CN105830904A - Tidal soilless cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tidal soilless cultivation facility, comprising at least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit includes a cultivation tank and an "Ω" type partition plate; the cultivation tank includes an upper planting area and a lower liquid supply tank, the planting area The lower end forms a step inward and the upper end of the liquid supply tank is fixed so that the cross section of the cultivation tank is "T"-shaped; The head of the drainage tank is formed by the movable plate, and a "U"-shaped siphon is arranged at the end of the cultivation tank near the connecting pipe. One end of the "U"-shaped siphon is connected to the connecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the head of the draining tank; "Ω" type Holes are arranged on the arc-shaped area of the partition board, and the "Ω"-shaped partition board is placed on the steps of the cultivation tank through the wings on both sides of the partition board. The soilless cultivation facility of the present invention has the advantages of being able to provide a good growth environment for plant growth, greatly increasing the planting and harvesting per unit land area, and saving the amount of substrate and nutrient solution.

Description

A tidal type soilless cultivation facility

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation, and relates to a tidal type soilless cultivation facility.

Background technique

Soilless cultivation is recognized as a revolutionary achievement and breakthrough of world agricultural science and technology in the 20th century. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the R & D and application of soilless cultivation technology were really started in the 1980s. After the reform and opening up, the demand for clean and pollution-free raw vegetables for Western food in foreign-related hotels in open cities and ports surged, prompting the Ministry of Agriculture and various provinces and cities to initiate research projects. . The main participating R&D units include Nanjing Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Agricultural University, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South China Agricultural University, etc. , and finally introduced, developed and promoted soilless cultivation systems such as nutrient liquid film technology, floating plate capillary hydroponics, organic ecological substrate cultivation, deep liquid flow hydroponics technology, Lu SC soilless cultivation method, rock wool cultivation technology, etc. The above-mentioned soilless cultivation technology has effectively alleviated the special demand for clean and pollution-free fresh vegetables in foreign-related hotels in ports of open cities. So far, organic ecological substrate culture has been widely used in the production of fresh vegetables and fruits in military oil bases in non-arable areas such as the Gobi Desert and South China Sea reefs, while hydroponics technology is mostly used in flower cultivation, sightseeing agriculture and economic crop seedling cultivation. Significant socio-economic and ecological benefits have been achieved. Solid organic substrate cultivation is generally used in conjunction with the drip irrigation system, but the irrigation water in most areas of my country is mostly hard water, containing more impurities such as salts, and long-term use can easily lead to capillary blockage of drip irrigation. The horticultural products produced by hydroponic technology are relatively clean and convenient, but the technology is relatively difficult, requiring the grower to have a certain level of knowledge, and the cost is relatively high, and sudden long-term power outages will cause crops to wilt or even die due to insufficient liquid supply .

Tidal irrigation is one of the forms of bottom irrigation. During operation, irrigation water or nutrient solution flows into the cultivation pool or planting bed through the water inlet. After the liquid level reaches 4-6cm, it is maintained for 5-10 minutes (the specific liquid level and maintenance time, Depending on the cultivation medium, plant species and their growth and development stages), after the water holding capacity of the substrate is saturated, the irrigation liquid is filtered and sterilized from the water outlet and returned to the liquid storage tank. This stage is similar to the ebb and flow of the tide, hence the name tidal irrigation. Tidal irrigation water infiltrates the substrate from bottom to top under the pull of capillary force against gravity, which is different from top irrigation that relies on gravity to increase the water content of the substrate. Compared with other irrigation methods, the tidal irrigation method has uniform and rapid water supply, saves water and fertilizer, and can overcome the problem of crop water shortage caused by sudden power outages in hydroponics. It is more suitable for large-scale factory crop production.

At present, tidal irrigation is widely used in agriculture, ranging from the production of flowers, such as hydrangeas and anthuriums, to the production of vegetables, such as cabbage, lettuce, and zucchini. However, the facilities used in these tidal irrigation are mostly two application forms of ground cultivation ponds and planting beds. Ground cultivation ponds are located on the ground, so soil pathogenic microorganisms can easily be brought in by workers or other managements to cause contamination of irrigation solution, and the location and size of the cultivation ponds are relatively fixed, which is not conducive to plant disease control and plant growth regulation. Though planting bed can overcome the deficiency of ground cultivation pond, its cost is higher, is not suitable for large-scale popularization, and these two kinds of cultivation forms compare with traditional open-field cultivation and also do not improve the utilization rate of land.

