CN111350506A - Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method - Google Patents
Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111350506A CN111350506A CN202010172965.4A CN202010172965A CN111350506A CN 111350506 A CN111350506 A CN 111350506A CN 202010172965 A CN202010172965 A CN 202010172965A CN 111350506 A CN111350506 A CN 111350506A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- caving
- roadway
- mining
- goaf
- blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method, which relates to the technical field of underground mining. The blast hole arrangement method is adopted, rock drilling and blasting are all carried out in a roadway, production organization is convenient, operation is safe, blast holes are evenly arranged, and the utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, in particular to a goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method.
Background
The sublevel caving method without the sill pillar is a mining method with simple structure, safety, high efficiency and convenient management, and is widely applied to underground mines in the industries of metallurgy, nonferrous metal, chemical industry and the like in China. With the continuous progress of underground mining technology, the mine stope structural parameters and mining equipment adopting a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method are developing towards large scale in China, and large structural parameters with large spacing as a main characteristic are applied to some production mines and newly-built mines in succession, so that the construction and production cost of the mines is greatly saved, the mining production efficiency is improved, and the economic benefit is very obvious.
The characteristics of mining by adopting the sublevel caving method without the sill pillar are as follows: according to the occurrence conditions of ore bodies, a plurality of subsections are divided into a plurality of production levels according to certain values on the stage height, each subsection is divided into a plurality of production ore blocks, stoping access ways in the upper subsection and the lower subsection are in a rhombic arrangement structure, and retreat mining is carried out by taking the access ways as units. In order to prevent safety accidents caused by a large amount of caving of the top plate of the goaf in the mining process, an overburden rock stratum with the height at least twice that of the stoping section is required to be formed at the upper part of the stoping section, so that ore falling and ore removal operations are carried out under the shield of the overburden rock stratum. The national metallic and non-metallic mine safety regulation has the requirements on the stoping by adopting a sill-pillar-free sublevel caving method: the upper part of the stope face should be provided with a covering rock stratum with a height larger than the sectional height so as to ensure the safety of stope work; if the upper plate can not fall by itself or the amount of the falling rocks can not reach the specified thickness, forced roof-caving is carried out in time, so that the thickness of the covering rock layer reaches about twice of the height of the subsection. "
A forced caving method is adopted in domestic mines when mining blind ore bodies with stable surrounding rocks, and the forced caving method can be divided into three types of concentrated caving, caving while stoping and stoping after stoping according to the difference between the formation of a covering rock stratum and the stoping work, wherein ⑴ concentrated caving forms the covering rock stratum, the method is to drill fan-shaped deep holes in a rock drilling roadway or a raise at the side of a caving area, when the top plate reaches a certain exposed area after stoping of a plurality of stoping roadways of a first mining section, the deep holes are forcibly collapsed to form the covering layer on the upper surrounding rocks by using a goaf formed after stoping of the first mining section, the covering rock stratum is formed by stoping while stoping, the method is to use ore blocks as a caving unit to dig a stoping roadway parallel to a stoping route at the upper part of the first mining section, fan-shaped deep holes which are approximately the same as the stoping roadway are drilled in the stoping roadway, cutting grooves are formed in the stoping roadway, the stoping roadway of the stoping roadway at the upper part, the stoping roadway is to dig the covering rock stratum, the first mining section, the stoping roadway is to form a cutting groove, the cutting roadway, the cutting groove is carried out roadway, the stoping work is carried out, the stoping work of the first mining section, the mining roadway, the top layer of the mining roadway, the.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a goaf roof processing blast hole arrangement method, forced caving blast holes are arranged at intervals in a lower wall or an upper wall of a caving section and an intrapulse connecting roadway, an approximately parallel relation with an error within +/-5 degrees is formed between a blast hole arrangement line and a stoping route, and surrounding rocks of the goaf roof are forcedly caved to form a overburden rock after stoping of a related route of a first mining section is finished.
The technical effects are as follows: in the mine adopting the sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, in order to strengthen the ground pressure management of the top plate of the goaf and prevent the damage of caving of the top plate ore rock to mining production, blast holes for forced caving are arranged in a caving sublevel footwall or an upper wall and an intrapulse connecting roadway according to a certain row spacing, and surrounding rocks of the top plate of the goaf are forcibly caved after the stoping of the related approach of the first mining sublevel is finished so as to form a covering rock stratum. The blast hole arrangement method is adopted, rock drilling and blasting are all carried out in a roadway, production organization is convenient, operation is safe, blast holes are evenly arranged, and the utilization rate is high.
The technical scheme of the invention is further defined as follows:
according to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, the row spacing of the blasting holes is 2-8 m.
The arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf is characterized in that fan-shaped top-caving blast holes are arranged in a lower plate or an upper plate and an intra-pulse connecting roadway, and the hole bottom distance of each row of blast holes is 2-6 m.
