KR101000570B1 - Tunnel high speed excavating method using center-cut hole double charge and dispersing charge - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A rapid tunnel boring method using core hole double charge and deck charge is provided to achieve uniform size of crushed particles by applying different charge densities to a bottom part and a column part. CONSTITUTION: Core holes are divided into a horizontal core hole(11), tilting core holes(12), and auxiliary horizontal core holes(13) formed in the circumference of the tiling core hole. The horizontal core hole is bored in the central part of a tunnel boring area. The tilting core holes are bored around the horizontal core hole at an angle approaching the horizontal core hole toward the bottom. First charge and second charge are distributed and charged with stemming interposed within the horizontal core hole. The horizontal core hole is bored to be deeper than the tilting core holes. The first charge charged in the entrance of the horizontal core hole is blasted first to secure a free surface and then the second charge and the charge in the tiling core holes are blasted at the same time.

Description

TUNNEL HIGH SPEED EXCAVATING METHOD USING CENTER-CUT HOLE DOUBLE CHARGE AND DISPERSING CHARGE}

The present invention relates to a tunnel high-speed excavation method using a deep hole double charge and a dispersion charge to increase the tunnel excavation length by using a deep hole double charge and a dispersion charge in a tunnel. As the condition, the core part with the greatest restraint resistance is formed by the deck charge and double charge, and then the enlargement, the bottom hole, etc. make the small hole perforation and the column charge simplify the work. Excavation schedules use smooth blasting or pre-splitting blasting to reduce drilling time, while maintaining the same process as the existing V-cut process. By securing a complete excavation site up to the cooperative's bottom, it is possible to enlarge the excavation site of the enlarged hole. Using Gheshm ball double charges and distribution charges that can improve sex relates to high-speed tunnel excavation method.

In general, when digging a tunnel, blasting is performed to break the rock. Explosives using explosives have the advantage of easily removing rocks or other obstacles using explosive power of explosives.

When the tunnel section by conventional tunnel excavation is roughly classified according to the dynamic movement characteristics of the fractured rock fragments, it is divided into a core part, a lower magnification part, an upper magnification part, a bottom part, an excavation schedule part, and the like. (Cylinder cut), V-cut (V-CUT), etc.

First, the details of the cylinder cut method will be described.

First, detailed description of the heart portion is as follows.

In tunnel blasting, there is no free surface, so the blasting efficiency is low, so finding a way to increase it is the method of reducing the drilling cost. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, it is most important to artificially form a free surface by using the detonation parallax, and to lower the restraint resistance at the bottom of the bottom by geometrically changing the direction of movement of the crushed rock. For this series of processes, the cylinder cut method is used, which drills a large diameter (86 ~ 105mm) armed medicine hole in the center of the heart part, and drills and blows the heart hole around it so that it can be used as a free surface. By changing the direction of movement of the crushed rock to the armed weak hole to shorten the length of the minimum resistance line, it is the method of forming the first artificial free surface with the minimum explosives.

However, since the restraint resistance is significantly larger than that of the columnar portion, the existing columning method always causes about 10% or more of the residual pores, which causes the excavation efficiency to be lowered. Therefore, the explosives have a high density of explosive power with a high restraint resistance, and the columnar portion with a relatively low restraint resistance is a small-caliber one with a small density of density. Will be used. So, when using the method such as cylinder cut, the heart hair area should be Ø60 ~ 76mm (suitable for Ø65mm), and when medicine is filled, medicine of Ø40 ~ 55mm (commercial product Ø50mm medicine) Depending on the heart and carcinoma, depending on the condition, depending on the condition, the entire length may be charged. In the columnar section, charge the medicine of small diameter about 25 ~ 40mm (32mm medicine is suitable) for the remaining length of the medicine.

The detonation method utilizes the double detonation method, which uses both regular and inverse detonation methods. This is because death pressure inevitably occurs when either one is used.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting for a length of 40 ~ 60cm.

Second, the lower enlargement hole, the bottom hole, the upper portion of the expansion hole will be described in detail as follows.

