CN105865279A - Block cutting type cut hole forced caving detonation method - Google Patents
Block cutting type cut hole forced caving detonation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865279A CN105865279A CN201610235846.2A CN201610235846A CN105865279A CN 105865279 A CN105865279 A CN 105865279A CN 201610235846 A CN201610235846 A CN 201610235846A CN 105865279 A CN105865279 A CN 105865279A
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- borehole
- parallel
- rice
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- top board
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
A block cutting type cut hole forced caving detonation method comprises the following steps that firstly, on a cut hole top plate, a plurality of parallel shot hole sets are formed in one plane parallel to the axial direction of cut holes in parallel, wherein each parallel shot hole set comprises at least one parallel shot hole, and the included angle a1 between each parallel shot hole and the surface of the top plate ranges from 70 degrees to 85 degrees and faces the work face advancing direction; and secondly, on the cut hole top plate, each of multiple planes perpendicular to the axial direction of the cut holes is internally provided with a vertical shot hole set, and each vertical shot hole set comprises at least one vertical shot hole, wherein the included angle a2 between each vertical shot hole and the surface of the top plate ranges from 35 degrees to 85 degrees and faces the work face advancing direction, and in the axial direction, each vertical shot hole set is arranged between every two corresponding adjacent parallel shot hole sets. According to the method, it can be ensured that the cut hole top plate is advanced along with a work face and is collapsed in time, the roof weighting step at the initial stage is reduced, large-area top plate exposure is reduced, and the danger of rock burst is avoided.
Description
Technical field
It relates to Tunnel Engineering, well lane engineering, coal mining overhead caving blasting technique, particularly to one
Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method.
Background technology
When carrying out tunnel or roadway construction, during the advance of the face, the top board of hard huge thickness is not easy
Being caving, working face often can be caused to disclose top board area excessive, pressure from surrounding rock is big, ore deposit pressure presentation time concentration,
Intensity is big, easily causes top board large area roof fall and coal wall caving accident, can crush simultaneously, even kill and prop up
Frame, constitutes great threat to stope.Additionally, large-area empty top easily causes harmful gas such as gas
The unexpected ejection of body, causes the disasters such as gas explosion.
For the working face with tight roof, the overhead caving explosion cutting eye is most important.The most often
An overhead caving blasting method of cutting mainly tilt to beat tier eye along Qie Yan old man district, these boreholes
Or parallel, or sector, lie substantially in one be parallel to cut axis oculi to plane in.Although should
The method of kind is converted into three situations clamped, that simultaneously fall is propped up by the most clamped from four sides for top board, but due to huge thick hard
Resist the globality of plate and huge plate size stubbornly, be caving the most very good (seeing Fig. 1).If it is solid three
The huge plate propped up cuts into several sections therebetween by the way of explosion, forms the block that relative restraint is less,
Then it is easier to be caving, reduces the pressure to support.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of stripping and slicing formula and cuts an overhead caving blasting method, not only cutting on eye
Top board side, portion forms the plane of fracture by explosion, simultaneously by top to be collapsed in the plane vertical with axis
The top board fallen is divided into several pieces, and so under the Action of Gravity Field of top covering rockmass, little block is easier to be caving,
During guaranteeing the advance of the face, cut a top board and be caving in time, reduce initial stage water component, reduce large area
Top board is exposed, it is to avoid the danger of bump.
The one side of the disclosure provides a kind of stripping and slicing formula to cut an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on a top board, arranges many groups at the plane in parallel being parallel to cut an axial direction
Parallel borehole, often organizes parallel borehole and includes at least one parallel borehole, described parallel borehole and described top board table
The angle a1 in face is between 70 °-85 °, and described angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2: cutting on a top board, cloth in each plane being perpendicular to cut multiple planes of an axial direction
Putting one group of balanced hole, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and described balanced hole is with described
The angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, and described angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein
Along described axial direction, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a kind of stripping and slicing formula to cut an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on a top board, arranges many groups at the plane in parallel being parallel to cut an axial direction
Parallel borehole, often organizes parallel borehole and includes at least one parallel borehole, described parallel borehole and described top board table
The angle a1 in face is between 70 °-85 °, and described angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2: cutting on a top board, cloth in each plane being perpendicular to cut multiple planes of an axial direction
Putting one group of balanced hole, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and described balanced hole is with described
The angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, and described angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein
Along described axial direction, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group；And
Step 3: near the position of working face wall, cloth in back on the described tunnel, both sides cutting eye
Put multiple tunnels borehole, the angle a3 of described tunnel borehole and described back between 79 °-85 °,
Described angle a3 is towards working face direction.
Preferably, the group number of described parallel borehole is determined according to the length of described working face.
