CN110050682B - Tide type soilless culture facility and cultivation system - Google Patents
Tide type soilless culture facility and cultivation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110050682B CN110050682B CN201910377011.4A CN201910377011A CN110050682B CN 110050682 B CN110050682 B CN 110050682B CN 201910377011 A CN201910377011 A CN 201910377011A CN 110050682 B CN110050682 B CN 110050682B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940113601 irrigation solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tidal soilless culture facility, which comprises a semi-cylindrical culture tank, wherein two ends of the culture tank are sealed, a movable plugboard is arranged in the culture tank to divide the culture tank into a liquid discharge tank head and a culture area, and an omega-shaped separation net sheet is arranged in the culture area to divide the culture tank into an upper planting area and a lower nutrient solution area; a U-shaped siphon pipe is arranged in the liquid discharge groove head, the port of the siphon pipe which is led into the liquid discharge groove head is not contacted with the bottom of the cultivation groove, and the top of the siphon pipe is higher than the top end of the separation net piece; a liquid supply pipe is arranged at the head end of the liquid discharge groove. The cultivation facility has simple structure, increases the crop yield in unit area, improves the land utilization rate, and saves the matrix and nutrient solution. The invention also discloses a tidal soilless culture system, which comprises at least one A-shaped three-dimensional culture frame, wherein the tidal soilless culture facilities are arranged on brackets of the culture frame, so that good illumination conditions are provided for crops, and the crops on the same culture frame and the same side at different heights are illuminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture, relates to a tidal soilless culture facility and a cultivation system, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional tidal soilless culture facility and a cultivation system suitable for vegetables, strawberries and the like.
Background
Tidal irrigation is one of the bottom irrigation forms, irrigation water or nutrient solution flows into a cultivation pool or a planting bed through a water inlet during operation, the specific liquid level and the maintenance time are determined according to cultivation matrixes, plant types and growth and development stages thereof, the liquid level is maintained for 5-10 minutes after the liquid level reaches 4-6cm, the irrigation solution is filtered and sterilized through a water outlet after the water holding capacity of the matrixes is saturated, and the irrigation solution returns to a liquid storage tank through a water outlet, so that the whole process is similar to tidal water fluctuation in two stages, namely tidal water fluctuation.
Tidal soilless culture has earlier developed and matured abroad. The tidal irrigation is mainly in the form of seedbed and ground in soilless culture facilities, and is mainly used for vegetable seedling and potted flower production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems, and provides a high-efficiency practical tidal soilless culture facility and a tidal soilless culture system, which have simple structures, have no special requirements on planting areas, can provide good growth environments for plant growth, greatly improve the planting amount and the harvesting amount of unit land area, and can save the consumption of matrixes and nutrient solution.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
A tidal soilless culture facility comprises a semi-cylindrical culture tank 1, wherein two ends of the culture tank 1 are sealed, a movable plugboard 31 is arranged in the culture tank 1 to divide the culture tank into a liquid discharge tank head 3 and a culture area, an omega-shaped separation net sheet 2 is placed in the culture area to divide the culture tank 1 into an upper planting area and a lower nutrient solution area, the planting area is used for containing culture medium, and the nutrient solution area is used for containing nutrient solution and air; the U-shaped siphon tube 32 is arranged in the liquid discharge groove head 3, the port of the U-shaped siphon tube 32, which is communicated with the liquid discharge groove head, is not contacted with the bottom of the cultivation groove 1, and the top 32 of the U-shaped siphon tube is higher than the top of the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2; a liquid supply pipe 4 is arranged at the end of the liquid discharge groove head 3.
The omega-shaped separation net piece 2 consists of a semicircular net piece and horizontal wing wings at two sides of the semicircular net piece; the diameter ratio of the semicircular net piece to the cultivation groove 1 is 8:25.
Square holes for water permeation are uniformly distributed in the omega-shaped separation net piece 2, and the opening rate is 95%; the square holes are square holes with the length of 5mm multiplied by 5mm.