Drilling and recharging work drills the diameter of bit to Ø 40 ~ 51mm (suitable for Ø 45mm) for vibration reduction and drilling time reduction.In the refilling work, two free surfaces are formed by deep hole. Receive similar restraint resistance, and use column medicine about 25 ~ 40mm in small diameter (approximately using Ø32mm medicine) for the whole length.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting the length of the spleen cabinet.

Third, the excavation line is drilled by Ø40 ~ 51mm (suitable for Ø45mm) for vibration reduction and drilling time reduction. do.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method, but when the air depth deepens, the medium detonation method is used, and the smoothing blast method or the pre-spliting method is used for the application time difference of all major parts.

The coloration method is carried out with sand or soil for compacting the plastering cabinet.

In addition, this part can be carried out by performing the charging operation in the following manner.

In other words, since both bottom and columnar parts receive almost similar restraint resistance, the diameter of Ø32mm drug and the dopant line should be attached to the entire length of the gun without any distinction. In addition, when the deep air core and the rock quality is more than hard rock, the restraint resistance is increased in the bottom of the joint, so the charge density can be used as an empty storage medicine.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method, but when the air depth is deep, the medium detonation method is used, and the time difference of application for each major part is the smooth blasting and the pre-splitting blasting method.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting for a length of 40-50 cm.

Next, a detailed description of the V-CUT method is as follows.

First, detailed description of the heart hole (2) is as follows.

As a method of securing a free surface during tunnel blasting, a wedge-shaped perforation with a certain inclination angle facing each other toward the center line is called a V-CUT method. It consists of about 2 ~ 3 rows of ventilators that are symmetrical with an inclination angle toward the center of the tunnel. Even in this case, the bottom of these joints has a much greater restraint resistance than the columnar part. Therefore, the diameter of the punched bit is drilled to Ø60 ~ 76mm (suitable for Ø65mm), and 40 ~ 55mm (50mm medicine is used as an empty storage medicine when filling. It is appropriate to charge the medicine of weak diameter according to palliative and carcinoma, and in case of extreme cancer, it can be charged over the entire length. Fill the column with a small diameter Ø25 ~ 40mm medicine (approximately Ø32mm medicine) for the remaining length.

The detonation method utilizes the double detonation method, which uses both regular and inverse detonation methods. This is because death pressure inevitably occurs when either method is used.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting for a length of 40 ~ 60cm.

Second, the lower enlargement hole, the bottom hole, the upper portion of the expansion hole will be described in detail as follows.

Drilling work drills the diameter of the bit to Ø 40 ~ 51mm (suitable for Ø45mm) to reduce vibration and drilling time, and the filling work has two free sides formed by the core part, so the restraint part and columnar part have almost similar restraint resistance. Regardless of the length of the pledge, use a small diameter Ø25 ~ 40mm medicine (appropriately using a medicine diameter of Ø32mm) for the entire length.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting for a length of 80 ~ 120cm.

Third, the excavation line is drilled by Ø 40 ~ 51mm (Ø45mm suitable) for vibration reduction and drilling time reduction. For the refining work, use small diameter medicine (Ø32mm) as empty storage medicine and precision explosive at the column. To charge.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method, but when the air depth deepens, the medium detonation method is used, and the smoothing blast method or the pre-spliting method is used for the application time difference of all major parts.

The coloration method is carried out with sand or soil for compacting the plastering cabinet.

In addition, this part can be carried out by performing the charging operation in the following manner.

In other words, since both bottom and columnar parts receive almost similar restraint resistance, the diameter of Ø32mm drug and the dopant line should be attached to the entire length of the gun without any distinction. In addition, when the deep air core and the rock quality is more than hard rock, the restraint resistance is increased in the bottom of the joint, so the charge density can be used as an empty storage medicine.

The detonation method uses the back detonation method, but when the air depth is deep, the medium detonation method is used, and the time difference of application for each major part is the smooth blasting and the pre-splitting blasting method.

The coloration method is carried out using sand or soil for compacting for a length of 40-50 cm.