In summary, the current domestic vegetable soilless cultivation system generally has problems such as low production efficiency and utilization efficiency of facility resources, and cannot adapt to the needs of the development trend of industrialized and efficient agriculture. Specifically, existing cultivation facilities such as Lu SC use a large amount of substrate and nutrient solution, and more materials are used to make cultivation tanks. The internal and external structures of the cultivation tanks are not suitable for the development of plant roots and affect the growth of plants. Therefore, we upgraded and innovated the existing cultivation system, and designed an efficient and practical vegetable tidal soilless cultivation facility suitable for industrialization and intelligent production, in order to meet the needs of facilities, soilless, intelligent, and industrialization. The development trend of efficient and intensive modern agriculture.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple structure, no special requirements on the planting site, can provide a good growth environment for plant growth, greatly increase the planting and harvesting per unit land area, and can save substrate and nutrient solution High-efficiency and practical tidal soilless cultivation tank.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A tidal soilless cultivation facility, comprising at least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit includes a cultivation tank 1 and an "Ω" type partition 2; the cultivation tank 1 includes an upper planting area 5 and a lower supply Liquid tank 4, the lower end of the planting area 5 forms a step 3 inwardly and the upper end of the liquid supply tank 4 is fixed so that the cross section of the cultivation tank 1 is "T" shaped; the two ends of the liquid supply tank 4 are respectively provided with a liquid supply The pipe 7 and the connecting pipe 6.2 form a liquid discharge tank head 6 through the movable insert plate 6.3 on the side of the cultivation tank 1 near the communication pipe 6.2, and a "U"-shaped siphon 6.1 is provided at the end of the cultivation tank 1 near the communication pipe 6.2, and the " One end of the U"-shaped siphon 6.1 is connected to the connecting pipe 6.2, and the other end is connected to the liquid discharge tank head 6; the arc-shaped area of the "Ω"-shaped partition 2 is provided with a number of holes 2.1 for water penetration, " The Ω"-shaped partition plate 2 is placed on the step 3 of the cultivation tank 1 through its wings on both sides.

Circular holes 2.1 with a diameter of 5 mm are evenly distributed on the arc portion of the “Ω”-shaped partition plate 2, and the distance between adjacent holes is 1.5 cm. The distance between adjacent holes in the present invention refers to the distance between the centers of adjacent circular holes.

The function of the drain tank head 6 is to provide a siphon space for the "U"-shaped siphon 6.1. When the nutrient solution in the liquid supply tank 4 overflows the top of the "U"-shaped siphon 6.1, a siphon is formed in the "U"-shaped siphon. The nutrient solution in the liquid supply tank 4 is discharged from the liquid supply tank 4 through a "U" type siphon.

The cross-sections of the planting area 5 and the liquid supply tank 4 are both inverted trapezoidal, and the overall cross-sectional appearance of the cultivation tank (1) is "T" shaped.

When the tidal type soilless cultivation facility is composed of one cultivation unit, the end connecting the connecting pipe 6.2 and the liquid supply tank 4 is sealed when in use; the described tidal type soilless cultivation facility is composed of at least two cultivation units , one of the cultivation units is connected to the liquid supply pipe 7 of the adjacent cultivation unit through the communication pipe 6.2 so that the adjacent cultivation units are connected in series.

The movable board 6.3 is a detachable board. When the tidal soilless cultivation facility is composed of at least two cultivation units connected in series, remove the movable plate 6.3 in other cultivation units other than the cultivation unit at the discharge end, and change the area of the original drainage tank head to plant area, increase the planting area.

