CN110578523A - Top-coal caving mining method and system for medium-thick coal seam with extra large dip angle - Google Patents

Abstract

the invention provides a method and a system for mining caving coal of a medium-thickness coal seam with an extra-large dip angle. A vertical and horizontal U-shaped ventilation system is formed by communicating a process communication roadway with an upper air return roadway and a lower air inlet transportation roadway, so that timely ventilation is ensured in the coal mining process, a large-angle pseudo-inclined long arm mining mode of a medium-thickness coal seam with an extra-large inclination angle is changed into a vertical caving and caving coal mining mode through development arrangement of the roadway and installation work of mining equipment, coal between the upper air return roadway and the lower air inlet transportation roadway can be effectively mined, mechanized mining of the medium-thickness coal seam with the extra-large inclination angle is realized, the safety problem of mechanized mining with the extra-large inclination angle is effectively solved, the mining efficiency is high, and the mining equipment is stable and easy to install.

Description

Top-coal caving mining method and system for medium-thick coal seam with extra large dip angle

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular relates to a mining method and system for top-coal caving in a medium-thick coal seam with an extra-large dip angle.

Background technique

The occurrence conditions of mining steeply inclined coal seams have always been the focus of the industry. Due to the difficulty in mechanized mining of steeply inclined coal seams, explosive mining or abandonment is usually used in the mining of steeply inclined coal seams, resulting in a large waste of resources, low production efficiency, and frequent safety accidents. Therefore, under the condition of steeply inclined coal seam, how to exploit coal resources safely and effectively is one of the problems to be solved in the coal industry.

The evolution of mining methods in steeply inclined coal seams in China can be summarized into the following five stages:

The first stage of development: In the early 1950s, domestic first-line technical researchers adopted different methods according to different geological conditions, including inverted steps, horizontal stratification, long walls and dips, and coal drop with pneumatic picks. Compared with the previous ones, not only It improves the production capacity of coal mining enterprises, reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves the working environment, and also changes the technical and economic prospects of steeply inclined coal seams for the first time.

The second stage of development: Since the 1960s, electric drills were mainly used to drill holes and blast coal to drop coal in steeply inclined coal seams, replacing the first method of coal drop with pneumatic picks. In order to increase the application range of the shield support, "eight" and "7" shield supports have been successively used in mining areas such as Huainan. Compared with the flat shield bracket, it has achieved good economic benefits. At the same time, metal pillars and metal hinged roof beams were gradually adopted to improve the mining technology of steeply inclined working faces, and good technical and economic results were also obtained.

The third stage of development: in the mid-1970s, the pseudo-inclined flexible cover support coal mining method was the main method, and the Huainan mining area was a typical case. This method has the advantages of good yield, simple process, small amount of excavation, safety and high efficiency, and is still used in mining areas. In order to improve the degree of mechanization under this condition, mining areas such as Jixi, Panzhihua and Huainan have tested drum shearers, impact plows and ditches. In addition, similar experiments have been carried out in other mining areas, but the success rate is not high, and it cannot be promoted on a large scale.

The fourth stage of development: in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the mining methods of steeply inclined coal seams were further improved. The length of the working face, the increase of per unit yield and the safe production conditions have been further improved. For example, the subduction, inclination, and longwall horizontal section coal mining method successfully tested in the Xuntian Coal Mine Test of Furong Mining Bureau of Sichuan Province is a short-wall coal mining method, which has the characteristics of large production volume, good ventilation conditions, and convenient roof management.

The fifth stage of development: From the mid-1990s to the present, it has entered the stage of promotion and popularization of comprehensive mechanized mining of steeply inclined medium-thick, thick, and extra-thick coal seams.

