CN105830904A - Tidal soilless cultivation equipment - Google Patents
Tidal soilless cultivation equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830904A CN105830904A CN201610396007.9A CN201610396007A CN105830904A CN 105830904 A CN105830904 A CN 105830904A CN 201610396007 A CN201610396007 A CN 201610396007A CN 105830904 A CN105830904 A CN 105830904A
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- soilless culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses tidal soilless cultivation equipment, comprising: at least one cultivation unit each comprising a cultivation trough and an 'omega'-shaped partition; each cultivation trough comprises an upper planting area and a lower liquid supply trough, and the lower end of the planting area inwardly forms a step fixed to the upper end of the liquid supply trough so that the cross section of the cultivation trough is 'T'-shaped; two ends of the liquid supply trough are provided respectively with a liquid supply pipe and a communicating pipe, the side of the cultivation trough close to the communicating pipe forms a liquid discharge trough head through a moving insert, the end of the cultivation trough close to the communicating pipe is provided with a 'U'-shaped siphon, one end of the 'U'-shaped siphon is connected with the communicating pipe, and the other end of the 'U'-shaped siphon is led to the liquid discharge trough head; an arc area of the 'omega'-shaped partition is provided with a hole, and fins on two sides of the 'omega'-shaped partition are placed on the step of the cultivation trough. The tidal soilless cultivation equipment has the advantages that a good growth environment is provided for the growth of plants, planting quantity and yield per unit land area are greatly increased, substrate and nutrient solution can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation technique without soil field, relate to a kind of tidal type soilless culture facility.
Background technology
Soilless culture is acknowledged as a revolutionary achievement and the breakthrough of 20th century world agriculture science and technology.China is in the 1980's from real starting research and development and application cultivation technique without soil since the establishment of the nation, after reform and opening-up, along with harbour, the open city guesthouses for foreign guests cleaning pollution-free salad vegetable rush of demand to western-style food, promotesCountryThe Ministry of Agriculture and each province and city registration study.It is primarily involved in researching and developing unit and has Agricultural University Of Nanjing, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture agriculture project academy, Zhejiang academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing Agricultural University, Zhejiang Agricultural Univ, Jiangsu academy of agricultural sciences and Shandong agricultural university, Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences, south China agricultural university etc., finally introduce and research and develop and promoted such as nutrient film techinique, kickboard hollow billet water culture, Different Stroma is trained, deep liquid stream water culture technique, Shandong SC tank farming, the soilless culture systems such as Soilless culture technology, above-mentioned cultivation technique without soil effectively alleviates harbour, open city guesthouses for foreign guests then and special procures clean pollution-free raw vegetable.So far, ecological organic substrate is trained in Desert of Gobi, skerries Deng Fei arable land district, South Sea military project petroleum base large-area applications is in the production of fresh vegetables and fruits, water culture technique then more is applied to the field such as flower culture sight-seeing agriculture and industrial crops nursery, all achieves significant social economy ecological benefits.Solid Organic Matrix cultivation typically supports the use with drip irrigation system, but the irrigation water of China's most area mostly is hard water, and containing impurity such as more salts, life-time service is easily caused the hollow billet blocking of drip irrigation.The cleaner convenience of gardening product that water culture technique produces, but technical difficulty is bigger, it is desirable to and grower has certain know-how, and cost is the highest, and paroxysmal long-time power failure can cause crop to wilt even dead because feed flow deficiency.
Tidal irrigation is one of bottom-irrigating form, during operation, irrigation water or nutritional solution flow into cultivating pool or planting bed through water inlet, after liquid level reaches 4-6cm, maintain 5-10 minute (concrete liquid level and holding time, depending on cultivation matrix, floristics and growth and development stage thereof), after substrate water-holding capacity is saturated, irrigation liquid is returned to fluid reservoir by outlet through filtering, sterilizing, whole process goes through flood tide (irrigation), two stages of ebb tide (backwater), likeness in form tidewater fluctuation, therefore named tidal irrigation.Tidal irrigation moisture is to overcome centrifugal force to infiltrate substrate from bottom to top under capillary force pulls, and is different from the top irrigation relying on action of gravity increase water content of substrate.Compared with other irrigation method, tidal irrigation mode have water supply uniformly rapidly, water-saving fertilizer-saving, the problem causing crop water shortage because of sudden power failure in water planting can be overcome.It is more suitable for large-scale batch production crop production.