An agricultural non-woven fabric is paved on the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2, and a cultivation substrate is filled on the agricultural non-woven fabric. The culture medium is vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the vermiculite to the perlite is=2:1. The culture medium can be added with fertilizer, and the nutrients required by plant growth are ensured from the two aspects of the medium and the nutrient solution.
The movable plugboard 31 is not sealed with the bottom of the cultivation groove, so that the nutrient solution can freely flow in the cultivation groove; preferably, the lower bottom edge of the movable plugboard 31 is in the same horizontal plane with the wing of the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2.
The length of the liquid discharge groove head 3 is 5-6% of the length of the cultivation groove 1, the liquid discharge groove head is used together for liquid discharge, the length of the liquid discharge groove head meets the space requirements of siphon liquid discharge and liquid inlet, the area of a cultivation area is ensured as much as possible, meanwhile, the liquid discharge groove head 3 is also used for observing the condition of nutrient solution in the cultivation groove,
The liquid supply pipe 4 is suspended above the liquid discharge tank head, extends into the liquid discharge tank head 3 from the upper part of the liquid discharge tank head, and the liquid inlet and the liquid discharge of the tidal soilless culture facility are arranged on the same side, so that the mode of liquid inlet and liquid discharge at one end in the past is changed, connection pipes are not required to be opened at two ends of the culture tank, the process is simplified, and meanwhile, the stress balance of the culture tank can be maintained.
The height of the top of the U-shaped siphon directly determines the liquid supply height, and the siphon effect can be formed only when the liquid supply amount is diffused to the top end of the siphon, and the water amount required by the growth of plants can be achieved by the culture medium by taking the fact that a certain liquid supply height is required to be maintained into consideration. The siphon pipe port which is led into the liquid discharge groove head is 0.5cm away from the bottom of the cultivation groove, and the siphon effect can be realized only when a certain distance is kept. Therefore, the port of the U-shaped siphon tube 32 which is led into the liquid discharge groove head is 0.5cm higher than the bottom of the cultivation groove 1, the top of the U-shaped siphon tube 32 is 1cm higher than the top end of the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2, and the liquid outlet port of the U-shaped siphon tube 32 is at least 35cm lower than the liquid inlet port, preferably 35 cm-40 cm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tidal soilless culture system, comprising at least one a-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame, wherein the a-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame comprises an a-shaped bracket formed by inclined supports 5, and the a-shaped bracket is provided with at least one cross beam 6; at least two A-shaped brackets are connected into an A-shaped cultivation frame through longitudinal beams 7; 4 layers of brackets 8 are transversely arranged on 2 inclined supports of the A-shaped bracket, the tidal soilless culture facility is arranged on the brackets 8 along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation frame, and the movable guardrails 9 are arranged on the brackets 8 to limit the tidal soilless culture facility.
Preferably, each A-shaped bracket is provided with at least 2 cross beams 6; the distance between the upper and lower adjacent cross beams in the vertical direction is 64+/-2 cm. Each side inclined support of the at least two A-shaped brackets is connected into an A-shaped cultivation frame through at least 2 longitudinal beams 7; the distance between the upper and lower adjacent longitudinal beams in the vertical direction is 64+/-2 cm.
Preferably, the number of the A-shaped brackets is two.
The height of the tidal soilless culture facility is 12.5cm, and considering that the normal plant height of leaf vegetables is 20cm, in order to ensure that crops on the same cultivation frame and the same side at different heights are illuminated, the distance between two adjacent layers of brackets 8 in the vertical direction is 32+/-2 cm, and the distance between the lower layer of brackets and the upper layer of brackets is 14.5+/-2 cm outside the upper layer of brackets (namely, the distance between the lower layer of brackets and the upper layer of brackets in the horizontal direction is calculated by the connection point of the brackets and the inclined support).
Preferably, in the a-shaped bracket, two inclined supports 5 are connected through screws, and two ends of a cross beam 6 are fixed on the inclined supports 5 through screws. The inclined support of the A-shaped bracket is connected with the longitudinal beam 7 through screws. The bracket 8 is fixed on the inclined support 5 by screws or welding.
