CN105816528B - 改善了口感的小儿解表颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及改善了口感的小儿解表颗粒及其制备方法,小儿解表颗粒由金银花、连翘、牛蒡子(炒)、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、紫苏叶、荆芥穗、葛根、人工牛黄十种中药制成,效果明显,但是因为产品的口感不好,导致临床患者儿童的接受困难,本发明通过改善小儿解表颗粒制备的配方,加入酸味剂、甜味剂和巧克力香精或其他香精等方法制备出两种新口感,并筛选出更适合的口感。筛选出的新配方在保持原有疗效的情况下,口感更好,儿童依从性更高。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及中药药品制剂领域,特别涉及小儿解表颗粒口感改善的工艺和方法。
技术背景
目前,中国大约有2.2亿儿童,据统计,中国儿童平均每年感冒3次/人,每年儿童感冒人次达6.6亿以上,可见儿童感冒药市场庞大。随着2016年二孩开放,未来几年,儿童的数量将达到新高,婴幼医药市场尤其感冒药市场将前所未有的扩大。因此,开发和升级集团所拥有的儿童感冒用药符合市场大趋势。
小儿解表颗粒由金银花、连翘、牛蒡子(炒)、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、紫苏叶、荆芥穗、葛根、人工牛黄十种中药制成,由于组方科学合理、疗效确切、对小儿作用安全,工艺独特,所以具有很大临床价值。但由于该产品的中药组分味道较苦,受患儿服药依从性差的因素,此品种的应用价值大大受限,在保持小儿解表颗粒原有疗效的前提下,实现“良药不苦”,十分必要和迫切。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为筛选出更适合并疗效相当的小儿解表颗粒口味,在实验数据支撑的情况下,研发出新口味,以增加患儿服药依从性。
本发明提供一种改善了口感的小儿解表颗粒,其颗粒的辅料包含:蔗糖、淀粉、柠檬酸。
进一步,颗粒中增加巧克力香精或甜橙香精,优选为巧克力香精。
进一步,颗粒中巧克力香精的用量为总辅料量的0.196%-0.392%,优选为0.294%。
进一步的方案,颗粒中三氯蔗糖的用量为总辅料量的0.2%-0.4%,优选为0.2%。
进一步的方案,颗粒中酸味剂的用量为总辅料量的1%-3%,优选为1.5%。
本发明提供一种小儿解表颗粒,颗粒辅料中的三氯蔗糖的用量为总辅料量的0.2%-0.4%,柠檬酸用量为总辅料量的1%-3%,香精的用量为总辅料量的0.196%-0.392%。
本发明提供一种小儿解表颗粒,其颗粒辅料中的三氯蔗糖的用量为总辅料量的0.2%,柠檬酸用量为总辅料量的1.5%,香精的用量为总辅料量的0.294%。
本发明提供小儿解表颗粒的一个制备方法包括如下步骤:a. 金银花300g、连翘250g、炒牛蒡子250g、蒲公英300g、黄芩300g、防风150g、紫苏叶150g、荆芥穗100g、葛根150g、人工牛黄 1g以上十味,连翘、紫苏叶、荆芥穗提取挥发油,蒸馏后水溶液另器收集;金银花、炒牛蒡子、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、葛根加水煎煮二次,滤过,滤液与上述水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为在50℃测为1.32-1.35的稠膏500克左右备用;
b.取蔗糖粉400份,糊精100份,三氯蔗糖1份,柠檬酸7.5份,与少量人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入步骤a制备的稠膏100份,加入适量乙醇混合制成软材,筛网制粒,干燥,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
本发明也提供一种小儿解表颗粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:a. 金银花300g、连翘250g、炒牛蒡子250g、蒲公英300g、黄芩300g、防风150g、紫苏叶150g、荆芥穗100g、葛根150g、人工牛黄 1g以上十味,连翘、紫苏叶、荆芥穗提取挥发油,蒸馏后水溶液另器收集;金银花、炒牛蒡子、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、葛根加水煎煮二次,第一次2.5小时,第二次1.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为在50℃测为1.32~1.35的稠膏500克左右备用;
b.取蔗糖粉400份,糊精100份,三氯蔗糖1份,柠檬酸7.5份,巧克力粉末香精1.5份与少量人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入步骤a制备的稠膏100份,加入适量乙醇混合制成软材,筛网制粒,干燥,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
本发明同时提供一种更优化的小儿解表颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤:a. 金银花300g、连翘250g、炒牛蒡子250g、蒲公英300g、黄芩300g、防风150g、紫苏叶150g、荆芥穗100g、葛根150g、人工牛黄 1g以上十味,连翘、紫苏叶、荆芥穗提取挥发油,蒸馏后水溶液另器收集;金银花、炒牛蒡子、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、葛根加水煎煮二次,第一次2.5小时,第二次1.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为在50℃测为1.32~1.35的稠膏500克左右备用;