At present, tidal irrigation is extensive at Application comparison agriculturally, from the production of flowers, and such as Flos Hydrangeae Macrophyllae, the red palm, to the production of vegetable, such as Plantula Brassicae chinensis, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Cucurbita pepo L. etc., all relate to.But the facility used in these tidal irrigations mostly is ground cultivating pool and planting bed two kinds of application forms.Ground cultivating pool is in ground, operative or other management and is easy to pathogenic soil microorganism be brought into and cause irrigation liquid to pollute, and cultivating pool position, size are relatively fixed, and are unfavorable for plant disease control and plant growth regulating.Though the planting bed deficiency that can overcome ground cultivating pool, its cost is higher, is unsuitable for spread, and both planting forms the most do not improve the utilization rate in soil compared with traditional outdoor cropping.
In sum, generally there is the production efficiency of facility resource in the vegetable soilless culture system of domestic current and utilization ratio is low, it is impossible to adapts to the problem such as demand of high efficiency factory farm development trend.Being in particular in that substrate and the nutritional solution amount ratio of existing cultivating facility such as Shandong SC etc. are more, the materials making cultivation bed are the most, and cultivation bed inside and outside portion structure is not suitable for the growth growing also and then affecting plant of plant root.Then, we are to technology upgrading and the innovation in addition of existing cultivation system, designing and be suitable to batch production, intelligent production, the vegetable tidal type soilless culture facility of highly effective, to meeting facility, without soilization, intellectuality, the development trend of the intensive modern agriculture of efficient industrial.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple in construction, plantation place is not specially required, good growing environment, the plantation amount that land area of one unit is greatly improved and harvest yield can be provided for plant growing and the highly effective tidal type Soilless culture trough of substrate and nutritional solution consumption can be saved.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of tidal type soilless culture facility, cultivates unit including at least one, and described cultivation unit includes cultivation bed 1 and " Ω " type demarcation strip 2；Described cultivation bed 1 includes the growing area 5 on top and the feed tank 4 of bottom, and the lower end of growing area 5 forms the upper end of step 3 and feed tank 4 and fixes that to make the cross section of cultivation bed 1 be T-shape to inner side；Described feed tank 4 be respectively arranged at two ends with feed pipe 7 and communicating pipe 6.2, discharge opeing trough 6 is formed by active plugboard 6.3 in cultivation bed 1 side of nearly communicating pipe 6.2, cultivation bed 1 nearly communicating pipe 6.2 end be provided with " U " type siphon 6.1, one end of described " U " type siphon 6.1 and connecting communicating pipe 6.2, the other end is passed through discharge opeing trough 6；The arc area of described " Ω " type demarcation strip 2 is provided with some for permeable hole 2.1, and " Ω " type demarcation strip 2 is placed on the step 3 of cultivation bed 1 by the wing of its both sides.
Arch section at described " Ω " type demarcation strip 2 is uniformly distributed the circular opening 2.1 of a diameter of 5mm, and the spacing between adjacent holes is 1.5cm.Distance between adjacent holes of the present invention refers to the distance between adjacent circular hole center.
The effect of discharge opeing trough 6 is the space providing siphon for " U " type siphon 6.1, when the nutritional solution in feed tank 4 covers the top of " U " type siphon 6.1, forming siphon in " U " type siphon, the nutritional solution in feed tank 4 discharges feed tank 4 by " U " type siphon.
Described growing area 5 and the cross section of feed tank 4 are all in inverted trapezoidal, and the overall crosssections in appearance of cultivation bed (1) is T-shape.
When described tidal type soilless culture facility is made up of a cultivation unit, during use, the end that communicating pipe 6.2 is connected with feed tank 4 is sealed up；When described tidal type soilless culture facility is made up of at least two cultivation unit, one of them cultivation unit passes through to connect with the feed pipe 7 of adjacent cultivation unit communicating pipe 6.2 so that adjacent cultivation unit is connected.
Described active plugboard 6.3 is dismountable plate.When described tidal type soilless culture facility is composed in series by least two cultivation unit, removes the active plugboard 6.3 in other cultivation unit outside the cultivation unit being positioned at drain side, the region of former discharge opeing trough is changed into growing area, increases cultivated area.
Described " U " type siphon 6.1 is passed through the port of discharge opeing trough 6 with the bottom of feed tank 4 at a distance of 0.5cm；" U " type siphon top exceeds the top 1cm of " Ω " type demarcation strip 2.The height on " U " type siphon 6.1 summit directly determines feed flow height, and only when liquid supply rate overflows to siphon top, could form siphonage.When tidal type soilless culture facility is composed in series by least two cultivation unit, the siphon of other cultivation unit in addition to the cultivation unit of drain side is inoperative, but is directly discharged to by 6.2 feed flows of communicating pipe in the feed tank 4 of next cultivation unit.