In the past 30 years, in the mining of steeply inclined medium-thick coal seams, thick coal seams and extra-thick coal seams, seven mining methods for steeply inclined coal seams have basically been formed, including: horizontal layered fully mechanized top coal caving; roadway column-horizontal layered comprehensive Top-coal mining and caving; tilting and layering change the dip angle to longwall fully mechanized mining top coal caving; inclined to longwall change line arrangement fully mechanized top coal caving; inclined layering to longwall fully mechanized mining top coal caving; inclined to longwall pseudo-inclined Layout fully mechanized mining full height at one time; roadway column type fully mechanized mining top coal caving mining method. These methods still have not effectively solved the problem of mechanized mining of coal seams with a coal seam thickness of 1 to 5 meters and a coal seam with an inclination angle of 45 to 90 degrees, and the traditional flexible cover support blasting mining technology is still used, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 , There is a huge technical safety problem, and the state has repeatedly proposed to close such mines.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the working face of the pseudo-slanted long arm of the traditional flexible shield support is arranged as a coal seam 104, a rock formation 102, a broken rock formation 101, an upper air return roadway 105, a support 103, and a lower air inlet transport roadway 106. The inclination angle of the coal seam is In the range of 45 to 90 degrees, due to the large inclination angle, the anti-fall and anti-slip of fully mechanized mining equipment cannot be set, the construction management is difficult for personnel, and the safety hazard is large, so it is difficult to realize mechanized mining.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a mining method and system for top-coal caving in medium-thick coal seams with extra-large inclination angles. The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

In some optional embodiments, a method for caving top coal in medium-thick coal seams with an extra-large dip angle is provided, including: drilling a lower air-intake transport roadway in the coal seam, and the end of the lower air-intake transport roadway is used as a coal drop On the working face, the upper return air roadway is drilled on the upper part of the falling coal working face; the process connection roadway is drilled on the rock formation on the side of the coal seam, and the process connection roadway is respectively connected with the upper return air roadway and the The lower air inlet transportation roadway is connected; the mining equipment is installed in the lower air inlet transportation roadway; the local main fan installed in the upper air return roadway works, so that the wind enters along the lower air inlet transportation roadway, and passes through The process connection roadway flows into the upper return air roadway and is discharged; the falling rock mass pushes the loose coal at the lower part to flow downward, and the coal discharge plate on the hydraulic support in the mining equipment performs telescopic action , so that the coal flowing down falls on the reloading machine in the mining equipment, and when the coal stops flowing, the coal discharge tail beam on the hydraulic support after the coal return swings to loosen the coal to make it flow.

In some optional embodiments, the method for caving coal seams with extra large dip angle and medium thickness further includes: opening a number of safety control holes leading to the coal seam or the rock formation in the process communication roadway.

In some optional embodiments, the process of installing mining equipment in the lower air-intake transport tunnel includes: lapping the head of the transfer machine on the transfer block of the mining equipment, placing the transfer block Installed on the track in the mining equipment, the belt conveyor parallel to the track in the mining equipment is laid in the lower air inlet transport roadway.

In some optional embodiments, the present invention also provides a top-coal caving mining system in a medium-thick coal seam with a large dip angle, including: mining equipment arranged in the lower air-intake transport roadway; the mining equipment includes: hydraulic pressure before coal return Support, hydraulic support after coal return and reloading machine, the end of the reloading machine is set in the hydraulic support before coal return and the hydraulic support after coal return, and the hydraulic support after coal return is provided with a swing oil cylinder and a Coal tail beam, the action end of the swing oil cylinder is connected with the coal discharge tail beam, so that when the swing oil cylinder performs telescopic movement, the coal discharge tail beam is driven to swing on the hydraulic support after the coal is returned; A telescopic oil cylinder and a coal discharge plate are arranged on the coal discharge tail beam, and the action end of the telescopic oil cylinder is connected with the coal discharge plate, so that when the telescopic oil cylinder moves, the coal discharge plate is driven on the coal discharge plate. reciprocating movement on the tail boom; also includes: a local main fan arranged in the upper return air tunnel.

In some optional embodiments, the mining equipment further includes: reloading pulley, track and belt conveyor; one end of the reloading machine is set in the hydraulic support before coal return and the hydraulic support after coal return, and the other end It is hinged with the reloading tackle, the reloading tackle is arranged on the track, and the belt conveyor is parallel to the track and laid in the lower air inlet transport roadway.

