CN105801886B - 一种疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的制备方法,主要采用纳米微晶纤维素为骨架单元,低表面张力溶剂为置换溶剂,通过加入表面活性剂形成乳液体系进行化学反应,其中以有机硅烷化合物为疏水改性剂制备而成。本发明所采用的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球制备工艺流程简单,设备要求低;另外,生产原料价格低廉,溶剂易回收,生产成本低,产率高。本发明所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球为规则球形颗粒,平均粒径可在1~1000μm范围内调控,且具有典型的纳米多孔结构,可应用于隔热、色谱分离、催化、生物载药和血液净化等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料制备领域,具体涉及一种疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的制备方法。
背景技术
纳米多孔轻质材料可称为气凝胶材料,气凝胶是一种以纳米量级粒子相互聚集构成纳米多孔网络结构,并在孔隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固态材料,因其具有纳米多孔结构、低密度、低介电常数、低导热系数、高孔隙率、高比表面积等特点,在力学、声学、热学、光学等诸方面显示出独特性质,在航天、军事、石油、化工、矿产、通讯、医用、建材、电子、冶金等众多领域有着广泛而巨大的应用价值,被称为“改变世界的神奇材料”。
纤维素气凝胶是近年发展起来的一类新型气凝胶材料。纤维素是地球上储量丰富的绿色可再生资源,纤维素气凝胶除了具有传统气凝胶材料的诸多优点外,还具有韧性好、易加工、制备过程简单、结构可控、来源丰富可再生、良好的生物相容性和可降解性等无机气凝胶无法比拟的特性,因此纤维素气凝胶成为一类应用前景广阔、极具开发价值的新材料。球形纤维素微球微颗粒具有规则的形状,有其组成的粉体气凝胶材料具有较低的表观密度和较好的流动性,有利于其在隔热,色谱分离和催化等方面的应用。另外,球形纤维素气凝胶微颗粒在药物的可控释放和血液净化领域方面也得到了重要的应用。因此,开发球形纤维素气凝胶微颗粒的制备新方法具有重要的现实意义。
在球形纤维素气凝胶微颗粒的制备方法研究方面,人们开展了大量的研究工作,希望能够开发出成本低、工艺简单、耗时短、且可实现规模化生产的制备方法。目前,球形纤维素气凝胶微颗粒的制备方法主要为超临界干燥。超临界法制备的气凝胶性能较为优异,但设备复杂昂贵、干燥工艺耗能高、危险性大。研究和开发一种成本低、工艺简单且可实现规模化生产的技术制备球形纤维素气凝胶微颗粒具有十分重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中制备疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的方法工艺复杂、成本高的技术问题,目的在于提供一种成本低、工艺简单且可实现规模化生产的常压干燥技术制备疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的方法。
本发明的目的通过以下方式来完成:
本发明提供的一种疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的制备方法,其特征在于:采用纳米微晶纤维素为骨架单元,低表面张力溶剂为置换溶剂,通过加入表面活性剂形成乳液体系进行化学反应,其中以有机硅烷化合物为疏水改性剂,过程按下述步骤依次进行:
(1)将纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为3-20%)与去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入交联剂和低表面张力溶剂,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;
(2)在混合溶液中加入表面活性剂,通过高速搅拌使体系形成乳状液后,向其中加入有机硅烷化合物,加热搅拌反应,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;
(3)对白色沉淀物进行洗涤、常压干燥,得到疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
为了更好地实现本发明,所述的交联剂为碳酸锆铵、2D树脂、水溶性羟基丙烯酸酯树脂的至少一种。
为了更好地实现本发明,所述的低表面张力溶剂正庚烷、正己烷和正辛烷中的至少一种。
为了更好地实现本发明,所述的有机硅烷化合物为二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氧烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、六甲基环三硅氧烷中的至少一种。
为了更好地实现本发明,所述的表面活性剂为吐温-40,吐温-60,吐温-80,司班-40,司班-65,司班-80的至少一种。
为了更好地实现本发明,在所述步骤(1)中,混合溶液中纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶、去离子水、交联剂和低表面张力溶剂的质量比为1:(0.5~5):(0.03~1):(1~5)。
在所述步骤(2)中,表面活性剂与纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶的质量比为(0.01~0.2):1。
在所述步骤(2)中,有机硅烷化合物与纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶的质量比为(0.01~1)。
在所述步骤(2)中所述的高速搅拌,指在300~1200rpm转速搅拌条件。
在所述步骤(2)中所述的加热搅拌反应,指反应温度为30~70℃,反应时间为0.5h~8h。
在所述步骤(3)中的常压干燥指在常压条件下,80~180℃下干燥1~8h。
本发明所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球为规则球形颗粒,粒径为1~1000μm,比表面积为300~1200 m2/g,孔径为10~200nm。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明所采用的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球制备工艺流程简单,设备要求低;另外,生产原料价格低廉,溶剂易回收,生产成本低,产率高。
2、本发明所采用的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球制备过程不必经过传统气凝胶常压干燥繁琐的溶剂置换过程,便于规模化工业生产。
3、本发明所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球为规则球形颗粒,平均粒径可在1~1000μm范围内调控,且具有典型的纳米多孔结构,可应用于隔热、色谱分离、催化、生物载药和血液净化等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的SEM图。
图2为本发明实施例1所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球表面微观结构的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为6%)与300g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入50g碳酸锆铵和300g正己烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入10g吐温-40表面活性剂,通过在400rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入10g二甲基二乙氧基硅烷,在30℃加热条件下搅拌反应7h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在100℃条件下干燥处理6h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
所制备的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的扫描电镜图如附图1和附图2所示,颗粒为圆球状,粒径大小分布在15~30μm之间,通过附图2可以看出,制得的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球是具有连续网络结构的多孔材料,孔径大小为50nm左右,且纳米孔洞分布均匀。
测试结果:
粒径:15~30μm;
比表面积:1200 m2/g;
平均孔径:50nm。
实施例2
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为3)与50g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入3g 2D树脂和100g正庚烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入1g吐温-40表面活性剂,通过在1200rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入20g六甲基二硅氧烷,在40℃加热条件下搅拌反应8h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在80℃条件下干燥处理6h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:10~20μm;