The port of the "U"-shaped siphon 6.1 leading into the liquid discharge tank head 6 is 0.5 cm away from the bottom of the liquid supply tank 4; the top of the "U"-shaped siphon is 1 cm higher than the top of the "Ω"-shaped partition 2. The height of the apex of the "U"-shaped siphon tube 6.1 directly determines the height of the liquid supply, and only when the liquid supply reaches the top of the siphon tube can the siphon effect be formed. When the tidal soilless cultivation facility consists of at least two cultivation units connected in series, the siphons of the cultivation units other than the cultivation unit at the discharge end do not work, but directly discharge the supply liquid to the next cultivation unit through the connecting pipe 6.2 In the liquid supply tank 4.

A three-dimensional cultivation system made by adopting the tidal soilless cultivation facility. Tidal soilless cultivation facilities are placed on both sides of the "A"-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame. The tidal soilless cultivation facility includes a Cultivation unit.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The soilless cultivation facility of the present invention has a simple structure, no special requirements on the planting site, can provide a good growth environment for plant growth, greatly increase the planting and harvesting per unit land area, and can save the amount of substrate and nutrient solution. Efficient and practical tidal type Soilless cultivation facilities. The specific performance is:

The arc-shaped design of the "Ω"-shaped partition is not only conducive to the rapid and uniform delivery of the nutrient solution to the plant roots through capillary action, but also facilitates the discharge of excess water after the liquid supply is completed, and can increase the contact area between the substrate and the air. , increase the oxygen content in the substrate, and provide suitable water, fertilizer and air conditions for the growth of plants. And the two flat wings in the "Ω" type partition are conducive to the cleaning of the matrix after cultivation.

The soilless cultivation facility of the present invention is not only suitable for being directly placed on the ground and used alone, but also more suitable for being placed on an "A"-shaped cultivation frame and connected to form a system for three-dimensional cultivation, which meets the requirements of industrialized agricultural production. If the soilless cultivation facility of the present invention is placed on a special-purpose "A"-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame with a height of 1.5m and a bottom width of 1.55m, 5 rows can be placed on each side of the "A"-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame, and one cultivation Ten soilless cultivation facilities can be placed on the shelf, and the land utilization rate can reach 110%, while the general three-dimensional cultivation land utilization rate is between 90% and 100%, and the land utilization rate has increased by 10% to 22.2%.

The "U"-shaped siphon pipe, connecting pipe, liquid supply pipe, movable insert plate and "Ω"-shaped partition plate used in the present invention are all detachable and replaceable parts, which can be assembled flexibly in actual agricultural production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cultivation unit of a tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the liquid drainage tank head of the cultivation unit of the tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the "Ω"-shaped dividing plate of the cultivation tank of the tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention.

Among them: 1- cultivation tank, 2- "Ω" type partition, 3- steps, 4- liquid supply tank, 5- planting area, 6- liquid drainage tank head, 7- liquid supply pipe; 2.1- small hole, 6.1-"U"-shaped siphon, 6.2-communicating pipe, 6.3 movable plate.

Fig. 4 is a trend diagram of the number of leaves in the process of cultivating tetraploid dwarf pakchoi using the tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention and Lu SC of the same specification.

Fig. 5 is a graph showing the trend of plant height in the process of using the tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention and Lu SC of the same specification in the process of cultivating tetraploid dwarf pakchoi.

Fig. 6 is a trend diagram of the development degree in the process of using the tidal soilless cultivation facility of the present invention and Lu SC of the same specification in the process of cultivating tetraploid dwarf pakchoi.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 , a kind of tidal type soilless cultivation facility comprises a cultivation unit, and described cultivation unit comprises cultivation groove 1 and "Ω" type dividing plate 2; Described cultivation groove 1 includes an upper planting area 5 and a lower liquid supply tank 4, the lower end of the planting area 5 forms a step 3 inwardly and the upper end of the liquid supply tank 4 is fixed so that the cross section of the cultivation tank 1 is "T"shaped; The two ends of the liquid tank 4 are respectively provided with a liquid supply pipe 7 and a connecting pipe 6.2, and a liquid discharge tank head 6 is formed by a movable plate 6.3 on the side of the cultivation tank 1 near the connecting pipe 6.2. "U"-shaped siphon 6.1, one end of the "U"-shaped siphon 6.1 is connected to the communication pipe 6.2, and the other end is connected to the drain head 6, and the port located in the drain head 6 is connected to the bottom of the liquid supply tank 4 0.5cm apart, the top of the "U"-shaped siphon is 1cm higher than the top of the "Ω"-shaped partition 2; the arc-shaped area of the "Ω"-shaped partition 2 is provided with a number of holes 2.1 for water penetration, The "Ω" type partition plate 2 is placed on the step 3 of the cultivation tank 1 through its wings on both sides.

