CN108709467B - Method for fine blasting by replacing vertical deep hole with downward fan-shaped deep hole - Google Patents
Method for fine blasting by replacing vertical deep hole with downward fan-shaped deep hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN108709467B CN108709467B CN201810270943.4A CN201810270943A CN108709467B CN 108709467 B CN108709467 B CN 108709467B CN 201810270943 A CN201810270943 A CN 201810270943A CN 108709467 B CN108709467 B CN 108709467B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
A method for fine blasting by replacing vertical deep holes with downward fan-shaped deep holes relates to the technical field of prospecting and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following operation steps of stoping and rock drilling, stoping design optimization, designing of a downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping process, determining blasting parameters, detonating network connection, perforating and correcting, determining explosive filling requirements and charging and blasting. The method is reasonable, and can reduce workload, improve equipment utilization rate and increase work progress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of prospecting, in particular to a method for fine blasting by replacing a vertical deep hole with a downward fan-shaped deep hole.
Background
At present, due to the continuous and large drop of the price of iron ore, the development of iron ore enterprises in China faces a serious challenge, the mining difficulty is increased due to the deterioration of resource conditions, and the social and economic development also puts forward a new requirement on the mine development. Therefore, in order to meet the change of the industrial situation and the requirement of the era, a mining technology must be continuously developed, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are realized through measures such as application of a new technology, technical transformation and the like, and enterprise competitiveness is improved.
The zhuang mine adopts a vertical deep hole stage chamber method for stoping, wherein the width of a chamber is 15 meters in one step, and the width of a chamber is 18 meters in the second step. 2-3 drilling chambers need to be tunneled in each chamber, the planar projection area of the tunneling amount of each drilling chamber accounts for 85% of the area of the stoping chamber, the tunneling amount of each chamber is large, the construction period is long, and the production cost is high.
And blasting and stoping Zhangzhuang ore by adopting a vertical deep hole stage chamber method, drilling a medium-length hole with the diameter of 65mm upwards by using an YGZ90 drilling machine in an ore receiving roadway, drilling a trench, and drilling a parallel deep hole with the diameter of 165mm downwards by using a T150 down-the-hole drilling machine in a rock drilling chamber, wherein the hole depth is 45 m. The planar projection area of the tunneling amount of the drilling chamber accounts for 85% of the area of a stoping chamber, the actual bench drilling amount of a down-the-hole drilling machine used for vertically and downwards parallel deep holes is 40m, the speed is low compared with 140 m of the bench drilling machine for the medium-deep holes of a SimbaH1254 top hammer type rock drilling machine, and the rock drilling efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a method for replacing vertical deep hole fine blasting with downward fan-shaped deep holes, which is reasonable, can reduce workload, improve equipment utilization rate and increase working progress.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the fine blasting method of replacing vertical deep hole with downward fan-shaped deep hole is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the following operation steps,
firstly, stoping rock drilling:
the mining method mainly adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stoping subsequent filling mining method, the height of a chamber is 60m, the width is 15-20m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body; adopting a T-150 down-the-hole drilling trolley to drill a vertical deep hole downwards in a stope drilling chamber by deep hole stoping rock drilling, wherein the diameter of a blast hole is phi 165mm, the depth of the blast hole is about 41m, and the hole pattern parameter is 3m by 3 m; the height of the bottom is 15m, a Simba1254 rock drilling jumbo is adopted, the aperture is 76mm, the row spacing is 1.8-2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2-2.5 m;
step two, stoping design optimization:
designing a rock drilling tunnel with the width and the height of 5m and 4m at the horizontal boundary of the two-step mining room-390 as a rock drilling chamber shared by the one-step mining room and the two-step mining room;
according to the performance of the rock drilling equipment, a downward fan-shaped hole is adopted at the upper part 30m of the chamber, and an upward fan-shaped hole simultaneous stoping mode is adopted at the lower part 30 m;
adopting a copper crown KQG100 type drilling machine in Shangling city to construct upward fan-shaped holes, wherein the drilling capacity is 45000 m/year, the effective operation hole depth is 0-30m, and the aperture is phi 76 mm; the upper downward sector hole adopts a CS150D type drilling machine, the effective operation hole depth is 0-60m, the drilling capability is 45000 m/year, and the hole diameter is phi 89 mm;
step three, designing a downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping process:
the downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping is fan-shaped deep hole full lateral blasting and comprises three parts, namely a cutting groove formed by large-diameter deep hole blasting, a downward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom-drawing formation part and an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom-drawing part, wherein the vertical ore caving heights of the upward fan-shaped deep hole and the downward fan-shaped deep hole are equal;
the positive row of blast holes adopt JWL-DXRH-2 type on-site mixed loading machine developed by chemical cooperation in south China to mechanically load and continuously charge;
detonating the explosive by adopting a high-precision detonating tube detonator, and carrying out full lateral ore caving blasting from the cutting groove along the stope direction to finish blasting the whole stope;
step four, establishing blasting parameters:
according to the Rivenston blasting funnel theory, the formula of the minimum resistance line
And the empirical formula W is 25-30 d;
step five, detonating the network connection:
a high-precision high-strength detonating tube detonator hole-by-hole detonating network is adopted, the interval between adjacent blast holes in the same row is 25ms, the interval between rows is 41ms, the interval between oblique rows is 17ms, and the time contour line tends to be smooth;
step six, perforation correction:
in order to solve the problem of blast hole deflection:
① adopts a large aperture of phi 89mm, and if necessary, a stabilizing rod device is added to drill downward fan-shaped holes, thereby improving the drilling precision.
