CN105793363A - 导电组合物及由其制成的层 - Google Patents
导电组合物及由其制成的层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105793363A CN105793363A CN201480063755.4A CN201480063755A CN105793363A CN 105793363 A CN105793363 A CN 105793363A CN 201480063755 A CN201480063755 A CN 201480063755A CN 105793363 A CN105793363 A CN 105793363A
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Abstract
本发明涉及组合物,这些组合物包含至少一种导电材料、至少一种粘合剂、以及至少一种溶剂,其中该导电材料包含至少一种阳离子以及双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺(TFSI)阴离子以及至少一种导电聚合物。根据本发明的组合物可以用于形成层,如特别地在显示装置应用中的透明电极、防静电层、和/或电磁干扰屏蔽层。
Description
本申请要求于2013年11月21日提交的欧洲专利申请号13193940.7的优先权,出于所有的目的将此申请的全部内容通过引用结合在此。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种导电组合物以及由所述导电组合物制成的层,该层适合用作透明电极、防静电层、和/或电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽层用于显示装置(如液晶显示(LCD)装置以及有机发光二极管(OLED)装置)。
发明背景
显示装置,如液晶显示(LCD)装置,被用于电视、投影仪、移动电话、PDA等,并且此类装置通常包括多个用于不同目的(包括透明电极、防静电层、以及电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽层)的透明导电层。在此类显示装置中用于该透明导电层的常规导电材料是透明导电氧化物(TCO),如铟锡氧化物(ITO)、铟锌氧化物(IZO)和锑锡氧化物(ATO)。典型地通过使用溅射来沉积这些材料。然而,此方法相当复杂并且昂贵。另外,这些材料是不利的,因为在它们形成时可能产生许多裂缝(缺少柔性),并且铟(ITO和IZO的主要元素)是目前变得快速耗竭的有限资源。
导电聚合物具有良好的柔性并且被认为是廉价的,因为它们可以通过简单的处理而形成。具有这些特征,据信导电聚合物组合物是在形成显示装置中的透明电极、防静电层、和/或EMI屏蔽层中代替TCO的潜在侯选物之中。
这些导电聚合物组合物所面临的挑战之一是其在显示装置的制造过程中通常要求的高温(如至少300℃)下的不足的热稳定性。例如,聚乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸酯(PEDOT/PSS),其是代表性导电聚合物之一,在200℃温度下分解,并且因此,此导电聚合物在显示装置的制造期间在高温过程不能保持稳定。
发明说明
本发明的目的是提供具有特别有利特性的导电组合物,这些导电组合物可以适合用于形成显示装置中的透明电极、防静电层、和/或EMI屏蔽层。根据本发明的组合物可以适合用于形成表现出在高温下优异的热稳定性、令人满意的电导率范围、以及优异的硬度和透明度的层。
因此本发明涉及组合物,这些组合物包含至少一种导电材料、至少一种粘合剂、以及至少一种溶剂,其中该导电材料包含至少一种阳离子以及双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺(TFSI)阴离子。根据本发明的组合物进一步包含至少导电聚合物。确实,已经出人意料地发现根据本发明的组合物显示了在高温(如至少300℃)下优越的稳定性。还已经发现被加工为在显示装置中的层时,根据本发明的组合物具有高的片材均匀性以及优异的硬度和透明度。另外,根据本发明的组合物可以满足令人满意的电导率范围而不劣化在显示装置的某层中所要求的其他特性。
进一步地,本发明提供了由根据本发明的组合物制成的特别适合用于显示装置的透明电极、防静电层、和/或EMI屏蔽层。
发明的详细说明
在本发明中,基底应理解为具体指代在其上可以使用根据本发明的组合物沉积材料层的固体,特别是透明固体。此种基底的实例包括玻璃基底以及透明固体聚合物,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、环烯烃共聚物(COC)、苯乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、及其任何组合。优选地,该基底呈薄片的形式。