The hole 2.1 is a circular hole with a diameter of 5 mm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 1.5 cm. The cross-sections of the planting area 5 and the liquid supply tank 4 are all inverted trapezoids; the upper bottom of the planting area 5 is 22 cm wide, the lower bottom is 10 cm wide, and the height is 12 cm; the upper bottom of the liquid supply tank 4 is 7 cm wide and the lower bottom is 5 cm wide. , 4cm high.

After the substrate has been used many times, it needs to be cleaned out from the planting area. At this time, part of the substrate will be spilled from the agricultural root-resistant cloth onto the partition board. The two flat wings in the "Ω"-shaped partition board can further prevent the substrate from Fall into the liquid supply tank. The partition board is taken out when cleaning the substrate, if there is no spilled substrate on the partition board then it is not necessary to take out the partition board.

Application example

1. Material preparation

The experimental variety used for cultivation is the tetraploid Biajiaohuang of the cabbage research team of Professor Hou Xilin of Nanjing Agricultural University. The seedling raising substrate is the sowing and seedling raising substrate produced by Zhenjiang Peilei Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (total nutrient content (N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O): 2.0%-5.0%, organic matter content (dry basis): ≥20%), The substrate for cultivation is organic soil for cultivation produced by Zhenjiang Peilei Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (the content of organic matter is not less than 25%). The test site is the Pailou Experimental Base of Nanjing Agricultural University.

Tidal soilless cultivation facilities and Lu SC of the same specification (Xing Yuxian, Wang Xiufeng, Wang Xuejun, etc., "Lu SC-II" soilless cultivation system and benefit research [J], Chinese Vegetables, 1992 (S1): 24-29. ) are all made of PVC boards with a thickness of 3mm, and each is made of 8 pieces. The size of the tidal soilless cultivation facility is: the upper bottom of the planting area is 22cm wide, the lower bottom is 10cm wide, and the height is 12cm; the upper bottom of the liquid supply tank is 7cm wide, the lower bottom is 5cm wide, and 4cm high. The size of Lu SC with the same specification is: the width of the upper bottom of the planting area is 22cm, the width of the lower bottom is 11cm, and the height is 11cm; the width of the upper bottom of the liquid supply tank is 11cm, and the height is 11cm.

2. Test method

Disinfect the surface of the tetraploid bantamia seeds with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5-10 minutes, then treat them in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, then soak the seeds in warm water at 30°C for 8 hours, and then place them in a constant temperature box at 28°C Germination in medium, humidity 80%, keep dark until germination.

After the seeds germinate, select seeds that are plump and uniform in germination and sow them in 128-hole trays equipped with seedling raising substrates, one seed per hole. After the sowing is completed, the plug trays are placed in a well-lit greenhouse, and the water in the substrate is replenished from time to time to create an environment suitable for the growth of leafy vegetables.

Set up two treatments: tidal soilless cultivation facility treatment and Lu SC treatment. Before planting, put a layer of agricultural root-resistant cloth on each partition, and then spread the cultivation substrate evenly on the agricultural root-resistant cloth. When the leafy vegetable plants grow to 5 leaves, they are respectively planted in tidal soilless cultivation facilities and Lu SC. Each treatment has 8 replicates, arranged randomly in two rows, and two rows of quadruploids are planted in each cultivation tank. Dwarf yellow cabbage, plant 10 plants in each row, and the distance between plants is 10cm. Tidal irrigation was carried out for each treatment, and water was irrigated once a day. When the liquid level rose to a height of 3 cm from the bottom of the substrate, the nutrient solution was discharged from the cultivation facility through the siphon port to complete a liquid supply cycle.