A kind of solid cultivation system using described tidal type soilless culture facility to make, places tidal type soilless culture facility in the both sides of " A " font stereoscopic cultivating frame, and described tidal type soilless culture facility includes a cultivation unit.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Soilless culture facility structure of the present invention is simple, plantation place is not specially required, good growing environment can be provided for plant growing, plantation amount and the harvest yield of land area of one unit are greatly improved, and the highly effective tidal type soilless culture facility of substrate and nutritional solution consumption can be saved.It is embodied in:
Cambered design in " Ω " type demarcation strip had both been beneficial to nutritional solution and had been delivered to plant root by capillarity rapidly and uniformly, feed flow is conducive to again to be discharged by unnecessary moisture after terminating, and the contact area of substrate and air can be increased, increase the oxygen content in substrate, and the growth for plant provides suitable water, fertilizer, gas condition.Two open and flat wings in " Ω " type demarcation strip are then conducive to the cleaning of substrate after cultivation.
Soilless culture facility of the present invention is both suitable for being placed directly in and is used alone on the ground, is more suitable for being placed on and connects into a system on " A " font cultivating stand and enterRow is verticalBody is cultivated, and meets the requirement of process of Industrial Agriculture production.If soilless culture facility of the present invention is placed in high 1.5m, bottom width is on special " A " font stereoscopic cultivating frame of 1.55m, 5 rows can be put in every side of " A " font stereoscopic cultivating frame, then can place ten soilless culture facilities on a cultivating stand, land use rate can reach 110%, and general solid cultivation land use rate is between 90%～100%, land use rate improves 10%～22.2%.
" U " type siphon of present invention employing, communicating pipe, feed pipe, active plugboard, " Ω " type demarcation strip are accessory dismantled and assembled, replaceable, can flexible assembling in actual agricultural production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1Structural representation for the cultivation unit of tidal type soilless culture facility of the present inventionFigure。
Figure 2Structural representation for the discharge opeing trough cultivating unit of tidal type soilless culture facility of the present inventionFigure。
Figure 3The structural representation of " Ω " type demarcation strip for the cultivation bed of tidal type soilless culture facility of the present inventionFigure。
Wherein: 1-cultivation bed, 2-" Ω " type demarcation strip, 3-step, 4-feed tank, 5-growing area, 6-discharge opeing trough, 7-feed pipe；2.1-small holes, 6.1-" U " type siphon, 6.2-communicating pipe, 6.3 active plugboards.
Figure 4For number of blade trend during employing tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and same specification Shandong SC 4 times of low body foot Huang Plantula Brassicae chinensis of cultivationFigure。
Figure 5For plant height trend during employing tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and same specification Shandong SC 4 times of low body foot Huang Plantula Brassicae chinensis of cultivationFigure。
Figure 6For degree of development trend during employing tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and same specification Shandong SC 4 times of low body foot Huang Plantula Brassicae chinensis of cultivationFigure。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction withAccompanying drawingWith specific embodiment, technical scheme is described further.
Such as figure 1、Figure 2WithFigure 3Shown in, a kind of tidal type soilless culture facility, including a cultivation unit, described cultivation unit includes cultivation bed 1 and " Ω " type demarcation strip 2；Described cultivation bed 1 includes the growing area 5 on top and the feed tank 4 of bottom, and the lower end of growing area 5 forms the upper end of step 3 and feed tank 4 and fixes that to make the cross section of cultivation bed 1 be T-shape to inner side；Described feed tank 4 be respectively arranged at two ends with feed pipe 7 and communicating pipe 6.2, discharge opeing trough 6 is formed by active plugboard 6.3 in cultivation bed 1 side of nearly communicating pipe 6.2, cultivation bed 1 nearly communicating pipe 6.2 end be provided with " U " type siphon 6.1, one end of described " U " type siphon 6.1 and connecting communicating pipe 6.2, the other end is passed through discharge opeing trough 6, being positioned at the port of discharge opeing trough 6 with the bottom of feed tank 4 at a distance of 0.5cm, " U " type siphon top exceeds the top 1cm of " Ω " type demarcation strip 2；The arc area of described " Ω " type demarcation strip 2 is provided with some for permeable hole 2.1, and " Ω " type demarcation strip 2 is placed on the step 3 of cultivation bed 1 by the wing of its both sides.