According to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, when the ore removal connection roadway is arranged on the lower tray of the ore body, forced caving blast holes are arranged in the lower tray connection roadway; when the ore removal connecting roadway is arranged on the upper plate of the ore body, the forced caving blast hole is arranged in the upper plate connecting roadway.
According to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, when the thickness of an ore body is larger than 30m and an ore removal connecting roadway is arranged in the vein, the blast holes for forced caving are arranged in the vein connecting roadway.
According to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, when the side surface has a blasting free surface, the surrounding rock of the top plate of the goaf is caved in a blasting mode of multi-row centralized charging or row-by-row charging to form a covering rock stratum.
According to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, when the side surface has no blasting free surface, the surrounding rock of the top plate of the goaf is caved in a centralized charging blasting mode to form a covering rock stratum.
According to the arrangement method of the blast holes for treating the top plate of the goaf, when the trend of an ore body is greater than 80m, a partition blasting mode is adopted, blasting and top-releasing are firstly carried out on the upper part of a first mining subsection goaf area, and blasting and top-releasing are carried out in a corresponding area along with the enlargement of the goaf.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the related work of the top plate of the forced caving gob is carried out in the upper disc or lower disc connecting roadway and the intrapulse connecting roadway, and the blast hole construction and charging blasting operation conditions are good, safe and reliable;
(2) in the invention, the blast holes in the rows are in parallel or approximately in parallel, thereby improving the distribution state of the blast holes, improving the utilization rate of the blast holes and being beneficial to improving the blasting effect;
(3) compared with the arrangement mode of the planar fan-shaped blast holes in the chamber, the invention has the advantages that the blast of the blast holes in the rows and the blast holes in the rows can adopt a fractional blasting mode, thereby being beneficial to reducing blasting shock waves and seismic waves;
(4) in the invention, the blast hole is convenient to position in the construction process, and the engineering quality is guaranteed;
(5) the top-loading blasting method has the advantages of strong flexibility of top-loading blasting work and simple construction organization management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of arrangement of top-caving blastholes in a communication roadway according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1;
wherein: 1. blasting a blast hole; 2. stoping blast holes; 3. extravenous connecting roadways; 4. a stoping route; 5. cutting a roadway; 6. boundary line of ore body; 7. a stope air intake shaft; 8. a stope return air shaft; 9. and a main return air roadway.
Detailed Description
A method for arranging blast holes for treating a goaf roof is disclosed, as shown in figure 1-2, carrying out treatment work of the goaf roof by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, and arranging forced caving blast holes in a caving sublevel lower plate or upper plate and intra-vein connecting roadway at certain row intervals in order to enhance ground pressure management of the goaf roof and prevent roof rock caving from causing harm to mining production, wherein the row lines of the blast holes and a stoping route are in parallel or approximately parallel relationship. The method comprises the following steps: determining a total scheme and blast hole arrangement parameters of forced caving according to mine mining engineering layout and occurrence conditions of ore bodies; arranging forcedly-jacked blast holes in the lower wall or the upper wall of the jacked subsection and the intrapulse connecting roadway according to a certain row spacing, wherein the row line of the blast holes is parallel or approximately parallel to the stoping route, and the height of 1-2 subsections is controlled by arranging the blast holes in the rows in a fan shape; and according to the mining conditions of the first mining subsection and the second mining subsection and the condition of the goaf, forcibly caving the surrounding rock of the top plate of the goaf to form a covering rock stratum by adopting a centralized or fractional blasting method after the related route mining is finished.
Example 1
The mining method comprises the steps of arranging an underground iron mine with an ore body trend of 300m, an average thickness of 35m and an inclination angle of 45-60 degrees, wherein the ore body elevation is-89 m, adopting slope pavement development and a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method for mining, the stope structure parameter is 12m × 10m, arranging a mining project with a mining approach of N4-N8 and a cutting roadway as a middle area first mining sublevel according to occurrence conditions of the ore body, arranging a mining approach of N5-N9 and a cutting roadway as a mining project of a middle area second sublevel at-112 m, arranging a mining approach of S6-N3 and N9-N12 and a mining approach of S6-N3 and N9-N12 as a mining project of a south area first mining sublevel and a north area first mining sublevel roadway at-112 m, arranging a mining approach of S6-N3 and a mining approach of N8-N38 as a mining project of a south area second sublevel and a sublevel mining approach as a sublevel mining area top mining area of a sublevel roadway of a sublevel, arranging a mining area of a sublevel roadway of a mining area S5819-100, arranging mining area and a sublevel mining roof of a sublevel mining area in a sublevel mining area, and a subl.