After transplanting, measure the plant height and degree of expansion of pakchoi every other week, and record the number of leaves. Finally, the yield per plant of pakchoi was measured separately, namely the fresh weight and dry weight, and the chlorophyll content. Six plants were randomly selected in each cultivation tank for each sampling. Comprehensively analyze the cost, substrate dosage, nutrient solution dosage, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage between the tidal soilless cultivation facility and Lu SC in this example, and compare the cultivation effects of the tidal soilless cultivation facility accordingly.

3. Experimental results and analysis

Table 1 The comparison between tidal type soilless cultivation facilities of the present invention and Lu SC substrate consumption, nutrient solution consumption and consumables quantity

It can be seen from Table 1 that the tidal soilless cultivation facility in this embodiment saves 4.33%, 28.53% and 10.86% respectively compared with Lu SC of the same specification in terms of substrate consumption, nutrient solution consumption and production material consumption.

Table 2 The comparison of tidal type soilless culture facility of the present invention and Lu SC in the cultivation output of tetraploid bantamia pakchoi

Shown by table 2 , present embodiment tidal type soilless culture facility and traditional Lu SC have obvious difference aspect crop yield, in economic output, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant, fresh weight of underground part, dry weight of underground part etc. Aspects are 33.7%, 37.5%, 15.9%, 5.1%, 39.89% higher than Lu SC of the same specification.

Figure 4 , Figure 5 , and Figure 6 show that compared with the traditional Lu SC, the tidal soilless cultivation facilities in this embodiment have obvious advantages in growth indicators such as the number of leaves, plant height, and degree of development.

The above-mentioned implementation is only a description of the embodiment of the present invention, and does not define the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, any deformation and improvement made by other persons in the field to the design of the present invention shall be Fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A tidal type soilless cultivation facility is characterized in that comprising at least one cultivation unit, and said cultivation unit comprises a cultivation groove (1) and a "Ω" type dividing plate (2); said cultivation groove (1 ) comprises an upper planting area (5) and a lower liquid supply tank (4), the lower end of the planting area (5) forms a step (3) inwardly and the upper end of the liquid supply tank (4) is fixed so that the cultivation tank (1) The cross-section is "T"-shaped; the two ends of the liquid supply tank (4) are respectively provided with a liquid supply pipe (7) and a connecting pipe (6.2), which pass through the cultivation tank (1) near the connecting pipe (6.2) The movable plate (6.3) forms the liquid discharge tank head (6), and a "U"-shaped siphon (6.1) is provided at the end of the cultivation tank (1) near the connecting pipe (6.2), and the "U"-shaped siphon (6.1) One end of the connecting pipe (6.2) is connected, and the other end is connected to the drain head (6); the arc-shaped area of the "Ω" type partition (2) is provided with a number of holes (2.1 ), the "Ω" type partition plate (2) is placed on the step (3) of the cultivation tank (1) through the wings on both sides. 2. The tidal type soilless cultivation facility according to claim 1, characterized in that a circular hole (2.1) with a diameter of 5mm is evenly distributed on the arc portion of the "Ω" type partition (2), The distance between adjacent holes (2.1) is 1 cm. 3. The tidal soilless cultivation facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sections of the planting area (5) and the liquid supply tank (4) are inverted trapezoidal, and the overall cross-section of the cultivation tank (1) is The appearance is "T" shape. 4. The tidal type soilless cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein when the tidal type soilless cultivation facility is composed of at least two cultivation units, one of the cultivation units communicates with the adjacent cultivation unit through a connecting pipe (6.2). The liquid supply pipes (7) of the cultivation units are connected so that adjacent cultivation units are connected in series. 5. The tidal type soilless cultivation facility according to claim 1, characterized in that said movable plate (6.3) is a detachable plate; said tidal type soilless cultivation facility consists of at least two cultivation units When forming in series, remove the movable inserts (6.3) in other cultivation units other than the cultivation unit at the discharge end. 6. The tidal soilless cultivation facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the "U"-shaped siphon (6.1) leads into the port of the drain head (6) and the bottom of the liquid supply tank (4) 0.5cm apart; the top of the "U"-shaped siphon (6.1) is 1cm higher than the top of the "Ω"-shaped partition (2).