Preferably, a positioning screw is arranged at the bottom end of the guardrail 9, a rectangular hole or a plurality of positioning holes through which the screw can pass are arranged on the bracket 8, the positioning screw passes through the rectangular hole of the bracket to enable the guardrail to horizontally move and be fixed by a nut so that the cultivation groove is stably arranged on the cultivation frame, or the positioning screw passes through the positioning hole of the bracket and is fixed by the nut.
The transverse span D of the A-shaped cultivation frame (the horizontal distance between the bottom ends of the two inclined supports of the A-shaped bracket), the longitudinal span (the distance between the two A-shaped brackets at the outermost side of the cultivation frame) and the bracket layer spacing are determined according to the latitude of the area where the cultivation frame is used, the solar altitude angle and the crop height.
The cultivation frame not only bears the loads of cultivation facilities, matrixes, nutrient solution, crops and the like, but also has the fixing and supporting functions on the tidal soilless cultivation facilities, and provides good illumination conditions for the crops. In order to make crops on the same cultivation frame and the same side at different heights have illumination, whether the crops at the bottom layer of the cultivation frame have illumination when the solar elevation angle of the summer to the sun is maximum needs to be considered. The minimum height angle from winter to day determines the minimum distance between two adjacent rows of cultivation frames. The calculation formula of the solar altitude angle is as follows:
northern hemisphere winter to solar noon solar altitude An 1:
An1＝90°-(B0+B1) (1)
the northern hemisphere summer solstice noon solar altitude angle An 2:
An2＝90°-(B0-B1) (2)
Wherein B 0 is the latitude of the return line of North China 23 DEG 26', and B 1 is the latitude of the place where the cultivation frame is located.
The included angle at the top of the A-shaped bracket determines the basic configuration of the A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame, so that the included angle alpha at the top of the A-shaped bracket can be determined according to the calculated solar altitude angle in the summer to the noon in the region where the A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame is used:
the height of the cultivation frame is H (unit is m):
H＝0.3tanAn2 (4)
Cultivation frame transverse span D (unit m):
spacing S (unit is m) between two adjacent rows of cultivation frames:
The tidal soilless culture system is also matched with a nutrient solution supply and discharge system, the nutrient solution supply and discharge system comprises a nutrient solution pond 12 and a liquid return pond 10, a nutrient solution outlet of the nutrient solution pond 12 is provided with a liquid supply main pipe 13, and the liquid supply main pipe 13 sends nutrient solution into liquid discharge groove heads of all tidal soilless culture facilities through a liquid supply pipe 4; the U-shaped siphon pipe of each tide type soilless culture facility is connected with a liquid drain main pipe 20 through a liquid drain pipe 19, the liquid drain main pipe 20 is connected with the liquid return pond 10 so that nutrient solution in the culture tank returns to the liquid return pond, and a filter 21 is arranged on the liquid drain main pipe 20; the liquid return tank 10 is communicated with the nutrient solution tank 12 through a circulating pipeline 22 to realize the recycling of the nutrient solution, the sterilizer 11 is arranged on the circulating pipeline 22, and the recycled liquid in the liquid return tank is sterilized and reused, so that germs are prevented from being transmitted through the nutrient solution.
Preferably, the nutrient solution pond is provided with a nutrient solution preparation system, which comprises a clear water pipe 18 and a feeding pipe, wherein a liquid level floating ball controller is arranged in the nutrient solution pond 12, an electromagnetic valve 16 is arranged on the clear water pipe 18, and the liquid level floating ball controller regulates and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 16 to control water inflow.
Specifically, the liquid level floating ball controller and the electromagnetic valve 16 cooperate to control water inflow, when the water level of the nutrient solution tank 12 is lower than the set height (the set height is 9/10 of the height of the nutrient solution tank), the liquid level floating ball controller senses, controls the electromagnetic valve 16 to open, automatically feeds water, and simultaneously inputs the elements required by the nutrient solution from the feeding pipe.
Preferably, a clear water switch 17 is arranged on the clear water pipe 18, and if a nutrient solution tank needs to be cleaned, the clear water switch 17 is closed.