② use blast hole deflectometer (model MDL shielded Boretrak) and laser range finder (model Nikon-3) to ensure accurate angle and depth of blast hole and deflection of hole bottom within 20cm
Step seven, determining the explosive filling requirement:
① the detonator is made by adding small diameter emulsion cartridge in the detonator shell, the detonation wave propagation direction is controlled by the detonator placing position, the hole bottom is placed to the hole detonator, the detonation gas is guaranteed to be detained in the hole to do work better, and the edge is protected, the hole bottom is placed to the holes 1-6, the super-explosion of the inter-panel column is reduced, the charging hole opening is placed to the holes 7-11, the smoothness of the edge of the 1304 ore column after explosion is guaranteed;
② the charging height is strictly controlled towards the hole, JWL-DXRH-2 underground mixed charging explosive vehicle is adopted, the pipe feeder and the charging system are controlled by the remote controller, the charging amount of each hole is preset on the control panel according to the charging parameters, the corresponding blast hole number is selected, the automatic charging is started, when the charging amount reaches the set value, the system is automatically stopped, and the charging amount is accurate;
step eight, charging and blasting: adopting a common emulsion explosive or ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, a non-electric detonating system, a cutting groove and an inverted bench side ore caving mode; the step pitch of the reverse bench side ore-caving and ore-caving is 12-18m, and a detonating tube, a detonating cord and a non-electric millisecond detonator are adopted, and the step differential blasting and the V-shaped detonating sequence are carried out in a segmented mode;
the aperture diameter is phi 89mm in order to ensure that the downward hole deflection is within a controllable range.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tunneling engineering quantity of the rock drilling chamber is reduced by 80 percent;
2. the utilization rate of the existing rock drilling equipment is reasonably utilized, and the overall rock drilling efficiency is improved;
3. blasting parameters are optimized, explosive distribution density is reasonably adjusted, and the unit consumption of the explosive is reduced;
4. collecting rock drilling and blasting data and accumulating the rock drilling and blasting recovery experience;
5. compared with the original design, the mining standard roadway of one panel area saves 19200m by calculating the length of the chamber by 100 meters3The average per stope is saved by 3840m3, compared with the construction of vertical parallel hole drilling, the chamber tunneling work amount is saved by 80%, the new mining process is relatively reduced by 68 ten thousand yuan per single stope, and one panel area is saved by 340 ten thousand yuan;
6. the emulsified base material is only explosive raw material or semi-finished product before being filled into blast holes, has no detonator sensitivity, belongs to 5.1-grade oxidant, and reduces the safety risk in the processes of transportation, storage and use;
7. the explosive prepared by field mixed loading has stable properties, can realize mechanical continuous charging operation, can reduce field operators and operation time compared with the prior operation mode, can reduce labor intensity by automatically feeding and withdrawing pipes, can complete multi-stope circular operation, and meets the requirement of high-efficiency construction.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below.