b.取蔗糖粉400份,糊精100份,三氯蔗糖1份,柠檬酸7.5份,巧克力粉末香精1.5份与少量人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入步骤a制备的稠膏100份,加入适量乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
具体实施方式
以下实验仅为一种实施案例,本发明保护的范围不限于实施例的范围。
实施例1、口感改善的处方研究
本实验所用辅料都采购自试剂公司,符合药用标准,所用药材采购自药材公司,符合药典的标准。
1.小儿解表颗粒稠膏制备
小儿解表颗粒处方:金银花300g、连翘 250g、炒牛蒡子250g、蒲公英300g、黄芩300g、防风150g、紫苏150g、荆芥穗100g、葛根150g、人工牛黄 1g。
以上十味,连翘、紫苏叶、荆芥穗提取挥发油(备用),蒸馏后水溶液另器收集;金银花、炒牛蒡子、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、葛根加水煎煮二次,第一次2.5小时,第二次1.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.32~1.35(50℃)的稠膏500克左右(备用)。
2.小儿解表颗粒口感工艺考察
甜味剂筛选
取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),与人工牛黄混合均匀后,分别加入甜菊糖苷、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖、安赛蜜各0.4g,混合均匀后加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。考察结果见下表1
甜味剂 | 甜菊糖苷 | 糖精钠 | 阿斯巴甜 | 三氯蔗糖 | 安赛蜜 |
口感 | 略甜,有苦涩味 | 略甜,苦味较重 | 略甜,苦味较重 | 甜,略苦 | 略甜,苦味较重 |
安全性 | 天然,安全 | 有引起急性中毒的报道 | 有致癌的报道 | 天然,安全 | 有可造成肝脏和神经系统危害 |
通过表1,从口感和安全性方面考察三氯蔗糖是较合适的甜味剂。
3.甜味剂三氯蔗糖用量的考察
取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),与人工牛黄混合均匀后,分别加入0.8g、0.6g、0.4g、0.2g、0g的三氯蔗糖(相当于辅料总量的0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、0%),混合均匀后加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。考察结果见下表2
加入量 | 0.8g | 0.6g | 0.4g | 0.2g | 0g |
占辅料总量 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0% |
口感 | 较甜 | 偏甜 | 适中 | 偏苦 | 较苦 |
通过上表可以看出,加入0.2-0.4%的三氯蔗糖的甜度比较合适。在0.4%以上会很甜,有甜腻的感觉。
4.酸味剂筛选
取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),三氯蔗糖0.4g与人工牛黄混合均匀后,分别加入柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸各3g,混合均匀后加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。考察结果见下表3
酸味剂 | 柠檬酸 | 乳酸 | 酒石酸 | 苹果酸 |
口感 | 酸甜略苦 | 酸甜有苦涩味 | 酸甜有苦涩味 | 酸甜有苦味 |
通过上表可以看出,酸味剂选择柠檬酸最佳。
5.酸味剂柠檬酸用量的考察
取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),三氯蔗糖0.4g与人工牛黄混合均匀后,分别加入0g 、3g、6g、12g的柠檬酸(相当于辅料总量的0%、1.5%、3%、6%),混合均匀后加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。考察结果见下表4
柠檬酸加入量 | 0g | 3g | 6g | 12g |
占辅料总量 | 0% | 1.5% | 3% | 6% |
口感 | 甜中带苦 | 酸甜略苦 | 偏酸 | 较酸 |
通过上表可以看出,加入1-3%的柠檬酸用量的酸度可以接受,1.5%的柠檬酸的酸度比较合适。
5.香精种类的考察
取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),三氯蔗糖0.4g,柠檬酸3g,与人工牛黄混合均匀后,分别加入巧克力粉末香精0.6g、甜橙香精0.4ml、菠萝香精0.4ml、草莓香精0.4ml、柠檬香精0.4ml,混合均匀后加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。通过实验人员和临床考察得出巧克力香精和甜橙香精能够掩盖小儿解表颗粒的气味和改善其苦味。巧克力香精用量在0.4-0.8g即大约为总辅料量的0.196-0.392%时口味比较合适,巧克力香精用量0.6g即大约为总辅料量的0.294%时,是最合适的口味,消费者比较喜欢。
6.最终得到两种配方
(1)酸甜味(新口味1),制法:取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),三氯蔗糖0.4g,柠檬酸3g,与人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