Preferably, the degree of depth of described parallel borehole is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, sealed depth
For 4-10 rice, in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 rice.
Preferably, each distance s 1 organized between parallel borehole is 20-50 rice.
Preferably, often group balanced hole includes multiple balanced hole, the plurality of balanced hole cloth equally spacedly
Put and cut on a top board described, and each balanced hole is unequal with the angle a2 of described top board surface.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of described balanced hole is 10-40 rice, and shot depth is 6-30 rice, closure
The degree of depth is 4-10 rice, and in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 rice.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole is 20-50 rice.
Preferably, the spacing between the borehole of adjacent tunnel is 2-5 rice.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of described tunnel borehole is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, closure
The degree of depth is 4-10 rice.
Compared with prior art, having the beneficial effects that of the disclosure is combined by two different form of borehole,
I.e. cutting the vertical big gun that a top board arranges the parallel borehole being parallel to each other simultaneously and is perpendicular to cut an axial direction
Eye, cuts into top board hard for huge thickness several pieces of sections, so that top board is very easy to be caving, can subtract
Few initial water component, reduces large area top board exposed, reduces the danger thus resulting in bump.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By combining accompanying drawing, disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail, the disclosure above-mentioned with
And other purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent from, wherein, in disclosure exemplary embodiment,
Identical reference number typically represents same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the floor map of the restriction relation being caving top board and country rock in prior art；
Fig. 2 shows that the stripping and slicing formula according to the first exemplary embodiment cuts a flow process for overhead caving blasting method
Figure；
Fig. 3 shows that the parallel borehole in exemplary embodiment and balanced hole arrange schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 shows the B-B generalized section along Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 shows the C-C generalized section along Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 shows that the tunnel borehole in the second exemplary embodiment arranges generalized section, and it is along Fig. 3
In D-D generalized section；
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b respectively illustrates being caving according to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment
The floor map of the restriction relation of top board and country rock.
Detailed description of the invention
It is more fully described preferred embodiment of the present disclosure below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although accompanying drawing shows this
Disclosed preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure and should be by not here
The embodiment illustrated is limited.On the contrary, it is provided that these embodiments are to make the disclosure more thorough and complete,
And the scope of the present disclosure intactly can be conveyed to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 2 shows that the stripping and slicing formula according to the first exemplary embodiment cuts a flow process for overhead caving blasting method
Figure, Fig. 3 shows that the parallel borehole in exemplary embodiment and balanced hole arrange schematic diagram, and Fig. 4 illustrates
B-B generalized section along Fig. 3, Fig. 5 shows the C-C generalized section along Fig. 3, wherein
B-B section and C-C section are each perpendicular to cut an axial direction A-A, and Fig. 6 shows the second exemplary enforcement
Tunnel borehole in example arranges generalized section, and it is the D-D generalized section along Fig. 3.
Describe below with reference to Fig. 2-5 and cut an overhead caving explosion side according to the stripping and slicing formula of the first exemplary embodiment
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on eye 1 top board, is being parallel to a plane in parallel cutting an axial direction A-A
Arrange the parallel borehole 2 of many groups, often organize parallel borehole and include at least one parallel borehole, parallel borehole and top board table
The angle a1 in face is between 70 °-85 °, and angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction.In the diagram, work
Face direction of propulsion points to the right side in figure.
Hydraulic pressure or air-driven impact can be utilized to bore and to get borehole.Generally, can be true according to face length
Allocate the group number of row borehole: such as, for the working face that 100-180 rice is long, can be along cutting an axial direction
Arranging the parallel borehole of 4-7 group, each distance s 1 organized between parallel borehole is 20-50 rice.
Preferably, the degree of depth of parallel borehole 2 is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, closure
The degree of depth is 4-10 rice, and in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 rice.
By arranging parallel borehole, it can be ensured that cut a top board and rupture plane of weakness by explosion along the formation of certain face,
When being easy to roof caving, force the rock mass with surrounding separately cutting top part to be caving, reduce country rock
To constraint and the clamping action that will be caving part, it is simple to being caving of top board.
Step 2: cutting on eye 1 top board, is being perpendicular to cut multiple planes each of an axial direction A-A
Arranging one group of balanced hole in plane, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole 3, balanced hole 3
And the angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, Qi Zhongyan
And cut an axial direction A-A, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group, thus hangs down
Straight borehole forms spaced apart form with parallel borehole.
By arranging balanced hole, the top board of approximation cuboid can be divided into the cuboid of less yardstick,
Reduce the country rock constraint to this small blocks, more conducively roof caving.