Preferably, a water pump 15 is arranged on the liquid supply main pipe 13; a liquid supply switch is arranged on the liquid supply pipe 4; a liquid discharge switch is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe; and the liquid supply main pipe and the liquid discharge main pipe are respectively provided with a switch. The switches adopted by the invention are all ball valve switches. The switch can be adjusted according to the conditions of each cultivation groove and is used independently.
Preferably, a branch is arranged at the outlet end of the water pump positioned at the liquid supply main pipe 13 and used as a waste liquid pipe 14, a waste liquid switch is arranged on the waste liquid pipe, a nutrient solution pool is observed regularly, when pollution occurs, the liquid supply switch is closed, the waste liquid switch is opened, the water pump 15 is opened, waste liquid is discharged, and the nutrient solution pool is cleaned.
The water pump, the liquid level floating ball controller and the electromagnetic valve in the nutrient solution supply and discharge system are controlled by an electric box, and are well known techniques for those skilled in the art.
The filter 21 is a net filter, and can be an agricultural irrigation net filter; the sterilizer 11 is an ozone sterilizer.
The cultivation groove, the movable plugboard, the liquid supply main pipe, the liquid supply pipe, the liquid discharge pipe and the liquid discharge main pipe are all made of PVC materials, so that the cultivation groove, the movable plugboard, the liquid supply main pipe, the liquid discharge pipe and the liquid discharge main pipe are good in tensile strength and compressive strength, and long in service life; the special water-feeding glue is used for bonding, so that the water-tightness is good; the smooth wall has small resistance to nutrient solution and other fluids.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The cultivation facility has simple structure, convenient material taking, simple manufacturing process and convenient disassembly and assembly, can adjust the scale according to the actual production requirement, and is suitable for soilless cultivation production of small and medium-sized melons, fruits, vegetables and the like. The cultivation groove can be obtained by processing the PVC round tube, stable conditions are provided for plant growth, the crop yield per unit area is increased, the land utilization rate is improved, and the matrix and nutrient solution are saved; the cultivation groove is provided with a separation net sheet and an agricultural non-woven fabric, so that plant roots are in a proper solid, liquid and gas three-phase balanced environment, and plants grow well; the liquid is automatically discharged through siphoning, so that bacteria breeding is avoided; the cultivation system disinfects and sterilizes the recovery liquid through the disinfection and sterilization system and recycles after filtering, avoids germ to spread through the nutrient solution, and improves the land utilization rate through combining the three-dimensional cultivation frame planting.
The tidal soilless culture system is formed by arranging the tidal soilless culture device on the A-shaped three-dimensional culture frame, the culture space in the vertical direction is fully utilized, the crop yield in unit area is increased, the land utilization rate is improved, and the efficient intensive and reasonable application of the tidal soilless culture device is realized; the cultivation frame not only plays a role in fixing and supporting, but also can bear loads of cultivation facilities, matrixes, nutrient solution, crops and the like, and provides good illumination conditions for the crops, so that the crops on the same cultivation frame and the same side at different heights are illuminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a tidal soilless culture tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid discharge tank head of the tidal soilless culture tank of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the tidal soilless culture system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the FIG. 4"A" style of calligraphy stereoscopic cultivation stand;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the nutrient solution supply and discharge system of the tidal soilless culture system;