在本发明中,“烷基”应理解为具体指代直链、支链、或环状的烃基,这些烃基通常具有从1至20个碳原子,优选具有从1至8个碳原子。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲-丁基、叔-丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、以及环己基。
在本发明中,“烷氧基”应理解为具体指代单键键合至氧上的直链、支链、或环状的烃基(Alk-O-),该烃基通常具有从1至20个碳原子,优选从1至8个碳原子。
在本发明中,“芳基”应理解为具体指代衍生自芳香环的任何官能团或取代基。具体地,这些芳基可以具有6至20个碳原子,优选6至12个碳原子,其中该芳基的一些或所有氢原子可能被或可能不被其他基团(尤其是烷基、烷氧基、芳基、或羟基)取代。这些芳基优选地是任选地取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基。
根据本发明的组合物包含导电材料,该导电材料包含至少一种阳离子以及双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺((CF3SO2)2N-,“TFSI”)阴离子。此类导电材料被认为显示出在高温(如至少300℃)下优异的热稳定性并且不分解。含TFSI的导电材料的实例包括:
金属盐,如锂TFSI、钠TFSI、钾TFSI、以及镁TFSI;
铵盐,如四乙基铵TFSI、四丁基铵TFSI、三丁基甲基铵TFSI、二异丙基乙基铵TFSI、三乙基铵TFSI、乙酰(acethyl)胆碱TFSI、三(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基)铵TFSI、二甲基双十八烷基铵TFSI、苄基-三丁基-铵TFSI、三甲基(十四烷基)铵TFSI、四甲基铵TFSI、(2-羟基-乙基)-三甲基-铵TFSI、羧基-N,N,N-三甲基甲烷-铵TFSI、双-(2-羟基-乙基)-甲基-铵TFSI、(2-羟基-乙基)-二甲基-辛基-铵TFSI、三(2-羟基-乙基)-铵TFSI、以及三甲基己基铵TFSI;
吡啶鎓盐,如1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓TFSI、以及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓TFSI;
磷鎓盐,如三丁基辛基磷鎓TFSI、三丁基十二烷基磷鎓TFSI、四苯基磷鎓TFSI、四丁基磷鎓TFSI、以及四-羟甲基-磷鎓TFSI;
吡啶鎓盐,如1-丁基吡啶鎓TFSI、以及苯基二甲基铵TFSI;
以及胍鎓盐,如胍鎓TFSI、以及四甲基胍鎓TFSI;
但是本发明并不限于此。该含TFSI的导电材料的另一个实例是H-TFSI。优选地,该含TFSI的导电材料是TFSI的金属盐(如LiTFSI)或H-TFSI。当使用H-TFSI时可获得优异的结果,尤其是就获得杰出的高温下的长期热稳定性和/或极好的硬度而言,当该层由对应的组合物形成时。
在本发明中,典型地以相对于该组合物总重量0.1wt%至10wt%、优选1wt%至8wt%、更优选2wt%至6wt%的量来使用该导电材料。通过包含在以上范围的该导电材料,根据本发明的组合物可以展示出良好的导电性以及涂布性能。
在本发明中,该组合物包含至少一种粘合剂。本发明中的粘合剂可以是有机化合物、无机化合物、或其混合型化合物。该有机粘合剂的实例包括聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、以及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯;聚酰亚胺,如聚酰亚胺以及聚酰胺酰亚胺;聚酰胺,如聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6,6、聚酰胺12、以及聚酰胺11;氟树脂,如聚偏二氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、以及聚三氟氯乙烯;乙烯树脂,如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙酸乙烯酯、以及聚氯乙烯;环氧树脂;氧杂环丁烷树脂;二甲苯树脂;芳族聚酰胺树脂;聚酰亚胺硅酮;聚氨酯;聚脲;三聚氰胺树脂;酚树脂;聚醚;有机硅化合物;聚环氧乙烷(PEO);丙烯酸树脂;及其共聚物。
在本发明中,该粘合剂优选地包括至少一种热固性单体和/或粘合剂。优选地,根据本发明的组合物的粘合剂包括硅酮基粘合剂。具体地,该热固性单体和/或粘合剂可以选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:三烷氧基硅烷、三氯甲硅烷、四氯硅烷、氨基硅烷基粘合剂、四烷氧基硅烷基粘合剂、以及其任何组合。该热固性单体和/或粘合剂的优选的实例是四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)、TEOS基粘合剂、TMOS基粘合剂、以及其任何组合。更优选地,根据本发明的组合物包含TEOS粘合剂。不希望受任何理论的约束,当将该组合物施用到其上的基底是玻璃型基底(在显示装置中时常发现)时,该硅酮基粘合剂的使用被认为是尤其有效的。因此,根据本发明的组合物特别优选作为涂覆组合物用于玻璃基底。