The circular opening of a diameter of 5mm of described hole 2.1, the spacing between adjacent holes is 1.5cm.Described growing area 5 and the cross section of feed tank 4 are all in inverted trapezoidal；Upper bottom width 22cm of growing area 5, lower bottom width 10cm, high 12cm；Upper bottom width 7cm of feed tank 4, lower bottom width 5cm, high 4cm.
Substrate needs after being used for multiple times to clear up away from growing area, now has fraction matrix and trickles down on demarcation strip from agricultural root resistance cloth, and two open and flat wings in " Ω " type demarcation strip can prevent substrate from falling into feed tank further.Demarcation strip is taken out when clearing up substrate, if not having unrestrained substrate on demarcation strip, need not be taken out by demarcation strip.
Application Example
1, material prepares
The test kind of cultivation is 4 times of low body feet Huangs that Agricultural University Of Nanjing Hou Xilin teaches Chinese cabbage Research Team.Seedling medium is the seeding and seedling raising substrate (total nutrient content (N+P that Zhenjiang Pei Lei fertilizer company limited produces2O5+K2O): 2.0%-5.0%, the content of organic matter (butt): >=20%), cultivation substrate is the cultivation organoclay (content of organic matter is not less than 25%) that Zhenjiang Pei Lei fertilizer company limited produces.Test site is Agricultural University Of Nanjing's decorated archway Experimental Base.
(Xing Yuxian, Wang Xiufeng, Wang Xuejun etc., " Shandong SC-II type " soilless culture arranges system and benefit type [J], China's Vegetable, 1992 (S1): 24-29 for tidal type soilless culture facility and same specification Shandong SC.) all make by the PVC board that thickness is 3mm, each system 8.The size of tidal type soilless culture facility is: upper bottom width 22cm of growing area, lower bottom width 10cm, high 12cm；Upper bottom width 7cm of feed tank, lower bottom width 5cm, high 4cm.The size of same specification Shandong SC is: upper bottom width 22cm of growing area, lower bottom width 11cm, high 11cm；Upper bottom width 11cm of feed tank, high 11cm.
2, test method
By the seed yellow with 4 times of low body feet with liquor natrii hypochloritis's surface sterilization 5～10min of 10%, then scalding process 15min in water 55 DEG C of temperature, then soak seed in the warm water of 30 DEG C 8h, the calorstat being placed on 28 DEG C in accelerating germination, humidity 80%, keeps dark, until germinateing.
Treat seed germination, choose the planting seed of full, germination neat and consistent in equipped with in 128 hole dishes of seedling medium, one, every cave.After having sowed, hole tray is placed in the greenhouse that illumination is good, irregularly supplements the moisture in substrate, build the environment being suitable to leaf vegetables growth.
Two process are set: tidal type soilless culture facility processes, Shandong SC process, on each demarcation strip, pad one layer of agricultural root resistance cloth before field planting, the most again by cultivation substrate uniform spreading on agricultural root resistance cloth.Being colonizated in respectively in tidal type soilless culture facility and Shandong SC when leaf vegetables plant strain growth to 5 slice leaf, each process sets 8 repetitions, and random alignment becomes two rows, 4 times of low body foot Huang Plantula Brassicae chinensis of field planting two row, often row field planting 10, spacing in the rows 10cm in each cultivation bed.Each process being carried out tidal irrigation, irrigates clear water every day once, when liquid level lifting height is from substrate base up 3cm, nutritional solution discharges cultivating facility through siphon port, completes a feed flow cycle.
Measure the plant height of Plantula Brassicae chinensis, degree of development after transplanting week about, and record its number of blade.The single plant yield i.e. fresh weight of last independent measurement Plantula Brassicae chinensis and dry weight, and chlorophyll content.Every sub-sampling randomly draws 6 plant in each cultivation bed.Comprehensive analysis the present embodiment tidal type soilless culture facility and the cost of Shandong SC, substrates quantity, nutritional solution consumption, the yield and quality of Plantula Brassicae chinensis, and compare the cultivation effect of tidal type soilless culture facility accordingly.
3. experimental result and analysis
Table 1Tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and Shandong SC substrates quantity, nutritional solution consumption and the comparison of consumable quantity
ByTable 1Showing, the present embodiment tidal type soilless culture facility has saved 4.33%, 28.53% and 10.86% than same specification Shandong SC in terms of substrates quantity, nutritional solution consumption and making material usage respectively.