Example 2
The mining method comprises the steps of arranging a mining roadway with a slope development and a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method as a mining engineering of a first mining sublevel in-100 m, arranging a mining roadway with a stope structure parameter of 12m × m as a mining engineering of a second sublevel of an intermediate area in-112 m, arranging mining roadways with a mining roadway with a stope route of from S4 to N9 and a cutting roadway and the like as a mining engineering of a first mining sublevel of the intermediate area in-112 m, arranging mining roadways with a stope route of from S6 to O-N3 and from N1O to N12 as a mining engineering of a first mining sublevel of a south area and a first mining sublevel of a north area in-112 m as a mining engineering of a mining roadway of a first mining sublevel of a south area and a mining roadway of a first mining sublevel of the north area, arranging mining roadways with a stope route of from S6 to O-N3 and from N8 to N12 as mining roadways of a sublevel mining roadway with a sublevel mining area of a south area and a sublevel mining area, and a sublevel mining roadway with a sublevel mining area top mining area, and a sublevel.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of arranging ore bodies between 235m and-75 m, walking to NW275 degrees, leaning to NNE degrees, inclining to 85 degrees, walking to 1300m long and average thickness 150m, mining by adopting a shaft and ramp combined exploitation and sill-pillar-free sublevel caving method, arranging stope access perpendicular to the walking of the ore bodies, adopting stope structure parameters of 15m 3625 m between 185m and 235m, adopting stope structure parameters of 20m × m between 185m and 125m, arranging three sublevel roadways (namely, a cutting roadway, an intra-vein connecting roadway and an extra-vein connecting roadway) in the thickness direction of the ore bodies, carrying out stoping by using an upper roadway to a lower roadway of the ore bodies, according to the conventional method, arranging a 235m subsection as a top caving subsection, 220m subsection as a first mining subsection, 205m subsection as a second subsection, arranging a cutting roadway, an intra-vein connecting roadway, an extra-vein connecting roadway, a roof subsection with a top caving roadway, a top caving roadway with a top caving interval of 2.2, adopting a top sublevel caving roadway, arranging two sublevel caving roadway, a sublevel caving roadway with a top caving roadway, a top caving roadway of 235m, a sublevel caving roadway with a sublevel caving roadway of a sublevel caving roadway, a sublevel caving roadway of a sublevel mining area, a sublevel caving roadway with a top caving area, a sublevel mining area, a sublevel caving area, a sublevel mining area.
According to the method, construction organization is convenient, safety is good, and related work of forcibly caving the goaf roof in the extravenal connecting roadway is carried out; blast holes in rows are parallel or approximately parallel, which is beneficial to improving the blasting effect; the blast of blast holes in rows and between rows can adopt a mode of fractional blasting, which is beneficial to reducing blasting shock waves and seismic waves.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method is characterized by comprising the following steps: forced caving blast holes are arranged in the lower wall or the upper wall of the caving section and the intrapulse connecting roadway at intervals, the arrangement line of the blast holes and the stoping route form an approximately parallel relation with the error within +/-5 degrees, and the surrounding rock of the top plate of the goaf is forcedly caved down after the stoping of the relevant route of the first mining section is finished so as to form a covering rock stratum.
2. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of the top-firing blast holes is 2-8 m.
3. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and fan-shaped blasting holes are arranged in the lower disc or the upper disc and the intra-pulse connecting roadway, and the hole bottom distance of each row of blasting holes is between 2 and 6 m.
4. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the ore removal connection roadway is arranged on the footwall of the ore body, arranging forced caving blast holes in the footwall connection roadway; when the ore removal connecting roadway is arranged on the upper plate of the ore body, the forced caving blast hole is arranged in the upper plate connecting roadway.
5. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 30m and the ore removal connecting roadway is arranged in the vein, blast holes for forced caving are arranged in the vein connecting roadway.
6. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when a blasting free surface is arranged on the side surface, caving the goaf roof surrounding rock in a blasting mode of multi-row centralized charging or row-by-row charging to form a covering rock stratum.
7. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and when the side surface has no blasting free surface, caving the surrounding rock of the top plate of the goaf by adopting a blasting mode of centralized charging to form a covering rock stratum.
8. The goaf roof treatment shot hole arrangement method as claimed in claim 6, wherein: when the trend of the ore body is larger than 80m, a partition blasting mode is adopted, blasting and roof caving are firstly carried out on the upper part of a first mining subsection mined-out area, and blasting and roof caving are carried out in a corresponding area along with the enlargement of a mined-out area.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010172965.4A CN111350506A (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method |
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| CN202010172965.4A CN111350506A (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | Goaf roof treatment blast hole arrangement method |
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| CN111350506A true CN111350506A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113154976A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-23 | 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司 | Novel fan-shaped deep hole distribution method for mining blasting |
| WO2023197393A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Method for large goaf caving-in treatment and goaf elimination in underground mine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113154976A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-23 | 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司 | Novel fan-shaped deep hole distribution method for mining blasting |
| WO2023197393A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Method for large goaf caving-in treatment and goaf elimination in underground mine |
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