Beneficial effects brought by the present invention: a vertical and horizontal U-shaped ventilation system is formed by connecting the process connection roadway with the upper air return roadway and the lower air inlet transportation roadway to ensure timely ventilation during coal mining, and through the development and arrangement of roadways and mining equipment During the installation work, the medium-thick coal seam with a large inclination angle was changed from the large-angle pseudo-inclined long-arm mining method to the vertical caving top-coal caving mining method, which can effectively recover the coal between the upper air return roadway and the lower air inlet transport roadway, and realize extra large The mechanized mining of medium-thick coal seams with inclination angles effectively solves the safety problems of mechanized mining at extremely large inclination angles and has high mining efficiency. The mining equipment is stable and easy to install.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the pseudo-slanted long-arm working face of a traditional flexible shield support;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a support section of a coal mining face with a traditional flexible cover support;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the space layout of the roadway of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of roadway layout of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of the hydraulic support before coal return and the hydraulic support after coal return in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation and layout of the mining equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of installation arrangement of the reloading machine of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the upper air return roadway, the process connection roadway and the lower air inlet transportation roadway of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spatial arrangement of the roadway in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following description and drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. The examples merely represent possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the order of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of other embodiments.

As shown in Figures 3 to 9, in some illustrative embodiments, the present invention provides a mining method for top-coal caving in a medium-thick coal seam with a large inclination angle, including: roadway construction, equipment installation and production process.

Among them, roadway construction includes: selecting the coal seam 1 of required height, drilling out the lower air inlet transportation roadway 5 in the coal seam 1, and the end of the lower part air inlet transportation roadway 5 is used as the coal falling working face 6, that is, the lower air inlet transportation roadway 5 is at the same level as the coal-falling working face 6, and the upper return air tunnel 3 is drilled on the upper part of the coal-falling working face 6. Simultaneously, the construction process connection roadway 4 is drilled on the rock formation 2 at the side of the coal seam 1, and the process connection roadway 4 is connected with the upper air return roadway 3 and the lower air inlet transportation roadway 5 respectively.

The roadway construction process also includes: opening a number of safety control holes 15 leading to the coal seam 1 or rock layer 2 in the process communication roadway 4 . The function of the safety control hole 15 is to deal with the looseness of the coal seam 1 and the gas extraction, and at the same time deal with the caving of the overlying rock layer 2 of the coal seam 1 and various waters in the upper part, so as to eliminate the safety hazard of coal mining.

Wherein, the equipment installation includes: installing the mining equipment in the lower air-intake transport roadway 5 . The process of installing mining equipment in the lower air intake transport roadway includes: installing a track 7 in the lower air intake transport roadway 5 for transporting the installed equipment, first installing the hydraulic support 11 before coal return and the hydraulic support 12 after coal return, and then Install reloading machine 10 and reloading tackle 8, reloading machine 10 is hinged with hydraulic support 11 before coal return, the head of reloading machine 10 is lapped on the reloading tackle 8 of mining equipment, reloading tackle 8 is installed on the track 7, and The belt conveyor 9 parallel to the track 7 is laid in the lower part of the air inlet transport roadway 5.

The local main fan 17 is installed in the upper air return tunnel 3 at the intersection of the upper return air tunnel 3 and the process communication tunnel 4 . The function of the local main fan 17 is to draw the harmful gas generated by the scattered coal 19 on the upper part of the falling coal working face 6 into the upper return air tunnel 3, and at the same time accelerate the wind speed flow in the upper return air tunnel 3.

Among them, the production process includes:

The local main fan 17 works, so that the wind 16 enters along the lower air inlet transport roadway 5, flows into the upper return air roadway 3 through the process connection roadway 4 and is discharged, and the local main fan 17 discharges the gas above the coal falling working face 6 and accelerates the upper air flow. Gas flow in return air tunnel 3;

The falling rock mass 18 pushes the loose coal at its lower part to flow downward, and after the coal is returned, the coal discharge plate 14 on the hydraulic support 12 performs a telescopic movement, so that the flowing coal falls onto the loader 10 in the mining equipment to realize scattering Coal 19 falls on the tail of the reloader 10, and the scattered coal 19 is transported to the ground by the reloader 10 through the belt conveyor 9, and when the coal stops flowing, the coal discharge tail beam 20 on the hydraulic support 12 after the coal is returned swings to loosen the coal. make it flow.