Table 2Tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and Shandong SC are in the comparison of 4 times of low body foot Huang Plantula Brassicae chinensis cultivation yield
ByTable 2Show, the present embodiment tidal type soilless culture facility has notable difference with tradition Shandong SC in terms of crop yield, has exceeded 33.7%, 37.5%, 15.9%, 5.1%, 39.89% than same specification Shandong SC respectively at aspects such as economic flow rate, Herb fresh weight, Herb dry weight, underground part fresh weight, underground part dry weights.
ByFigure 4、Figure 5、Figure 6Showing, compared with tradition Shandong SC, the present embodiment tidal type soilless culture facility has a clear superiority in the growth indexes such as the number of blade, plant height, degree of development.
Above-mentioned enforcement is only a description to embodiment of the present invention; not the spirit and scope of the present invention are bound; on the premise of without departing from design concept of the present invention, the present invention is designed any deformation and improvement made by this area other staff, all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a tidal type soilless culture facility, it is characterised in that include that at least one cultivates unit, described cultivation unit bag
Include cultivation bed (1) and " Ω " type demarcation strip (2)；Described cultivation bed (1) includes growing area (5) and the bottom on top
Feed tank (4), the lower end of growing area (5) forms to inner side that the upper end of step (3) and feed tank (4) is fixing makes cultivation
The cross section of groove (1) is T-shape；Described feed tank (4) be respectively arranged at two ends with feed pipe (7) and communicating pipe
(6.2), discharge opeing trough (6) is formed by active plugboard (6.3), in cultivation in nearly communicating pipe (6.2) side of cultivation bed (1)
Groove (1) nearly communicating pipe (6.2) holds and is provided with " U " type siphon (6.1), the one of described " U " type siphon (6.1)
End and communicating pipe (6.2) connect, and the other end is passed through discharge opeing trough (6)；The arcuate segments of described " Ω " type demarcation strip (2)
Territory is provided with some for permeable hole (2.1), and " Ω " type demarcation strip (2) is placed in cultivation bed by the wing of its both sides
(1) on step (3).
Tidal type soilless culture facility the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at described " Ω " type demarcation strip
(2) arch section is uniformly distributed the circular opening (2.1) of a diameter of 5mm, and the spacing between adjacent holes (2.1) is
1cm。
Tidal type soilless culture facility the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described growing area (5) and feed flow
The cross section of groove (4) is all in inverted trapezoidal, and the overall crosssections in appearance of cultivation bed (1) is T-shape.
Tidal type soilless culture facility the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tidal type soilless culture sets
Executing when be made up of at least two cultivation unit, one of them cultivation unit passes through confession of communicating pipe (6.2) and adjacent cultivation unit
Liquid pipe (7) connects so that adjacent cultivation unit is connected.
Tidal type soilless culture facility the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described active plugboard (6.3) is
Dismountable plate；When described tidal type soilless culture facility is composed in series by least two cultivation unit, removes and be positioned at discharge opeing
The active plugboard (6.3) in other cultivation unit outside the cultivation unit of end.
Tidal type soilless culture facility the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described " U " type siphon
(6.1) port of discharge opeing trough (6) it is passed through with the bottom of feed tank (4) at a distance of 0.5cm；" U " type siphon (6.1)
Top exceed the top 1cm of " Ω " type demarcation strip (2).
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| CN106489703A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-15 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of pieced from backwater substrate groove |
| CN107173206A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-19 | 卒子科技（深圳）有限公司 | An ultra shallow liquid layer tide planting method |
| CN109076813A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-25 | 山东启迪农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of buried tube type tide irrigation system and control method |
| CN110050682A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of tidal type soilless cultivation facility and cultivation system |
| CN112753643A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-07 | 上海绿椰农业种植专业合作社 | Fish and plant symbiosis closed-loop operation system |
| CN112897802A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 上海绿椰农业种植专业合作社 | Symbiotic four-stage water treatment system for fish and plants |
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| CN106489703A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-15 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of pieced from backwater substrate groove |
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| CN110050682A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of tidal type soilless cultivation facility and cultivation system |
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| CN112753643A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-07 | 上海绿椰农业种植专业合作社 | Fish and plant symbiosis closed-loop operation system |
| CN112897802A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 上海绿椰农业种植专业合作社 | Symbiotic four-stage water treatment system for fish and plants |
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Application publication date: 20160810 |