Example (b):
the fine blasting method of replacing vertical deep hole with downward fan-shaped deep hole is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the following operation steps,
firstly, stoping rock drilling:
the mining method mainly adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stoping subsequent filling mining method, the height of a chamber is 60m, the width is 15-20m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body; adopting a T-150 down-the-hole drilling trolley to drill a vertical deep hole downwards in a stope drilling chamber by deep hole stoping rock drilling, wherein the diameter of a blast hole is phi 165mm, the depth of the blast hole is about 41m, and the hole pattern parameter is 3m by 3 m; the height of the bottom is 15m, a Simba1254 rock drilling jumbo is adopted, the aperture is 76mm, the row spacing is 1.8-2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2-2.5 m;
step two, stoping design optimization:
designing a rock drilling tunnel with the width and the height of 5m and 4m at the horizontal boundary of the two-step mining room-390 as a rock drilling chamber shared by the one-step mining room and the two-step mining room;
according to the performance of the rock drilling equipment, a downward fan-shaped hole is adopted at the upper part 30m of the chamber, and an upward fan-shaped hole simultaneous stoping mode is adopted at the lower part 30 m;
adopting a copper crown KQG100 type drilling machine in Shangling city to construct upward fan-shaped holes, wherein the drilling capacity is 45000 m/year, the effective operation hole depth is 0-30m, and the aperture is phi 76 mm; the upper downward sector hole adopts a CS150D type drilling machine, the effective operation hole depth is 0-60m, the drilling capability is 45000 m/year, and the hole diameter is phi 89 mm;
step three, designing a downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping process:
the downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping is fan-shaped deep hole full lateral blasting and comprises three parts, namely a cutting groove formed by large-diameter deep hole blasting, a downward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom-drawing formation part and an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom-drawing part, wherein the vertical ore caving heights of the upward fan-shaped deep hole and the downward fan-shaped deep hole are equal;
the positive row of blast holes adopt JWL-DXRH-2 type on-site mixed loading machine developed by chemical cooperation in south China to mechanically load and continuously charge;
detonating the explosive by adopting a high-precision detonating tube detonator, and carrying out full lateral ore caving blasting from the cutting groove along the stope direction to finish blasting the whole stope;
step four, establishing blasting parameters:
according to the Rivenston blasting funnel theory, the formula of the minimum resistance line
And the empirical formula W is 25-30 d;
step five, detonating the network connection:
a high-precision high-strength detonating tube detonator hole-by-hole detonating network is adopted, the interval between adjacent blast holes in the same row is 25ms, the interval between rows is 41ms, the interval between oblique rows is 17ms, and the time contour line tends to be smooth;
step six, perforation correction:
in order to solve the problem of blast hole deflection:
① adopts a large aperture of phi 89mm, and if necessary, a stabilizing rod device is added to drill downward fan-shaped holes, thereby improving the drilling precision.
② use blast hole deflectometer (model MDL shielded Boretrak) and laser range finder (model Nikon-3) to ensure accurate angle and depth of blast hole and deflection of hole bottom within 20cm
Step seven, determining the explosive filling requirement:
① the detonator is made by adding small diameter emulsion cartridge in the detonator shell, the detonation wave propagation direction is controlled by the detonator placing position, the hole bottom is placed to the hole detonator, the detonation gas is guaranteed to be detained in the hole to do work better, and the edge is protected, the hole bottom is placed to the holes 1-6, the super-explosion of the inter-panel column is reduced, the charging hole opening is placed to the holes 7-11, the smoothness of the edge of the 1304 ore column after explosion is guaranteed;
② the charging height is strictly controlled towards the hole, JWL-DXRH-2 underground mixed charging explosive vehicle is adopted, the pipe feeder and the charging system are controlled by the remote controller, the charging amount of each hole is preset on the control panel according to the charging parameters, the corresponding blast hole number is selected, the automatic charging is started, when the charging amount reaches the set value, the system is automatically stopped, and the charging amount is accurate;
step eight, charging and blasting: adopting a common emulsion explosive or ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, a non-electric detonating system, a cutting groove and an inverted bench side ore caving mode; the step pitch of the reverse bench side ore-caving and ore-caving is 12-18m, and a detonating tube, a detonating cord and a non-electric millisecond detonator are adopted, and the step differential blasting and the V-shaped detonating sequence are carried out in a segmented mode;
the aperture diameter is phi 89mm in order to ensure that the downward hole deflection is within a controllable range.