In the figure, a 1-cultivation tank, a 2- 'omega' -shaped separation net sheet, a 3-liquid discharge tank head, a 31-movable plugboard, a 32- 'U' -shaped siphon pipe and a 4-liquid supply pipe; 5-inclined support, 6-cross beam, 7-longitudinal beam, 8-bracket, 9-guardrail, 10-liquid return tank, 11-sterilizer, 12-nutrient solution tank, 13-liquid supply main pipe, 14-waste liquid pipe, 15-water pump, 16-electromagnetic valve, 17-clear water switch, 18-clear water pipe, 19-liquid discharge pipe, 20-liquid discharge main pipe, 21-filter and 22-circulating pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a tidal soilless culture facility comprises a semi-cylindrical culture tank 1, wherein two ends of the culture tank 1 are sealed by side plates, a movable plugboard 31 is arranged in the culture tank 1, the culture tank is divided into a liquid discharge tank head 3 (a region formed by the movable plugboard 31 and the side plate which is close to the movable plugboard 31) and a culture region (a region formed by the movable plugboard 31 and the other side plate), an omega-shaped separation net sheet 2 uniformly distributed with square holes is placed in the culture region, the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2 consists of semicircular net sheets and wing fins on two sides of the semicircular net sheets, the separation net sheet 2 is supported in the culture tank by the wing fins, the culture tank 1 is divided into an upper culture region and a lower nutrient solution region, the culture region is used for accommodating culture substrates, and the nutrient solution region is used for accommodating nutrient solution and air; the U-shaped siphon tube 32 is arranged in the liquid discharge groove head 3, the port of the U-shaped siphon tube 32, which is communicated with the liquid discharge groove head, is 0.5cm higher than the bottom of the cultivation groove 1, the top 32 of the U-shaped siphon tube is 1cm higher than the top end of the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2, and the liquid outlet port of the U-shaped siphon tube (32) is 35cm lower than the liquid inlet port; a liquid supply pipe 4 is suspended above the end of the liquid discharge groove head 3, and the water outlet end of the liquid supply pipe 4 extends into the liquid discharge groove head.
The movable plugboard 31 is formed by horizontally cutting the top of a semicircular plate with the radius of 125mm along the diameter, the movable plugboard 31 is detachably inserted into the cultivation groove, the lower bottom edge of the movable plugboard 31 and the wing of the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the nutrient solution at the lower part can flow freely.
Specifically, the cultivation tank 1 is a semicircular cultivation tank formed by dividing a PVC water pipe, the cultivation tank 1 is 1200mm long, 250mm wide, 125mm high and 4mm thick, and the total volume of the cultivation tank is 29.45L; liquid discharge groove head: 70mm long, 250mm wide and 125mm high.
The "Ω" shaped separator sheet 2 had an opening ratio of 95% and square holes of 5mm×5mm. The radius of the semicircular mesh of the omega-shaped separation mesh 2 is 40mm, and the wing width is 35mm.
An agricultural non-woven fabric is paved on the omega-shaped separation net sheet 2, a planting area is filled with a cultivation substrate, the cultivation substrate is vermiculite, perlite=2:1 (V/V), the substrate and the non-woven fabric are required to be cleaned regularly, and the non-woven fabric and the substrate can be replaced together.
The diameter of the U-shaped siphon tube 32 is 25mm, and the U-shaped siphon tube can be assembled and disassembled according to the requirement.
Compared with the tidal soilless culture facility in the concrete implementation mode of the Chinese patent application CN105830904A, the embodiment improves the shape of the culture tank, increases the contact area of the nutrient solution and the matrix by 700cm 2 in the culture tank with the length of 1 meter, and is beneficial to the rapid and uniform delivery of the nutrient solution to the plant roots through the capillary action; when the nutrient solution area is completely discharged, a cavity is formed, so that the contact area of the root system of the crop and oxygen is increased; thereby providing proper water, fertilizer and gas conditions for the growth of crops and improving the yield of crops in unit area.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the tidal soilless culture system comprises 2A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frames, wherein each A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame comprises an A-shaped bracket formed by inclined supports 5, and the A-shaped bracket is provided with 2 cross beams 6; the two A-shaped brackets are connected into an A-shaped cultivation frame through 2 longitudinal beams 7; the 2 inclined supports of the A-shaped support are transversely provided with 4 layers of brackets 8, a first layer of brackets, a second layer of brackets, a third layer of brackets and a fourth layer of brackets are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the tidal soilless culture facility of the embodiment 1 is longitudinally arranged on the brackets 8 along the cultivation frame, and the frame support 8 is provided with movable guardrails 9 for limiting the tidal soilless culture facility.