比表面积:800 m2/g;
平均孔径:80nm。
实施例3
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为10%)与500g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入100g水溶性羟基丙烯酸酯树脂和500g正己烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入20g吐温-60表面活性剂,通过在300rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入10g甲基三乙氧基硅烷,在50℃加热条件下搅拌反应4h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在100℃条件下干燥处理5h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:20~50μm;
比表面积:1000 m2/g;
平均孔径:100nm。
实施例4
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为20%)与200g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入80g碳酸锆铵和400g正辛烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入2g吐温-80表面活性剂,通过在800rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入1g甲基环三硅氧烷,在60℃加热条件下搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在130℃条件下干燥处理3h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:200~500μm;
比表面积:400 m2/g;
平均孔径:150nm。
实施例5
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为8%)与400g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入20g碳酸锆铵和200g正庚烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入3g司班-40表面活性剂,通过在800rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入100g六甲基二硅氮烷,在70℃加热条件下搅拌反应0.5h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在100℃条件下干燥处理6h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:20~40μm;
比表面积:300 m2/g;
平均孔径:200nm。
实施例6
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为5%)与100g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入10g水溶性羟基丙烯酸酯树脂和250g正辛烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入5g司班-65表面活性剂,通过在400rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入20g十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷,在40℃加热条件下搅拌反应4h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在180℃条件下干燥处理1h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:500~1000μm;
比表面积:1200 m2/g;
平均孔径:20nm。
实施例7
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为12%)与80g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入75g 2D树脂和500g正己烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入9g司班-80表面活性剂,通过在500rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入10g甲基环三硅氧烷,在35℃加热条件下搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在100℃条件下干燥处理7h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:10~20μm;
比表面积:600 m2/g;
平均孔径:120nm。
实施例8
将100g纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶(固含量为6%)与200g去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入6g水溶性羟基丙烯酸酯树脂和200g正己烷,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;在混合溶液中加入7g司班-80表面活性剂,通过在550rpm转速下快速搅拌使得体系形成乳状液后,向其加入60g八甲基环四硅氧烷,在40℃加热条件下搅拌反应7h,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;用正己烷洗涤白色沉淀物3次,然后放置于鼓风干燥箱内,在120℃条件下干燥处理3h,得到白色的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球。
测试结果:
粒径:10~60μm;
比表面积:1200 m2/g;
平均孔径:10nm。
Claims (4)
1.一种疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球的制备方法,其特征在于:采用纳米微晶纤维素为骨架单元,低表面张力溶剂为置换溶剂,通过加入表面活性剂形成乳液体系进行化学反应,其中以有机硅烷化合物为疏水改性剂,过程按下述步骤依次进行:
(1)将纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶与去离子水在室温下混合均匀,加入交联剂和低表面张力溶剂,搅拌均匀得到混合溶液;
(2)在混合溶液中加入表面活性剂,通过高速搅拌使体系形成乳状液后,向其中加入有机硅烷化合物,加热搅拌反应,反应结束后,静置,过滤,得到白色沉淀物;
(3)对白色沉淀物进行洗涤、常压干燥,得到疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球;
其中,所述的交联剂为碳酸锆铵、2D树脂、水溶性羟基丙烯酸酯树脂的至少一种;
所述纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶的固含量为3-20%;
所述的低表面张力溶剂正庚烷、正己烷和正辛烷中的至少一种;
所述的有机硅烷化合物为二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氧烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、六甲基环三硅氧烷中的至少一种;
所述的表面活性剂为吐温-40,吐温-60,吐温-80,司班-40,司班-65,司班-80的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
在所述步骤(1)中,混合溶液中纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶、去离子水、交联剂和低表面张力溶剂的质量比为1:(0.5~5):(0.03~1):(1~5);
在所述步骤(2)中,表面活性剂与纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶的质量比为(0.01~0.2):1;
在所述步骤(2)中,有机硅烷化合物与纳米微晶纤维素水溶胶的质量比为(0.01~1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
在所述步骤(2)中所述的高速搅拌,指在300~1200rpm转速搅拌条件;
在所述步骤(2)中所述的加热搅拌反应,指反应温度为30~70℃,反应时间为0.5h~8h;
在所述步骤(3)中的常压干燥指在常压条件下,80~180℃下干燥1~8h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的疏水纳米多孔纤维素微球为规则球形颗粒,粒径为1~1000μm,比表面积为300~1200m2/g,孔径为10~200nm。
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