在本发明中,典型地以相对于该组合物总重量5至65wt%、优选10至55wt%、更优选20至45wt%的量来使用该粘合剂。
在本发明中,根据本发明的组合物中的溶剂选自由以下各项组成的组:水;脂肪醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,3-戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丁二醇、二羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨醇、上述醇的酯化产物;脂肪酮,如甲氧基乙醇、丙二醇甲醚、二丙酮醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮和甲基乙基酮;醚,如四氢呋喃、二丁基醚、单-和聚亚烷基二醇二烷基醚;脂肪族羧酸酯;脂肪族羧酸酰胺;芳香烃;脂肪烃;乙腈;脂肪族亚砜;及其任何组合。优选的溶剂是水、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲基乙基酮、二丁基醚、乙酸丁酯、或其任何组合。
在本发明中,以相对于该组合物总重量25至94.9wt%、优选37至89wt%、更优选49至78wt%的量来使用该溶剂。通过包括在以上范围的溶剂,当被加工为层时,根据本发明的组合物可以表现出良好的涂布性能。
在另一个具体实施例中,根据本发明的组合物进一步包含至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的添加剂:导电化合物、偶联剂、表面活性剂、抑制剂、催化剂、抗氧化剂、离子液体、及其任何组合。
在本发明中,该组合物包含至少一种附加的导电化合物,该导电化合物是导电聚合物。
在本发明中,导电聚合物应理解为具体地指代任何导电的聚合物材料。在根据本发明的组合物中,这些导电聚合物可以例如被溶解或分散在溶剂中。优选地,这些导电聚合物被分散在水和/或醇中。
在本发明中,该导电聚合物可以选自由以下各项组成的组:聚乙炔聚合物、聚(对亚苯基)聚合物、聚(对亚苯基硫醚)聚合物、聚(对亚苯基亚乙烯基)聚合物、聚苯胺聚合物、聚乙炔聚合物、聚吡咯聚合物、聚噻吩聚合物、以及其任何的组合。优选地,该导电聚合物是至少一种聚噻吩聚合物,特别地聚乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)聚合物。
在本发明中,该PEDOT聚合物优选掺杂有至少一种另外的化合物。用于掺杂的此种化合物的一个实例包括聚合物酸掺杂剂,特别地水溶性聚合物掺杂剂。掺杂的PEDOT聚合物的实例包括掺杂有木质素磺酸(LSA)的PEDOT(PEDOT/LSA);掺杂有聚乙二醇(PEG)的PEDOT(PEDOT/PEG);掺杂有多金属氧酸盐(POM)的PEDOT(PEDOT/POM);掺杂有磺化的聚酰亚胺(SPI)的PEDOT(PEDOT/SPI);掺杂有碳材料(如活性碳、石墨烯和碳纳米管(CNT))的PEDOT(活性炭/PEDOT复合材料、PEDOT/石墨烯复合材料、或PEDOT/CNT复合材料);掺杂有DMSO和CNT的PEDOT(PEDOT/DMSO/CNT);掺杂有甲苯磺酸盐的PEDOT;掺杂有氯阴离子的PEDOT;掺杂有NO3的PEDOT;掺杂有PSS的PEDOT(PEDOT:PSS);掺杂有并五苯的PEDOT/PSS;掺杂有过硫酸铵(APS)的PEDOT(PEDOT/APS);以及掺杂有二甲亚砜(DMSO)的PEDOT(PEDOT/DMSO);但本发明不受限于此。该PEDOT聚合物优选掺杂有具有至少一种磺酸的聚合物,如聚苯乙烯磺酸酯(PSS)。
在本发明的优选实施例中,该导电聚合物包括至少一种聚噻吩聚合物、优选聚乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)聚合物,其掺杂有至少一种水溶性聚合物掺杂剂、优选聚苯乙烯磺酸酯(PSS)。在这个实施例中,PEDOT和PSS的比率优选是按重量计5:95至50:50。
在本发明中,偶联剂应理解为当被施用于基底时起到辅助对该基底的粘附的作用。例如,此种偶联剂可以选自由以下各项组成的组:氨、氯硅烷、单体氨基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、β-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-丙烯酰氧基丙基二甲氧基硅烷及其任何组合。该偶联剂的优选实例是氯硅烷、单体氨基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、以及乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。