On the other hand, tunnel blasting has the disadvantage that the pollution is generated by the noise and vibration generated during the blasting, many methods have been proposed to solve such disadvantages.

As such, there is a Korean Patent Application Publication No. 1996-0004704 (published on Feb. 23, 1996), which is one of the related arts related to the present invention, has an "adhesive multistage blasting method".

The prior art relates to the separation type multi-stage blasting method of straight surface tunnel excavation, which performs an appropriate number of angled bores in either up, down, left, or right directions, and forms an appropriate number of angled bores. A horizontal drilling of the largest fabrication plant capable of drilling in the area of the membrane surface is performed in parallel, and the drilling step of horizontal drilling of the periphery and the outer periphery of the V-hole area, and the V-hole, horizontal drilling and peripheral holes Each of them charges electrical primers, and the horizontal perforations are charged with a regular width only to the outside of the V-hole range, and an electrical charge is charged to the periphery of the heart, and the V-holes are simultaneously blasted to form hard oil surface. And forming a funnel-shaped secondary free space by exploding the center-level horizontal hole in the deep horizontal hole into the V-hole and a millisecond or deci- second difference. Well, in the step of blasting the cardiac horizontal center assistant and the cardiac horizontal periphery of the cardiac horizontal perforation in sequence, to form a space of the cube to secure the free surface, and then blasting the periphery and periphery of the heart sequentially Consists of.

However, in the conventional blasting method, the longer the hole, the greater the restraint resistance at the bottom of the bottom portion, but the lowering density is the same as that of the columnar portion, which lowers the drilling efficiency.

In addition, a large number of balls takes a long time to refill, there was a problem that the work efficiency is lowered.

The present invention is to solve the problems as described above, to develop a variety of excavation method when tunnel excavation can be used to apply the intensity of the charge required to match the size of the restraint resistance of the ground depending on the site rock quality and depth of drilling To increase the speed of excavation by improving the efficiency of drilling while increasing the workability by improving the workability by reducing the confusion caused by workers' work by widening the space spacing and reducing the number of maneuvers, and simplifying the work. The purpose of this project is to provide tunnel high speed excavation method using deep drilling double dispersion and dispersion charge which can contribute to national economic development by reducing the cost of tunnel excavation.

Tunnel high-speed excavation method using the cardiac pore double charge and dispersion charge using the cardiac pore double charge and dispersant according to the present invention for achieving the above object is to use the V-cut (V-CUT) method, tunnel excavation The pattern is formed by the pattern forming step of forming a heart hole in the center of the region, an excavation line hole in the outline, a bottom hole in the bottom portion, and forming an upper magnification hole and a lower magnification hole in the circumference of the heart hole. It is to blast by explosive charge in the heart hole, excavation prospecting, bottom hole, upper augmentation hole and lower augmentation hole, and divided the cardiac hole into a cardiac horizontal hole and a cardiac inclination hole, Perforations, perforated a plurality of cardiac inclination holes Ø 60 ~ 76mm with an inclination angle closer to the cardiac horizontal hole side toward the circumference of the cardiac horizontal hole, the seam Single or disperse medicines are used inside the water repellent and cardiac inclination hole.Bottom charge is used for medicine of Ø 40 ~ 55mm diameter while small diameter diameter Ø 25 ~ 40mm medicine. In the case of disperse charge, the first charge and the second charge of the first and second charges while dispersing the intermediate color between the first and second charges (bottom charge) of the first and second charges (Ø 40 ~ 55mm medicinal medicines using a small diameter medicinal herbs) A diameter medicine diameter of Ø 25-40 mm is used as a columnar medicine.