The properties and contents of the explosives used for explosive charging blasting are as follows:
TABLE 1
Blasting at 5300 and 5700 m/s;
the iron ore has high hardness and high wave resistance, and three high explosives are preferably selected in principle; the bulk emulsification performance and economy in the above common explosive types are better;
blasting parameters the calculated blasting parameters were determined in combination with the rock properties as given in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
And (3) determining the optimal hole array charging parameters after optimization and comparison:
the loading of each hole of the upward fan-shaped hole and related parameters are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
The loading of each hole of the downward fan-shaped hole and related parameters are shown in the following table 4
TABLE 4
The high-precision high-strength detonator delay time is selected as the following table 5:
TABLE 5
The selected equipment to determine the blast is as follows in table 6:
TABLE 6
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. The fine blasting method of replacing vertical deep hole with downward fan-shaped deep hole is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the following operation steps,
firstly, stoping rock drilling:
the mining method mainly adopts a large-diameter deep hole stage open stoping subsequent filling mining method, the height of a chamber is 60m, the width is 15-20m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body; adopting a T-150 down-the-hole drilling trolley to drill a vertical deep hole downwards in a stope drilling chamber by deep hole stoping rock drilling, wherein the diameter of a blast hole is phi 165mm, the depth of the blast hole is 41m, and the hole pattern parameter is 3m by 3 m; the height of the bottom is 15m, a Simba1254 rock drilling jumbo is adopted, the aperture is 76mm, the row spacing is 1.8-2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2-2.5 m;
step two, stoping design optimization:
designing a rock drilling tunnel with width and height of 5m and 4m at the horizontal boundary of the two-step mining room-390 as a rock drilling chamber shared by the one-step mining room and the two-step mining room;
according to the performance of the rock drilling equipment, a downward fan-shaped hole is adopted at the upper part 30m of the chamber, and an upward fan-shaped hole simultaneous stoping mode is adopted at the lower part 30 m;
a copper crown KQG100 type drilling machine is adopted, upward sector holes are constructed, the drilling capacity is 45000 m/year, the effective operation hole depth is 0-30m, and the aperture is phi 76 mm; the upper downward sector hole adopts a CS150D type drilling machine, the effective operation hole depth is 0-60m, the drilling capability is 45000 m/year, and the hole diameter is phi 89 mm;
step three, designing a downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping process:
the downward fan-shaped deep hole stoping is fan-shaped deep hole full lateral blasting, and consists of three parts, namely a cutting groove formed by large-diameter deep hole blasting, a downward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom drawing and an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole bottom drawing, wherein the vertical ore caving heights of the upward fan-shaped deep hole and the downward fan-shaped deep hole are equal;
the positive row of blast holes adopt JWL-DXRH-2 underground mixed explosive truck machinery to load continuous explosive;
detonating the explosive by adopting a high-precision detonating tube detonator, and carrying out full lateral ore caving blasting from the cutting groove along the stope direction to finish blasting the whole stope;
step four, establishing blasting parameters:
according to the Rivenston blasting funnel theory, the formula of the minimum resistance line
And the empirical formula W is 25-30 d;
step five, detonating the network connection:
a high-precision high-strength detonating tube detonator hole-by-hole detonating network is adopted, the interval between adjacent blast holes in the same row is 25ms, the interval between rows is 41ms, the interval between oblique rows is 17ms, and the time contour line tends to be smooth;
step six, perforation correction:
in order to solve the problem of blast hole deflection:
①, adopting a large aperture with a diameter of 89mm, and adding a rod stabilizer to drill downward fan-shaped holes if necessary, thereby improving the drilling precision;
② uses blast hole deviator and laser range finder to ensure the accuracy of blast hole angle and depth and the hole bottom deflection within 20 cm;
step seven, determining the explosive filling requirement:
① the detonator is made by adding small diameter emulsion cartridge in the detonator shell, the detonation wave propagation direction is controlled by the detonator placing position, the hole bottom is placed on the hole detonator, the detonation gas is guaranteed to be detained in the hole to do work better, and the edge is protected, the hole bottom is placed on the No. 1-6 holes to reduce the super-explosion of the inter-panel column, the charging hole opening is placed on the No. 7-11 holes to guarantee the smoothness of the edge of the exploded ore column;
② the charging height is strictly controlled downwards, JWL-DXRH-2 underground mixed charging explosive vehicle is adopted, the pipe feeder and the charging system are controlled by the remote controller, the charging amount of each hole is preset on the control panel according to the charging parameters, the corresponding blast hole number is selected, the automatic charging is started, when the charging amount reaches the set value, the system is automatically stopped, and the charging amount is accurate;
step eight, charging and blasting: adopting a common emulsion explosive or ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, a non-electric detonating system, a cutting groove and an inverted bench side ore caving mode; the step pitch of the reverse bench side direction ore-caving and ore-caving is 12-18m, and a detonating tube, a detonating cord and a non-electric millisecond detonator are adopted, and the step differential blasting and the V-shaped detonating sequence are carried out in a segmented mode.
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| CN113090265A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-09 | 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司 | Novel 90m high and middle section fan-shaped deep hole stoping method |
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| CN102128033B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2013-01-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Continuous caving mining method |
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