(2)巧克力味(新口味2),制法:取蔗糖粉4份(160g),糊精1份(40g),三氯蔗糖0.4g,柠檬酸3g,巧克力粉末香精0.6g与人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入稠膏1份(40g)及乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50~65℃干燥1~2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
实施例2 临床调查研究
本调查是这样实现的:通过调查2-14岁儿童对两种新配方与原配方的喜好程度,选出儿童最喜欢口感,再观察新配方与原配方对感冒患儿的疗效对比,确证新配方既有更好的口感,又不减疗效。
下面的调查旨在进一步说明本发明的有益之处:
调查例一:
1、调查方法
随机选择2-14岁小孩共120名。按年龄分为两组,其中2-5岁为组1(64名),6-14岁为组2(56名)。取三种小儿解表颗粒,分别为实施例1中酸甜味,就是加入三氯蔗糖和柠檬酸调味的作为新口味1、巧克力味(新口味2)以及原口味即仅在辅料加入蔗糖调味,用等量、等温的30mL温开水冲服,仅尝试口味,并作评比。
2、评比方法
在药物的口感评价中,感官评价起着主导作用,而人的感觉受主观因素影响大,具有模糊性,很难用精准的数据表达。所以,针对有辨识能力的6-14岁小孩,对口感用“很好”、“较好”、“可以接受”、“较差”、“很差”等模糊概念来评价。而2-5岁小孩由于没有很好的辨识能力,仅从三种口味当中选出最喜欢的口味。
3、评比结果
组1中小儿解表颗粒口味的评比结果:最喜欢巧克力味的有37人,占比57.8%,最喜欢酸甜味的22人,占比34.4%,而最喜欢原味的仅有5人,占比7.8%。所以,2-5岁儿童最喜欢巧克力味小儿解表颗粒。
组2中小儿解表颗粒口味的评比结果如下表5所示:
表5 两种新口味与原口味6-14岁儿童市场调查结果(单位:人)
很好 | 较好 | 可以接受 | 较差 | 很差 | |
原口味 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 35 | 14 |
酸甜味 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 18 | 8 |
巧克力味 | 15 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 1 |
从表中可见,觉得巧克力味可以接受或更好的6-14岁儿童共有44人(占比总人数78.6%),而酸甜味有30人(占比53.6%),原口味仅有7人(占比12.5%)。所以,6-14岁儿童也更喜欢巧克力味小儿解表颗粒。
调查例二:
该试验旨在观察口感改善后的小儿解表颗粒与原口味在治疗上呼吸道感染方面的疗效对比。
1、一般资料
该试验与成都高新好医生第一医院合作进行。该院于2015年9月~2016年1月在门诊收治符合急性上呼吸道感染诊断标准的患儿53例,其中男性29例女性24例,年龄为6个月~14岁。主要症状为急性起病,发热、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽,检查咽部充血或扁桃体肿大,咽后壁滤泡增生,化验血常规白细胞计数明显增高分类正常,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞偏高,肺部均无明显体征。随机分为两组,其中原口味组男性12例、女性14例,新口味组男性16例、女性11例,两组年龄无明显差异具有可比性。
2、治疗方法
原口味组用原口味小儿解表颗粒,新口味组用巧克力味小儿解表颗粒。6个月~3岁每次1/2包,每日2次;3岁~5岁每次1包,每日3次;6~9岁每次2包,每日2次;10-14岁每次2包,每日3次。
疗效判定:显效为服药后12~48h,体温恢复正常,临床感冒症状明显好转;有效为服药48—72h后体温恢复正常,临床症状明显好转;无效为服药72h后症状体征无改变。
3、治疗效果
两组治疗效果如下表6所示:
表6 两组治疗效果
显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 | |
原口味组 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 88.0% |
巧克力味组 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 85.7% |
经χ2经验,P>0.05,差异不具有统计学意义。所以,巧克力味组与原口味组治疗效果相当,说明改善口感后的小儿解表颗粒对上呼吸道感染依然可以起到良好的效果。
Claims (1)
1.一种改善了口感的小儿解表颗粒,其特征在于制备方法包括如下步骤:
a.金银花300g、连翘250g、炒牛蒡子250g、蒲公英300g、黄芩300g、防风150g、紫苏叶150g、荆芥穗 100g、葛根150g、人工牛黄1g以上十味,连翘、紫苏叶、荆芥穗提取挥发油,蒸馏后水溶液另器收集;金银花、炒牛蒡子、蒲公英、黄芩、防风、葛根加水煎煮二次,第一次2.5小时,第二次 1.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为在50℃测为1.32-1.35的稠膏500克左右备用;
b.取蔗糖粉400份,糊精100份,三氯蔗糖1份,柠檬酸7.5份,巧克力粉末香精1.5份与少量人工牛黄混合均匀后,加入步骤a制备的稠膏100份,加入适量乙醇混合制成软材,用14目筛网制粒,50-65℃干燥1-2小时,放冷,1号筛整粒,3号筛除细粉,加入挥发油,混匀,即得。
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