Preferably, often group balanced hole 3 includes multiple balanced hole, such as, often organizes balanced hole
1-4 balanced hole can be included.In this case, each balanced hole can be equidistantly arranged to cut eye
On top board, and each balanced hole is unequal with the angle a2 of top board, such as along the horizontal direction cutting eye
(in Fig. 5 direction) from left to right, balanced hole is sequentially reduced with the angle a2 of top board, but angle a2
All between 35 °-85 °, thus multiple balanced hole forms similar sector distribution.So can be cutting on eye
The top board in portion forms a plane of fracture, by bigger top board cuboid in the vertical plane cut an axial direction
Cut into little rectangular block, under the Action of Gravity Field of top covering rockmass, be easily caving.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of each balanced hole 3 is 10-40 rice, and shot depth is 6-30
Rice, sealed depth is 4-10 rice, and in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 rice.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole is 20-50 rice.Preferably, distance s 2
Can be equal with distance s 1, such that it is able to be equally spaced from arranging balanced hole 3 along cutting an axial direction
With parallel borehole 2.
Stripping and slicing formula according to exemplary embodiment cuts an overhead caving blasting method by two different form of big gun
Eye combination, i.e. arranges the parallel borehole that is parallel to each other simultaneously and is perpendicular to cut an axial direction cutting a top board
Balanced hole, cuts into several sections by top board hard for huge thickness, so that top board is very easy to be caving, and can
To reduce initial water component, reduce large area top board exposed, reduce the danger thus resulting in bump.
Describe below with reference to Fig. 3-6 and cut an overhead caving explosion side according to the stripping and slicing formula of the second exemplary embodiment
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on eye 1 top board, arranges many at the plane in parallel being parallel to cut an axial direction
Organize parallel borehole 2, often organize parallel borehole and include the folder of at least one parallel borehole, parallel borehole and top board surface
Angle a1 is between 70 °-85 °, and angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction.
Hydraulic pressure or air-driven impact can be utilized to bore and to get borehole.Generally, can be true according to face length
Allocate the group number of row borehole: such as, for the working face that 100-180 rice is long, can be along cutting an axial direction
Arranging the parallel borehole of 4-7 group, each distance s 1 organized between parallel borehole is 20-50 rice.
Preferably, the degree of depth of parallel borehole is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, and closure is deep
Degree is 4-10 rice, and in one group of parallel borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 rice.
By arranging parallel borehole, it can be ensured that cut a top board and rupture plane of weakness by explosion along the formation of certain face,
When being easy to roof caving, force the rock mass with surrounding separately cutting top part to be caving, reduce country rock
To constraint and the clamping action that will be caving part, it is simple to being caving of top board.
Step 2: cutting on eye 1 top board, is being perpendicular to cut multiple planes each of an axial direction A-A
Arranging one group of balanced hole 3 in plane, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, balanced hole 3
And the angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, Qi Zhongyan
And cut an axial direction A-A, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group, thus hangs down
Straight borehole 3 forms spaced apart form with parallel borehole 2.
By arranging balanced hole 3, the top board of approximation cuboid can be divided into the cuboid of less yardstick,
Reduce the country rock constraint to this small blocks, more conducively roof caving.
Preferably, often group balanced hole 3 includes multiple balanced hole, such as, often organizes balanced hole
1-4 balanced hole can be included.In this case, each balanced hole can be equidistantly arranged to cut eye
On top board, and each balanced hole is unequal with the angle a2 of top board, such as along the horizontal direction cutting eye
(in Fig. 5 direction) from left to right, balanced hole 3 is sequentially reduced with the angle a2 of top board, but angle
A2 is all between 35 °-85 °, thus multiple balanced hole forms similar sector distribution.Empty owing to cutting intraocular part
Between limited, use the mode of sector distribution can determine that deep hole blasting ruptures by adjusting by the way of big gun orifice angle
The scope in face, provides for design and optimization Roof Span, it is ensured that safety in production.
Preferably, the blast hole depth of each balanced hole is 10-40 rice, and shot depth is 6-30 rice,
Sealed depth is 4-10 rice, and in one group of balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 rice.
Preferably, the distance s 2 between each group balanced hole is 20-50 rice.Preferably, distance s 2
Can be equal with distance s 1, such that it is able to along cut an axial direction be equally spaced from arrange balanced hole and
Parallel borehole.
Step 3: near the position of working face wall on the tunnel, both sides 5 cut eye, arranges in back
Multiple tunnels borehole 4, the angle a3 of tunnel borehole 4 and back between 79 °-85 °, angle a3
Towards working face direction, see Fig. 6.
Preferably, the spacing between the borehole of adjacent tunnel is 2-5 rice, and the blast hole depth of tunnel borehole is
10-30 rice, shot depth is 6-20 rice, and sealed depth is 4-10 rice.