In some illustrative embodiments, the present invention also provides a top-coal caving mining system for medium-thick coal seams with a large dip angle, including: mining equipment arranged in the lower air-intake transport tunnel 5 .

Mining equipment includes: hydraulic support 11 before coal return, hydraulic support 12 after coal return, reloader 10, reload block 8, track 7, belt conveyor 9, swing cylinder 13, coal discharge tail beam 20, telescopic cylinder 21 and coal discharge plug plate 14.

One end of the loader 10 is arranged in the hydraulic support 11 before coal return and the hydraulic support 12 after coal return, and the other end is hinged with the transfer tackle 8 . The transfer tackle 8 is arranged on the track 7, and the belt conveyor 9 is parallel to the track 7 and laid in the lower air-intake transport roadway 5.

After the coal is returned, the hydraulic support 12 is provided with a swing oil cylinder 13 and a coal discharge tail beam 20 for loosening the coal seam. The coal discharge tail beam 20 is hinged with the hydraulic support 12 after the coal return; , the fixed end is connected with the hydraulic support 12 after the coal return, and when the swing cylinder 13 does telescopic movement, it drives the coal discharge tail beam 20 to swing on the hydraulic support 12 after the coal return, so as to realize loosening and scattering of coal 19.

The coal discharge tail beam 20 is provided with a telescopic oil cylinder 21 and a coal discharge insert 14 for blocking and discharging coal. The action end of the telescopic oil cylinder 21 is connected with the coal discharge insert 14. When the telescopic oil cylinder 21 moves, it drives the coal discharge insert 14 moves back and forth on the coal discharge tail beam 20, promptly realizes coal discharge inserting plate 14 telescopically on the coal discharge tail beam 20, when the rock mass 18 that caving promotes scattered coal 19 whereabouts, coal discharge insert plate 14 telescopically realizes coal discharge.

Wherein, the moving end of the oil cylinder refers to the end that moves when the oil cylinder is working, and the other end is the fixed end. The hydraulic support 12 after the coal return, the hydraulic support 11 and the loader 10 before the coal return guide each other to walk.

The top-coal caving mining system for medium-thick coal seams with a large dip angle of the present invention also includes: a local main fan 17 arranged in the upper air return roadway 3 at the intersection point of the upper air return roadway 3 and the process communication roadway 4 . The function of the local main fan 17 is to draw the harmful gas generated by the scattered coal 19 on the upper part of the falling coal working face 6 into the upper return air tunnel 3, and at the same time accelerate the wind speed flow in the upper return air tunnel 3.

The mining system for top-coal caving in medium-thick coal seams with extra-large inclination angle of the present invention needs roadway construction before use, and the roadway construction includes: drilling the lower air-intake transportation roadway 5 in the coal seam 1, and the end of the lower air-intake transportation roadway 5 is used for coal drop work Face 6, that is, the lower air inlet transport roadway 5 is at the same level as the coal falling working face 6, and the upper return air roadway 3 is drilled on the upper part of the coal falling working face 6. A process connection roadway 4 is drilled on the rock layer 2 at the side of the coal seam 1, and the process connection roadway 4 communicates with the upper air return roadway 3 and the lower air inlet transport roadway 5 respectively. A number of safety control holes 15 leading to the coal seam 1 or the rock formation 2 are opened in the process connection roadway 4 . The function of the safety control hole 15 is to deal with the looseness of the coal seam 1 and the gas extraction, and at the same time deal with the caving of the overlying rock layer 2 of the coal seam 1 and various waters in the upper part, so as to eliminate the safety hazard of coal mining.

The process of installing mining equipment in the lower air inlet transport tunnel 5 includes: installing a track 7 in the lower air inlet transport tunnel 5 for transporting the installed equipment, first installing the hydraulic support 11 before coal return and the hydraulic support 12 after coal return, Then install reloading machine 10 and reprinting tackle 8, reloading machine 10 is hinged with hydraulic support 11 before coal return, the head of reloading machine 10 is lapped on the reloading tackle 8 of mining equipment, reprinting tackle 8 is installed on the track 7, The belt conveyor 9 parallel to the track 7 is laid in the lower part of the air inlet transport roadway 5.