The tide type soilless culture system is also matched with a nutrient solution supply and discharge system, as shown in fig. 6, and the nutrient solution supply and discharge system comprises a nutrient solution pond 12 and a liquid return pond 10; the nutrient solution pool is provided with a nutrient solution preparation system, which comprises a clear water pipe 19 and a feeding pipe, wherein a liquid level floating ball controller 18 is arranged in the nutrient solution pool 12, an electromagnetic valve 16 and a clear water switch 17 are arranged on the clear water pipe 19, the liquid level floating ball controller 18 regulates and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 16 to control water inflow, and meanwhile, elements required by nutrient solution are fed from the feeding pipe to complete nutrient solution preparation; the nutrient solution outlet of the nutrient solution pond 12 is provided with a liquid supply main pipe 13, and the liquid supply main pipe 13 is provided with a water pump 15; the liquid supply main pipe 13 sends nutrient solution into the liquid discharge groove heads of each tide type soilless culture facility through the liquid supply pipe 4, and a liquid supply switch is arranged on the liquid supply pipe 4; the U-shaped siphon pipe of each tide type soilless culture facility is connected with a liquid drain main pipe 20 through a liquid drain pipe 19, the liquid drain main pipe 20 is connected with the liquid return pond 10 so that nutrient solution in the culture tank returns to the liquid return pond, and a filter 21 is arranged on the liquid drain main pipe 20; the liquid return tank 10 is communicated with the nutrient solution tank 12 through a circulating pipeline 22 to realize the recycling of the nutrient solution, a sterilizer 11 is arranged on the circulating pipeline 22, and the recycled liquid in the liquid return tank is sterilized and reused to avoid the transmission of germs through the nutrient solution; a branch is arranged at the outlet end of the water pump 15 of the liquid supply main pipe 13 and is used as a waste liquid pipe 14, and a waste liquid switch is arranged on the waste liquid pipe.
Specifically, the filter 21 is an agricultural irrigation net filter; the sterilizer 11 is an ozone sterilizer.
The inclined support, the cross beam, the longitudinal beam, the bracket and the guard rail are assembled by hot rolling equilateral steel with the model of 30 multiplied by 3, the two right-angle side lengths of the equilateral steel are 30mm, and the thickness of the steel plate is 3mm.
The bottom of the guardrail 9 is provided with a set screw, the vertical right-angle edge of the bracket 8 is provided with a rectangular hole through which the screw can pass, the set screw passes through the rectangular hole of the bracket to enable the guardrail to realize horizontal movement, and the set screw is fixed by a nut to enable the cultivation groove to be firmly arranged on the cultivation frame.
For convenient assembly and disassembly, all the connecting points are connected by screws with the specification of M5.
The cultivation frame can be used in Nanjing. The calculation formula of the solar altitude angle is as follows:
northern hemisphere winter to noon solar altitude:
An1＝90°-(B0+B1) (1)
Northern hemisphere summer solstice noon solar altitude:
An2＝90°-(B0-B1) (2)
wherein An is the solar altitude angle, B 0 is the North Return line latitude 23 DEG 26', and B 1 is the Nanjing city latitude 32 DEG 02'.
The winter sun altitude angle An 1 and summer sun altitude angle An 2 in the Nanjing area are calculated to be 34 degrees 32 degrees and 81 degrees 26' respectively.
According to the solar altitude in the midday of the summer of NSCD cultivation rack areas, determining the top included angle alpha of the A-shaped bracket:
the height of the tidal soilless culture facility is 16cm, and considering that the normal plant height of leaf vegetables is 20cm, the layer spacing of the bracket of the culture rack is designed to be 32cm, and the outward offset of each layer is 14.5cm.
The overall height of the cultivation frame is H (unit is m):
H＝0.3tanAn2 (4)
cultivation rack span D (unit m):
The calculation shows that the included angle alpha at the top of the A-shaped bracket is 48 degrees, the height H of the cultivation frame is 122.0cm, the transverse span D of the cultivation frame is 110.5cm, the longitudinal span is 60.0cm, and 4 layers of brackets are all arranged.
The spacing S (unit is m) between two adjacent rows of cultivation frames is as follows:
The minimum spacing between adjacent rows of cultivation shelves was determined to be 122cm.
By adopting the cultivation frame of the embodiment, compared with planar cultivation, the land utilization rate is improved by 148.2%.
