting energy of other parts between the two holes is reduced, and the balanced distribution of the blasting energy is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for perforating adjacent steps above and below in deep hole blasting in open-pit mining in a staggered manner, which reduces the perforating operation of a drilling machine on scum; the reasonable arrangement of the perforation positions of the upper step and the lower step can ensure that the blasting energy reaches the most balanced state, thereby reducing the block rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining, wherein the blasting process of mining ore rocks in the surface mining comprises the perforation and blasting of the steps, the step perforation and blasting sequentially carry out vertical perforation and blasting on the steps from top to bottom, and the step hole distribution mode is divided into square hole distribution, rectangular hole distribution or triangular hole distribution.
The perforation position of the previous step blasting hole, the perforation distance of two adjacent transverse blasting holes is a hole distance a, the perforation distance of two adjacent longitudinal blasting holes is a row distance b, and the perforation position of the next step blasting hole and the perforation position of the previous step blasting hole are staggered: the transverse direction is a/2, and the longitudinal direction is b/2.
The invention has the advantages that: because the hole distribution mode that the hole position of the next step blasting hole and the hole position of the previous step blasting hole are staggered is adopted, the drilling operation of the drilling machine on the scum is reduced, the abrasion of the drill bit is reduced, the efficiency of the drilling machine is improved, and the waste hole rate is reduced; the perforation position of the next step blasting hole is the position where the acting force of the blasting funnel generated by the previous step blasting is the minimum, and the energy generated by the next step blasting and the energy generated by the previous step blasting funnel reach the most balanced state, so that the effective utilization of blasting energy is improved, and the generation of large blocks on the upper part is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a mesh arrangement of an upper step and a lower step.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the parameters of the earth's surface mesh in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the method for perforating the vertically adjacent steps by means of deep hole blasting in surface mining comprises the steps of perforating and blasting, wherein the steps of perforating and blasting are sequentially perforated and blasted vertically from top to bottom, and the step hole distribution mode is divided into square hole distribution, rectangular hole distribution or triangular hole distribution. In fig. 2, the neutralizing hollow circle is a perforation position 1 of the previous step blasting hole, and the solid circle is a perforation position 2 of the next step blasting hole.
As shown in fig. 2, the perforation position 1 of the previous step blasting hole, the perforation distance of two adjacent horizontal blasting holes is a hole distance a, the perforation distance of two adjacent longitudinal blasting holes is a row distance b, and the perforation position 2 of the next step blasting hole is staggered from the perforation position 1 of the previous step blasting hole by a distance: the transverse direction is a/2, and the longitudinal direction is b/2.
In the figure, H is the step height, and the step 4 is generally 12m in height.
In the figure, 5 is the funnel generated after the explosion of the previous step 3, 6 is the funnel generated after the explosion of the next step 4, and the rock at the explosion funnel part is loosened, and the position of the perforation position 2 of the explosion hole of the next step 4 is arranged in a staggered way with the position of the perforation position 1 of the explosion hole of the previous step 3. The part is the minimum stress part after the previous step blasting, so that the scum is less during the perforation, the operation efficiency of the drilling machine is high, and the pore-forming rate is high; and the energy can be fully exerted during the next step blasting, so that the blasting energy of the upper step and the lower step can reach a balanced state, and finally the blasting quality can reach the optimum.
Claims (1)
1. A method for perforating the upper and lower adjacent steps of deep hole blasting in surface mining includes such steps as drilling and blasting, perforating and blasting for each step from top to bottom,
the step hole distribution mode is divided into square hole distribution, rectangular hole distribution or triangular hole distribution, and is characterized in that after the blasting mining of the previous step is finished, the perforation position of the blasting hole of the next step is determined, and the perforation position of the blasting hole of the next step and the perforation position of the blasting hole of the previous step are arranged in a staggered mode;
and the perforation distance of two adjacent transverse blasting holes is a hole distance a, the perforation distance of two adjacent longitudinal blasting holes is a row distance b, the dislocation distance between the perforation position of the next step blasting hole and the perforation position of the previous step blasting hole is transverse a/2, and the longitudinal direction is b/2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810729046.5A CN108952726B (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810729046.5A CN108952726B (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108952726A CN108952726A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108952726B true CN108952726B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810729046.5A Active CN108952726B (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2018-07-05 | Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111122383B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-09-16 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Open stope fine acceptance method based on ore type and grade division |
| CN112683120B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-09-03 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Method for blasting frozen soil layer of surface mine |
| CN114705092A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-05 | 车兆学 | Method for uniformly positioning and continuously distributing ground coordinates for strip mine bench blasting drilling |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102506623A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-06-20 | 兰州大学 | Deep-hole and shallow-hole combined bench blasting method capable of reducing blasting boulder rate |
| CN102562070B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-04-30 | 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 | Process and system for striping and mining solid ore rock masses of surface mine |
| CN105202984A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-30 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Blasting method for improving step deep hole blasting quality by using auxiliary blast holes |
| CN105571419B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-04-12 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Blasting method capable of effectively reducing blasting boulder yield of surface mine |
| CN106895751A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-27 | 中交公局第五工程有限公司 | A kind of medium-length hole blasting calculating method |
| CN106869936A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-20 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of to be suitable to the surface mining new method of steep slope topography |
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