In addition, the present invention uses a cylinder cut (CYLINDER-CUT) method, the core hole in the tunnel excavation area, the excavation line drill in the outline, the bottom hole in the bottom portion, the upper portion in the circumference of the core hole After the pattern is formed to form the ball and the lower magnification hole, the explosives are charged by blasting explosives into the heart ball, excavation line hole, bottom hole, upper magnification hole and lower magnification hole formed by the pattern forming step, arming the heart ball It is divided into medicinal and medicinal masonry, but drilled with a diameter of Ø86 ~ 102mm in the center of the cardiac cavities in the center of the cardiac cavities in the circumference of the armed pharmacy parallel to the caliber of Ø 60 ~ 76mm, the upper magnification, Drill the lower magnification hole, the bottom hole, and the excavation line drill with a diameter of Ø 40 to 51 mm, and classify the drilling diameter in the same tunnel section into Ø 60 to 76 mm and ㆈ 40 to 51 mm according to the mechanical characteristics of each part. Shall be.

According to the tunnel high-speed excavation method using the deep hole double charge and the dispersion charge according to the present invention, by applying different powder charge densities to the bottom and the column, respectively, it is possible to reduce the use of unnecessary gunpowder and to have a high charge density at the required depth. Efficient operation results can be expected to make the crushing granularity uniform, and the root cutting is neatly made by the dual charging method composed of the empty storage drug and the column charge according to the size of the restraint resistance of each part. The excavation speed and excavation efficiency are increased, thereby increasing the excavation length. In addition, the depth of the air core design according to the rock conditions and the surrounding conditions, accordingly, there is an effect to choose a variety of charging methods.

1 is a pattern diagram of a cardiac pore according to the high-speed tunnel excavation method using a cardiac pore double charge and a dispersion charge according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the pattern of the heart portion applied to the tunnel high-speed excavation method using the deep-hole double charge and dispersion charges according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the heart portion applied to the tunnel high-speed excavation method using the deep-hole double charge and dispersion charges according to the present invention.
Figure 4a and Figure 4b is a state of charge of the cardiac horizontal hole applied to the tunnel high-speed digging method using the cardiac hole double charge and dispersion charge according to the present invention, respectively,
4A is a case of single charge,
4B is a case of dispersion charge.
Figure 5 is a blasting process of the heart portion applied to the tunnel high-speed excavation method using the double-loaded cardiac hole and dispersion charges according to the present invention.

≪ Example 1 >

As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel high-speed excavation method according to the present embodiment includes a pattern formation-filling-blasting process of the charge-unloading hole, and is formed in the center of the tunnel excavation region 1 according to the function of the pattern. Heart portion 10 (heart horizontal hole 11, heart tilt ball 12), the excavation scheduled hole 20 formed in the outline, the bottom hole 30 formed in the bottom portion, the periphery of the heart portion 10 It is divided into an upper magnification hole 40 and a lower magnification hole 50 formed in the portion, hereinafter will be described for each pattern.

Heart

The cardiac cavities constituting the cardiac part 10 includes one or more cardiac horizontal holes 11 and a plurality of cardiac inclined holes 12 formed in one or more rows at the periphery of the cardiac horizontal hole 11. Additionally, the cardiac inclination hole 12 may include a plurality of horizontal horizontal auxiliary holes 13 formed in one or more rows.

As shown in Figure 2 and 3, the cardiac horizontal hole 11 is formed in the center of the cardiac portion 10, the cardiac inclination hole 12 is formed in the circumference of the cardiac horizontal hole (11), while going to the bottom It is formed to be inclined so as to be closer to the horizontal heart hole (11). That is, after securing a free surface through the starting wave of the horizontal horizontal hole (11), the projection of a large cross-sectional area while going to the entrance side of the tunnel through a number of cardiac inclination holes (12) disposed at the periphery of the horizontal horizontal hole (11) Area can be secured.

Since the horizontal heart hole (11) is a state that does not have a free surface as a charge hole, because the large vibration and noise may be generated when the heart portion 10 is blasted, the horizontal heart hole (11) is divided into two blasting It is preferable. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the inside of the cardiac horizontal hole 11 is dispersed into a first charge (upper charge) 15 and a second charge (lower charge) 16 with an intermediate color 14 interposed therebetween. It can be charged, and when blasting, blasting with a time difference going to the first charge (14) and the second charge (15). In the figure, reference numeral 17 is a tool full color that blocks the entrance of the cardiac horizontal hole 11.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the first medicament 14 is blasted first, a free surface is secured in the center of the heart portion 10. Then, when the second medicament 15 is blasted, the free surface is removed. The blasting takes place at the heart section while minimizing vibration and noise.