Specifically, the liquid level floating ball controller and the electromagnetic valve 16 cooperate to control water inflow, when the water level of the nutrient solution tank 12 is lower than the set height (the set height is 9/10 of the height of the nutrient solution tank, and the height of the nutrient solution tank is 2.0 m), the liquid level floating ball controller senses, controls the electromagnetic valve 16 to open, and automatically feeds water.
The liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the liquid discharge groove head of the tidal soilless culture facility, the nutrient solution flows to the nutrient solution area, the nutrient solution is contacted with the non-woven fabric when rising to the bottom of the omega-shaped separation net sheet, the non-woven fabric is penetrated, the matrix absorbs water from top to bottom by virtue of capillary action, siphoning is formed when the liquid supply amount is diffused to the top end of the U-shaped siphon, the nutrient solution is discharged, the nutrient solution flows to the liquid return tank through the liquid discharge pipe and the liquid discharge main pipe, and the recycled liquid in the liquid return tank is sterilized by the sterilizer and returned to the nutrient solution tank for recycling, so that bacteria are prevented from being transmitted through the nutrient solution. To ensure a high water content in the matrix, the time from the start of the liquid supply to the siphon action must not be less than 5 minutes. When the nutrient solution is discharged, the nutrient solution area forms air, and the plant root system obtains the needed oxygen, so that the plant root system is in a proper environment with balanced solid, liquid and gas phases.
When the cultivation substrate is added with fertilizer such as organic fertilizer, etc., the plant growth needs to be satisfied, the nutrient solution is not needed to be prepared, and the plant can be irrigated by clear water.
The 4-fold body petiolus yellow of the Chinese cabbage scientific research team is taught by the university Hou Xilin of Nanjing agriculture as a test variety. The test site is a building experiment base of Nanjing agricultural university. By adopting the seedling raising method of the application embodiment of the Chinese patent application CN105830904A, when the seedlings grow to 5 leaves, the seedlings are planted in the cultivation grooves (treatment groups) of the tidal soilless culture system of the embodiment, two rows of 4-fold body short-foot yellow cabbages are planted in each cultivation groove, and each row is planted with 10 plants at a plant spacing of 10cm. The cultivation system of the tidal soilless cultivation facility with CN105830904A is used as a control group. And (3) carrying out tidal irrigation on the two treatments, irrigating the nutrient solution (the formulation of the Japanese mountain and the Japanese lettuce) once every day, and discharging the nutrient solution from the cultivation facility through a siphon port when the liquid level rises to the top end of the U-shaped siphon pipe, so as to complete one liquid supply period. The statistical yield on the 35 th day after cultivation is increased by 9% compared with the control group.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains should fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The tidal soilless culture facility is characterized by comprising a semi-cylindrical culture tank (1), wherein two ends of the culture tank (1) are sealed, a movable plugboard (31) is arranged in the culture tank (1) to divide the culture tank into a liquid discharge tank head (3) and a culture area, and the length of the liquid discharge tank head is 5% -6% of that of the culture tank; placing an omega-shaped separation net sheet (2) in the cultivation area to separate the cultivation tank (1) into an upper cultivation area and a lower nutrient solution area; the omega-shaped separation net piece (2) consists of a semicircular net piece and wing wings at two sides of the semicircular net piece; square holes are uniformly distributed on the omega-shaped separation net piece (2); the diameter ratio of the semicircular net piece to the cultivation groove is 8:25; a U-shaped siphon pipe (32) is arranged in the liquid discharge groove head (3), the port of the U-shaped siphon pipe (32) which is led into the liquid discharge groove head is not contacted with the bottom of the cultivation groove (1), and the top of the U-shaped siphon pipe (32) is higher than the top of the omega-shaped separation net sheet (2); the end of the liquid discharge groove head (3) is provided with a liquid supply pipe (4), the liquid supply pipe (4) is arranged above the liquid discharge groove head, and extends into the liquid discharge groove head (3) from the upper part of the liquid discharge groove head.