在本发明中,表面活性剂应理解为具体指代降低液体的表面张力、在两种液体之间的界面张力、或在液体与固体之间的界面张力的材料。在本发明中的表面活性剂优选具有8至16、优选10至13的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)。该表面活性剂的优选实例包括表面活性剂(可从毕克化学助剂和仪器公司(BYKAdditives&Instruments)获得),如链烷磺酸盐、甜菜碱、烷基乙氧基化物、醚硫酸盐、及其任何组合。更优选地,这些表面活性剂是链烷磺酸盐、以及烷基乙氧基化物。
在本发明中,抑制剂可以任选地被添加至该组合物中以便保持适当的聚合程度。该抑制剂的实例包括氢醌、二烷基乙炔二羧酸酯、二甲基乙炔二羧酸酯、二乙烯二羧酸酯、二丁基乙炔二羧酸酯、甲基丁基乙炔二羧酸酯、甲基乙基乙炔二羧酸酯、及其任何组合。优选的抑制剂是氢醌、二烷基乙炔二羧酸酯以及二甲基乙炔二羧酸酯。
在本发明中,可以使用催化剂来促进由在根据本发明的组合物中的对应单体形成粘合剂。胺、有机或无机酸、金属或金属盐、过氧化物、或其任何组合可以用作在本发明中的催化剂。这些胺的非限制性实例包括氨、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、二正丙胺、二异丙胺、三正丙胺、正丁胺、异丁胺、二正丁胺、二异丁胺、三正丁胺、正戊胺、二正戊胺、三正戊胺、二环己胺、苯胺、2,4-二甲基吡啶、4,4-三亚甲基双(1-甲基哌啶)、1,4-二氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷、N,N-二甲基哌嗪、顺2,6-二甲基哌嗪、反2,5-二甲基哌嗪、4,4-亚甲基双(环己胺)、硬脂胺、1,3-二-(4-哌啶基)丙烷、N,N-二甲基丙醇胺、N,N-二甲基己醇胺、N,N-二甲基辛醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、1-哌啶乙醇、4-哌啶醇、及其任何组合。有机或无机酸的非限制性实例包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、顺丁烯二酸、硬脂酸、盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、氯酸、次氯酸、及其任何组合。金属和金属盐的非限制性实例包括钯、乙酸钯、乙酰丙酮钯、银、乙酰丙酮银、铂、乙酰丙酮铂、钌、乙酰丙酮钌、羰基钌、金、铜、乙酰丙酮铜、乙酰丙酮铝、三(乙酰乙酸乙酯)铝、及其任何组合。过氧化物的非限制性实例包括过氧化氢、金属氯化物、有机金属化合物如二茂铁和茂锆、及其任何组合。在本发明中的催化剂的优选实例是4,4-亚甲基双(环己胺)、乙酸、盐酸、铂、乙酰丙酮铂、过氧化氢、以及过氧化二异丙苯。
在本发明中,离子液体应理解为具体指代呈液态的包含电化学中性的阳离子和阴离子对的盐(其熔点通常是低于100℃)。该离子液体优选包括阳离子,该阳离子包括有机部分,特别地是不对称有机部分。该离子液体的阳离子的实例包括:
铵或四烷基铵阳离子,如四甲基铵、四丁基铵、四己基铵、丁基三甲基铵、以及甲基三辛基铵阳离子;
胍鎓阳离子,如N,N,N',N'-四己基-N",N"-二甲基胍鎓阳离子;
咪唑鎓阳离子,更典型地,每个硼原子用从1至3、更典型地2至3个烷基、羟烷基和/或芳基取代基取代的咪唑鎓阳离子,如1,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、1-苄基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-丙基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-十四烷基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-苯基-咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三甲基-咪唑鎓、1,2-甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鎓、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、1-己基-2,3-甲基-咪唑鎓、以及1-(2-羟乙基)-2,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓阳离子;
吗啉鎓阳离子,如N-甲基-吗啉鎓以及N-乙基-吗啉鎓阳离子;
磷鎓阳离子,如四丁基磷鎓以及三丁基甲基磷鎓阳离子;
哌啶鎓阳离子,如1-丁基-1-甲基-哌啶鎓以及1-甲基-1-丙基-哌啶鎓阳离子;
哒嗪鎓(pyradazinium)阳离子;
吡嗪鎓阳离子,如1-乙基-4-甲基-吡嗪鎓以及1-辛基-4-丙基-吡嗪鎓阳离子;
吡唑鎓阳离子,如1-乙基-2,3,5-二氢化吡唑鎓阳离子;
吡啶鎓阳离子,如N-丁基-吡啶鎓、以及N-己基-吡啶鎓阳离子;