The local main fan 17 works, so that the wind 16 enters along the lower air inlet transport roadway 5, flows into the upper return air roadway 3 through the process connection roadway 4 and is discharged, and the local main fan 17 discharges the gas above the coal falling working face 6 and accelerates the upper air flow. Gas flow in return air tunnel 3 .

The falling rock mass 18 pushes the loose coal at its lower part to flow downward, and after the coal is returned, the coal discharge plate 14 on the hydraulic support 12 performs a telescopic movement, so that the flowing coal falls onto the loader 10 in the mining equipment to realize scattering Coal 19 falls on the tail of the reloader 10, and the scattered coal 19 is transported to the ground by the reloader 10 through the belt conveyor 9, and when the coal stops flowing, the coal discharge tail beam 20 on the hydraulic support 12 after the coal is returned swings to loosen the coal. make it flow.

Those skilled in the art should also understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (5)

1. The mining method of top-coal caving in a medium-thick coal seam with an extra-large dip angle is characterized in that it includes: Drilling a lower air-intake transportation roadway in the coal seam, and the end of the lower air-intake transportation roadway is used as a coal-falling working face, and an upper return-air roadway is drilled on the upper part of the coal-falling working face; Drilling a process connection roadway on the rock formation at the side of the coal seam, and the process connection roadway communicates with the upper air return roadway and the lower air inlet transport roadway respectively; Install mining equipment in the lower air inlet transport tunnel; The local main fan installed in the upper air return tunnel works, so that the wind enters along the lower air inlet transport tunnel, flows into the upper return air tunnel through the process connection tunnel, and discharges; The falling rock mass pushes the loose coal at the lower part to flow downward, and the coal discharge plate on the hydraulic support in the mining equipment performs telescopic action, so that the flowing coal falls onto the reloading machine in the mining equipment , and when the coal stops flowing, the coal tail beam on the hydraulic support after the coal is returned swings to loosen the coal to make it flow. 2. The mining method for top-coal caving in a medium-thick coal seam with an extra-large dip angle according to claim 1, further comprising: opening a number of safety control holes leading to the coal seam or the rock formation in the process communication roadway. 3. The mining method for top-coal caving in medium-thick coal seams with extra large inclination angle according to claim 2, characterized in that, the process of installing mining equipment in the lower air-intake transport roadway comprises: lapping the nose of the transfer machine On the reloading block of the mining equipment, the reloading block is installed on the track in the mining equipment, and the belt conveyor parallel to the track in the mining equipment is laid on the lower air intake transport roadway Inside. 4. The top-coal caving mining system for medium-thick coal seams with extra-large inclination is characterized in that it includes: mining equipment arranged in the lower air inlet transport roadway; the mining equipment includes: hydraulic support before coal return, hydraulic support after coal return and reprinted machine, the end of the reloading machine is set in the hydraulic support before the coal return and the hydraulic support after the coal return, the hydraulic support after the coal return is provided with a swing oil cylinder and a coal discharge tail beam, and the swing oil cylinder The action end is connected to the coal discharge tail beam, so that when the swing cylinder performs telescopic movement, the coal discharge tail beam is driven to swing on the hydraulic support after the coal is returned; the telescopic oil cylinder and the coal discharge tail beam are set on the coal discharge tail beam. The coal discharge plate, the action end of the telescopic oil cylinder is connected to the coal discharge plate, so that when the telescopic oil cylinder moves, the coal discharge plate is driven to reciprocate on the coal discharge tail beam; it also includes: The local main fan installed in the upper return air passage. 5. The top-coal caving mining system for medium-thick coal seams with a large dip angle according to claim 4, characterized in that the mining equipment further comprises: reloading block, track and belt conveyor; one end of the reloading machine is arranged on the In the front hydraulic support and the hydraulic support after coal return, the other end is hinged with the reload block, the reload block is arranged on the track, and the belt conveyor is parallel to the track and laid on the lower air intake Inside the transport lane.