At this time, the first charge (14) to secure the free surface through the second charge (15) of the cardiac horizontal hole and the charge of the cardiac inclination (12) (air storage drug (12a), column charge (12b)) You can also blast at the same time. In the figure, reference numeral 12c denotes a tool full color.

The cardiac horizontal hole 11 has a pore diameter of Ø 60 to 76 mm (suitable for Ø 65 mm), and can be drilled at the same or slightly deeper (approximately 10 cm) in other excavation depths, and the charging method is a single charge or In case of dispersing medicine, medicines of Ø 40 ~ 55mm (Ø 50mm suitable) for both coordination and column charge of first charge (15) and second charge (16) As a double charge, or as a double charge, the empty storage medicine can use a Ø 40 ~ 55mm (fit Ø 50mm), and as a columnar medicine, a small diameter Ø 25 ~ 40mm (fit Ø 32mm) can be used.

Explosives (commercially available products) affect the charge density depending on the size of the drug, and the resulting explosive characteristics such as gunpowder, detonation pressure, and gas pressure are different. The smaller and larger the diameter, the greater the crushing ability of surrounding cancer.In this principle, the range of the explosives that can be used as co-drugs or columnar medicines should be the applicable range due to their characteristics. It is set.

The cardiac inclined ball 12 may be a double charge of the explosives in the ball, a double charge of an empty storage drug (12a) and a columnar charge (12b). Is charged in the column charge (12b).

Specifically, the charging method is a single charge or a dispersal charge depending on the cancerous condition, as shown in Figure 4a, in the case of a single charge consists of co-stored drug and columnar drug, Ø 40 ~ 55mm (Ø 50mm) (Appropriate) is used, and small diameter Ø 25 ~ 40mm (Ø 32mm suitable) medicine is used as drug diameter of columnar medicine.

As shown in Figure 4b, when the dispersion charge is divided into the first charge (15) and the second charge (16), if the division from the tool portion to the cooperative in the order of sorting, the tool color (17)-first charge ( 15)-Intermediate color (14)-Second charge (16), in which both first charge (15) and second charge (16) can be charged with bottom charge and column charge. At this time, both the first charge (15) and the second charge (16) are used as a drug storage diameter of Ø 40 to 55 mm (suitable for Ø 50 mm) or both are stored as Ø 40 to 55 mm (suitable for Ø 50 mm). + Pole Ø 25 ~ 40mm (Ø 32mm suitable) can be used.

Detonation time difference proceeds according to the order of ① first charge (15) of the horizontal heart rate (11), ② second charge (16) of the horizontal heart rate (11), ③ eruption of the heart tilt (12), but cancer and restraint When the second charge 16 and the cardiac inclined hole 12 of the cardiac horizontal hole 11 are detonated with the same time difference, the root can be smoothly made with high power in response to the high restraint pressure. Since the new free surface is formed, the upper / lower enlargement hole (40, 50), the bottom hole (30), the excavation scheduled hole (20), which are continuously detonated, have less restraint pressure even at the bottom of the blasting work. It becomes possible.

2. Scheduled excavators.

The excavation prospector 20 may be applied to both the method of using only a column charge and a method of charging with a co-stored drug and a column charge. That is, when the vibration should be considered, a hole diameter of 45 mm is drilled, and in this case, only a column filler using precision explosives is used, or a drug with a small diameter of Ø 25 to 40 mm (a diameter of Ø 32 mm is used as an empty storage drug). ), And use precision explosives as columnar charges.

3. The bottom hole.

The bottom hole 30 drills a hole diameter of Ø 40 to 51 mm (suitable for Ø 45 mm), in which case a small diameter of Ø 25 to 40 mm is used (approximately Ø 32 mm).