嘧啶鎓阳离子,如1-己基-3-丙基-嘧啶鎓、以及1-乙基-3-甲基-嘧啶鎓阳离子;
吡咯烷鎓阳离子,如1-丁基-1-甲基-吡咯烷鎓以及1-甲基-1-丙基-吡咯烷鎓阳离子;
吡咯鎓(pyrrolium)阳离子,如1,1,-二甲基-吡咯鎓、以及1-甲基-1-戊基-吡咯鎓阳离子;
吡咯啉鎓阳离子;
硫鎓阳离子,如三甲基硫鎓阳离子;
噻唑鎓阳离子;
噁唑鎓阳离子;
三唑鎓阳离子;以及
其任何组合。
在本发明中,该离子液体优选包括至少一种具有咪唑鎓阳离子的化合物。更优选地,该离子液体包括至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的咪唑鎓阳离子:1,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、1-苄基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-丙基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-十四烷基-咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-苯基-咪唑鎓、1,2,3-三甲基-咪唑鎓、1,2-甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鎓、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓、1-己基-2,3-甲基-咪唑鎓、以及1-(2-羟乙基)-2,3-二甲基-咪唑鎓阳离子。
适用于该离子液体的阴离子的实例包括:
硼酸根阴离子,如四氟硼酸根、四氰基硼酸根、四-(对-(二甲基(1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基)甲硅烷基)苯基)硼酸根、烷基三氟硼酸根、全氟烷基三氟硼酸根、以及烯基三氟硼酸根阴离子;
碳酸根阴离子,如碳酸氢根以及甲基碳酸根阴离子;
羧酸根阴离子,如水杨酸根、硫代水杨酸根、L-乳酸根、乙酸根、三氟乙酸根、以及甲酸根阴离子;
氯酸根阴离子;
氰酸根阴离子,如硫氰酸根、二氰胺、以及三氰甲烷阴离子;
卤化物阴离子,如氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、以及碘化物阴离子;
酰亚胺阴离子,如酰亚胺以及二(氟甲基磺酰)亚胺阴离子;
硝酸根阴离子;
磷酸根阴离子,如磷酸二氢根、六氟磷酸根、二(三氟甲基)四氟磷酸根、三(三氟甲基)三氟磷酸根、三(全氟烷基)三氟磷酸根、四(三氟甲基)二氟磷酸根、五(三氟甲基)氟磷酸根、以及六(三氟甲基)磷酸根阴离子;
硫酸根和磺酸根阴离子,如三氟甲磺酸根、硫酸氢根、甲苯磺酸根、(C1-C12)烷基硫酸根、以及(C1-C12)烷基磺酸根阴离子;
全氟烷基β-二酮酸根(diketonate)阴离子,如6,6,7,7,8,8,8-七氟-2,2-二甲基-3,5-辛烷二酮酸根、1,1,1,5,5,5-六氟-2,4-戊烷二酮酸根、以及4,4,4-三氟-1-(2-噻吩基)-1,3-丁烷二酮酸根阴离子;
氟氢化物阴离子,如聚(氟化氢)氟化物阴离子;
氟代金属酸根(fluorometallate)阴离子,如氧代五氟钨(VI)阴离子,以及
其任何组合。
在本发明中,该离子液体的实例包括1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓四氰基硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基-吡咯烷鎓二氰胺、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓三氟乙酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓双(氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、以及其混合物,但本发明不受限于此。在本发明中离子液体优选包括1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓四氰基硼酸盐。
在本发明中,抗氧化剂的实例包括柠檬酸、棓酸酯、生育酚、其他酚基抗氧化剂、胺基抗氧化剂、磷基抗氧化剂、硫基抗氧化剂、糖、以及维生素。
在尤其优选的实施例中,根据本发明的组合物包含在包含水和至少一种醇的混合溶剂中的至少一种含TFSI的导电材料,以及至少一种硅酮基粘合剂。这个实施例的组合物还包含至少一种导电聚合物。在上文所述的每种组分的优选实施例可以同等施用于这个实施例中。