Compared with the first exemplary embodiment, owing to arranging extra borehole on tunnel, tunnel, both sides is also
Being cut open by top board by blasting method, Cut blasting face is divided into several groups of small blocks the cuboid at top,
It is easy to roof caving.
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b respectively illustrates collapsing according to the first exemplary embodiment and the second exemplary embodiment
The floor map of the restriction relation of caving plate and country rock, it can be seen that exemplary embodiment is passed through
Top board is divided into small blocks by blasting method, more conducively being caving of top board.
Technique scheme is the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art,
On the basis of principle disclosed by the invention, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, and not only limit
In the description of the above-mentioned specific embodiment of the present invention, therefore before description the most preferably, and not there is limit
The meaning of property processed.
Claims (10)
1. stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on a top board, arranges many groups at the plane in parallel being parallel to cut an axial direction
Parallel borehole, often organizes parallel borehole and includes at least one parallel borehole, described parallel borehole and described top board table
The angle a1 in face is between 70 °-85 °, and described angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2: cutting on a top board, cloth in each plane being perpendicular to cut multiple planes of an axial direction
Putting one group of balanced hole, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and described balanced hole is with described
The angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, and described angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein
Along described axial direction, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group.
2. stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting on a top board, arranges many groups at the plane in parallel being parallel to cut an axial direction
Parallel borehole, often organizes parallel borehole and includes at least one parallel borehole, described parallel borehole and described top board table
The angle a1 in face is between 70 °-85 °, and described angle a1 is towards advance of the face direction；
Step 2: cutting on a top board, cloth in each plane being perpendicular to cut multiple planes of an axial direction
Putting one group of balanced hole, often group balanced hole includes at least one balanced hole, and described balanced hole is with described
The angle a2 of top board surface is between 35 °-85 °, and described angle a2 is towards advance of the face direction, wherein
Along described axial direction, one group of balanced hole is arranged between the parallel borehole of adjacent two group；And
Step 3: near the position of working face wall, cloth in back on the described tunnel, both sides cutting eye
Put multiple tunnels borehole, the angle a3 of described tunnel borehole and described back between 79 °-85 °,
Described angle a3 is towards working face direction.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein according to institute
The length stating working face determines the group number of described parallel borehole.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein said flat
The degree of depth of row borehole is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, and sealed depth is 4-10 rice, and one group parallel
In borehole, the aperture spacing of adjacent, parallel borehole is 2-5 rice.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, and wherein each group is flat
Distance s 1 between row borehole is 20-50 rice.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, and the most often group is hung down
Straight borehole includes that multiple balanced hole, the plurality of balanced hole are cut on a top board described in being equidistantly arranged to,
And each balanced hole is unequal with the angle a2 of described top board surface.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein said vertical
The blast hole depth of straight borehole is 10-40 rice, and shot depth is 6-30 rice, and sealed depth is 4-10 rice, one group
In balanced hole, the aperture spacing of neighboring vertical borehole is 2-5 rice.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 1 and 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, and wherein each group is hung down
Distance s 2 between straight borehole is 20-50 rice.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, the most adjacent tunnel big gun
Spacing between Yan is 2-5 rice.
Stripping and slicing formula the most according to claim 2 cuts an overhead caving blasting method, wherein said tunnel
The blast hole depth of borehole is 10-30 rice, and shot depth is 6-20 rice, and sealed depth is 4-10 rice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610235846.2A CN105865279B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method |
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| CN201610235846.2A CN105865279B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | Stripping and slicing formula cuts an overhead caving blasting method |
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| CN106247876A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-21 | 太原理工大学 | High working face cuts greatly a blasting method for fully-mechanized mining working tight roof overhead caving |
| CN108252651A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-06 | 新疆龟兹矿业有限公司 | The method of fully-mechanized mining working multi-point dispersion run-in index borehole presplitting top plate |
| CN111237006A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling rock burst and gas emission in linkage manner of high-length and short-distance drilling |
| CN111350506A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-30 | 海南矿业股份有限公司 | Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method |
| CN117684980A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Balanced mining method for overlying strata of coal mine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106247876A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-21 | 太原理工大学 | High working face cuts greatly a blasting method for fully-mechanized mining working tight roof overhead caving |
| CN108252651A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-06 | 新疆龟兹矿业有限公司 | The method of fully-mechanized mining working multi-point dispersion run-in index borehole presplitting top plate |
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| CN111237006A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling rock burst and gas emission in linkage manner of high-length and short-distance drilling |
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| CN117684980A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Balanced mining method for overlying strata of coal mine |
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| CN105865279B (en) | 2017-06-23 |
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