4. Magnifier.

A column charge is used for the upper magnification hole 40 and the lower magnification hole 50. In other words, the pore diameter is punctured by Ø 40 ~ 51mm (suitable for Ø 45mm), and the charge is performed only with columnar filler using Ø 25 ~ 40mm (suitable for Ø 32mm).

According to the present invention, the blasting sequence according to the high-speed tunnel excavation method using the double-loading and dispersing-loading cores is carried out in the core part 10-enlarged hole (lower enlarged hole 50, upper enlarged hole 40)-bottom hole ( 30)-drilling excavation line 20 or drilling excavation line 20 (20)-cardiac part 10-magnifying hole (lower magnification hole 50, upper magnification hole (40))-may be in the order of the bottom hole (30). . In the former, due to the detonation order, the excavation line detonation occurs with the restraint resistance at the excavation site after the rock fracture of the enlarged part. It is a smooth blasting method to protect the cracks, and the latter applies the parallax prior to the main blasting section to block the transmission of cracks, hair damage or vibration before the blasting is performed to cut the part to be excavated. It is a pre-split method that blasts by blasting.

As described above, the present invention is applicable to all of the existing blasting methods such as the smooth blasting method, the linear cracking blasting method, and the like.

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1: tunnel excavation area, 10: cardiac part
11: horizontal heart attack, 12: heart tilter
13: horizontal head assistant, 14: intermediate color
15, 16: Chapter 1, 20: Scheduled Excavators
30: bottom hole, 40: upper magnification hole
50: lower magnification hole,

Claims (5)

In the center of the tunnel excavation area, the core hole in the center, the excavation line hole 20 in the outline, the bottom hole 30 in the bottom portion, the upper magnification hole 40 and the lower magnification hole 50 in the periphery of the core hole After forming the pattern to form, by blasting the explosives in the heart hole, excavation line, bottom hole, upper magnification hole and lower magnification hole formed by the pattern forming step,
The cardiac cavity is divided into a cardiac horizontal hole (11), a cardiac inclination hole and a plurality of cardiac horizontal assistants (13) formed in one or more rows around the cardiac inclination hole, and at the center of the tunnel excavation region. Perforating a horizontal hole (11), and drills a plurality of cardiac inclination hole (12) Ø 60 ~ 76mm at an angle of inclination closer to the center of the horizontal horizontal hole toward the circumferential portion of the horizontal heart hole horizontal hole, the horizontal horizontal heart rate The first and second charges (Bottom charge) of the first and second charges (15) and the second charge (16) with the intermediate color in between the balls, while the bottom charge (Bottom charge) of the medicine of the diameter of about 40 ~ 55mm Pharmaceutical medicine of small diameter and small-diameter Ø 25 ~ 40mm is used as columnar medicine, and the empty charge inside the cardiac inclination hole is Ø 40-55mm of medicinal medicine of small diameter Ø 25 ~ 40mm Medicine is used as a columnar medicine,
Drilling the cardiac horizontal hole deeper than the cardiac inclination hole and blasting the first charge mounted on the inlet side of the cardiac horizontal hole first to secure a free surface, and the second charge and the cardiac inclination hole with the time difference Tunnel high-speed excavation method using a double-loaded cardiac hole and a dispersion charge, characterized in that blasting at the same time. delete The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the upper magnification hole, the lower magnification hole, the bottom hole, the excavation scheduled line hole is 40 ~ 51mm, the drill hole in the same tunnel cross-section is divided according to the mechanical characteristics of each part Tunnel high speed excavation method using double and disperse charges. The method of claim 3, wherein the upper magnification hole, the lower magnification hole, the bottom hole uses a small diameter diameter diameter of 25 ~ 40mm medicine as a columnar medicine, the excavation liner is using a chemical medicine of Ø 25 ~ 40mm as an empty storage medicine and columnar A high-speed tunneling method using deep explosive charges or dispersion charges, characterized in that precision explosives are used as a charge, or explosives having a diameter of Ø 32 mm are mounted at regular intervals. delete

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