在本发明的另一个具体实施例中,该组合物包含在包含水和至少一种醇的混合溶剂中的至少一种含TFSI的导电材料(PEDOT/PSS聚合物),以及至少一种硅酮基粘合剂。在上文所述的每种组分的优选实施例可以同等施用于这个实施例中。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含至少一种导电材料、以及至少一种粘合剂的混合物的层,该层通过使用根据本发明的组合物可获得,其中该导电材料至少包含双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺(TFSI)部分。这个实施例的导电材料还包含至少一种导电聚合物。关于在这个方面的该导电材料、以及该粘合剂的细节,可以参考以上对应的解释。根据本发明的层可以被用作电子装置中的导电层。优选地,本发明的层是透明导电层。更优选地,此种层作为在显示装置中的透明电极、防静电层、和/或电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽层起作用。
在本发明中的透明电极应理解为指代在电子装置(特别是显示装置)中使用的任何类型的电极。其实例包括共用电极,像素电极,包括在薄膜晶体管(TFT)中的电极,如栅电极、扫描电极和数据(信号)电极,以及任选的电极,如段电极和v形电极(chevronelectrode)。
已经出人意料地发现根据本发明的层表现出甚至在至少200℃、优选至少230℃、更优选至少300℃、还更优选至少350℃并且低于400℃的高温下的优异的热稳定性,同时显示出良好的柔性、令人满意的电导率范围、以及极好的硬度和透明度。
该层可以通过将本发明的组合物施用在基底上(特别是玻璃基底的表面上)来形成。此种应用可以例如用激光刻蚀,润湿,如浸渍,印刷,如凹版印刷和喷墨印刷,涂覆,如旋涂、棒涂、缝隙涂覆、喷涂、辊涂、和铺展,或沉积来进行。在该基底上层的厚度优选地是从100至更优选3,000至 在该基底上层的厚度还可以是2,000至在将该组合物施用在该基底上后,该层可以例如通过固化来形成。用于固化的典型温度是从25℃至150℃,优选100℃至150℃。典型的固化时间是从5至30分钟,优选10至30分钟。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种电子装置,该电子装置至少包括根据本发明的层。本发明中的电子装置的代表性实例包括显示装置,如LCD和OLED。
本发明的还另一个方面涉及一种制造包括至少一种含TFSI的导电材料、以及至少一种粘合剂的层的方法,该层通过使用根据本发明的组合物可获得。该层还包括至少一种导电聚合物。
用于制造该层的方法优选地包括(a)将根据本发明的组合物均匀地铺展在基底的表面上并且(b)将铺展在该表面上的组合物固化。
根据本发明的如此形成的层一般具有103至1012Ω/·的薄层电阻。如果该层旨在作为根据本发明的防静电层,它一般具有107至1012Ω/·的薄层电阻。可替代地,根据本发明的防静电层具有103至1011Ω/·、优选104至108Ω/·的薄层电阻。如果该层旨在作为该EMI屏蔽,它一般具有103至106Ω/·的薄层电阻。另外,该层一般具有等于或大于7H的铅笔硬度,这充分地满足了在显示装置(尤其是LCD装置)中作为透明导电层的要求。在其中需要甚至更高的技术要求的某些应用,该层达到了等于或大于9H的铅笔硬度。
若通过引用结合在此的任何专利、专利申请以及公开物的披露内容与本申请的描述相冲突的程度到了可能导致术语不清楚,则本说明应该优先。
以下实例进一步详细说明本发明而非限制它。
实例
实例1:导电组合物的制备
实例1-1:导电溶液1
将0.57wt%的LiTFSI、11.4wt%的聚硅氧烷粘合剂(TEOS粘合剂)、0.18wt%的酸催化剂(乙酸)、以及其余部分的异丙醇和水结合到搅拌器中,并且将那些组分在搅拌下混合,从而获得该导电溶液1。
实例1-2:对比导电溶液1
将0.5wt%的PEDOT:PSS、11.4wt%的聚硅氧烷粘合剂(TEOS粘合剂)、0.18wt%的酸催化剂(乙酸)、以及其余部分的异丙醇和水结合到搅拌器中,并且将那些组分在搅拌下混合,从而获得该对比导电溶液1。
实例1-3:导电溶液2
将0.5wt%的PEDOT/PSS聚合物、0.1wt%的H-TFSI、11.4wt%的聚硅氧烷粘合剂(TEOS粘合剂)、0.18wt%的酸催化剂(乙酸)、以及其余部分的异丙醇和水结合到搅拌器中,并且将那些组分在搅拌下混合,从而获得该导电溶液2。
实例2:评估由导电溶液制成的涂层膜
将根据实例1-1、1-2以及1-3的导电溶液供应到旋涂器上,并且在室温下以旋转速度为300rpm持续3秒钟、1000rpm持续15秒钟、以及300rpm持续3秒钟来进行涂覆。在大约140℃的温度下在干燥烘箱中对使用这些导电聚合物溶液形成的涂层膜进行处理持续10分钟。
如下评估和总结该涂层膜的薄层电阻、透光度、表面硬度、热稳定性、以及片材均匀性:
-薄层电阻:用2点探针测量
-透光度:用UV-VIS光谱仪在550nm测量
-表面硬度:用铅笔硬度测试方法测量
-热稳定性:温度测试在350℃的温度下进行
-片材均匀性:测量在该涂层膜的不同点的电阻值偏差
表1:评估结果
实例1-1: | 实例1-2: | 实例1-3: | |
电阻(Ω/·) | 108~109 | 108~109 | 104~106 |
透光度 | 高于99% | 98% | 高于99% |