2. A tidal soilless culture facility according to claim 1, wherein the movable plugboard (31) is not sealed with the bottom of the culture tank so that the nutrient solution can flow freely in the culture tank.
3. The tidal soilless culture facility according to claim 1, wherein the port of the U-shaped siphon tube (32) which is communicated with the liquid discharge groove head is 0.5cm higher than the bottom of the cultivation groove, the top of the U-shaped siphon tube (32) is 1cm higher than the top of the omega-shaped separation net sheet, and the liquid outlet port of the U-shaped siphon tube (32) is at least 35cm lower than the liquid inlet port.
4. The tide type soilless culture system is characterized by comprising at least one A-shaped three-dimensional culture frame, wherein the A-shaped three-dimensional culture frame comprises an A-shaped bracket formed by inclined supports (5), and the A-shaped bracket is provided with at least one cross beam (6); at least two A-shaped brackets are connected into an A-shaped cultivation frame through longitudinal beams (7); 4 layers of brackets (8) are transversely arranged on 2 inclined supports of the A-shaped bracket, the distance between two adjacent layers of brackets in the vertical direction is 32+/-2 cm, the lower layer of brackets are outwards offset by 14.5+/-2 cm than the upper layer of brackets, the tidal soilless culture facility of claim 1 is longitudinally arranged on the brackets (8) along the cultivation frame, and the brackets (8) are provided with movable guardrails (9); the included angle alpha at the top of the A-shaped bracket is as follows:
wherein An 2 is the northern hemisphere summer to noon solar altitude:
An2＝90°-(B0-B1)；
wherein B 0 is the latitude of the return line of North China 23 DEG 26', and B 1 is the latitude of the place where the cultivation frame is located;
height H of the A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame:
H＝0.3tan An2；
Transverse span D of A-shaped three-dimensional cultivation frame:
5. The tidal soilless culture system according to claim 4, wherein the tidal soilless culture system is also matched with a nutrient solution supply and discharge system, and the nutrient solution supply and discharge system comprises a nutrient solution pond (12) and a liquid return pond (10); the nutrient solution outlet of the nutrient solution pond (12) is provided with a liquid supply main pipe (13), and the liquid supply main pipe (13) sends nutrient solution into the liquid discharge groove heads of all tide type soilless culture facilities through a liquid supply pipe (4); the U-shaped siphon pipe of each tidal soilless culture facility is connected with a liquid drain main pipe (20) through a liquid drain pipe (19), the liquid drain main pipe (20) is connected with the liquid return tank (10) so that nutrient solution in the culture tank returns to the liquid return tank, and a filter (21) is arranged on the liquid drain main pipe (20); the liquid return tank (10) is communicated with the nutrient solution tank (12) through a circulating pipeline (22) to realize the recycling of the nutrient solution, and a sterilizer (11) is arranged on the circulating pipeline (22).
6. The tidal soilless culture system of claim 5, wherein the nutrient solution pond is provided with a nutrient solution preparation system, the nutrient solution preparation system comprises a clear water pipe (18) and a feeding pipe, a liquid level floating ball controller is arranged in the nutrient solution pond (12), an electromagnetic valve (16) is arranged on the clear water pipe (18), and the liquid level floating ball controller regulates and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve (16) to control water inflow.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014182600A1 (en) * | 2013-05-05 | 2014-11-13 | Faris Sadeg M | Soil-less indoor farming for food and energy production, including high density three dimensional multi-layer farming, permeable three dimensional multi-layer farming and continuous flow farming of material products |
| CN105830904A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-10 | 南京农业大学 | Tidal soilless cultivation equipment |
| CN210726303U (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-06-12 | 南京农业大学 | Tide type soilless culture facility and culture system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014182600A1 (en) * | 2013-05-05 | 2014-11-13 | Faris Sadeg M | Soil-less indoor farming for food and energy production, including high density three dimensional multi-layer farming, permeable three dimensional multi-layer farming and continuous flow farming of material products |
| CN105830904A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-10 | 南京农业大学 | Tidal soilless cultivation equipment |
| CN210726303U (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-06-12 | 南京农业大学 | Tide type soilless culture facility and culture system |
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