硬度 | 7H | 7H | 9H |
热稳定性 | 优异 | 不好 | 优异 |
片材均匀性: | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 |
Claims (13)
1.一种组合物,该组合物包含至少一种导电材料、至少一种粘合剂、以及至少一种溶剂,其中该导电材料包含至少一种阳离子以及双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺(TFSI)阴离子、以及至少一种导电聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该导电材料包含至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的含TFSI的化合物:具有TFSI的金属盐、铵TFSI、咪唑鎓TFSI、磷鎓TFSI、吡啶鎓TFSI、胍鎓TFSI、以及其任何组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中该粘合剂包括选自由以下各项组成的组的至少一种热固性单体和/或粘合剂,特别是至少一种热固性硅酮基单体和/或粘合剂:三烷氧基硅烷、三氯甲硅烷、四氯硅烷、氨基硅烷基粘合剂、四烷氧基硅烷基粘合剂、以及其任何组合,尤其是四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)、TEOS基粘合剂、TMOS基粘合剂、及其任何组合。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中该溶剂选自由以下各项组成的组:水;脂肪醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,3-戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丁二醇、二羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨醇、上述醇的酯化产物;脂肪酮,如甲氧基乙醇、丙二醇甲醚、二丙酮醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮和甲基乙基酮;醚,如四氢呋喃、二丁基醚、单-和聚亚烷基二醇二烷基醚;脂肪族羧酸酯;脂肪族羧酸酰胺;芳香烃;脂肪烃;乙腈;脂肪族亚砜;及其任何组合。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,包含相对于该组合物总重量为0.1至10wt%、优选1至8wt%、更优选2至6wt%的量的该导电材料。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物,包含相对于该组合物总重量为5至65wt%、优选10至55wt%、更优选20至45wt%的量的该粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的添加剂:导电化合物、偶联剂、表面活性剂、抑制剂、催化剂、抗氧化剂、及其任何组合。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物,其中该导电聚合物包含至少一种PEDOT/PSS聚合物。
9.一个包含至少一种导电材料、以及至少一种粘合剂的混合物的层,该层通过使用根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的组合物可获得,其中该导电材料至少包含双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺(TFSI)部分以及导电聚合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的层,该层作为透明电极、防静电层、和/或电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽层起作用。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的层,该层在至少200℃、优选至少230℃、更优选至少300℃、还更优选至少350℃、并且低于400℃的温度下是热稳定的。
12.一种用于制造根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的层的方法,该方法包含(a)均匀地将根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的组合物铺展在基底的表面上并且(b)将铺展在该表面上的该组合物固化。
13.一种电子装置,该电子装置至少包括根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的层。
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